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Objective: To identify the 100 most-cited articles in DH and analyze their characteristics. Material and Methods: A search was performed on the Web of Science (WoS) and the 100 most-cited articles were selected. The following data were extracted: citations, year of publication, authorship, institution, country, journal, language, study design, topic of interest, conflict of interest (COI), and sponsorship. The VOSviewer software was used to visualize bibliometric networks. Poisson regression analysis was performed to measure associations between several citations and the characteristics of the studies. Results: The number of citations ranged from 346 to 48. The most-cited article was published in 1997 by Holland in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology. This journal published the most papers, followed by the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation and Journal of Dentistry. Laboratory research, review, and clinical trial were the study designs most prevalent. Reviews (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) and method development studies (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) had a more chance to present more citations. The main topics of interest were the clinical effectiveness of desensitizers and in vitro analysis of dentin morphology. Sponsorship and COI were underreported. England and USA presented the greatest number of citations and connections in the coauthorship network map. Conclusion: Most of the articles were original research, and their topics of interest were mainly the clinical effectiveness of desensitizing agents and dentin morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work aims to analyze the 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods: The 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy between 1990 and 2020 were identified with Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing on August 24, 2020. The publication years, source titles, countries/regions, total citations, and average citations per year were extracted from the Web of Science. The research type and research domain were classified by the authors. Results: These 100 papers were cited a total of 28,714 times, and the median number of citations was 169.5 (ranging from 116 to 1,700 times). The most cited paper was "Concurrent cisplatin-based radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer" by Rose et al., with a total citation of 1,700 times. The International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics (40 papers), Radiotherapy and Oncology (14 papers), and the Journal of Clinical Oncology (12 papers) published the largest number of papers. USA (47 papers), Austria (18 papers), Canada (13 papers), and England (13 papers) contributed the largest number of papers. Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) had the largest number of papers (25 papers). Concurrent chemotherapy was the most cited research domain, with 10,663 total citations and 592.4 citations per paper. Conclusion: In the present study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer in the past 30 years. IGABT and concurrent chemotherapy were the most cited research domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Pulp bleaching is a concern of many conservationists. Research has been conducted with the aim of evaluating some traditional bleaching materials used in the preservation of documents and books, such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium borohydride, which shows that these materials do not significantly improve the mechanical properties of historical papers. Also, investigating the effect of reducing agents on oxidized papers has shown the effectiveness of tert-butylamine borane complex. In another study, five dyeing processes with oxidizers (calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide in two concentrations, light bleaching and potassium permanganate) and two dyeing processes with reducing agents (sodium borohydride and tert-butylamine borane) were compared. Their effect on alfa cellulose (Whatman filter paper) and two different historical papers have been investigated. The results indicate that all the tested dye removal methods have led to a clear increase. Due to the differences of opinion, in this research, the effectiveness of two reducing agent sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite on the appearance and structural characteristics of paper is investigated. Methodology: In this research, Whatman Filter Paper No. 1 (Whatman Filter Paper No. 1) made in England with a thickness of 180 microns, diameter of 11 cm, basis weight of 87 grams per square meter and ash content of 0.06% was used. . Chemical reagents including potassium persulfate, sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite reagent grade were prepared in a laboratory from Merck, Germany.Three solutions including potassium persulfate (2% by weight/volume), sodium borohydride (1% by weight/volume), sodium dithionite (1% by weight/volume) in distilled water (distilled water, pH; 7), to perform tests on zinc. Paper samples have been used by immersion. Whatman filter paper samples were subjected to oxidation in 2% peta persulfate in distilled water for 2 days (48 hours) and then the samples were immersed. Next, the identified samples were modified by two solutions of sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite 1% in distilled water for 1 to 5 hours and then purified in distilled water. Also, the samples were subjected to accelerated aging according to ASTM standard number D4714-96 at a temperature of 90±2 centigrade and a relative humidity of 50±2% for 384 hours. Test methods include potentiostat, colorimetry, tensile strength, pH measurement, scanning electron microscope and infrared examination. Results: The results show that potassium persulfate is the most neutralizing solution among the three solutions used on the first day, and it also indicates the reducing power of two solutions of sodium dithionite and sodium borohydride, which according to the test results, sodium borohydride is the reducing power compared to sodium dithionite. The sample prepared with pH 3.92, after accelerated aging, was accompanied by an increase of several units of pH after modification with two reducing substances. Examining the data obtained from the tensile strength test shows that in comparison with the tested samples with a tensile index of 1.06, the samples modified with sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite increased the index in all five modified periods. The infrared spectrometry investigation of the samples modified with sodium borohydride and sodium dithione shows that this old material improves the structure of cellulose after aging by changing the C=O bonds to C-O and reducing the area of 1640 cm-1.. The reduction of the absorption band in the region of 1640 cm-1 has been opened in almost all time cases with this material compared to the modified sample. Based on the data, samples modified with sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite had a significant increase (approximately 25 units) in the Lfactor (light-darkness) after aging, indicating that two substances have increased the brightness of the sample by reviving the color compounds. In the microscopic examination of the surface of the fibers, in the samples identified with potassium persulfate, local separation of the fibers is observed. In the samples modified with sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite, fibers with higher consistency and entanglement are observed. Conclusion: Double bonds and carbon groups in paper samples formed with potassium persulfate have been the main responsible for the yellowness and darkness of the paper. The reducing agents, sodium borohydride and sodium dithionite reduce this aldehyde and ketone to hydrocarbon. With the loss of multiple conjugates, the light absorption of the paper is reduced and this causes the paper to brighten. The double bonds and their regeneration also cause rearrangement of the cellulose chain, which has resulted in increasing the mechanical resistance and strength of the paper samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on a previous article describing an innovative approach to enhance the service user and practitioner's experience of novel collaborative approach to service improvement. It aims to explore the impact of this through the voices of service users as collaborators and co-authors. The Recovery and Collaborative Care Planning Café (RCCPC) designed with World Café principles, created a safe space to foster inquiry and learning about recovery between service users, carers, and practitioners in an NHS Trust. An important part of the method was in changing conversations towards recovery and living well with conditions applying CHIME concepts (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning, and Empowerment). Story is a qualitative method known as a well-established effective means of engaging others in sharing experiences and perspectives. Through the stories of service users' experiences participating in the RCCP Cafe, it was clear that they felt that CHIME concepts had a positive impact on the way that their conversations evolved. Accounts of how these conversations had resulted in personal growth and increased connectedness emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report distribution of codes associated with a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis recorded in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum compared to the previously validated CPRD GOLD database as a critical step toward making decisions about CPRD Aurum's suitability for medical research.Patients and Methods: We analyzed the distribution of codes for RA diagnoses, labs, and treatments in the new CPRD Aurum database, compared to the CPRD GOLD database by selecting relevant indicators of RA diagnosis, treatment, and clinical care. We included all patients in England in CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD with an incident diagnosis code for RA on or after 1 January 2005 and at least two years recorded data before first RA diagnosis.Results: We found 53,083 and 18,167 patients with a new diagnosis code for RA in CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD, respectively. In both databases approximately 67% were female with similar mean ages at first diagnosis. There were few differences in RA-related recording patterns between the two data sources. Before first RA diagnosis, CPRD Aurum patients had more RA-specific labs and other supporting clinical codes. After diagnosis, CPRD Aurum patients had more RA diagnoses coded and more often had 10+ general RA labs than patients in CPRD GOLD. More CPRD GOLD patients had 10+ prescriptions for conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD) compared to CPRD Aurum. Otherwise, the distribution of drugs used to treat RA was similar between databases. The standardized incidence of RA was similar between databases.Conclusion: Overall, among patients with a diagnosis code for RA, recording of diagnoses, prescription drugs, and labs were similar between CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD. Slight differences were found for a few variables, but overall, we found consistency between the databases. In addition, standardized incidence of RA was similar between databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The philosopher David Hume is renowned in international monetary economics for his 1752 analysis of the specie-flow mechanism of international adjustment. He has been viewed in the literature as an abstract theorist, writing without direct practical experience of public policy or monetary affairs. This paper shows Hume in the unfamiliar role of a British diplomat negotiating the settlement of the outstanding paper money of New France after the British conquest of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last 30 years has seen an exponential increase in Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiries.1 One feature of these has been to place adult survivor voices at the center of Inquiry work, meaning that child abuse victims and survivors2 are engaging with Inquiries, sharing their experiences, with this participation often presented as empowering and healing. This initiative challenges long held beliefs that child sexual abuse survivors are unreliable witnesses, which has led to epistemic injustice and a hermeneutical lacunae in survivor testimony. However to date there has been limited research on what survivors say about their experiences of participation. The Truth Project was one area of work of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse3 in England and Wales. It invited survivors of Child Sexual Abuse to share their experiences including the impacts of abuse and their recommendations for change. The Truth Project concluded in 2021 and heard from more than 6,000 victims of child sexual abuse. The evaluation of the Trauma Informed Approach designed to support survivors through their engagement with the project was a mixed methods, two phase methodology. A total of 66 survey responses were received. Follow-up interviews were conducted with seven survey respondents. The Trauma Informed Approach was found to be predominantly helpful in attending to victim needs and minimizing harm. However, a small number of participants reported harmful effects post-session. The positive impacts reported about taking part in the Truth Project as a one-off engagement challenges beliefs that survivors of child sexual abuse cannot safely talk about their experiences. It also provides evidence of the central role survivors should have in designing services for trauma victims. This study contributes to the epistemic justice literature which emphasizes the central role of relational ethics in the politics of knowing, and the importance of developing a testimonial sensibility when listening to marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effect on assessment of ‘translating’ paper and pencil test items into their computer equivalents. Computer versions of a set of mathematics questions derived from the paper-based end of key stage 2 and 3 assessments in England were administered to age appropriate pupil samples, and the outcomes compared. Although in most cases the change to the different medium seems to make little difference, for some items the affordances of the computer profoundly affect how the question is attempted, and therefore what is being assessed when the item is used in a test. These differences are considered in terms of validity and legitimacy, that is whether the means used to answer a question in a particular medium are appropriate to the assessment intention. The conclusion is not only that translating paper and pencil items into the computer format sometimes undermines their validity as assessments, it is also that some paper and pencil items are less valid as assessments than their computer equivalents would be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Developments in information and communication technologies have enabled electronic health and seen a huge expansion over the last decade. This has increased the possibility of self-management of health issues. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of the Baby Buddy app on maternal self-efficacy and mental well-being three months post-birth in a sample of mothers recruited antenatally. In addition, to explore when, why and how mothers use the app and consider any benefits the app may offer them in relation to their parenting, health, relationships or communication with their child, friends, family members or health professionals. Methods: We will use a mixed-methods approach, a cohort study, a qualitative element and analysis of in-app data. Participants will be first-time pregnant women, aged 16 years and over, between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation and recruited from five English study sites. Evaluation plan: We will compare maternal self-efficacy and mental health at three months post-delivery in mothers who have downloaded the Baby Buddy app compared with those that have not downloaded the app, controlling for confounding factors. Women will be recruited antenatally between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation. Further follow-ups will take place at 35 weeks of gestation and three months post-birth. Data from the cohort study will be supplemented by in-app data that will include, for example, patterns of usage. Qualitative data will assess the impact of the app on the lives of pregnant women and health professionals using both focus groups and interviews. Ethics: Approval from the West Midlands-South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (NRES) (16/WM/0029) and the University of the West of England, Bristol, Research Ethics Committee (HAS.16.08.001). Dissemination: Findings of the study will be published in peer reviewed and professional journals, presented locally, nationally and at international conferences. Participants will receive a summary of the findings and the results will be published on Best Beginnings' website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traces the evolution of paper money in England. Circulation of fiduciary orders; Carolean paper orders; Promissory notes; Bills of exchange; Emergence of assignability; Earliest checks; Printing of money by the Bank of England.

Background: Pain is the most common symptom in patients with neoplasm. It is a distressing experience that seriously destructs the quality-of-life of patients, with a high prevalence in clinical observations. However, only a few studies have applied bibliometric methods to analyze systematic works on the comorbidity of cancer and pain. Purpose: The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic analysis of the scientific studies worldwide on the comorbidity of cancer and pain in 2010– 2019. Methods: The Web of Science databases were searched for publications related to the comorbidity of cancer and pain from 2010 to 2019. Results: A total of 3,423 papers met the inclusion criteria in this research. The increase in the quantity of papers presented a significant growth from 2010 to 2019 (P< 0.001) by linear regression analysis. The research subject categories of the 3,423 papers mainly concentrated on oncology (28.57%), clinical neurology (25.62%), and healthcare science services (15.89%). The US had the highest number of published papers, followed by the People's Republic of China, and England. According to scientific statistics, breast cancer (20.36%) was by far the most predominant topic in the papers related to the comorbidity of cancer and pain. Conclusion: This bibliometric research provided a framework for visual and quantitative research to management scholars in favor of exploring a potential field related to hot issue and research frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare expert assessment with bibliometric indicators as tools to assess the quality and importance of scientific research papers. Methods and Materials: Shortly after their publication in 2005, the quality and importance of a cohort of nearly 700 Wellcome Trust (WT) associated research papers were assessed by expert reviewers; each paper was reviewed by two WT expert reviewers. After 3 years, we compared this initial assessment with other measures of paper impact. Results: Shortly after publication, 62 (9%) of the 687 research papers were determined to describe at least a 'major addition to knowledge' -6 were thought to be 'landmark' papers. At an aggregate level, after 3 years, there was a strong positive association between expert assessment and impact as measured by number of citations and F1000 rating. However, there were some important exceptions indicating that bibliometric measures may not be sufficient in isolation as measures of research quality and importance, and especially not for assessing single papers or small groups of research publications. Conclusion: When attempting to assess the quality and importance of research papers, we found that sole reliance on bibliometric indicators would have led us to miss papers containing important results as judged by expert review. In particular, some papers that were highly rated by experts were not highly cited during the first three years after publication. Tools that link expert peer reviews of research paper quality and importance to more quantitative indicators, such as citation analysis would be valuable additions to the field of research assessment and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granger causality provides a framework that uses predictability to identify causation between time series variables. This is important to policymakers for effective policy management and recommendations. Granger causality is recognized as the primary advance on the causation problem. The objective of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of Granger causality publications indexed in the Web of Science database. Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer were used for performance analysis and science mapping. The first paper indexed was published in 1981 and there has been an upward trend in the annual publication of Granger causality studies which are shifting towards the areas of environmental science, energy, and economics. Most of the publications are articles and proceeding papers under the areas of business economics, environmental science ecology, and neurosciences/neurology. China has the highest number of publications while the United States has the highest number of citations. England has the highest citation impact. This paper also constructed country co-authorship, co-analysis of cited references, cited sources, and cited authors, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword overlay visualization maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research discussed in this paper was prompted by the writer's interest in the roles of England's small country ("market") towns. It has two aims: first, to discover the extent to which the work programmes announced in the British government's Rural White Paper (RWP 2000) (DETR-MAFF 2000) are recognised by town clerks, and second, to find out what town councils are doing, either on their own, or with others, and to gauge the potential and desire that they have for a greater degree of autonomy. In both cases the data was gathered from an online questionnaire sent to town clerks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the entanglement of democracy and social justice in education and the relationship to social mobility, this paper critiques the individualising nature of social mobility in policy discourse as inimical to human flourishing and education as a public good. The rhetoric of social mobility which responsibilises individuals for their success, without due regard to the systemic changes needed to enable this and the societal barriers to social mobility experienced disproportionately by some groups in society, is detrimental to social justice. A conception of education as a pathway to social mobility must be located in a wider vision of civic engagement in a more inclusive and fairer society. Yet civic engagement in education at the local level has been eroded, as illustrated in this paper by the example of an evolving model of school governance in England. As a corporatist, market driven reform, this model exemplifies how local democratic ties between schools and engagement with their communities can be undermined. Social mobility to enable opportunities, access and participation in democratic civic society becomes a fantasy when society is riven with systemic inequalities, lacks the necessary conditions to enable human flourishing and links to community engagement in education for democratic renewal are downplayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of third international conference held by the Institute of Paper Conservation in Manchester, England, in 1992. The talk "Old Master Prints and Drawings--An Art-Historical Survey of Collecting and of Preservation Methods," delivered by Carlo James, is drawn from his own book on the subject. Peter Bower's paper discusses the controversial area of current practice and produces evidence that inlaying and overcleaning of papers can destroy historical evidence.

The article discusses the closure of local paper "Chronicle and Echo" in Northampton, England. It narrates that the National Union of Journalists has demanded a better mileage rate for old Beetles and Minis around the villages of Northamptonshire from general manager Bill Rodgers. Rodgers lamented about missing out on real journalism with the freedom to write about the people and events in hometown.

In their letter to the Editor in this issue, Kolstoe and Carpenter challenge a core aspect of our recently published case study of research approvals [BMC Medical Ethics 20:7] by arguing that we conflate research ethics with governance and funding processes. Amongst the key concerns of the authors are: 1) that our paper exemplifies a typical conflation of concepts such as governance, integrity and ethics, with significant consequences for claims around the responsibility and accountability of the organisations involved; 2) that, as a consequence of this conflation, we misrepresent the ethics review process, including in fundamental aspects such as the ethics approval-opinion distinction; 3) that it is difficult to see scope for greater integration of processes such as applying for funding, research approvals, Patient and Public Involvement, etc., as suggested by us. Here we present an alternative point of view towards the concerns raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper is a reflection upon the research findings of Rebecca Allen and Anne West in relation to religious schools in London. While welcoming this contribution to the systematic study of faith schools (a neglected area of empirical inquiry), the paper argues that the use of 'religious schools' as a unitary category is problematic for the analysis. It also suggests that certain historical and cultural contextual knowledge is required when analysing the characteristics of different categories of religious schools. This response is intended to be helpful for future researchers into the different types of faith school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to overview the main topics discussed in the academic papers related to public policies and corporate sustainability. Based on the literature, our scope is to set up a framework for future research on public policies and corporate sustainability by constructing bibliometric networks. The study will evidence the authors with some of the most important research in this field, based on the citations of their papers, and the countries with the highest number of publications and citations. Through the VOSviewer software we studied the topic of corporate sustainability and public policy based on keywords, citations, geographical distribution, and authorship. After observing 289 papers indexed in Web of Science, we found as frequent keywords corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, performance, management, legitimacy, or disclosure. The highest number of papers were published in American Journals, but also in England, Australia and Canada, but the most cited papers were the American and Canadian ones. Finally, T. Sueyoshi and M. E. Porter are the most cited authors for papers on corporate sustainability and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the research on successful school principalship carried out in England over the last 20 years. Drawing on evidence synthesized from the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) and related English school leadership research conducted by ISSPP scholars, this review aims to answer a conceptual research question: How do the principalship's moral purposes and contextual understanding shape the time-sensitive, informed adoption of combinations and accumulations of strategies that lead to sustained school success? This paper identifies five research insights derived from case studies in England and elaborates on the complex, values-led layered web of interactions between the school principal and key stakeholders within and outside the school in the context of frequent social changes and policy interventions in England. Whilst the pace has been greater and more intense than in many other countries, the direction has been, and remains, similar. The body of scholarship here reviewed engages with national policies as filtered and then enacted by successful principals. While 'effective' principals lead to students' success as measured by performance on national tests and examinations, our focus is upon an empirically founded definition of 'successful' school leadership that is located in complexity theory and encompasses the enactment of the core purposes of education that include but go beyond the functional. In doing so, it avoids 'what to do' formulae and the limitations of certain theoretical 'leadership' models, finding that successful school leaders' work embodies a broader humanistic view of student learning and achievement, which implies the preordinance of the personal over the functional. Taken together, these research insights contribute to the ISSPP's continued effort to refine and advance the knowledge base of successful school leadership within and across different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) and general practice are increasingly adopting digital services. These services can impact both positively and negatively upon patient experiences, and access to digital services is not equal amongst all groups. Within a wider project examining digital facilitation (the Di-Facto study) our team conducted a patient survey amongst English primary care practices aiming to investigate patient views of what supports uptake and use of web-based services. This paper reports on the analysis of the free-text responses from the patient survey. Methods: The Di-Facto patient survey was distributed to practices in eight clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England between 2021–2022. We examined free-text responses to two questions relating to access to primary care web-based and support for web-based services. We used qualitative reflexive thematic analysis based on a six-stage process to analyse responses. Results: Of the 3051 patients who responded to the Di-Facto survey, 2246 provided a free-text response. We present our findings in two major themes: systems and structures and their impact on use of web-based services, and 'what works for me', a description of how respondents described what worked, or did not work in terms of their interactions with web-based services. Respondents described how the technology, such as poor practice website design, confusion over multiple digital apps, data security and concerns about eConsultation offerings impacted on use of web-based services. Respondents described practice level barriers, such as a lack of or inconsistent provision, which prevented optimal use of web-based services. Respondents described personal and technical barriers that impacted on their use of digital services, and described which web-based services worked well for them. Respondents felt that web-based services were not a replacement for face-to-face interactions with a doctor. Conclusions: This analysis of free-text responses from a large patient survey highlights the system, practice, and person level barriers and facilitators to use of digital services in primary care. With an increasing push towards digital solutions in NHS primary care, practices should consider the design, rollout and communication of their web-based services to support patient access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the study which explored the learning and teaching of the topics of climate change, sustainability and disaster risk reduction in secondary-level teacher education programs in England and Japan. Through interviewing teacher educators, the study particularly probed how teacher education programs used local knowledge and collaboration in discussing the above topics. Geography tends to be the main subject area for these global agendas, but its crammed curriculum is "an ongoing challenge" for teacher education. Some researchers demonstrate that university-based initial teacher education has "ignored" training teachers on how to implement environmental and sustainability education at schools. Besides, the inquiries into how initial teacher education equips geography teachers for the learning and teaching of disaster risk reduction are still scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by bringing together the fields of geography education, climate change and sustainability education, disaster risk reduction education and initial teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1998, a review for the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (the predecessor of the Food Standards Agency) was published evaluating the relative merits of different dietary assessment methods against a series of factors likely to affect compliance or accuracy in low-income households. The review informed the design of a method comparison study carried out in London, UK, in 2001, in which the validity and acceptability of 4 d dietary assessment methods based on 24 h recalls, food checklists and a semi-weighed method were compared with 4 d weighed inventories and other reference measures. Results were based on observations in 384 respondents (159 males, 225 females) aged 2-90 years in 240 households. Outcomes of the comparison study included evaluations of each method made by respondents, interviewers and researchers. These findings were used in the present paper to update and extend the 1998 review. Additional factors not included in the 1998 review have been considered. This updated and extended review provides the basis for discussion of the relative merits of approaches to dietary assessment in low-income households in developed economies. The evidence presented here and elsewhere suggests that the 24 h recall is the method best suited for dietary assessment in low-income households, followed by the weighed inventory, food checklist and lastly the semi-weighed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper referred to is ‘The Future of Data Analysis,’ published in 1962. Many authors have discussed it, notably Peter Huber, who in 1995 reviewed the period starting with Hotelling's 1940 article ‘The Teaching of Statistics.’ I extend the scope of Huber's remarks by considering also the period before 1940 and developments since 1995. I ask whether statistics is a science and suggest that to attract bright students to our subject, we need to show them the excitement and rewards of applied work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) applied for prostate cancer (PCa) has been one of the most important and hottest research fields over recent decades. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots of EBRT in PCa and help the researchers have a clear and intuitive reference basis for later researches. Methods: The literature scientometric analysis related to "EBRT applied for PCa" was conducted via the Web of Science Core Collection from 2010 to 2019. The Microsoft Office Excel 2019 and CiteSpace V. 5.7.R1 software were introduced for visualizing and analyzing the data. Results: A total of 7860 relevant papers were extracted and downloaded. A total of 7828 papers were extracted and analyzed after data cleansing by CiteSpace. The tendency of published papers was comprehensively increasing from 2010 to 2019. Among all 73 countries/regions, USA published the most papers, accounting for 39%, which was the most active contributor with most publications. Australia (Centrality: 0.18), England (Centrality: 0.12) were cooperating most cohesively with other countries. Univ Toronto was the most productive institute (229), while Harvard Univ (Centrality: 0.67) had extensive collaborations with other institutes. The International journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics had the largest number of publications and the highest number of co‐citations. Briganti A had the largest volume of publications. D'Amico AV had the highest number of co‐citations. Four latest and largest clusters were identified as oligometastases, salvage therapy (SRT), prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and hypofractionation. Thirteen references became strongest burst citations lasting until 2019. The studies of "oligometastases," "SRT," "PSMA," "hypofractionation," "postoperative radiotherapy," and "dose and fraction regimen changes" were prevailing in the recent years. Conclusion: The "oligometastases," "SRT," "PSMA," "hypofractionation," "postoperative radiotherapy," and "dose and fraction regimen changes" may be the state‐of‐art research frontiers, and related studies will advance in this field over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work in early modern English collecting and bookbinding has shown the extent to which readers viewed books as malleable collections rather than unified totalities. This essay expands our understanding of these practices by examining a series of volumes collected and bound during the second half of the seventeenth century. These volumes show texts transformed by their proximity to other, often incongruous imprints, as well as readers registering their own presence amidst the chaotic print world of Civd War England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial reports on the 2006 MRS (Market Research Society) Annual Conference, held at the London Barbican centre. The conference examined the role of blogs and blogging in market research. The conference also centered on the importance of word of mouth in market research. The article also previews the papers contained in the issue including one by Cramphorn on how to measure advertising effectiveness and another by Johnston and Harris about whether respondents in surveys are statistically different than those people that do not respond.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including methodology and innovation in the mixed jurisdictions, traditional African concept of ubuntu, and development of English common law.

An essay is presented on the poem "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes," by Thomas Gray, and a china tub owned by intellectual Horace Walpole. It comments on Walpole's home, Strawberry Hill, in Twickenham, London, England. The author examines Walpole's collecting and his Glass Closet, a section in his library. She also considers the book "Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray," by artist Richard Bentley.

This paper presents the findings of a national survey of over 3400 teachers across all phases of education in England, 10 weeks into school closure. In this paper we report on the teachers' experiences and their testimonies of the effects of the lockdown on their wellbeing as they navigate the situation, trying to cope with teaching and adjusting to the use of new technology to deliver lessons in the confines of their home. We present their voices as they related their experiences and emotions in real time as the event unfolded. Teachers reported an increased workload with a proportionately large amount of time spent on administrative duties and planning, but less on actual teaching. On average, these teachers spent 15 h a week marking during the lockdown. Under half of the respondents said they felt happy and cheerful often, while only 17% said they did not feel this way often. Almost all teachers said they felt that what they were doing was important and worthwhile. The most common emotions expressed by teachers were fear, isolation, neglect, anxiety, and confusion. The inconsistency and lack of clarity of government guidelines added to teachers' anxiety. The negative media portrayal of teachers did not help. The majority of teachers reported little previous experience in online teaching and only a quarter were confident in using edtech to deliver remote teaching. Only a third of teachers said they were adequately supported for online teaching. This has implications for future teacher development and initial teacher training. However, there were equally numerous positive experiences reported by teachers. Active support from parents and consistent school-home communication were seen as important in ensuring students' continued engagement with learning. These lessons are beneficial in supporting the long-term sick and school refusers post-lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to gain consensus among young people with a stoma due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the priorities for the content of an intervention for the self‐management of stoma‐related distress. The current identification and management of distress in young people with a stoma is often suboptimal in clinical settings and there is a need for improved support resources. Methods: Two consensus group meetings were carried out via online video conferencing, using nominal group technique. Participants generated, rated on a Likert scale and discussed, topics for inclusion in a future self‐management intervention. Results: Nineteen young people, aged 19–33, with a stoma due to IBD took part in one of two group meetings. Participants were located across England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Twenty‐nine topics were generated by participants, seven of which reached consensus of ≥80%, that is, a mean of ≥5.6 on a 7‐point Likert scale. These were: receiving advice from young people with lived experience of stoma surgery; advice on/addressing concerns about romantic relationships, sex and intimacy; information about fertility and pregnancy related to stoma surgery; stoma 'hacks', for example, useful everyday tips regarding clothing, making bag changes easier and so forth; reflecting on and recognising own emotional response to surgery; tips on managing the stoma during the night; and processing trauma related to the illness and surgery journey. Conclusions: Findings extend previous research on young people's experiences of stoma surgery, by generating consensus on young people's priorities for managing distress related to surgery and living with a stoma. These priorities include topics not previously reported in the literature, including the need for information about fertility and pregnancy. Findings will inform the development of a self‐management resource for young people with an IBD stoma and have relevance for the clinical management of stoma‐related distress in this population. Patient or Public Contribution: Three patient contributors are co‐authors on this paper, having contributed to the study design, interpretation of results and writing of the manuscript. The study's Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement advisory group also had an integral role in the study. They met with the research team for four 2‐h virtual meetings, giving input on the aims and purpose of the study, recruitment methods, and interpretation of findings. The group also advised on the age range for participants. The views of young people with a stoma are the central component of the study reported in this paper, which aims to gain consensus among young people with an IBD stoma on their priorities for the content of a resource to self‐manage distress related to stoma surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking its cue from recent government advice on design, and referring back to previously published work on the history of design control, this paper reviews the state of urban design in contemporary planning practice in England. It focuses primarily upon more recent development since 1985 through the Conservatives' Quality Initiatives, New Labour's Urban Renaissance, and an unprecedented flow of design advice (from CABE). It asks a rhetorical question: is 'good design indivisible from good planning' as government policy now proclaims, or does it remain largely invisible by virtue of a potent mix of political short-termism, economic imperatives and low skill levels. The paper reflects on the evolution of design control practices from obsession with elevations through to broader notions of urban design and the public realm, place making and now the pursuit of sustainable urban forms. It reflects on the relatively new consensus about appropriate urban design principles and practices, and the widening scope of government advice. However, it questions whether the majority of local councils are adequately committed to positive planning and proactive development management, and whether local planning authorities have the resources, skills and policy/guidance frameworks to deliver the high-quality, sustainable urban design and place making to which central government now aspires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the validated outcome instrument quality of life in hip revision with impacted morselized allograft bone and cemented Exeter prosthesis compared to primary hip replacement in England. Outcomes of hip revision; Indication of the Nottingham Health Profile scores after revision; Duration of the primary cemented hip replacement.

Background: The National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) was commissioned by NHS England in 2016 and rolled out in three 'waves' across the whole of England. It aims to help people with raised blood glucose levels reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes through behaviour change techniques (e.g., weight loss, dietary changes and exercise). An independent, longitudinal, mixed methods evaluation of the NHS DPP was undertaken. We report the findings from the implementation work package: a qualitative interview study with designated local leads, responsible for the local commissioning and implementation of the programme. The aim of the study was to explore how local implementation processes were enacted and adapted over time. Methods: We conducted a telephone interview study across two time-points. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews with local leads across 19 sampled case sites were undertaken between October 2019 and January 2020 and 13 interviews with local leads across 13 sampled case sites were conducted between July 2020 and August 2020. Interviews aimed to reflect on the experience of implementation and explore how things changed over time. Results: We identified four overarching themes to show how implementation was locally enacted and adapted across the sampled case sites: 1. Adapting to provider change; 2. Identification and referral; 3. Enhancing uptake in underserved populations; and 4. Digital and remote service options. Conclusion: This paper reports how designated local leads, responsible for local implementation of the NHS DPP, adapted implementation efforts over the course of a changing national diabetes prevention programme, including how local leads adapted implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper highlights three main factors that influence implementation: the importance of facilitation, the ability (or not) to tailor interventions to local needs and the role of context in implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is an attempt to examine the recent status and development of scientific studies on the use of machine learning algorithms to model air pollution challenges. This study uses the Web of Science database as a primary search engine and covers over 900 highly peer-reviewed articles in the period 1990–2022. Papers published on these topics were evaluated using the VOSViewer and biblioshiny software to identify and visualize significant authors, key trends, nations, research publications, and journals working on these issues. The findings show that research grew exponentially after 2012. Based on the survey, "particulate matter" is the highly occurring keyword, followed by "prediction". Papers published by Chinese researchers have garnered the most citations (2421), followed by papers published in the United States of America (2256), and England (722). This study assists scholars, professionals, and global policymakers in understanding the current status of the research contribution on "air pollution and machine learning" as well as identifying the relevant areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual perception is a dynamic process of perceiving the environment through sensory input and transforming sensory input into meaningful concepts related to environmental visual knowledge. Many studies focusing on the role of visual perception after stroke have been published in various journals. However, a bibliometric analysis in the domain of visual perception after stroke is still lacking. This study aimed to deliver a visual analysis to analyze the global trends in research on the role of visual perception after stroke in the last 10 years. Methods: The literature was derived from the Web of Science core collection database from 2012 to 2021. The collected material was limited to English articles and reviews. CiteSpace and Microsoft Excel were used for bibliographic analysis. Results: A total of 298 articles were included in the analysis. The annual number of publications increased from 23 to 42 in the last decade. Rehabilitation was the main research hotspot (n = 85). Journal of Physical Therapy Science published the largest number of papers (n = 14). The most influential author, institution, and country were Rowe FJ (n = 17), League of European Research Universities (n = 45), and England (n = 54), respectively. The keywords with the longest burst period are field defect, hemineglect, disorder, and quality of life. Conclusion: This study analyzes the papers on the role of visual perception after stroke in the past 10 years and provides a new perspective for research in this field. At present, the number of articles in this field is not large and the cooperation network is not close enough. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation among various countries, institutions, and authors. In addition, large samples and randomized controlled trials are needed to identify the potential treatments and pathophysiology for visual perceptual impairment after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The MODEM project (A comprehensive approach to MODelling outcome and costs impacts of interventions for DEMentia) explores how changes in arrangements for the future treatment and care of people living with dementia, and support for family and other unpaid carers, could result in better outcomes and more efficient use of resources.Methods: MODEM starts with a systematic mapping of the literature on effective and (potentially) cost-effective interventions in dementia care. Those findings, as well as data from a cohort, will then be used to model the quality of life and cost impacts of making these evidence-based interventions more widely available in England over the period from now to 2040. Modelling will use a suite of models, combining microsimulation and macrosimulation methods, modelling the costs and outcomes of care, both for an individual over the life-course from the point of dementia diagnosis, and for individuals and England as a whole in a particular year. Project outputs will include an online Dementia Evidence Toolkit, making evidence summaries and a literature database available free to anyone, papers in academic journals and other written outputs, and a MODEM Legacy Model, which will enable local commissioners of services to apply the model to their own populations.Discussion: Modelling the effects of evidence-based cost-effective interventions and making this information widely available has the potential to improve the health and quality of life both of people with dementia and their carers, while ensuring that resources are used efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Institute for Paper Conservation in England in April 1986. Session topics centered on several aspects of the conservation of paper. Working papers presented at the seminar on Computer Applications and Information Sources in Paper Conservation include that of Gwyneth Miles of Victoria & Albert Museum.

We explored what authors allegedly do and why, when invited to revise and resubmit manuscripts to refereed journals. Based on responses from 249 business and management scholars from the UK and USA, we found that authors preferred to resubmit to the original journal, whether the required revision was minor or major, and that under certain circumstances other options would be considered: submitting to alternative journals, sometimes without revising at all; discarding the paper; or challenging the editor. Experience in publishing was found to be an important moderator. As to ‘why’ they purport to do so, a classification of qualitative responses yielded a matrix of four optional strategies, grouped along two axes: rationale (instrumental reasoning versus ethical reasoning) and agency (individually centred reasoning versus community-centred reasoning). Most responses were located in the instrumental/self-centred quadrant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the genetically-modified bacteria BacillaFilla developed by students at Newcastle University in England to join together concrete cracks in structures.

This study of the 1973 Local Government Election in England and Wales shows that the position of a canal/date's name on the ballot paper can have an important effect in terms of the number of votes which he receives. In particular the lower-placed members of each party are quite seriously disadvantaged. Investigation into the relationship between this positional effect and other aspects of the election show that it occurs quite generally. A simple model is formulated which attempts to explain the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the very beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the act of loading shopping carts more than usual materialized as a sensible choice for most shoppers. Yet, stockpiling was constructed in parallel to the social pathologizing of so-called panic buying. Panic buyers emerged as supermarket "loose cannons" who seemed to create an "indecorous" spectacle out of what is usually considered an unremarkable act of everyday life. In this context, through the disjunctive comparison of experiences of grocery shopping in Italy and England, this paper looks at material cultures of preparedness and moral cosmologies of everyday consumption as they acquired social salience during the first few months of the Covid-19 pandemic (from March to June 2020). The rupture of everydayness allowed to appreciate the ritualistic aspects of grocery shopping and highlight their role in the temporal, social and moral ordering of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There has been limited research on why football clubs contribute to charity. This paper examines how football clubs and their charitable conduits report information when discussing their connectedness. In addition, it explores reasons why, and the extent to which, football clubs support altruism via such charitable vehicles. Design/methodology/approach: Case studies of four major football teams (Manchester City/Manchester United in England and AC Milan/Inter Milan in Italy) are discussed, with formal reports of the clubs and their associated charitable conduits being analysed. Findings: Boundaries between the clubs and their charitable conduits are frequently blurred. Evidence suggests that acknowledging the co-existence of different factors may help to understand what is reported by these organisations and address some of the caveats in terms of autonomy and probity of their activities and reporting practices. Research limitations/implications: The research uses case studies of four major 'powerhouses' of the game and their associated charitable spinoffs. While this is innovative and novel, expanding the research to investigate more clubs and their charitable endeavours would allow greater generalisations. Practical implications: The study provides material that can be used to reflect on the very topical subject of 'sportswashing'. This has the potential to input to deliberations relating to the future governance of the game. Originality/value: The paper explores relationships between businesses and charities/nonprofits in a sector so far little investigated from a charitable accountability perspective. It suggests that motives for engaging in charitable activity and highlighting such engagement may extend beyond normal altruism or warm-glow emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of research suggests that bilingualism is possible and perhaps even advantageous for autistic individuals. However, several factors might influence parents' decisions about raising their autistic child bilingually, including national language policies, educational contexts, advice received from key professionals, and the child's individual strengths and needs. Accordingly, there is a clear imperative to understand how the views of different stakeholders converge and diverge when language decisions are made in the context of autism. This paper brings new insights by synthesising the findings of three qualitative studies that used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the perspectives and experiences of bilingual autistic children (n = 11), parents (n = 16), and educational practitioners (n = 13) of bilingualism in autism in England and Wales. Despite wide variation between and within groups, a striking tension emerged between individuals' beliefs about bilingualism in general, which were positive, and their experiences of bilingualism in autism specifically, which often foregrounded more monolingual approaches. This paper examines this tension, with a particular focus on stakeholders' attitudes towards the feasibility of bilingualism, families' language choices in the context of autism, and how notions of contextual linguistic diversity accentuated differences between England and Wales. We conclude by arguing that greater awareness of both bilingualism and neurodiversity in educational and clinical settings may improve the experiences of bilingual autistic children and, crucially, the language advice families receive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]