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Copyright of Psychosocial Intervention is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the Shared Care Youth Transition Initiative introduced by British Colombia health organization Doctors of BC and the Ministry of Health to address recommendations of the 2012 policy paper "Closing the Gap," on the needs of chronic care youth as they transition to adulthood. Topics covered include the survival rate of youth with chronic health conditions and disabilities, negative impacts of lack of transition planning and preparation, and the development of the approach.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For indigenous peoples, recovering from colonial rule and aspiring to flourish, the revival of traditional decision making (TDM) is considered essential. However, transitioning from established colonial practices to TDMs is not well understood. In this paper we identify some of the challenges experienced by a First Nation urban community in the north east of British Columbia as they have tried to develop and implement a culturally-relevant child and family-centered traditional decision-making (TDM) process in the context of government-regulated child protection system. Specifically, we problematize a collaborative decision-making strategy--Family Group Conferencing (FGC). FGCs are premised on values of collaboration, participation, and empowerment, and because this strategy shares many of the values and aspirations of Traditional Decision-Making (TDM), there is a temptation to directly download and incorporate FGCs into the TDM model. In this paper we explore five challenges that warrant particular attention in developing TDM model in this contemporary context: 1) power, 2) cultural adaptability, 3) family support and prevention, 4) coordinator "neutrality", and 5) sustainable support. We conclude with eight recommendations to overcome these challenges while developing TDMs in a child protection context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secure attachment has been consistently associated with positive outcomes for children. The complex and intergenerational trauma resulting from colonialism that Aboriginal people in Canada have suffered may threaten the development of secure attachment. Using a case example drawn from social work practice, this paper proposes that Aboriginal children who are insecurely attached and traumatized present particular treatment needs. There is little prior research addressing the treatment needs of insecurely attached Aboriginal children in out-of-home care. Further, in provincial and territorial child welfare agencies Aboriginal children are overwhelmingly in the substitute care of non-Aboriginal caregivers. This paper looks to attachment theory for a treatment approach within these cross-cultural relationships. Attachment theory has shown that the attachment styles of children can be reliably predicted at a rate of 75 percent by looking to those of their caregivers. Additionally, children have been shown to be capable of developing multiple attachment styles in response to the attachment styles of the adults with whom they are in caregiving relationships. Thus, given the strong influence of caregiver attachment on the attachment styles of children, it is compelling to look at the potential impact of the attachment styles of substitute caregivers on the children in their care. This paper proposes that in provincial or territorial child welfare it may be necessary to promote substitute caregivers who are securely attached and to acknowledge the context of trauma within which these children and caregivers are striving for well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initial appointment nonattendance is a serious problem for paediatric mental health services in Canada. In this paper, we report a research proposal designed to test whether a theory-based intervention can increase first-time attendance rates in paediatric mental health clinics. A mixed method approach is proposed to understand beliefs about initial appointments and nonattendance. We propose semi-structured interviews with parents/guardians, focus groups with children and youth, and a postal survey of parents and children in order to administer our intervention. The intervention is theoretically guided by the idea of Implementation Intentions, or 'if-then' plans. While results are not yet available, it is expected that the use of a theory-based, low-cost intervention will increase attendance at initial child mental health appointments. In this paper, we aim to encourage researchers and clinicians to consider the use of theory-driven interventions in their work in mental health. Theoretically-guided research may allow us to prospectively identify children and youth at greater risk of missing their initial appointment and thereby target them with measures to improve attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins with a description of the socio-cultural heterogeneity of Canada and of its population, with particular reference to children. The role of federal-provincial government relations within the social service and child welfare systems is discussed, as well as the specific responsibilities and contributions of each level of government. The structure of provincial child welfare systems, the principles and procedures which guide them, and a number of their programs (adoption, foster care, residential or institutional care, and permanency planning) are then described. The organization of services in the province of Quebec, child abuse, and Native children are treated as special cases within this framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little attention has been given to the experiences of refugee families parenting a child living with disabilities as they resettle in a new country. Using narrative inquiry, we inquired into the experiences of two Syrian refugee families' identity-making and agency in their efforts to secure services and programs for their children in Canada. We drew on field texts composed over two years that we spent alongside the children and their parents. The families experienced multiple and complex difficulties as they attempted to recompose their lives alongside their children. We identified multiple tensions and bumping places as the parents negotiated their and their children's experiences on school and other institutional landscapes. The families' stories showed the importance of using their experiences as the starting point for creating inclusive spaces for their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the cultural significance of childcare services. The author examines the links between childcare services and gender equality in feminist discourse, specifically focusing on the view of free twenty-four-hour day care as a key element of women's liberation. The author claims that childcare programs in Canada and the United States are severely underdeveloped, since they are seen as a private family problem in these countries. The economic aspects of expanded childcare and early childhood development services are analyzed.

This paper explores the city-childcare connection. It analyzes licensed childcare spaces in Winnipeg, finding that inequity characterizes the distribution of childcare in all neighbourhoods. Poorer and more Aboriginal neighbourhoods are particularly disadvantaged, having less access and fewer services than more affluent and suburban areas. Overall, the distribution of spaces and services reveals systemic dysfunctions in the current childcare architecture. This failure is multi-scalar: while experienced at the local level, the originating causes are with higher orders of government. Urban justice is denied by childcare policy and delivery that reproduces and compounds neighbourhood dis/advantage. The conclusion problematizes both voluntary sector reliance and local political inaction, each of which carries implications for planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of the Gyro International Club social organization in relation to municipal playground development and urban reform in Edmonton, Alberta between 1921 and 1944. According to the article, Gyro Club playgrounds were intended to enrich urban childhood and build neighborly communities. It states that the male members of the Gyro Club in Edmonton, Alberta reproduced their own middle-class values through social relations. Child welfare reforms in Canada are examined.

Since the Second World War, the labour force participation of women has increased significantly in industrial countries. Various factors such as an increase in the age of marriage and/or child-bearing have contributed to this change in the participation rate of women. One factor has been the increased willingness of mothers of pre-school children to have someone else care for them during working hours. The determinants of this demand for day care have not, however, been examined in detail. We are aware of only one study (Robins and Speigelman, 1978) that addresses this issue. This may be due to the lack of data. However, the recent availability of data collected in a survey undertaken in 1981 by Statistics Canada made it possible to examine the determinants of the demand for day care in Canada, thus allowing us to contribute additional evidence to an area little studied up to date.
This analysis focuses on the determinants of the demand for child care services. This demand, however, is usually the result of a mother's decision to participate in activities outside the home, particularly the decision to participate in the labour force. Hence, when discussing the determinants of the demand for child care, one is also examining, in part, the decision to participate in the labour force. The choice between care in a day care centre and care in a home being distinguished will also be examined.
This paper is divided as follows. In Section I, the analytical framework is established and the major factors that influence the demand for child care services are discussed. In Section II, the data and the variables used in the estimations of the model are specified. In Section III, the empirical results are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous children are overrepresented in child protection systems in the United States and to an even greater degree in Canada. Canada has recently passed federal child welfare legislation, Bill C-92, with the goal of affirming the rights of Indigenous Peoples and establishing guidelines with respect to child and family services for Indigenous children. The aim of this article is to contribute to ongoing discussions about the recently passed Canadian legislation, drawing on lessons learned in the United States context. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), passed in the United States in 1978, has created a legislative paradigm, which in some cases has been bolstered by statelevel provisions. The ICWA can provide helpful lessons to consider in Canada as the new legislation is implemented and amended over time. Specifically, we examine elements of the ICWA related to accessibility and compliance with the law, along with deeper analysis of state-level statutes related to adoption provisions in light of the phenomenon of transracial adoption of Indigenous children. As reactions to the Canadian federal law have been mixed, this policy analysis may be supportive of conversations regarding its further development, particularly related to funding and enforcement. On a broader level, considerations of Indigenous community jurisdiction over child and family policies within our discussion are relevant to various settler-colonial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how language and discourse have framed the issue of accountability in Indigenous child welfare devolution in Manitoba. Devolution has been officially presented by the province as a structure and process of collaborative governance - a form of governing that requires horizontal accountability among equal partners. Our examination of the accountability structures and processes reveals that, despite the rhetoric, there is continuing heavy insistence on vertical accountability to the provincial government. At best, the idea of collaborative governance is an illusion; at worst, it has serious negative impacts on Indigenous autonomy and on standards of accountability. Sommaire Cet article examine comment le langage et le discours ont formulé la question de la responsabilisation dans le transfert des responsabilités de la protection de l'enfance autochtone au Manitoba. Le transfert des responsabilités aux autorités locales a été officiellement présenté par la province comme une structure et un processus de gouvernance collaborative - une forme de gouvernance qui exige une responsabilisation horizontale entre partenaires égaux. Notre examen des structures et processus de responsabilisation révèle qu'en dépit de la rhétorique, on continue à insister lourdement sur la responsabilisation verticale envers le gouvernement provincial. Dans le meilleur des cas, l'idée de gouvernance collaborative est une illusion; au pire, elle a de sérieuses répercussions négatives sur l'autonomie des Autochtones et sur les normes de responsabilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we address the reformation of Ontario early learning. Over the next 3 years, all 4- and 5-year-olds in Ontario (Canada) will be able to attend full-day early learning with child care, before and after school provided by the Government of Ontario Ministry of Education. The benefits of such a change are both academic and societal and are built upon global research findings which have informed the process and the following discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study compares child welfare services provided to Aboriginal (Indian) and Caucasian children in Canada. The findings suggest that child welfare reports involving Aboriginal children are more likely to be classified as suspected or substantiated than reports for Caucasian children. Aboriginal children also are twice as likely to be placed in foster care. This overrepresentation in out-of-home placement is explained statistically by socioeconomic, child, parent, and maltreatment characteristics. In addition, these variables play a significant role in accounting for higher rates of case substantiation among Aboriginal children. These factors may reflect the multiple disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To describe the use of formal respite services among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Ontario and discuss the factors that may contribute to respite use and non-use. Methods A total of 468 caregivers were interviewed about their experience with formal respite services. Interviews were part of a larger cross-sectional study on caregiver health. Caregivers were asked about their knowledge of formal respite services; their use of formal respite services in the past year; financial implications relating to formal respite use; perceived barriers to formal respite service use; and reasons for not using formal respite services (if applicable). Results Nearly half (46%) of caregivers in the sample reported using respite services in the past year. Most of the caregivers who used respite services used more than one source of respite, had services provided in their home, often for less than 1 day, and reported using them more than six times. The most commonly cited reason for using formal respite services was for a planned break. Many factors influenced caregivers' use of formal respite services. Caregivers who had a child with a lower level of function, with multiple additional conditions, or who was male, were more likely to use formal respite services. Although over 90% of caregivers indicated that respite use is beneficial for both their family and child, over 60% reported facing many barriers while attempting to access respite services. Conclusion Results from this cross-sectional study indicate that caregivers who used respite services used them frequently for breaks from caregiving. Caregivers described facing many barriers while attempting to access respite services therefore to improve caregiver's experience with respite services, strategies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an astonishing amount of fraternal social work being done at the present time. In those Masonic Homes for children and in those for the aged there are over 6,000 individuals, who cost the fraternity over three million dollars per year. Millions of dollars are invested in these State Homes. The Shrine has approximately eight million dollars invested in hospitals for crippled children in different parts of the United States and Canada. These are maintained at a yearly expense of over a million dollars, raised by assessment of $2 per member. The Odd Fellows spend more than three million dollars yearly in relief work for 6,000 individuals. The Loyal Order of Moose cares for approximately 3 ,000 children, and also their aged and infirm, in institutions and in their own homes, at an approximate cost of two million dollars per year. This organization has a capital investment of over five million dollars. The Yeomen are caring for about 300 children and are considering a national home for the aged in California.

Background: The worldwide prevalence of depressive disorders among children and youth has been reported in ranges from just under 3% to over 10%. In Canada, 7% of youth report past year depression, which is higher than any other age demographic. Yet, many of these youth do not receive evidence based interventions, increasing their risk for serious lifetime consequences. To better understand low service use, it is crucial to map and evaluate current services. This study aimed to determine the scope and nature of services available to depressed children and youth, and compare services to best evidence treatment guidelines.Methods: Several government and non-government resources were utilized to develop a new multi-sectoral database of depression services for children and youth across Ontario. An online survey was sent to program managers serving children/youth with depression, examining agency characteristics, populations served, services provided, patterns of service use, evaluation activities, and research priorities.Results: 413 agencies with 869 program managers participated, representing mental health, addictions and other sectors. Age groups served included children up to 12 years of age (31%), adolescents aged 13-17 (70%) and transition aged youth (18-25 years) (81%). Over half of respondents worked in the mental health (43.4%) or mental health and addiction (24.4%) sectors. The most frequently provided services were assessment, psychotherapy, case management, and psychoeducation; the most common types of psychotherapy provided included cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, and solution-focused therapy. Psychotherapies are offered in widely varying formats, frequencies and durations. Discontinuation rates varied, with higher discontinuation among transition aged youth as compared to children. Respondents identified effective treatment, improving access, and reducing service gaps as top future research priorities.Conclusions: This study provides important new data on service provision and uptake for depressed children and youth. Comparing these results with best-evidence practice guidelines raises significant concerns about the services most commonly offered and their delivery formats. In addition, high early discontinuation rates raise questions about the service experiences of children, youth and their families. Other factors which may contribute to ongoing treatment engagement challenges include access barriers, service or client characteristics, and unintentional treatment impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the emotional considerations of the children with disabilities starting school in Canada. The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) is a nonprofit national agency with provincial divisions, supported by private donations and bequests, the United Way, and some federal and provincial funding. No fees are charged to clients. Services are early intervention, orientation and mobility instruction for preschoolers and preschool staff, and consultation with the parents; Braille programmes for parents so they can assist their blind children; and transportation allowances for needy parents to attend services outside their area. The British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Social Services and Housing funds the Infant Development Programmes which provide professional home visitation services for families with handicapped children up to the age of 3 years. The Ministry provides special funding in cases where a child care worker or special attendant is needed for preschool children and partial or complete subsidies for special-needs preschools and day care. The BC Children's Hospital Visually Impaired Programme provides multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up services in cooperation with all involved agencies. Our major need is for mandated government infant and preschool services and for increased funding for more intensive early intervention services by the CNIB.