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Science, Museums and Collecting the Indigenous Dead in Colonial Australia: By Paul Turnbull. The book's structure is chronological but has a focus on what Turnbull calls "the long nineteenth century" (14) when the collection of Indigenous remains was guided by often changing theoretical and intellectual interests. According to Turnbull, these activities resulted in the remains of approximately 6,000 Indigenous Australians being collected and sent to scientific institutions, first overseas and then to domestic museums. [Extracted from the article]

More than a decade of multi-actor conflict in Syria has resulted in a complex patchwork of legal identity documentation issued by state and non-state actors. This paper considers the legal identity practices pursued by the Kurdish-led Self Administration governing large swathes of territory in the north of the country. Specifically, the paper studies the forms of identity documentation the Self Administration does and does not provide to people present under its control. Beyond this, the paper focuses on how this system coexists with that of the central state, reflective of the Self Administration's broader approach of compromise combined with competition, to operate as a de facto authority respecting the overall sovereignty, yet challenging specific policies, of the central state. Against the backdrop of somewhat contradictory accusations of collaborating with the Syrian government and simultaneously seeking independence from it, the Self Administration has refrained from mimicking the state while expanding its own de facto 'jurisdictional subjecthood'. Practices of legal identity consequently help to elucidate necessary nuance in understanding the relations between the Self Administration and the government in Damascus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholars believe that Hadrian's city of Aelia Capitolina was unwalled, with free-standing gates marking the main entrances on the north, west, east, and south sides: on the north at the site of the modern Damascus Gate; on the east near the modern Lion's Gate; on the south at the end of the eastern cardo; and on the west near the modern Jaffa Gate. The legionary camp probably occupied all or part of the southwestern hill, while the civilian settlement was located to its north and east. In this paper, we argue that archaeological and epigraphic evidence as well as topographic considerations support an earlier suggestion that Hadrian's city of Aelia Capitolina was walled; specifically, the line of the Third Wall was rebuilt to serve as the north wall of Aelia Capitolina, and incorporated a monumental, Hadrianic arched gateway that preceded the erection of the circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the editors of I Urban Informatics and Future Cities i , "smart cities" is an outdated discussion given that most cities are now "smart" to an extent. Overall, the chapters explore new planning support systems, analysis techniques, and games, with many of the papers involving the use of big data and, of course, "smartness" evident here and there. [Extracted from the article]

While we can identify patterns from large pools of data, made possible by big data and digital technologies, using quantitative methods in this way only tells us the outcome (i.e. the most common routes people take) but not the I why i . Urban informatics and future cities: edited by S. C. M. Geertman, Christopher Pettit, Robert Goodspeed and Aija Staffans, Cham, Springer, 2021, 632 pp., GBP 159.50 (e-book). Overall, the chapters explore new planning support systems, analysis techniques, and games, with many of the papers involving the use of big data and, of course, "smartness" evident here and there. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyses the alliance between Syria and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the years 1970–1989. The relations between the two Arab powers were characterized by cooperation and support amid ideological and 'structural' differences. This was a stark contrast with the conflictual relations of the previous decade. The change was driven mainly by a reshaping in Syria's regional policy. The new 'realist' foreign policy imposed by Hafiz Al-Assad created an overlapping of interests between Syria and the KSA. Riyadh valued Syria's role in the region and used its support of Damascus vis-à-vis Israel as a tool to obtain domestic and regional legitimacy. On the other hand, Syria benefited from the KSA's generous economic and diplomatic help. This study will use an approach based on neoclassical realism to show how domestic and international factors led to these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute poisoning is a significant international public health issue and one of the leading causes of death in the emergency department (ED). In the absence of any previous reports describing the poisoning profile in Syria, we present this study to assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of poisoning over 21 years. We collected the data retrospectively from the Syrian Poisons Information Centre (SPIC) from January 1999 until December 2020. The data included patients who had accidental or non-accidental exposure to poisons, either by drugs, medicaments, and biological substances or substances chiefly nonmedicinal sources such as soaps and detergents, corrosive substances, pesticides, and other miscellaneous products. We collected the data of 120,972 poisoned patients, of whom 52.6% were females, and 47.4% were males. Aleppo governorate reported the highest number of poisoned cases (28.6%), followed by Damascus governorate (19.9%). The highest poisoning rates were recorded in 2020, 2014, and 2010. Pharmaceutical (37.0%) and animal (33.8%) sources were the most common causative agents. The oral route was the route of poisoning in 58.3% of patients, and 33.4% through the skin. The most common poison was scorpion stings 19.5% while the most common cause of death was organophosphates 15.7%. The differences in socioeconomic status, cultural habits, and agricultural and industrial activities between countries have led to a state of fluctuation regarding the most common poisoning agents. Damascus and Aleppo, the two major governorates in Syria, had the highest poisoning cases. Oral administration of pharmaceutical agents was responsible for most of the poisoning cases. The most common individual poison was the scorpion poison, while the top killer was organophosphates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the underlying Islamic guidelines and principles which dictated the building process in the Middle Eastern traditional built environment. It analyses a cluster of traditional houses in a residential quarter in Damascus, with the objectives of exploring the reciprocal effect between the physical form of the cluster and the social life that existed within it. It explores to what degree the settlement supports the social interactions of its residents and how the social life shaped the built environment. The second part of the paper studies several cases of new buildings replacing the traditional houses in the same quarter, with the objective of demonstrating the relationships between the building code, the new physical built environment and its influence on the social life within it. The goal of this paper is to establish a guideline for a new building code in Damascus, a sensitive approach with respect to physical and social requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Chandra further contends that many later development economists, although taking Young as their starting point, "misunderstood the basic message that increasing returns are facilitated in a well-functioning market, not in an anti-market framework" (120). Chapter 4, discussing Young's work on growth theory - a field in which he made a seminal contribution (Young [3]) -, is perhaps the most illuminating part of the book. In this field as in others, Young conceived of pure analysis and practical economics as inseparable from one another - an aspect of his thought that is more generally discussed in Chapter 3 on Young's methodology. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates the role of oikonomia in the writings of St John of Damascus and how that role is integral to the construction of the figure of the Jew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the current study were to identify polymorphism in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene among three Egyptian goat breeds (Zaraibi, Damascus, and Barki) and to investigate the association between PRLR genotype, parity, season of kidding, and litter size factors with milk yield and reproductive traits of Zaraibi goats. One hundred and ninety blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, with 110 from Zaraibi, 40 from Barki, and 40 from Damascus breeds. Three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, for the prolactin receptor gene were identified in the 190 DNA samples using restriction fragment length polymorphism and were confirmed by direct sequencing technique. Milk yield during suckling and lactation periods in addition to age at first conception, gestation length, and litter size were determined in 110 Zaraibi goats. The Zaraibi goats recorded the highest heterozygosity (0.495) and the effective number of alleles (1.972). The g.62130C > T SNP showed a significant association (p < 0.01) with suckling, lactation, and total milk yield of Zaraibi goats with the highest values recorded at the third parity. Age at the first conception and gestation length traits were significantly influenced by the kidding season (p < 0.05) with younger age in autumn and shorter length in spring seasons. Milk yield during the suckling period was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the case of triplets' litter size. The current study showed that litter size and parity played an important role in the amount of Zaraibi goats' milk yield. The g.62130C > T SNP of the PRLR gene may be a useful marker for assisted selection programs to improve goat milk yield during suckling and lactation periods with the heterozygous genotype CT recording the highest values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a later model Tinbergen did demonstrate that a sufficiently big positive shock might push the economy onto a different, more desirable, equilibrium path. Nor do they examine Tinbergen's idea that that the construction of a different institutional order was fundamental to Tinbergen's perspective on stability (Dekker [1], [2]). The Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen was most willing to explore the instability implied by his models. [Extracted from the article]

Regarding the constantly increasing cooling demands in the building sector due to climate change effects, strategies for reducing the cooling demands are vital. Among the major strategies is thermal insulation, however, overheating phenomenon during the summer months is a frequent problem in over-insulated buildings. In this study, a typical dwelling was examined in ten Mediterranean regions concerning the influence of the envelope's thermal transmittance on its cooling performance. A passive dynamic insulation system was also developed and implemented, while its cooling performance was optimized through a rule-based control strategy for the cooling period of each region. Regarding always the occupants' thermal comfort perception, increased cooling loads were recorded for most of the regions with the highly insulated envelope, which reached up to 12% for the city of Damascus, while in the hot-desert regions the picture is reversed. The dynamic insulation system displayed great potential, as its efficiency was maximum with the super-insulated envelope, resulting in up to 61% less cooling demands for the city of Seville. Finally, by disregarding the occupants' interference in the cooling system, as most of the national legislations do, higher cooling needs are calculated, that in our study reached up to 49% for the super-insulated envelope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the heritage conservation of the Cham living heritage sites and perceptions of the Cham community in Vietnam. Data were collected using various methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, from a "living" sacred site of the Cham community in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. This research demonstrates that the conservation of heritage in Vietnam has focused primarily on tangible forms of heritage, while local cultural meanings related to tangible aspects of the Cham temples have not been a central concern in heritage conservation practices. The construction of a new pathway is considered a significant offense to the Cham worldview with respect to cardinality and spiritual practice. Despite this addition's intention to facilitate access for visitors to this site, the Cham people believe that it contributes to a denigration of the sacred character of their temple and has negative effects on religious views and understandings among members of the community. The findings suggest that Indigenous living heritage and its role in local communities need to be recognized in safeguarding heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Its most celebrated use has been Mendeleev's detailed prediction of three elements - discussed in Jensen's as well as Orna and Fontani's chapters - which led Mendeleev to be almost universally associated with the system. 150 Years of the Periodic Table: A Commemorative Symposium: Edited by CARMEN J. GIUNTA, VERA V. MAINZ, AND GREGORY S. GIROLAMI. This follows from the widespread idea that similar elements are grouped together in columns of the conventional periodic table, when, for instance, rare earths and fourth-period elements clearly indicate otherwise. [Extracted from the article]

This article reconsiders the simple minority-majority dichotomy that surrounded the death of Colonel ʿAdnān al-Mālkī who was a Sunni killed by an ʿAlawi in 1955. Nevertheless, it was not the ʿAlawi minority, or other non-Sunni minorities that drove the subsequent power struggle that arose in Syria. Rather what occurred was a battle for control of the identity, direction, and economic organization of the young state contested by two alternative networks of Sunni elites, namely ʿulemaʾ (religious-scholarly) families, and ʿaskerī (military-administrative) families, both of whose social origins can be found in Ottoman history. This study argues that al-Mālkī's assassination temporarily weakened the Syrian ʿulemaʾ families' position in the civil-military balance that undergirded Syrian society and allowed the ʿaskerī class to gain the initiative. Such a change is evidenced by Damascus's turn toward the Soviet Union for arms as well as other state-building materials. The inability of these two competing internal networks to resolve their differences throughout the Cold War resulted in political dysfunction throughout the Cold War era. The ascent of Gamal ʿAbd al-Nasser to power with the creation of the United Arab Republic in 1958 proved a temporary abeyance in this struggle, but a final resolution came only much later when Hafez al-Assad became leader in 1970. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petkov does not believe that gravitational waves carry gravitational energy, nor that they are strongly emitted in a collision process before the stellar or black hole objects actually collide. In fact, Einstein seems to have taken Minkowski's way of thinking very much on board. His aims are towards developing the approach initiated by Hermann Minkowski, who was the first to interpret Einstein's theory in a manner that focussed on spacetime geometry. [Extracted from the article]

The protégé system that the Ottoman Empire encountered as the result of diplomatic relations with European powers later became a clear threat to the very existence of the empire. Among these powers, Britain, until the nineteenth century, executed its consular affairs via the Levant Company in the Middle East, but later employed local people, mostly non-Muslim Ottomans, as dragomans, consular agents and vice-consuls to execute its services in the region. The dragomans not only translated treaties and official documents, but also commented on the messages to and from the authorities and this gave them much more important roles. In this regard, members of the Mishaqa family served the British and later American interests under different posts ranging from dragoman, to consular agent and vice-consul. As they gained confidence, they were accorded British consular protection which provided them considerable privileges, and passed their duties to their sons. Unlike similar Levantine families who assumed dragomanship in the imperial centre as a household tradition, members of the Mishaqa family were deeply embedded in the local society and therefore could give insights on social and political changes in the Ottoman province of Damascus. After attaining British protection in 1840, members of the family served in British and American consulates until the beginning of the First World War. However, the protégé status of the family members paved the way for continued debates over their nationality and citizenship. This article attempts to present the basic codes of consular protection and Ottoman responses within the context of the story of Mishaqa family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the span of 22 months stretching from the entry of Fayṣal b. Husayn into Damascus in October 1918 until his expulsion at the end of July 1920, 42 newspapers and 13 journals appeared in Syria, more than half of them in Damascus. During this time, in which the press had a critical role in expressing and shaping public opinion in Syria, it became clear to the emissaries of the Zionist institutions in Damascus that they, too, needed to turn to this medium in order to spread their message. Hence, they argued that there was a need to publish a newspaper reflecting a moderate and calming outlook that would draw Arabs and Jews nearer to and increase their understanding of the Zionist idea. The result of their activities in this area saw the founding of a bilingual, Hebrew and Arabic, newspaper, calledha-Mizrah/al-Sharq(‘The East’). An examination of the only extant copies of the three issues that were printed before the newspaper ceased publication provides us with a deeper observation into the Zionist activities in Damascus during the reign of King Fayṣal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines the different effects Christianity has among Christians of Damascus. Instead of focusing on devout subjects, I trace out the ramifications Christianity has in different settings. Christianity sets different kinds of foregrounds and backgrounds which in this article are attended to during the Feast of the Holy Cross. During this Christian feast, a great variety of themes are brought into play with different kinds of relations to what it is to be a Christian in Damascus. I argue that what I term tonalities of immediacy is a fertile way to understand how contingencies and histories are played upon in concrete situations. The problem of belief, I argue, is not settled by pointing to a particular Christian and Western heritage or to default reactions against imagined certainties; rather the interplay between faith and scepticism may be a productive lens through which to grasp local Christian concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architect and planner Michel Ecochard has had a long career in developing countries, from its first works in Syria under the French rule, until the 1970s. He represented the modernist and functionalist approach to planning in a time of modernization. In this article, we concentrate on his work in Lebanon and Syria between the end of the 1950s and the 1960s. He prepared the master plans of Beirut and of Damascus. Those works represented the end of an era rooted in colonial planning. It was also the beginning of a new time, with the local planners taking on, sometimes sharing, sometimes contesting Ecochard's visions. Building on recent scholarship on the circulation of planning ideas, we focus on the reception of Ecochard's proposals. Though most political elites and planning professionals shared most of Ecochard's views, the political circumstances and the changing social conditions led to adjustments and reorientations. The new planning framework was also a major factor of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the impact on the political forces in the Arab World in general and in Syria in particular of the free, democratic and peaceful accession to power of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey. It further examines how Syrian political movements, especially political Islam, are trying to make sense out of these recent “revolutionary” political developments in Turkey and how they can be applied to the Syrian case. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the religious activities organized by the women members of the Naqshbandiyya-Kuftariyya Muslim group in Damascus, Syria. The author discusses how Muslim women open possibilities for the development of female religious authority, through their religious movements such as teaching and learning Islamic religious subjects. She also discusses the continuing growth of female religious knowledge and activism in the local religious politics in Damascus and the entire Syrian nation.

In the 1930s, certain Kurds in Damascus mobilized in support of Kurds from the Jazira, the remote north-east of Syria (then under French mandate), who were demanding the establishment there of a Kurdish autonomous zone. Why did they do this? Rather than assuming that it was a political action flowing from a self-evident sense of Kurdish identity, this article explores the micropolitics of Damascus under French rule, and the effect of the development of the nation-state form in Syria, to account for the origins of a new politics of ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damascus has severely impeded an investigation by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) into Syria's construction of a covert nuclear reactor, which was destroyed in a 2007 Israeli air strike. Pressing Damascus to cooperate with the inquiry is necessary to ascertain that there are no other undeclared activities in Syria, to determine the role of North Korea in the construction of the reactor, and to help prevent future clandestine efforts. With Damascus doing its best to avoid the investigation, securing Syrian cooperation will require adept diplomacy backed by the prospect of special inspections and, if necessary, a referral to the UN Security Council. The case of Syria's secret reactor highlights areas in which the IAEA needs buttressing, from the enhanced sharing of information, to reporting that is less political and more forthright. The case also illustrates the downside of politicizing IAEA investigations and supports the new director's apparent intent to return the agency to its core technical tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the nature of state motivation in sponsoring non-state armed groups is of great significance to the countries countering these sponsor-states. An analytical understanding of this phenomenon entails comprehending its characteristics which is translated as its strength. Such an understanding is crucial because several coercing countries have failed to persuade their opponents, due to their strength of motivation, to comply with their demands despite their military superiority. Given the increasing number of states using coercive strategies, developing realistic and effective strategies by understanding the opponent's motivation becomes all the more important. Despite its importance, although there are studies examining the underpinnings of the motivations of non-state armed groups, only a few studies analyse the polymorphous character of the sponsor-state's motivations, let alone its impact on the outcome of the coercing state's strategies.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented, which explores the author's accounts on the geospatial data and the geography of the city of Damascus in Syria.

Female religious authority exists and is accepted in conservative Damascene circles, though scholarship has largely overlooked it. While charismatic forms of authority have been accessible to women for centuries, twentieth-century changes have made it possible for women to achieve scholarly authority as well. The female instructor in this study argues that it is natural for women to teach female mosque lesson groups; her own authority, though, is based not only on what is 'natural', but also on traditional and contemporary sources of legitimisation. At the same time, female Islamic authority is intrinsically limited by the gender mores of Islamic society. Though women are able to subtly reinterpret some aspects of their societal roles, they cannot completely change the social system. Hence female leaders spread conservative practice. Female religious authority can be seen as performative; by demonstrating their potential to openly oppose the system, women can maximise their standing within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the official discourse on gender roles and womanhood in Syria and how this discourse on educated women has changed as a result of socioeconomic changes and the influence of an Islamic discourse in the country in recent decades. The author also explores how this discourse is reproduced and used by middle class educated women and how changes in this discourse is noticeable in the statements and practices of these women. The subject of this article are female university students and recent graduates, aged 18-27, who lives in Damascus.

Offers a look at the conditions in the city of Damascus in Syria and the province around it during the final decades of the Ottoman rule. Concept of governmentality and habitus; Changes made by Ottoman governors in the physical and cultural landscape of the province; Significance of these changes in unifying the national population of Syria; Details of the program of Ottoman governor Midhat Basha for Syria during his term.