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The article is based on a recent grant proposal written for a Hungarian agency, and it is also written as a public appeal to all archives collecting sources of the Hungarian Western diaspora, both home and abroad. It provides an overview of émigré document sources stored by Hungarian archives, as well as those that can be found in the United States, much scattered and often endangered, unknown, or forgotten. The author, a founding member of the Consulting Committee for Exploring and Rescuing Hungarian Documents in the West, organized in January 2013 by the Hungarian National Archives, calls for broad national and international efforts to explore and save the written heritage of the Hungarian Western diaspora. In his conclusions he outlines the most demanding tasks of a program based on long- and short-term cooperation of all potential partners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The goal of this analysis was to obtain local citation behavior data on undergraduates researching history, political science, and sociology papers. The study found that students cited books and journals even with the availability of web sources; however, usage varied by subject. References to specific websites' domains also varied across subject area. Most of the top journal titles that students referenced were online and locally owned. Students cited a broader range of journal titles than predicted by the Law of Scattering and cited titles across a wide array of subject areas. This data helped identify potential gaps in the library's collection and services. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article discusses the life and imprisonment of the largely unknown middle-class artist and British suffrage activist Katie Gliddon and analyzes her extensive prison diary, secretly written and drawn in her copy of The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley at London's Holloway Prison in March and April 1912. By creating a platform for the voices of ‘ordinary’ prisoners and by opening up a space for a transgressive gaze between suffragettes, ‘ordinary’ prisoners and female officers, Gliddon's writings allow us to complicate our understanding of cross-class relations within the women's suffrage campaign and in women's prisons more generally speaking. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 2011, something surprising happened in terms of Australian feminist cultural memory: a celebratory feminism arrived in the shape of the hugely popular ABC television mini-series, Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo. Eschewing dour social realism for a stylish and ludic narrative, Paper Giants uses the story of the women's magazine Cleo to tell the story of Australian women's liberation. This essay analyses the components of the mini-series' celebratory feminist aesthetics, examining the ways in which it mobilises feminist tropes to speak an intelligible feminist language in postfeminist times. Further, I detail how women's liberation becomes central to the national historical narrative underpinning the programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the significance new forms of literary narration can have on the representation of groundbreaking historical events. Based initially on Hayden White's work and his term modernist event, we argue that new kinds of events need new ways of writing history. However, neither has White given any concrete persuasive examples of how his paradigmatic historical work might look like nor have his critics given enough attention to his considerations on the matter. By focusing our analysis on Svetlana Alexievich's literary work and specifically on her book Voices from Chernobyl, we try to achieve exactly this: to analyze the innovative literary features that Alexievich develops in the testimonial narratives she builds and to highlight the importance they have for representing the past. For this purpose, we take a closer look at the thematic connection of the testimonies and the sense of non-linearity they create; comment on her success to approach in this way the 'unseen event' and bring the reader closer to the horrific and confusing reality that the witnesses describe; and show how literary techniques like the use of parataxis can efficiently grasp and mediate the differences in the temporal scale of hard-to-comprehend historical events and their consequences. Especially examining how Alexievich deals with this temporal particularity in her narrative, the paper suggests new ways to deal with the complex temporalities and discontinuities that go beyond modern historical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) and the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) have become leading organizations in the credentialing of clinical neuropsychologists and promotion of the field, respectively. This paper updates the literature by summarizing the activities and growth of ABCN and AACN during the period 2014 through 2023. Method: Prior papers have reviewed the history of these organizations up to 2014. In this paper, the authors describe milestones that each organization has reached, provide an update reflecting improved functions and new initiatives, and describe how the organizations have responded to numerous challenges. Conclusions: The past decade has witnessed substantial societal and technological evolution, as well as wrenching events including a global pandemic and public outcry over continued racial injustice. ABCN and AACN have evolved in the face of these changes, positioning each organization well to take on future challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the engagement and attitudes of students in a UK school learning about the Holocaust, with a focus on refugee students. This paper explores students' behavioral, cognitive and emotional engagement with the subject, with a focus on the students' experiences. Findings revealed an enthusiasm and understanding from most students, but particularly refugee students. The culture in the classroom was also studied, showing that there were pockets of antisemitism in its contemporary form present in the classroom, impacting student learning. This paper explores the links between these findings, the implications and suggestions of what this means for current practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vishwajyoti Ghosh's graphic narrative Delhi Calm captures one of the most serious episodes in the history of India, in the graphic narrative form, a purportedly non-serious medium. This paper focuses on the national Emergency declared on the recommendation of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and its representation in Delhi Calm. The paper discusses how unlike the traditional modes of representation of historical events, the graphic medium acknowledges and highlights the constructed and mediated nature of the narrative, thereby foregrounding the author's role in the representative process. It also scrutinises how the medium engages readers in unique ways towards a reading of history and, therefore, has the potential for democratising history. Furthermore, it examines the various strategies and tropes that are employed to reconceptualise the past and scrutinises how contrasting narratives are included to present a multi-dimensional idea of the historical events, generating a proliferation of meaning and thereby resisting the superiority of any single meaning or grand narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Rodney is a household name in IPE. Traditionally, scholars place Rodney in the tradition of dependency theory. More recently, scholars of 'racial capitalism' have identified Rodney as a foundational analyst of the empirical and conceptual relationship of racism and capitalism. However, while Rodney's work is often invoked in contemporary literature, it is rarely discussed. This paper offers a detailed engagement with Rodney's major works and situates them in their broader intellectual context in the history of IPE. In doing so, the paper highlights three major contributions. First, Rodney locates processes of working-class formation within the historical emergence and structural constraints of the capitalist world economy, breaking down conventional divides between domestic and international political economy. Second, Rodney demonstrates the centrality of unfree labor to the extension and reproduction of capitalism on a world scale. Third, Rodney highlights the integral role of race and racism in working-class formation, but stops short of positing these relations as functionally necessary to capitalist reproduction – a nuance which distinguishes him from current fashions. The paper argues that retrieving these three contributions can help renew a critical-historical IPE centered on the development of – and challenges to – working-class power in the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews information about a unique and iconic breed of the Orenburg Oblast, the homeland and the only place where the best herds of Orenburg down-hair goats in Russia are concentrated. Three types of these small ruminant animals are widespread on the territory of the region: Orenburg purebred gray goats, Orenburg purebred white goats, as well as crossbred white goats of F1 White Don × White Orenburg. Currently, at the farms of the Orenburg region, animals are selected according to their phenotype, with selected traits being color, weight and length of down hair. In recent years, the Orenburg goat breed has become an object of genetic research using various marker systems including immunogenetic, microsatellite, mtDNA and SNP markers. Overall, these studies evidence about the uniqueness of the allele pool in the landmark native breed of the Orenburg goats, which is a complex dynamic genetic system, prioritizing its further in-depth genome research and breeding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the interconnections between Hume's thought as a philosopher, a historian and an economist, illustrated with respect to his thought on history, development and happiness. It is argued that differences in the interpretation of Hume have an epistemological origin, reflecting either a closed-system approach or some kind of open-system approach. These differences are explored in relation to Hume's own epistemology, historiography, theory of economic development and theory of happiness. Patterns are identified in Hume's thought which support a particular, open-system, interpretation of his contributions in each area in terms of interdependent processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies how Sarala Dasa's Mahabharata was received in the colonial Odia public sphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It received the attention of early antiquarian scholars like Rajendralal Mitra who used the composition as a source to study Odisha's historical past. The antiquarian exercise created the discursive environment in which the first popular print editions arrived in the market. Despite its popularity, the educated public initially dismissed Sarala's Mahabharata as a work of little merit in comparison to the Sanskrit Mahabharata. However, the perception soon changed, and it began to receive the attention of scholars like Mrutyunjaya Rath and Gopinath Nandasharma who conducted the first serious antiquarian-philological studies of the epic in Odia. This essay traces the development of Odia language scholarship on Sarala Mahabharata, and its relationship with the popular Odia nationalist self-assertion. It concludes by tracing the contours of a debate on the temporal and spatial location of Sarala which took place immediately after independence and the subsequent publication of its definitive edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies historical and literary constructions of deity-figures like Krishna and Kali, and the sects representing them, that is, vaishnavas and tantra-predominant shaktas, in Bengal. While the overarching historical lens posits these deities/sects as radically different, even antagonistic, with syncretic attempts following periods of intense strife; literary archetypes, developed in proximate association with regional philosophy, intuit the most subtle traditions of deity/sectarian equivalence. I focus on three kinds of texts of the early modern period and analyse varieties of divine correspondence represented therein: Krishna-Shiva sharing souls, Kali becoming Krishna, Krishna becoming Kali, Kali-Shiva as the same essential energy, Kali-Krishna sexual union, and this synthesis understood variously as Kali's/Krishna's play with herself/himself, etc. These divinities are equated essentially as transformations (prithak) of the original cosmic buzz (AUM/pranav), and complex practices of sonic philosophy ground these equivalent deities within esoteric bodies. These practices and texts thus fuse Kali/Shiva/Krishna, and this tantric-devotional, shakta-vaishnava, prakriti/purusha continuum encompasses a longue-durée ethical habitus including idols, songs, poems, proverbs, theatre, pictures, manuscripts, and bodies. This lifeworld of sacred interchangeability enables, responds to, as well as supersedes historical realities of sectarian difference, opposition, and syncretism, rather than only mirroring immediate temporal concerns. Literary ontology thus nestles and surpasses historical religious constructions in Bengal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parchment is produced by processing the dermal layer of animal hide through limited mechanical and chemical treatment and then drying it under tension. The weak condition of many historical objects made of this material is caused by chemical, biological and mechanical degradation. Repairing these objects by filling gaps with parchment or paper patches may be inadvisable, due to important differences in intrinsic strength, which can create tensions between old and new materials. Alternative filling methods may be used, consisting of the application of solid materials in the form of a powder or a suspension, used to create a solid sheet of reconstituted parchment. The solids may consist of any kind of collagenous material (powdered parchment or hide, gelatin), paper or a combination of the two. Published methods describe preliminary treatments (e.g. relaxation), application media (water, solvents, additives), use of additional consolidating membranes (Japanese paper, goldbeater's skin), use of adhesives for pasting and surface consolidation purposes, preparation of mechanically isotropic templates for infills and tinting with synthetic dyes. A comparative investigation of methods confirms that the mechanical properties achieved in these infills, such as tensile strength and elasticity, as well as their reproducibility, are acceptable for application in conservation practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mongolia the cat is viewed ambiguously. It is seen either as a good, a bad or an ugly creature, or as a mix of all these. This ambiguity stems from the cat's function as a mirror of Mongolian society, where the transition to socialism and post-socialism was traumatic, interrupting the cosmological order. This paper explains these diverse images by analysing old legends and modern folk stories about felines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing scholarship on cryptoeconomics describes this field as a new and emergent phenomenon. In this paper, I claim that crypto anarchists and cryptoeconomists design and build decentralised networks as governance systems according to the common principles of cryptography, economics, and engineering, and thus, cryptoeconomics is not new but has historical intellectual roots in the political ideology of Crypto Anarchy. Cryptoeconomics is a multidisciplinary field of study concerned with the design of decentralised systems that facilitate the coordination of multiple actors. Practitioners of crypteoconomics, known as "cryptoeconomists," employ engineering and economic methods to create institutional infrastructure for social coordination. Crypto Anarchy is a political ideology that emphasises autonomy and anonymity and the practice of self-organising through technical means largely attributed to a counter-cultural subgroup known as the "cypherpunks". I demonstrate the link between Crypto Anarchy and cryptoeconomics through the analysis of empirical evidence from primary archival sources, secondary sources, and academic literature. The implication of these findings is a deeper understanding of what the creation of cryptoeconomic systems does in enabling a political economy of distributed, autonomous coordination. What cryptoeconomists did not adopt and perpetuate is a value for anonymity, which is where the social outcomes of Crypto Anarchy and cryptoeconomics diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern Africa coast has been a complex contact theatre between overseas peoples and the local population. These interconnections have over time produced mixed identities and cultural adaptation processes, expression, and transmission which are foundations of present-day Eastern Africa histories. The musician – historian's account reflects the coastal identities as not simply painful and isolated historical creations upon a place, but also a part of global processes of cultural productions and affirmation. Through YouTube video, the coastal musician retells the coast's history thereby preserving memory and lessons leant. The creative artist unveils the history – in an effort to gain inspiration from a cultural and commercial identity formation process. This paper, through Vitali Maembe's YouTube music video, Little Town Bagamoyo, seeks to highlight the narrative that music exposes in retelling East African coast story. It seeks to underscore that as forces of history continue to shape coastal civilization identities, the artist articulates a counter-hegemonic meaning to life, through music and narration in a global internet platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the spatial and temporal dimensions of varied schooling agendas for poor and oppressed caste children and adults in the princely state of Travancore in nineteenth-century colonial south India. Schools became socially contested and politically charged spaces in which various subaltern castes, particularly the Dalits and Nadars, articulated a new language of social and religious self-fashioning. British Protestant missionaries played a crucial role in provoking these imaginations and yet, the joint workings of caste and racial prejudices resulted in ambivalent cultural encounters in the educational landscape. Caste was central to these contestations and negotiations in making modern child subjectivities and tended to produce new forms of inequality and reproduce existing ones. I argue that schooling campaigns for the poor resulted in the perpetuation of hierarchised, caste-inflected norms of childhood and produced multiple marginal children in local society. This paper draws upon British Protestant missionary archives to highlight the unstable and violent geographies in which children of subaltern castes navigated the sphere of modern schooling in colonial Travancore and the constitutive function of schools in the making of marginal childhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws upon photography as an active intervention into compromised environments and uses it to discover and develop new perspectives on past and future histories of education after COVID-19. These perspectives become particularly clear when seen against the backdrop of recent discussions on planetary responsibility and shared ecologies. The paper suggests that we shift our research agendas away from anthropocentric world views that have placed great emphasis on human sovereignty, modernisation, progress and/or decline, nation states and global governance, and the stratifying effects of education systems, without reflecting their ecological consequences. It argues that anthropocentric approaches to history of education have neglected the openness and vulnerability of the human body and its ethical, cultural and social proximity to other living creatures and the material world. The paper therefore focuses on what it means for historians of education to respond to the COVID-19 crisis, what it means to change research perspectives, and what it means to look at photographs that were produced in a state of exception. The paper sets out to propose a manifesto for a post-anthropocentric research agenda that anchors history of education and the history of pandemics in intertwined ecologies of the living and material worlds. The paper suggests that future histories of education cannot be written without considering the COVID-19 crisis as both a challenge and an encouragement to further develop our understanding of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the report "Dwarf giants, giant dwarfs. Reflections about the Italian 'industrial demography' at the beginning of the new millennium" by Andrea Colli, published in the same issue of the journal.

Policy forums are lightly institutionalized and stable forms of governance networks that include administrative authorities, interest groups, and scientists. They are said to produce different types of outputs, from simple actor coordination to position papers and implementation documents, but their productivity has also been questioned. Metagovernance strategies can improve the capability of policy forums to produce outputs. To determine how different metagovernance strategies influence the capability of forums to produce joint position papers, 29 policy forums in the Swiss environmental sector are compared through a qualitative comparative analysis. Results indicate that metagovernance strategies such as state actors as forum members or majority decision rules need to be combined with small forum size or low actor heterogeneity. Furthermore, forum foundation by the state complicates the production of position papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews digital methods of scholarship for visualization and mapping, and it then shows how creative and experimental visualization can help us to study the extensive networks that lay behind human mobility, from trade to war, communication, pilgrimage, migration, and much else. In the process, the paper will familiarize historians with the key aspects of digital methods from amalgamating large quantities of data to finding patterns within that data. This discussion of visualization along with the sample maps should demonstrate that digital methods offer a new tool to enhance traditional scholarship and shape richer facts and arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first four or five centuries of its manufacturing in Europe, paper was neither cheap nor available in unlimited quantities. Old rags, the primary material from which the paper was exclusively made, were a strategic commodity and trade with them was strictly regulated. Owing to their perpetual scarcity, as well as to the overall laboriousness of the papermaking process, a skilled master printer of the Incunabula period was hardly able to purchase a ream or two of high-quality paper for his monthly earnings. Consequently, the earliest printers had to rely on the support of ‘venture capitalists’ in order to secure steady supplies of paper. But the limitations of its manufacturing were not resolved by the end of the Incunabula period. Alas, the shortage and high cost of paper accompanied the development of print in Italy and elsewhere practically up until the advent of its industrial production from wooden pulp in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The role of 'class strategies' in policy formation is sometimes unseen as plans are unrealised in practice over long periods of historical time. 'Subterranean class strategies' are an extension of existing work on class to consider 'class work' on policy in the 'long unenacted'. Using the example of emergency feeding in a national crisis, the stark difference in school meal planning for post-World War 2 emergencies when compared to the COVID-19 crisis is discussed. Through an analysis of archival records, it is shown that 'subterranean class strategies' - the devaluation of school catering expertise by the army and the private sector, the lack of co-operation of independent schools, and localisation and privatisation - diminished the role of schools in emergency feeding. The paper concludes by considering how the concept of 'subterranean class strategies' could inform work on educational think tanks, privatisation and subsumption, and intersectional areas such as race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the idea of Coronalag, a concept derived from the experience of disaster time in 2020, and one that we hope assists in the ongoing interrogation of time as a venue for the exercise of power in a disaster. First, in introducing Coronalag, we are attentive to disparate experiences of the pandemic across spaces and communities, shared in and among those settings in real time, often through social and other virtual media. Next, we explore the efforts of disaster management officials to manage the lag of time between outbreak, state action, and viable pandemic control. Governmental disaster management in the face of Coronalag was often performed theatrically with hygiene rituals, with reams of data and with daily press conferences all in the service of 'flattening the curve'. Last, we extend the Coronalag concept to encompass the many extraordinary efforts of people in the United States and around the world to repackage time into increments that captured their frustrations with structures of racism, capitalism, and other forms of oppression. Pandemic time shifted perspectives and opened opportunities for protesters and dissidents to craft new time zones, harnessing the strangeness of disaster time and using it for their own empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a description and evaluation of training male sexual abuse survivors to deliver Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Motivational Interviewing with Trauma-Informed Affirmative Care (MI-AC) online to sexual and gender minority (SGM) men with sexual assault histories and depression. After a search and selection process, 26 men with lived experience of sexual abuse received MI training that included the use of role-playing, video demonstrations, and practice followed by weekly supervision while co-leading groups. Peer leaders completed several measures pre and post training, including beliefs about MI and self-reported learning of MI and satisfaction with the training. A sample of MI and MI-AC audio sessions were independently rated for adherence and competence. Peer leaders' beliefs about MI changed over time, while self-rated skill level stayed consistent. Peer leaders demonstrated good adherence to the MI and MI-AC conditions. Results suggest that men with lived experience of sexual trauma effectively learned to deliver MI and/or MI-AC to SGM male survivors in online groups. These interventions have the potential to expand the reach of limited services for this population as well as reduce their depression and assist in SGM men with histories of sexual abuse entering into formal mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media reports of female American football coaches frequently laud them as being the "first," a demonstrable indication of the lack of awareness of the long history of women in this role. This paper utilises feminist media theory to examine the language of newspaper coverage of female American football coaches from 1908 to 1960. The article identifies 26 female coaches; newspapers stated that eight of these women were the first-ever, and one was the state's first. In all cases, the newspapers were inaccurate. The analysis demonstrates that newspaper reports sometimes emphasised women's domestic roles and their desirable femininity and heterosexuality. While some journalists were horrified, most were not; many women found widespread support for their role, especially when schools employed them due to the absence of men during wartime. The lack of outrage about women's involvement in a sport (and role) strongly aligned with masculinity is significant and demonstrates that women have found acceptance in the sport for far longer than academics have previously explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, we take international collaborations as a necessity, but 150 years ago, when travel was not so convenient, it involved an enduring and time-consuming challenge. This paper presents letters and reports written by German physicist Julius Plücker to his wife, Antonie née Altstädten describing his travels to Great Britain and France between 1853 and 1866. These letters provide a view into how international collaboration and communication were developed and maintained as well as how friendships were built within the scientific community during the early industrial age, prior to telegraph, telephone, email, and internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While economic growth is still at the centre of politics around the world, driven by economic crises and ecological breakdown critiques of growth as well as calls for post-growth or degrowth are on the rise. This paper advances a systematization of various currents of growth critiques in historical perspective. Going beyond standard accounts, it demonstrates that next to a narrow and mainly ecological critique of growth, which emerged starting in the 1950s and criticized GDP accounting and growth as a policy goal, there were also broader critiques of the phenomenon of growth itself, which emerged already since at least the eighteenth century and criticize the phenomenon of economic growth itself. To substantiate this argument, eight currents of growth critiques are analysed by focusing on their core arguments and historical trajectories: ecological, socio-economic, feminist, South–North, cultural, anti-capitalist, critique of industrialization, as well as reactionary growth criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the changes and continuities in the cityscape of Soviet Samarkand following the launch of the mass housing campaign under Nikita Khrushchev. It examines the planning, building, appropriation, and renovation of public and private housing on the level of practices rather than policies and discourses. The paper relates these practices to the specific temporalities of Samarkand's landscape, such as the life cycles of inhabitants, the change of seasons, or the timelines of material decay, among others. It shows that self-help building often proved to be more effective than state projects in addressing these temporalities. Drawing on site-specific cultural, material, and technical repertoires, self-help building was more than a pragmatic reaction to the housing shortage. It sustained the traditional Central Asian neighbourhood that Soviet planners hoped to banish from the urban landscape and was key to the expansion and diversification, rather than homogenization, of the 'Soviet' cityscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing success of New Journalism before World War 1, hopes for labour daily papers crystallised. This article speculates on four attempts to counter conservative media as seen through the youthful eyes of Vance Palmer. In London, he participated in the foundation of the successful labour paper the Daily Herald, and he wrote for the British Labour Party daily. Returning to Australia in 1912, he sought to work for a proposed Sydney-based daily paper, and for the successful Queensland's Labor Daily Standard, as a correspondent. When taking Palmer's observations into account—drawing on original material from his letters, and set in a context of comparing the four papers—a largely untold story of ambitious design emerges. The scheme of Commonwealth Labor daily newspapers across the nation still lacks its history. Cultural leadership through the commitment of leading men and women, even strike leaders, able to appeal to the passions of writers, editors and readers, and experienced staff utilising an inclusive forum inviting diverse and militant standpoints, may have proved more critical to riding the explosion of radical left idealism in the successful establishment of newspapers, and surviving the suppression of war, than managerial leadership or raising enough economic capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings together the ideas of three writers from the 1880s who argued for an enhanced status for history in the school curriculum. Although there is superficial agreement between the writers in calling for history to develop children's citizenship and patriotism, each conceives these values differently. Focusing on the teaching of history to children in elementary and third-grade schools, this paper suggests that the considerable plurality of views among advocates of history reflects the underdeveloped disciplinary identity of history in the Victorian academy. However, the paper also contends that, in considering the pedagogic complexity of teaching history to children, these writers were engaging with epistemic debates – about the place of myth-histories and the processes of narrativisation – that would not exercise historical philosophers until the late twentieth century. Then, as now, the school curriculum proved fertile ground for discussion about what history is, and what it is for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electra was developed by an unknown man, Electra01. Following its emergence in cryptocurrency markets in 2018, its market capitalization briefly reached 136 billion USD, exceeding Bitcoin in value. The project’s community of 20,000 individuals, wrote its white papers, updated its blockchain, instituted a foundation, introduced a payment system, and voted to be the best crypto project in 2020 in the world by a global vote. Following a fundamental controversy in its community, Electra collapsed as the founder sold his hundreds of millions of Electras in November 2020, effectively killing the project. Within a short period, the community left the founder behind, and moved on to a new project, giving (re)birth to their community money, this time called Electra Protocol. Drawing on an empirical case study, this paper presents an analysis of how cryptocurrency communities emerge, mature and migrate as they make data monies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a further exploration of the phenomenon of historic country houses repurposed as private schools. In a previous paper it was shown that 55 English private schools within the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference and the Girls' Schools Association are partially housed within former country houses. This paper investigates some of the possible motivations for schools choosing to occupy such redundant country houses. There are a number of obvious reasons, such as their availability at low cost with appropriate facilities that could be readily used by the schools, but in some cases, it was found that the country house's historic associations with arts, culture, and learning were a particular motivation for repurposing into schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memorials of the lay dead in late medieval English churchyards were constructed from perishable materials, with the exhumation and reuse of burial plots suggesting that a timely forgetting of the individual was an accepted part of the commemorative process. From the 13th century onward, remains exhumed from old graves were increasingly redeposited in specific structures known as charnel houses. The collective redeposition of disarticulated skeletal remains in charnels anonymised the deceased, generating mortuary spaces which foregrounded communal rather than individual memory. In this paper, charnelling and its relation to memory in late medieval England is theorised and explored. Following this, early modern developments are investigated, employing the charnel of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, as a central case study. As the country's largest late medieval charnel, its extreme treatment following the Dissolution of the Monasteries renders it a potent example of how religious reform affected mortuary practice during the period. Through the violent ejection of its contained remains and the structure's secular repurposing as a print shop, treatments of the ancestral dead were employed to enact and manifest ideological change. This produced changes in London's mortuary landscape which in turn memorialised the reformatory process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the importance of the social to the analysis of historical multimodal texts and how some concepts and analytical tools from SFL can prevent researchers from getting the most from their data. Building on the work of Ledin and Machin (2018), it looks at three main areas of concern when dealing with historical multimodal texts—context, attention to micro, meso and macro levels, and historically-developed affordances—and uses examples of Edwardian book inscriptions to suggest ways that archival research can help overcome these problems. Overall, it argues how greater attention to the social brings to the fore how semiotic choices can be used strategically to foreground individual positions and/or subvert aesthetic norms. In doing so, it frames historical multimodal texts not as static representations of communication, but as dynamic, highly contextual and involved in a complex process of co-construction between producers, their imagined audiences and broader sociocultural meanings. It also suggests that a focus on historical context can also move multimodal studies beyond a predominant focus on the contemporary, as well as challenge the supposed novelty of certain communicative practices, thereby fostering more nuanced interpretations that recognise the broader lineage of patterned practices and uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers questions of appropriateness when linking the Holocaust to students' experiences with bullying. The question is considered in the context of universalist and particularist views of the Holocaust and against the political landscape of both rising antisemitism in the U.S. and increasing state mandates for teaching the Holocaust in secondary classrooms. The article explores arguments for both sides of this pedagogical and curricular question and ultimately offers recommendations for classroom practice drawing on Noddings views on moral and caring-centered education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the discourse on school meals, as evidence suggests that political agendas feed into policy making. The paper fills a void by proposing new insights into how school meals could be reformed, following reflections from a doctoral study and a review of the changing narrative on school food in England. Recommendations include rethinking the coverage on school meals by taking into account this multifaceted area of inquiry by recognising the importance of the physical context of the meals as well as the subjects of school mealtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between culture, history, government policies and the development of economic institutions. Specifically, the paper discusses the impact that history and culture, including the influence of Confucianism, have played in shaping the economic institutions of South Korea and the People's Republic of China. Research results indicate that culture, history and government policies all played a role in shaping the organizational structure of these two East Asian nations. However, China's economic landscape is dominated by small and medium-sized, family-oriented firms, particularly in the rural parts of the country. The South Korean economic landscape, on the other hand, is dominated by large conglomerate firms called Chaebols which are also dominated by one family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the novel methodology used in a participatory project called 'Inside the History of Learning Disabilities.' Through engaging learning-disabled people as co-researchers with valuable insider knowledge and expertise to share, the project sought to disrupt hegemonic discourses around both the history of 'learning disabilities', and of the lived experience of learning disabilities today. The overall objective was to make an important contribution to the growing field of interdisciplinary and emancipatory research about learning disabilities. The year-long project used a bespoke, two-step methodology in addressing this objective, combining archival research with a series of participatory focused workshops. Traditional methods and academic expertise in archival research and textual analysis were combined with less orthodox approaches to elicit insider knowledge about learning disabilities, which was then expressed in a range of ways. These expressions provide preliminary indications of how emancipatory and transformational research aims may be met. The paper makes a contribution to the discourse around new and emerging action research methodologies which seek to promote social justice. It describes away to not only recognise and challenge the oppression and exclusion encountered by disabled people, but to advocate for appreciation of disability and the insider-knowledge learning-disabled people have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarnath Banerjee's second graphic novel The Barn Owl's Wondrous Capers, a delightfully complex and remarkably multilayered work, is a significant contribution to Indian Graphic Narratives. This paper focuses on identifying and examining the layering strategies inherent in the text that endow it with its characteristic depth, complexity and density. The strategies identified include the exploitation of the multimodality of the comic format, the employment of multiple media, the incorporation of the legend of the Wandering Jew as the central trope, the playful treatment of history, a thematic layering of characters, and the utilization of intratextuality (textual echoes) and intertextuality. The paper further explores the way in which Calcutta, the primary setting of the novel, is rendered as a palimpsest-like entity where the colonial past is layered over by a post-colonial present. The novel's emphasis upon a local readership with a global bent, leads to layers of reading based on readerly competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper examines two speculative examinations of humanity as a unified species and agent of ecological change: Ursula K. Le Guin’s Hainish Cycle and the rights of nature movement. Le Guin’s Cycle imagines the slow interplanetary reintegration of human polities against a backdrop of cultural and environmental difference. I read the novels of the Cycle as an allegory for the rights of nature movement, which seeks to synthesize traditional and modern knowledge in a legal solution to ecological crisis. Both discourses, I argue, productively imagine a new historical understanding of humanity’s place on Earth, but they provide a weak theory of law’s capacity to initiate and institutionalize this new understanding. In place of a static theory of history and legal revolution, I propose a dynamic view of how narrative projects like the rights of nature contribute to cultural and political change. This comparative reading shows the utility of speculation in law and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new materialist reading of Cervantes's Numancia (c. 1585) that reassesses the role of personified bodies of water like the Duero as early modern naturecultures. Personifications of bodies of water were ubiquitous in the political iconography of the early modern period due to their capacity to tether political order to idealized visions of a land's natural order. In its ability to bridge the divide between nature and culture, personifications like the river god Duero constitute an early modern iteration of the new materialist notion of natureculture. The Duero, however, is just one personified body of water among many in Numancia. The imperial terraforming of Numancia's land and people into a lake of blood at the end of Act Four represents a liquid counterpoint to the river god Duero and his idealized account of imperial history in Act One. I propose here that the two bodies of water that bookend Numancia must be understood in relation to each other as doubles that reveal, in the case of the lake of blood, what the Duero obfuscates. What surfaces at the confluence of the bodies of water that flood Numancia is Cervantes's critical appraisal of the river god Duero as a beguiling but misleading figure that distorts nature and history in the service of empire. One can conclude that in Numancia Cervantes is thinking of human bodies as porous entities that take on liquid forms imbued with subjectivity and history in ways that speak to the new materialist insights of contemporary theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health policy plays a critical role in determining a state's or nation's overall population health, and health system change has been a priority for a majority of Americans for at least a decade. News coverage can influence health policy development, but little research has examined the quality of that coverage, in part because no consensus exists regarding what information health policy stories should include. This paper describes a series of in-depth interviews with eight health policy experts and 12 experienced journalists who have covered health policy. While rejecting the notion of strict quality criteria that could be applied to all health policy stories, the interviewees agreed on several factors that would improve health policy coverage. They recommended that health policy stories should include information about financial costs to consumers, evidence that a policy will have its intended effect, historical context for the policy, and "relatable hooks" that help consumers understand which groups a policy will affect and how. In addition, the interviewees stressed the importance of building policy coverage on trustworthy sources representing multiple viewpoints and the need to recognize how audience members' values influence their acceptance and interpretation of evidence. These findings provide an important foundation for future research examining the impact of health policy reporting on both public opinion and public policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applied theories in social work are social constructs that evolve according to cultural, political and social trends. The history of community work in Europe after the Second World War provides an example of a family of practices that is constantly evolving, in terms of its integration into social work, its methods, and the political project that underpins it. While the development of broad-based and conscientising approaches were challenged by neo-liberalism from the 1980s on, community work practice is currently undergoing a revival based on community building and person-centred methods, under the influence of the new public management. This paper is based on a doctoral research conducted in six European countries, examining the relationship between social work and community work, and the various forms of community work across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, drawing upon Tosaka Jun's response to Interwar debates on historicism and his account of everydayness, I offer an explanation for why contemporary secular apocalyptic claims lack convergence by focusing on the historical dimension of such claims. Everydayness, organized the routines of work and rest, is shown to be the basis for a sense of historical time, and theoretical journalism is outlined as the kind of collective epistemic procedure needed to produce a collective sense of a community's place in historical time. I defend the claim that the cause of starkly opposed responses to apocalyptic claims is due to qualitative differences in the work and rest that organize the everyday temporality. In the absence of a theoretical journalism, whether one subscribes to an apocalyptic claim will be contingent on heterogeneous personal circumstance. I conclude by outlining a limit case of indigenous post-apocalyptic claims under settler-colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Siculo-Norman king, Roger II (1095–1154), created a courtly culture that used art, architecture, and literature to reflect the symbolic and cultural values of the states that ringed the Mediterranean. An essential vehicle for Roger's cosmopolitan dialogue was the performance of court poetry that was broadly inclusive of the poetic conventions of the Latin, Greek, and Arabic-speaking worlds. Poetic performance at Palermo created an integrative dialogue of cultural valuation that crossed political as well as linguistic boundaries. While such acts of statesmanship might seem quaint to modern eyes, the potential of Siculo-Norman cosmopolitanism becomes more intriguing when we reflect on the current reality of failed states (Northern Africa), continuous conflicts (Israel), and fissured unions (EU) that ring the Mediterranean today. Roger's diplomatic use of poetry offers a refreshing alternative to the broken dialogue that exists in contemporary interstate relations in the Mediterranean. This paper illustrates that diplomatic poetic exchange has the ability to create cross-cultural commensurability in ways that modern cosmopolitan practices rooted in international law cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in community settings, intangible narrative evidence may exist within a family's living memory, awaiting a trigger to inspire investigation. During the 2016 SFLS annual conference in Dublin, marking the 1916 Easter Rising, such a catalyst appeared to the author. A replica newspaper, recounting the 'Burning of Cork' revived his interest in a story told to him by his father. On the night of 11 December 1920, horrendous destruction and violence occurred in Cork city, Ireland. In retaliation for attacks against Crown Forces by Irish Volunteers, supporting Irish Independence, the Government sent in an irregular military force commonly known as the 'Black and Tans'. This paper explores the conflict as experienced and remembered by the author's family in both oral and written testimonies. Comparison with newspaper reports and other sources attempts to unravel the various threads in a complex story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]