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The article discusses a study which investigated the flora of paper-mill lime waste dumps near Glasgow, Scotland. The topography and description of the lime dumps on which the current work is being conducted is presented. The constituents of the lime dumps come from the accumulation of all the refuse from the paper mills for a period of 6 to 7 years and contains mud and a large variety of substances, such as old beltings and boots. A chart is presented which shows an analysis of the substances found in the area.

This article discusses the training of accountants in Scotland. A history of Scottish accountancy is presented. The Society of Accountants in Edinburgh received its Royal Charter on October 23, 1854, making it the world's first official accountancy body. The author looks at the apprenticeship system used in the training of accountants. The examination syllabus is presented. The role of the accountant has been changed drastically by the introduction of electronic computers, which allows them to bypass bookkeeping and run statistical analyses. Current and possible future developments in Scotland's accountancy training are discussed.

Focuses on topics of discussions on George Houston's paper 'Farm Labour in Scotland 1800-1850,' published in the September 1965 issue of the 'Bulletin for the Society of the Study of Labour History.' Effect of Irish immigration on the conditions of Scottish farm workers; Sectarian bitterness that resulted in late 19th century Scotland from the intermingling of Irish Catholics and Scots and Irish Protestants.

The incidence of pulmonary emphysema in a series of 50 necropsies on male subjects in Glasgow has been investigated. Emphysema was present in 37 lungs (74%) and found in more than trace amounts in 32 lungs (64%). These results are similar to those previously reported from London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff but emphysema in younger men appears to be more severe in Glasgow than in these other cities. Centrilobular emphysema was the commonest variety, found in 36 of the 50 lungs (72%); it was the only or predominant type in 17 (34%). Panlobular emphysema was found in 25 lungs (50%), but only in 5 (10%) was this the predominant or the only variety. In 15 cases (30%), significant amounts of both centrilobular and panlobular emphysema were present. Three methods were used to measure emphysema, including the recently introduced method which compares the severity of emphysma on paper-mounted large sections with standard charts arbitrarily graded according to severity. The method of scoring is quick and gave results comparable to those using Heard's method on the barium impregnated slice. It has the added advantage that paper-mounted sections, unlike barium-impregnated slices, are easily stored and thus provide a permanent record. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article reports that the 48th annual meeting of the British Association of Dermatology was held in Aberdeen, Scotland during July 11-13, under the Presidency of T. E. Anderson. The meeting was very well attended and the numerous guests included many members of the Norwegian Dermatological Society, two of whom, Knut Wereide, the President, and H.K. Krogh, presented papers. The papers were read in the comfortable and well appointed lecture theatre of the Department of Chemistry. The number of papers submitted was larger than ever before, reassuring evidence of the vigorous activity in clinical and laboratory research in Great Britain.

The article presents a study about the ecology of the Cairngorms, in Scotland focusing on the Juncus zone of the Juncus Trifidus communities. It reports on the distribution, general relations and characteristic of Juncetum Trifidi. It also describes the association and structure of the Juncus Trifidus Tussock in relation with environmental factors. This paper based the data from the observations during the 1938 to 1939 expeditions. A survey was conducted of the vegetation located at the high tops which reveal dominating factors in the development of the species exposed to prevailing winds.

The paper deals with sedimentary structures in shallow-water Precambrian deposits of Lower Torridonian age in the island of Skye in northwestern Scotland. The structures described include irregular lamination, ripple-bedding, festoon bedding and structures produced by local erosion and reworking. Evidence of penecontemporaneous disturbance thought to be due to the movements of quicksands is briefly referred to. Variations in lithology and structure within the succession are attributed to local differences in conditions within a possible environment of sedimentation in an intertidal zone with off-shore sandbanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes how absolute values of pollen deposition may be calculated from the results of volumetric sampling, supplemented by routine meteorological data. Daily mean values of concentration of birch pollen in the air at Lerwick, Shetland in 1970 and 1971 are presented, and these are used to calculate daily and annual depositions. The results are consistent with what is known about the occurrence of tree pollen in fossil and recent deposits in Shetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patterns of neighborhood life adopted by the residents of a locality are unlikely to be accounted for to the equal satisfaction both of those whose interest is in the unconscious levels of individual personality and those who are concerned with social structure. The group of housewives whose pattern of interaction is described in this paper were such a set of close neighbors, unknown to each other on moving in, some from their parents' homes, some from sub-let rooms. How this group of women in a Scottish town deal with the tensions inherent in such a degree of closeness as they maintain is the main theme of this paper, in which consideration is also given to the significance of the life stage of the women, their geographic origins and socio-economic level, and the layout of the building.

This paper presents results from an exploratory study of the utilization behavior of lower working-class families in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is shown that, after controlling for such factors as social class, educational level, geographical proximity to, and knowledge of available services, the underutilizers exhibit a different social profile from the utilizers with respect to a number of variables, postulated as being possibly related to utilization behavior. The underutilizers appear to sustain a crisis existence, experiencing lack of permanent accommodation, over-crowding, marital instability, financial difficulties, and frequent sickness in the family. Utilizers appear to avoid most of these problems and to plan for their future lives. The circumstances surrounding the first conception (whether or not it was post-nuptial, on the one hand, or pre-nuptial or illegitimate, on the other), appear to be a main distinguishing variable between the two study groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggs collected from around the base of cultivated cruciferous crops in north-east Scotland were hatched on suitable media contained in petri dishes, or on plants grown in pots in an outdoor insectary. Breeding in petri dishes was more successful. It was found that Erioischia brassicae (Bouché), the cabbage root fly, and E. floralis (Fall.), the turnip root fly, occur together in swede crops, but only E. brassicae in crops of cabbage and cauliflower. Despite the eggs of both species overlapping in size and the chorion patterns being indistinguishable, plotting mean egg sizes over short consecutive periods showed that the main egg-laying period of E. floralis was during August and September. The measurements of eggs collected before and after 1 August, when plotted on arithmetical probability paper, indicated an appreciable difference in the average size of eggs laid in the two periods, but only at those sites where both species were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the new proposed changes in the conditions of awarding the Scottish Leaving Certificate in the filed of education. According to the author, the proposed changes in the conditions of award of the Scottish Leaving Certificate would at once bring it more closely into line with the recommendations of the Advisory Council on Education in Scotland and with the General Certificate of Education in England. The changes, reportedly, involve the issue of a certificate to pupils who leave school around the age of sixteen after completing four years of secondary education, by the institution of papers at a lower level than those taken usually in the fifth year. Scotland, like England, is faced with the problem of early leaving. Recent figures published by the Secretary of State show that 56% of pupils leaving five-year courses of senior secondary education do so before reaching the age of sixteen, without completing even four years of the course. It is proposed to institute advanced level papers designed for pupils who have completed the university requirements in their fifth year, and who remain for a sixth year at school. The effect of the new proposals would, supposedly, be to encourage the extension of Sixth Form work, which has never flowered so freely in Scotland and England.

The article presents a reprint of the research paper which appeared in the Tweed Commissioners Annual Report for 1972 released in April 2, 1973. The paper reflects the results of the study on the growth of the 500 hatchery reared tagged brown trout with an average fork length of 25.0 centimeters which were released into the River Tweed, Scotland on March 29, 1972.

This paper reports a study of the damage done by rooks in agricultural land and of the effects of various methods of crop protection in an intensively cultivated area in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Losses were high on early or late sown crops. Losses of yield were not directly proportional to the intensity of utilization owing to limited compensation. Losses to lodged grain were small, only a small proportion being attributed to rooks. Rook attacks on potatoes didn't significantly affect the yield. Other kinds of damage, which occur on a smaller scale, are described.

The article discusses a study regarding the vegetation of wetland for the investigation of the relationship between flooding tolerance and the metabolism of ecologically related groups of species. Vegetation was classified into ecological groups or set of quadrants so that they will contain major groups of coincident species. The data presented in the paper were acquired form two different surveys, the first one taken from a wetland vegetation, north of the Isle of Arran, Buteshire, Scotland. The other took place at the reserve in Nature Conservancy's in Tentsmuir, Fife, Scotland. A method that can be used to analyze ecological surveys by computers that has limited high speed storage is also suggested.

It is the purpose of this paper to look more closely than has so far been done at the influence of highland questions in Glasgow politics in the 1880's, and to set this against the background of highland migration to Glasgow and the development of socialism generally in industrial Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic computers have enabled the quantitative relationships between stratigraphic variables to be calculated for a sequence of Namurian (El zone) cycles deposited in a differentially subsiding basin east of Stirling. Despite their limitations, coefficients of correlation and linear regression equations provide a relatively simple means of expressing the relationships between critical variables and so provide a useful way in which various cyclically deposited sequences can be compared. All possible pairs chosen from eleven variables are investigated, including the total number and average thickness of cycles, total number of coals and total thicknesses of coal, sandstone and shale. These six variables all tend to show a linear relationship with total thickness of strata and hence net subsidence. A second part of this paper, to be published later, will examine the relationships between variables in more detail, using the technique of factor analysis. Third-degree trend surfaces of six of the variables show regional patterns that suggest the interaction between two extreme types of sedimentation patterns termed basin patterns and wedge patterns. These are thought to be related respectively to net subsidence and relative nearness to the shoreline. Trend surface residuals reveal well-defined local geological features, including a trough-like depression, which was commonly occupied by channels carrying sand, trending southwestwards from near Saline.

The article presents an analysis of regional types and social significance based on the economic classification of agricultural holdings in Scotland. According to the average number of employees forming the farm labour-team in each county, there are two classified types of lowland farm, namely dairy and mixed. The social status and functions of the farmers and farm servants are influenced by the number which composes the labour-team. Migration of farm servants annually is common in the lowlands, and in counties where farms alone are found, half of the junior pupils have come or gone from rural schools within the school year 1938 to 1939. It is noted that re-housing is feasible near the large arable farms, but hardly on small farms where dairy and other stock may require constant attention.

The paper is concerned with a method of organizing and analyzing information relating to human stocks and flows. The kind of statistical reporting system envisaged is of a traditional kind, but extended so as to record year-to-year changes of state. Life is divided into a number of sequences, each with its own set of characteristic classifications, to avoid an excessive proliferation of categories and so enable many analyses to be made with the kind of statistics already available in a number of countries. The need, for some analytical purposes, to combine classifications from different sequences is fully recognized; and this need indicates a direction in which statistical reporting systems should move in the future. The main analytical tool is a set of linear difference equations which, under suitable conditions, can be interpreted either in terms of an input-output system, as in economics, or in terms of an absorbing Markov chain, as in probability theory. A simple regression model is used to link characteristic classifications. About half the paper is taken up with numerical examples, mainly connected with the British educational system as it was in the mid-1960's. An application is also given to movements into, through and out of a psychiatric service system in Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unofficial strike described in this paper took place during a study of the sociology of a mine and a mining community in Scotland. The authors knew that a strike was imminent and, when the action threshold was thought to be near, one or the other kept a daily watch at the colliery. As a result the whole social process was observed except for a few minutes at the start. So far as the authors are aware this is the first detailed sociological description and analysis of a common enough social phenomenon. Lack of funds prevented further investigation of this nature, especially of the methods of prediction of the action threshold.

The article presents information about the conference of the Regional Association which took place in the Easter Vacation, being organized in conjunction with the Outlook Tower in Edinburgh, Scotland. The association has for aim the promotion of the study of regions and their communities and the civic and educational application of the results of such study. Its conferences invites attention from the sociologist, as an endeavor to correlate the particular interests and researches of many students and workers by applying them to the study of one region after another, each region in which the conference is held being taken as the social unit for observation and study. That increasing numbers are seeking in these regional methods a way out of the growing complexity, multitude and confusion of educational and social problems, is clear from the nature and diversity-in-unity of the papers and lectures which in this Edinburgh meeting were successfully arranged, to quote the aims of the association, to yield a concrete and unified view of the interplay between man and his environment, as exemplified in a capital city, at once historic and modern.

Examines the lateral preferences for hand and eye and awareness of right-left relationship among boys in Aberdeen, Scotland. Lack of differences in the lateralization of preferential hand and eye usage between two groups of readers; Analysis of intellectual performance in the retarded readers; Confusion in right-left identification of body parts in retarded readers.

This paper investigates damage to potato crops in Scotland by wireworms and other soil pests. Data have been obtained from the Potato Marketing Board. Potato fields were visited two or three weeks before crops were lifted and tuber samples were examined, weighed and graded in the standard crop-check manner. In general, crop checks were made on the same farms each year.

The article presents information on the future pattern of technical education in Scotland. The development of technical education in Scotland has been under discussion for some time by various bodies in preparation for the formulation of official policy, which has now been published. In the White Paper of 1956, a building program was outlined. The White Paper recognizes four broad categories of workers, namely, technologists, technicians, craftsmen and operatives. For the first category entrance qualifications to the appropriate courses of study are to be broadly equivalent to University entrance requirements; and the courses will last for either four years or three years. The success of the program depends on the adequacy and efficiency of the teaching force. Despite the increase in the number of full-time teachers in central institutions and further education centers from 1369 in 1956 to 1725 in 1959, it is estimated that an additional 280 teachers per annum will be required between now and 1965.

The article provides information on the proposed new school examination structure in Scotland. In a Report of a Committee of the Advisory Council on Education in Scotland, entitled "The Post-Fourth Year Examination Structure in Scotland," a proposal has been made about the certification of education. The Committee has completed its consideration of one part of its remit, namely, to consider the post-fourth-year examination structure in Scotland. The present Scottish Leaving Certificate has two grades, a lower and a higher, except in the subject of Mathematics in which additional papers may be taken by candidates in their sixth year. The new proposals would add an advanced grade not only in the subjects of the higher grade but also in certain other subjects not generally considered "academic." The main purpose of the advanced grade examination is to encourage the development of genuine sixth-form work in the last year of the pupils' secondary schooling. The Committee are aware of possible difficulties and defects in the working out of their proposals. The Committee make a unanimous recommendation that the higher grade papers should continue to be set, if only because the universities appear likely to base their own certificate of attestation of fitness on higher grade passes, and other professional bodies, as banking and insurance, recognize such passes.

The article focuses on the growth of the seaweed industry in Scotland. Seaweed has become the basis for the manufacture of light weight woolen fabrics, textiles, transparent paper, plastics, ice cream, custard powder and soup, the fining of beer, surgical soluble ligaments, medical capsules and dental powders. The Scottish government has provided funds for the scientific development of the industry which should eventually give steady employment in the sparsely populated Western Isles and Orkney. Scottish Seaweed Research Association Ltd. was started in June 1944. It received $100,000 from the government's development fund, and a similar sum from the trades concerned with seaweed research on a dollar for dollar basis, ending in June 1946. There are now 18 firms interested in the development of the seaweed industry.

The article presents information on the Regional Survey conference, which took place at the Outlook Tower during the week April 17-22, 1922 at Edinburgh, Scotland. The main idea of the Outlook Tower Committee was to presents Edinburgh from several prominent aspects, and to co-ordinate these aspects on Regional survey lines. The country area chosen for demonstration was the Gilmerton Ridge, a typical portion of the agricultural basin of the Esk, and indeed of the "Rural" Edinburgh region in general, this is a section above the Eskmouth area, which was surveyed last year. This study of the agricultural, mining, and paper-making industries gave idea of the occupational factor in the competition of the Edinburgh population.

This article focuses on the thirty-ninth Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology which was held in Glasgow on July 9, 10 and 11, 1959, under the Presidency of physician J. Ferguson Smith and Vice-Presidency of physician James Sommerville. The scientific programme began with a series of papers on malignant disease of the face and mouth. Professor E.J. Wayne described the main actions of the compounds in general and the particular properties of the more recently introduced drugs. During the scientific sessions, an exhibition was held in an adjoining laboratory, demonstrating the skill and artistry of the clinical and microscopical photography.

Let us begin with a brief review of the main documents which Scott had before him when he wrote his monumental Adam Smith as Student and Professor,[1] and the main assumptions which he made concerning their dates. First, there were "four documents, amounting to fifteen folio pages" which Scott discovered "amongst letters kept by Adam Smith.''[2] One of these documents, as Scott himself indicated, is very probably not by Smith, but a copy of a paper on prices which he had received from Lord Hailes.[3] A second, on moral philosophy, has recently been edited by Professor Raphael, who has quite properly questioned Scott's judgment as to date of composition, while indicating that it was probably written before the first edition of the Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759.[4] The two remaining documents--the really relevant ones so far as the present article is concerned--deal more or less exclusively with the division of labour, and were thought by [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the sediment yield in upland catchment areas in Scotland. Location and topography of the catchment areas; Ratio of reservoir capacity to the volume of the water flowing into it; Measurement of sediment thickness.

Focuses on the influence of weather on the production processes of forest of Sitka spruce near Aberdeen, in north-east Scotland. Botanical name of Sitka spruce; Aerodynamic characteristics of the forest; Formula that describes the wind speed dependence.

Information about the paper discussed at a symposium on textile processing of the British Polyolefin Textiles Association held in Edinburgh is presented. The making of textiles from plastic film was reported in which the chair of the group William Low disclosed that production of textiles from film is one the fast-growing sections in the textile industry. He revealed that manufacturers invested an amount in the extrusion and weaving of polyolefins and they focused on areas with unemployment problems.

Reports on the meeting conducted by the Scottish Dermatological Society in Scotland. Venue for the meeting; Research papers presented at the meeting; Contributors.

The article presents a questionnaire which aimed to evaluate trout angling potentials of fishing waters in Scotland. The paper served as an initial sifting process and was formulated base on some suggestions to increase the number of trouts for fishing by a countrywide survey of possible inlets. Some questions might appear irrelevant to the problem of assessing a trout fishery, however, the wash-in of organic matter and fertilizing chemicals around the land affected aquatic animals.

In an article based on a paper delivered before the British Association Mr. Sam Mavor, of the Glasgow engineering firm of Mavor and Coulson, discusses Suggestion Schemes as a Means of Promoting Co-operation of the Worker in Industry, and gives an account of one such scheme in operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the factors that relate to the stability of the Constabulary of Scotland. Scotland has 31 police forces in the different counties, cities, and combined areas serving the approximately 5.1 million inhabitants in the 31,000 square miles and the off-shore islands. Of the total 10,096 police officers in 1966 in the nation, 5,515 were on duty in the 13 urban areas and 4,581 in the respective counties. Apart from certain legal and administrative regulations, recruitment, and training the 31 police departments operate under the local supervision of the chief constable who in turn is responsible to the county or city council. In the 22 years from 1945 through 1966 the actual strength of the total police forces in Scotland has varied from the lowest number of 5,472 in 1945 to 10,247 in 1967. Tenure has a direct relationship to the stability of a police force because short tenure reflects rapid losses in manpower and ineffective operations. In the 15 years, the year 1966 is the only year in which losses exceeded accessions, 929 officers lost but only 779 gained making a shrinkage of 160. Turnover takes place because terminations or vacancies occur in the constabulary year by year. Several organizations representing various ranks among the constabulary play an important part in lending stability to police work in Scotland. The Chief Constables Association lends general oversight to the promotion of the welfare and efficiency of police work in the country.

The article analyzes the relations of the oats Avena sativa variety Victory with serpentine soils and offers information on experiments conducted to investigate the response of plants to serpentine soils. Based on the article, A. sativa has been used to assesses the nutrient characteristics of serpentine soils because symptoms of common deficiencies for the species have been well documented. A study has shown that the oats presented nickel toxicity symptoms when grown in a serpentine soil in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The experiments were done to determine it edaphic serpentine ecotypes exist in Europe.

The article presents the results of a quantitative survey on the soil pH and oxygen diffusion rate of a hill grazing located at the Ballochraggan, Port of Menteith, Perstshire, Scotland. The Bracken Eradication Experimental Station of the West of Scotland Agricultural College is formerly built on the location where the survey was conducted during the summer of 1968. The result of the survey showed that the Molina-Yardus vegetation located on a hill-top site possess the highest mean rates of oxidation. Moreover, low-lying swamp areas have the lowest aeration status. It was also recorded that the Calluna as well as hill-flush areas are moderately well aerated.