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The article presents the meeting schedule for The Institute of Management Science (TIMS). The 13th International meeting will take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from September 6-8, 1966. Warsaw, Poland, will host the European Section meeting from September 2-7, 1966. The American meeting is scheduled for April 5-7, 1967 in Boston, Massachusetts. Detailed meeting information is provided.

The article presents an announcement and meeting details of the Joint Meeting of the Econometric Society and the Institute of Management Science in Warsaw, Poland, from September 2-7, 1966.

After all, the most striking fact brought out by the currency experience of all Eastern Europe is that paper money continues to circulate fairly generally despite any degree of depreciation it may suffer, and for that reason a country is not literally forced to quit printing it because of its uselessness. This extraordinary vitality of paper money belies many of the prophecies, but it is really only a natural thing. If notes still pass when they have dropped to the tenth of their original buying power, why not, after all, when they have reached the hundredth or the ten-thousandth part of their former value. Each given stage may be considered a new starting point. He to whom currency is tendered thinks not of its value a year or a month ago, but of its value today and its probable value next week or next month. The degree to which depreciation checks the use of paper money depends upon the speed with which it is being put forth, not on the lowness of the value already reached. Moreover the question whether paper money will ever be redeemed, at par or any other figure, has very little to do with its circulation. Broadly speaking people give thought to the political and financial position of the government issuing the currency not as affecting its ultimate redeemability but only as affecting the probable rate of future emissions.

The article presents the autobiography of the sociologist Jan Szczepanski on the tribulations of a Polish sociologist. He started to study philosophy and sociology in 1932 at the University of Poznan, Poland, under Florian Znaniecki. He received the M.A. degree on the basis of a paper on the semantics of Husserl, and the Ph.D. degree on the basis of a dissertation entitled "The Idea of the Milieu in Rural Sociology," written under the direction of Professor Znaniecki in 1939. Both these works, prepared for printing in 1939, were lost during the war and have never been published, only several articles appearing at that time. He brought with him from his home an interest in rural sociology. His father possessed a small farm in the mountain locality of Ustron in Silesia. Work on this farm was therefore his first experience of any social importance. Sociology in Poland was quickly reconstructed. During the first post-war years the author wrote two textbooks, "Development of the Methods of Sociology" and "History of Social Thought in the Nineteenth Century." However, after the turn towards Stalinism, the publication of the manuscripts proved impossible. Instead he published many papers, and wrote in the weeklies, taking part directly in political discussions and polemics.

This article discusses the functions of Polish trade unions. The research material for this paper has been derived largely from Polish trade union publications. It is the contention of the author, that by examining the Polish trade union press, one can arrive at an objective presentation of the role that trade unions play in Poland. This paper will also attempt to examine the Soviet direction in which these unions have been moving. Moreover, the first to discard the tactic of trade union independence was not a trade union body but the Unity Congress of the Communist and Socialist parties. The part the unions played during the first post-war period in work competition did not take any definite organizational forms. Despite all the measures in Poland, which tend to lessen solidarity among workers, that solidarity continues to persist but its manifestations are different from the first post-war years. The fact that the trade unions, acting in concert with management, are driving workers to produce more, clearly indicates that there is no authority workers may appeal to for the redress of their grievances from the excesses of this programme. The reaction of the workers to this politicalization of all programmes, including entertainment, offered in the culture and recreation halls was to avoid them as far as possible.

This article discusses several papers related to economic history of Italy, published in the several journals. In a short paper "La Polonia medievale tra occidente ed oriente europeo," by A. Giesztor, the author examines economic conditions of central Europe, particularly of Poland about A.D. 1000, with particular reference to agriculture. The author decides that Polish agriculture was well adapted for a variety of crops. The paper "La structure economique et sociale de I'etat de I'ordre teutonique en Prusse," sets out to analyse the role that the Teutonic Order had in the life of Prussia. With an indubitable political function the Order showed also its efficiency in the economic sector, revitalizing internal and external commerce to a degree, which the author describes as exceptional. In 1454 the insurrection put an end to its regime in most of the country. B. Geremek deals with the problem of the origins of pauperism in an essay "La popolazione marginale tra ii medioevo e I'eta moderna'." As is evident from the title, the author believes that the problem of pauperism was born in the period of the transformation of society that occurred at the beginning of the modern era.

The article reports on the research functions of the Atomic Development Authority(ADA). The papers presented by Australia, Britain, U.S., Canada, Poland and France suggest that research concerned with bombs or radioactive poisons should be confined to the laboratories of the ADA. Sir Charles Darwin proposes the construction of two laboratories in North America, two in Western Europe, one in the southern hemisphere, and one in the U.S.S.R. Each laboratory should have a staff of 100 scientists with $10,000 salary.

Specimens of Stenostomum, which could be attributed to either S. anatirostrum or S. bryophilum, from Britain, Kenya and Poland have been described, and compared with published descriptions of similar material collected in Brazil and Finland. It is concluded that 5. bryophilum ought to be regarded as a synonym of S. anatirostrum. S. anatirostrum is a very variable species with a wide geographical distribution. It occurs in aquatic and damp terrestrial habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Polish research concerning the press. Both the theoretician dealing with problems pertaining to media of mass communications and the practitioner are interested in whom the broadcast material reaches, who reads the press. One may state that next to radio the press is the largest media of communication in the state. Press reading is a mass phenomenon in the post-war period. Everyday press reading involves the existence of two circumstances: subjectively felt need of information and appropriate amount of leisure. The comparison of the scope of press reading in several big towns indicates that a paper is taken everyday by adult inhabitants. Many researches emphasize the fact that one has an impression as if the conviction prevailed among those examined that press reading is an integral part of the socio-cultural pattern of towns' residents. The results of research prove simultaneously that the biggest scope of press reading is noted among younger people. Many authors draw attention to the fact that the lower the age of those examined, the more rare are cases of lack of dailies reading. All the more so, one finds out that younger press readers more often take several papers at a time than older people.

This article presents a summary of a paper on the social aspects of industrialization of People's Poland, submitted at the 1965 Congress of Polish Sociologists. The paper refined the concept of industrialization and its derivatives from the viewpoint of concern to sociology. It defined industrialization as the building-up of industry in countries where it did not exist or was very weak, and in which there is a change from a traditional society to one based on technical civilization. The type and course of industrialization are designated by entrepreneurs, capital, and manpower and its required quality. After discussion, the proposed scheme of industrialization stages was accepted as in general correct. The possibility was indicated of applying the stages conception in research and to verifying hypotheses regarding the interrelation between the industrialization stages on national and regional scale.

This article comments on a survey on the media of mass communication in Poland conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre of Polish Radio and TV. Among the many surveys conducted by the Centre those on the media of mass communication, particularly radio and TV, form a separate series of research projects carried out within the last few years. A short description of this research and the methods used will be given. A survey dealing with urban use of the press and wireless as well as opinions on information given by press and radio received from these sources was conducted in March 1959. The questionnaire was distributed to two samples. The first one comprising 1,300 persons in various towns, the second, approximately 800 persons in Warsaw. All respondents were over the age of 18. Survey in one of the voivodship towns to discover what changes were likely to occur in the circulation of two morning daily papers if one of them was changed to an evening paper was conducted in May 1959. The questionnaire was issued on a Sunday to every n-th person buying a paper at a kiosk. The sample comprised about 1,200 people. Survey on the interest shown in the economic information provided by press and radio, and people's opinion of this information was conducted in May 1960. Questionnaire was issued to a sample of about 800 members of the adult population of Warsaw.

The article comments on the development of the social sciences in Poland. The organization of periodicals is always linked with the structure of scientific institutions. This also holds true in Poland, and it is therefore useful to sketch the organization structure of the social sciences in order to understand the functioning of periodicals in scientific life. Polish scientific institutions are set up in several departments. The divisions among different institutions and organizational sections shape the character and functions of social science periodicals in Poland. The periodicals published by the universities and the Polish Academy of Sciences are of an academic character, i.e., they deal with theoretical studies, information on the advancement of science, methodological problems, etc. Periodicals issued by ministerial institutes which are subordinate to central institutions deal rather with practical problems, applied research in economics, sociology, psychology, social politics and the like. In turn the periodicals of scientific associations deal more with regional problems. This division is not entirely strict, for a number of periodicals devote part of their space to theoretical problems, a part to practical problems and a part to local matters.

The article presents information about politics and social change in Poland. The present paper deals with selected problems of relationships between politics and social change in a socialist society Poland. The author do not ate tempt to make it cross-nationally valid, through extensive comparisons between various socialist countries; some concept discussed, however, in the first part relate to general characteristics of the socialist society, rather than to specific Polish conditions. Social change is a broad concept. The major aspect of social change in Poland, as well as in other socialist societies, is a transformation of backward, mostly agricultural economy into developed industrial one. The process of industrialization-constitutes the major aspect of social change in Poland. Therefore, this discussion is mostly related to the interrelations between politics and industrialization, or-to put it differently-to the political problems of industrialization. Discussing the problem of political aspects of social change, the author pays a special attention to local politics.

This paper reports on a study of five different types of group care settings for children in Austria, Israel, Poland, and Yugoslavia, in which assumptions about intellectual, personality, and value development of group-reared children were tested. In general, the group-reared children appear to show no intellectual or psychosocial deficiencies when compared with children reared at borne. The group setting also seems to have the potential to change values. The author concludes that the conditions necessary for an environment conducive to change, as shown by these settings, may not be wholly acceptable to the American professional, but that he must surmount the conflict he feels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, which is based on an enquiry carried out in twenty villages in Southern Poland, the author investigates the fertility of two consecutive generations of peasant women. He shows that the richer the couple are, the more children they have. This is due to the earlier marriage of wealthier peasant girls, who thus begin to bear children sooner, and also bear them more frequently and for a longer period. This trend was very noticeable in the earlier generation, but shows signs of weakening in the present generation because of the spread of birth control which was first accepted among the richer peasants. Rich peasant couples not only produce more children, but a greater proportion of their children remain in agriculture. Larger peasant farms are thus sub-divided mote quickly than smaller ones, and a low standard of living results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the article "Polish Abstracts in English, Russian," published in the December 1954 issue of the journal "Chemical and Engineering News." Announcement of the issuance of Polish Technical Abstracts, covering Polish technical papers and books.

The article presents an announcement and meeting details of the Joint Meeting of the Econometric Society and the Institute of Management Science in Warsaw, Poland, from September 2-7, 1966.

This article presents a study on the factors which cause bias in a press questionnaire in Poland. It is a common belief that questionnaires of that type do not furnish data representative of all the readers because the samples of readers who took part in the survey consists of persons who have answered by virtue of autoselection from among all people reading the newspaper with the questionnaire. In attempt at the empirical examination of the range of bias of the material obtained from a press questionnaire was taken up in spring 1964 when the Glos Szcecinski was investigated. Another interesting phenomenon is almost identical percentage of pensioners and retired persons in the questionnaire and representative sample. The bias is smallest relation to the structure of age and the period of residence in Szczecin. The results obtained in this study have allowed for a proper formulation of problems and a few suggestions as to the further directions of analysis which might bring a fuller answer to the question what corrections and what limiting assumptions and methods of calculations must be applied so that a group of readers completing the press questionnaire could be taken as a substitute for the representative sample of readers of a daily paper.