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This article discusses the role of industrial manager in the community power structure of Canadian cities. Orientation of interest outside of the community circle has an important influence on the power structure of Canadian cities. The development of a branch economy has led to a nonpersonal involvement of industries in community affairs. The hypothesis of this paper is, that due to a branch type of economy, the power structure of a Canadian city does not coincide with the generally accepted American models. In summary, the civic organizations within the Border City area are seen as training grounds for future power-holders within the community. The industrial man is able to utilize this success not only for advancement within the civic functions, but also within his relative industry. The nationally and internationally-oriented members of the power elite, because of their megascopic image and their known activities outside of the community, need not participate fully within the area to maintain their positions. In conclusion, a community based on a branch economy will have a power structure that does not coincide with the generally accepted American model.

This article focuses on the assumption that a city's position in the urban hierarchy will affect the response of in-migrants to that city's growth in municipal expenditures and manufacturing employment. If the government wants to divert urban growth from a large central city to a satellite city, the corresponding policy must take into account the position of the selected new town in the urban system hierarchy. This paper has demonstrated that a city's position in the urban hierarchy will affect the determinants of that city's in-migration rate and therefore its growth experience. Central Canada is dominated by two regional urban system hierarchies the Toronto-centered and Montreal-centered region. The most striking difference between the two urban systems is the absence of the service sector in generating growth in any level of the hierarchy in the Montreal-centered region. This factor plays no role in independent cities in both Ontario and Quebec but even here the effects of manufacturing employment in generating growth via the in-migration rate is very much stronger in Quebec than in Ontario. One possible explanation for this might be the fact that Quebec is a much older province and was economically established long before Ontario. Quebec may therefore have a much older economic structure, established before the service sector reached prominence.

Increased attention has been devoted to the analysis of the way in which central place systems respond to changes in the economic-technical environment. In this paper the authors hope to provide some additional insights into this process through a study of changes in the functional characteristics of a central place hierarchy between 1961 and 1970. The area studied was the QuAppelle River basin in southeastern Saskatchewan. The selection of this geographical unit was dictated by the availability of a substantial quantity of primary data collected during 1970 while the authors were conducting an analysis of the economy of the basin for a federal-provincial study group. By fortunate coincidence the provincial capital, Regina, the largest city in the province, is located near the center of the basin. The study area thus includes the major part of that area within which Regina is the dominant nodal center. As is the case with most agricultural areas in the prairie provinces, the basin's rural population has been decreasing for many years. Within the basin the rural loss been somewhat more than offset by an increase in the population of incorporated centers.

Depopulation, vast increases in farm size, and an expanded physical mobility for farm people portend fundamental changes for settlement patterns in rural regions. Evidence of trade center decline is becoming increasingly apparent. Public policy may be needed to ensure adequate adjustment in areas which could be disadvantaged as a result of the lack of trade centers. Such policy must have some way of distinguishing the prospects for growth or decline within a system of rural villages and towns. However, there is little theory about diagnosing growth prospects of trade centers. An examination of the literature reveals certain insights which can be formulated into hypotheses and tested, thus yielding a sound basis for an analytical design of trade center changes. Recent studies in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island have shown the existence of several regular relationships in the growth of a center, its retail service level, and its location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Another transition in the evolution of the frontier in North America concerns what some sociologists call the "passage from commercialism to industrialism." They are thinking of mercantile towns becoming also industrial, and of industry as being more oriented to iron and coal, of ships of steel replacing ships of wood, a change that brought Quebec, maker of wooden ships, into decades of depression. Quebec did not have access to coal and iron. They note that Ontario, more favorably situated, wedged into the Great Lakes subregion where American industry was centering in the 1880's, was advantaged by the overspill of industrialism across the border. Growing so vigorously after 1870 from Pittsburgh to Chicago, Illinois, industrial urbanism could not live without finding wider markets in the hinterland, and Canada was just over the border. The compelling reach of the new cities followed the railroad in all directions. Despite the border and political efforts to spur self-growth, Canada from the Great Lakes westward could not meet this surge on the American side with an industrialism of her own, but she did benefit from it in different ways, for example, making use of American railroads for access to her own western regions, until the means could be found to build her own rail lines to the west. This on pushing industrial force pressing against the wilderness until all land and mineral resources had been possessed is too often overlooked in the studies of the frontier. The full meaning of the land frontier in the U.S. cannot be grasped if studied in terms of its own dimensions only.