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The article discusses a research paper on the vegetation of Natal, with special reference to the Pietermaritzburg district in South Africa. It considers the influence of topography and physiography and the concepts of stable and unstable habitats together with growth forms in considering the factors influencing the plant formations. The article also describes the seven plant formations of natural vegetation under which the vegetation of the district was divided. A number of plates and a vegetation map illustrates the research paper.

This paper considers empirically the relationship between noneconomic value commitments and the development of industrial entrepreneurship within a particular economically transitional society. The discussion below is based on research carried out among the Afrikaner population of the Republic of South Africa during 1968 and 1969. Our specific concern is with the role of Afrikaner nationalism in stimulating industrial entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the techniques used to secure the stability of race domination and to assess the probable consequences. If not, will the whites subordinate industrial development in the interests of apartheid or modify apartheid in the interests of economic expansion and thus set in motion unpredictable changes in race relations. Or will the whites persist in the policy of apartheid and economic expansion and in this way perhaps provoke a revolutionary challenge to the whole structure of race domination. Governments generally seek to control social change in such a way as to render their own power more secure. The techniques for control vary with the conditions in the society and the political philosophies of the rulers. Governments, in an attempt to further their own interests, may guide and initiate change, or they may emphasize the sanctity of tradition and resist all forms of social change. Either technique may fail in its objectives and set in motion unanticipated changes in the structure of power.

The article discusses the economic effects of the gold discoveries upon South Africa from 1886-1910. South Africa's gold discoveries present a peculiarly happy situation for a study of the changes accompanying these new conditions. Into this simple economy there suddenly burst a vast predominant force, creating a new industry overnight whose product, gold, should exercise its powerful effects upon the whole world. At first glance, it might be supposed that South Africa merely offers on a somewhat larger scale the conditions so ably discussed by a leading economist in his papers concerning the Australian discoveries. Unlike Australia which was soon provided with a domestic refinery and mint, the product of the South African mines, raw bullion, went out of the country in the same manner as any other merchandise export, without reference to exchange rates or specie points. It is, thus, the movement of coined gold and refined gold bars, not crude gold bullion, which must be watched as indicating shifts in South Africa's international trade position.

This article presents information related to various sociological affairs. The journal "American Sociological Review," plans to publish a special issue on Small Groups Research, as the October, 1954 issue. Fred L. Strodtbeck has consented to act as editor for this number. Papers are solicited from all who are engaged in current research in this field. They may be sent to the Editorial Offices, 116-A Smith Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. William O. Brown, formerly Chief of the Division of African Affairs in the U.S. Department, has been apointed Professor of Sociology in charge of the new African Studies Program. Prior to assuming his active duties in September, Brown spent several months in Europe and Africa surveying the resources for African studies. David R. Mace, Professor of Human Relations, has been invited by the Director of Social Affairs of the South African Government to visit the Union of South Africa in the spring of 1954. The main purpose of his visit will be to help build up the marriage guidance services throughout the Union.

This paper reports on an interview study of contraceptive practice among a representative sample of 1,022 white married women in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was found that most of the couples have used contraception at some time during their married life, the highest use being among fecund couples. A high proportion of couples used contraceptives before their first pregnancy, and a very small proportion of fecund women never use any form of contraception at all during their married lives.

Contrary to predictions of early political breakdown, the South African government seems to have successfully maintained itself and to have maintained internal stability in South Africa. The aim of this paper wilt be to relate this political stability to economic causes and to indicate the nature of these causes by qualitative models supported, where possible, with quantitative data. Models of this nature are, of course, never perfect. The models to be outlined here are no exception. Nevertheless they may be useful, in that they do seem to offer an adequate explanation to the observed situation, and where inadequacies remain, they could be modified to allow for them. Modification may be possible, because a deliberate effort has been made to keep the models simple; in the belief that although simple models may require more assumptions than those more complex, they are more useful, for they cause fewer difficulties in application and interpretation. The study is, in addition, as the title indicates, an application of economic argument to a political problem. The writer, although not without economic training, is not an economist but a political scientist. Treatment of the subject matter may, as a consequence, differ in method and terminology from that which would be employed by an economist. It is with the belief, however, that problems related to economic development and cultural change are, by their very nature, interdisciplinary, and that the economists' models may provide a fruitful basis for a common discourse among the social sciences that the present effort is undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reply by the author regarding criticism of his article "The Afrikaners as an emergent minority." The author points out that the critics of his article fail to convince him that Afrikaners are geographically and culturally isolated. The author is annoyed when critics underestimate the offences of English-speakers over Afrikaners and the fact of their economic minority status. The author had nowhere offered an interpretation of apartheid theory in any terms. The critics have stated that many Afrikaners take an alternative view of Blood River as punishment of the Zulus. Such a view, if taken, is however not inconsistent with a belief in the existence of a military threat. The assertion that there has been a virulent English press throughout South Africa's history does not enhance their credibility. South Africa's history is far longer than the history of South Africa's press. The author had not said that the Voortrekkers are taken as a role-model or that Afrikaners overlook internal dissent.

The article presents some facts on the ecology of Bifurcaria brassicaeformis, the only species of the Fucalis genus in South Africa, which forms extensive intertidal communities. B. brassicaeformis is an endemic species with a limited distribution range. It then briefly considers the complex current system off South African coasts and stresses that B. brassicaeformis is most typical of temperatures intermediate between those of the cold waters off the west coast and of the warm waters east of Cape Agulhas. In addition, the plant also occurs as a common rock-pool species especially in the lower half of the intertidal region. Other significant information related to the matter is also provided.

On any map of South Africa, the African Reserves appear as a sprawling, horseshoe-shaped series of spidery ink splodges up the eastern part of the country, divided down the right hand half of the "shoe" by the Drakensberg escarpment. The Reserves are about 36 million acres in extent, or roughly 12 percent of South Africa's total surface area. Attention focused recently in journals and elsewhere on the Reserves has stressed political above economic factors. In particular, the granting of a small measure of autonomy to the transkei (the largest Reserve) has been highlighted. But even complete political autonomy (a very distant prospect) would be a fragile achievement unless fortified by the realization of economic potential. Economic development thus assumes an importance in the long run at least equal to political development. In this paper it is proposed, therefore (1) to describe the reasons for the relative economic backwardness of the Reserves (i.e. as compared with other parts of South Africa); (2) to briefly mention some proposals for development and actual government policy in the Reserves in recent times; and (3) to suggest how this policy needs to be changed. As a preface it is useful to summarize the political background to the present economic development program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier and spectral analysis of rainfall records at 163 South African stations over the period 1910-1969, and at thirty-nine stations from 1880–1969, shows that cyclical fluctuations with periods of about 18–20, 13–15, 10, 4.5, 3.5, 2.8, and 2.3 years account for much of the observed rainfall variance over the country. These fluctuations exhibit distinctive regional distributions that appear to have changed little over the last century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing pattern of race relations in South Africa, characterized by authoritarian repression of nonwhites, provides an unstable social climate. This paper examines currently discussed alternatives and finds them wanting in terms of their practicality. A realistic appraisal of the global situation of South African society suggests that the equitable partition of South Africa into two viable autonomous states may be the optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the factors underlying change in the South African general election of 1970. The general election of 1970 represented the first occasion in approximately a quarter of a century in which the United Party was able to make significant gains at the expense of the governing National Party. The "swing" of 4.3 per cent to the United Party was a small but important one. It is conceivable that a large number of English voters who supported the Nationalists in 1966 and who returned to the United Party were influenced by the split within the National Party, although they may not have been aware of this reason when deciding to shift their allegiance. There seem to have been several influences bearing on the behaviour of young Afrikaners. Amongst these are some of the products and by-products of the "permissive society." Differences between the younger and older generations of Afrikaners have been evident over the past few years and have manifested themselves in such diverse activities as style of clothing, views on enjoyment, sexual mores and the meaning of religion. A re-orientation of political thinking might simply be an outgrowth of this influence.

The article focuses on the political attitudes of multiracial South Africa. It explores how political attitudes evolved in the African society from apartheid to new elite. It also cites various categories used in considering the political influences such as the moderating influences that encourage the nonracial ideal, the radical influences that contribute to the political assertion of the African majority, and Pan-Africanism that helps to focus attention on the entire continent.

The Republic of South Africa offers the marketer a special challenge in its clear- cut stratification in multiple cultures, modulated by stronger cross-cultural currents than most outsiders perceive. Homogenization versus heterogenization as a deliberate strategy frequently becomes a critical choice. The white minority of the population enjoys a standard of living comparable to most West European countries. The vast majority is represented by Bantu, economically better off than Negroes elsewhere in Africa. Consumer-oriented marketing management holds a key to continued rapid improvement — and self-improvement — of Bantu life. Indeed, by effective action in this regard business may importantly contribute to the bridging of the gaps between the races, a likely condition of long-term survival of the Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American business firms, with a few notable exceptions, have done very little to improve the position of the three least favored groups of people in South Africa¿Indians, Coloreds, and Blacks. General Motors and Polaroid have improved wages and other benefits to their employees. Other American firms should reduce discriminatory practices to effectuate principles applied in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the responses of Jews to two questions which formed part of a questionnaire on Jewish identification in Johannesburg, South Africa. It says that the questionnaire was administered to a stratified random sample of 283 Jews. The questions asked were: (a) in what ways, would you say, do Johannesburg Jews, in general, resemble one another and differ from non-Jews? (b) in what ways would you say that you resemble other Jews and differ from non-Jews? In conclusion, it says that there are three aspects of the South African condition which appear to be relevant to the understanding of the Jewish self-image.

The article compares the teaching of reading in the three main sectors of the Cape Town population in South Africa. The three distinct groups of children are the European, the Colored and the Bantu. The European children speak two languages, Afrikaans and English. The Colored population has informal learning of the alternative language outside the classroom and little actual teaching of the second language. The method of teaching was structured with different reading groups and a systematic program of studying words and practicing phonic skills. The Bantu schools are involved with basic issues of literacy. The European teachers are worried by a declining interest in and standards of reading of their older pupils. The method of teaching used by the Colored teachers was much less complex.

The article focuses on the condition of coloreds and discusses the ethnology of South Africa. A theoretical analysis suggests that Coloreds feel both "relatively deprived" in comparison with whites and "relatively gratified" in comparison with Africans, that they believe they may eventually be accepted by whites, and that individually they have difficulty identifying with the broader Colored community; in short, seemingly ideal conditions for the emergence of a "Colored Bourgeoisie" rather than a "Colored Power" ideology. White South Africans often respond to foreign criticism of their racial policies with the retort that outsiders "don't really understand the situation." Accounts by historians or political scientists, for example, often give the impression that a violent upheaval on the part of South Africa's non-whites cannot be long in coming. Whether this mood will continue to grow at universities and elsewhere is a key to the political future of Colored South Africans, and perhaps the entire country.

In the present study a sample of white English speaking South African students was asked to detail their voting preferences prior to the 1970 general election and complete personality and attitude questionnaires in order that some indication be gained of the voting patterns obtaining in this minority group as well as the pattern of psycho-social attitudes pertaining to each voting group. The data indicates that there is little to choose between persons voting for either the United or Nationalist parties, in terms of general authoritarianism; the difference in voter choice being in prejudice held, with Progressives showing significantly less prejudice than the others. The young White voter seems to vote Nationalist out of some need for ideological commitment--he is relatively speaking consistent in his ethnocentrism and social distance whilst the United Party voter appears to support that party for non-ideological reasons, since there seems no consistent relationship between prejudice variables indicating a lack of ideological motivation, or at least consideration given to the relationship between attitudes held.

The article discusses the occurrence of Salix humboldtiana in temperate South America at or near the latitude of Buenos Aires. It is cited that Lucien Hauman refers to the occurrence of the genus as a riparian shrub in the Monte, where the vegetation is xerophilous. It is mentioned that the occurence of this willow is as far south as the lower reaches of the River Chubut. It is said that the river is approximately 44 degrees of south latitude, 9 degrees farther south than Cape Agulhas in South Africa.

The article focuses on various events organized to mark the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa and the Botanical Society of South Africa. It states that the year 1963 was designated as South Africa's Floral Year, and a Jubilee Council with H. B. Rycroft, Director of the Kirstenbosch Gardens, as Chairman and Colonel I. P. S. Terblanche as Jubilee Director planned a program extending through the year. It offers information on the exhibition "Kirstenbosch, Past and Present," and other exhibitions which featured South African botanical literature, botanical art, medicinal and toxic plants, and paleontology. It also offers information on a botanical tour of the Republic of South Africa organized in September and throughout October 1963.

The agricultural-labor problem of the Union of South Africa is complicated by the competition between commercial agriculture and industry for labor, by racial and cultural heterogeneity, by the impact of an exchange economy upon a primitive tribal economy, by the unbalanced distribution of labor supply in relation to industry, and by the pressure of population on land. The effects of these disturbing factors are evidenced by social and economic instability, problems of health and nutrition, and low standards of living. Efforts to increase the efficiency of native agriculture arc being made, but funds available are woefully inadequate. The agricultural-labor problem cannot be solved without some modifications in the entire domestic economy of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which investigates some aspects of the interaction of plants, rabbits and seabirds on nine islands in South Africa. One of the most important results of the study is the intense competition between plants and animals for the space available on the islands, particularly on breeding areas. Rabbits, which are very rare on the African mainland because of the abundance of predators, exert a profound influence on the island vegetation, while bush-nesting birds are linked with the start and end of the rabbit plagiosphere, but are excluded from the middle phases which are occupied by ground-nesting birds. Moreover, branch conformation of shrubs has an important bearing on selection of nest site by cormorants.

The article presents a study of mangrove swamps in Natal and Pondoland, South Africa. It shows that the southernmost of the mangrove swamps are more typically zoned than the northern and that the atypical zonation is due to the presence of sand which appears to restrict the growth of certain species, such as Bruguiera, Rhizophoram and Ceriops. It suggests that where mangroves develop into a typical mangrove swamp, they are accompanied by the same assemblage of animals, where in the animals, with a few exceptions, do not extend to the south of the southernmost mangrove swamps. It concludes that the mangrove fauna is in fact a fauna of very sheltered marine shores and not an estuarine one, not a fauna characteristic of regions with a salinity gradient, but of regions with avariable salinity.

The article presents a study on the ecology of a South African fen, Groenvlei. It relates that Groenvlei is a shallow coastal lake between Wilderness and Goukamma River on the south coast of South Africa where rainfall is evenly distributed and it is also described as calcareous due to the presence of sand dunes as well as eutrophic by nature. The study describes the trends in plant succession which include the primary succession leading to fen carr as well as the secondary succession due to human utilization of the fen. The study also identifies a slight tendency to isotropic conditions and the vegetation of sand intrusions, sandy fen margin and dunes surrounding the lake.

The article presents a study that examines the ecology of the intertidal plant and animal communities in Zwartkops Estuary in South Africa. These communities include the fauna of solid substrata and the fauna of sand and mud banks that is composed of the epifauna and the infauna. A discussion about the nutritional relationships of species, the biotic factors influencing animal and plant distribution, the commensalism relationship of some species, and the zonation of animals on mud flats and sand banks in the estuary is also provided.

The article presents an ecological survey of plants and animals in the intertidal regions of the Zwartkops estuary near Port Elizabeth in South Africa. The Zwartkops river enters Algoa Bay some 10 kilometers north-east of Port Elizabeth. The estuary's associated water forms include large sand banks and mud flats, which has near proximity to industrial areas of Port Elizabeth. The article is divided into four parts: introduction, topography and description of the estuary, the physical and chemical features, and the zonation of plants. Discussions under the physical and chemical features include climate, salinity, temperature, substratum, turbidity and pollution. The zonation of plants is divided into three: upper and middle reaches, lowere reaches, and higher zones.

The article presents a preliminary account of the aquatic and sub-aquatic vegetation and flora of the Witwatersrand. The area investigated extends from Florida, nine miles west of Johannesburg, to Brakpan, twenty-three miles east of the city. The sheets of water are classified into different kinds. Artificial dams are usually in connection with gold mines and of little botanical interest. Semi-natural lakes are made by the artificial damming up of natural streams. Finally, natural sheets of water which are pans or shallow depressions whose origin is in dispute and streams and their backwaters.

The author suggests several locations in South, Central and East Africa that he considers desirable for ecological surveys. The territories suggested for consideration include the Union of South Africa, Swaziland, Basutoland, Bechuanaland, Southern and Northern Rhodesia, Nyassaland, Uganda, Tanganyika and Kenya. The objectives of the ecological surveys are outlined, including gaining information as to the nature, development and ecological interrelations of the more important biotic formations and the succession stages leading to these. The suggested procedure for the ecological survey is described.

The article presents an analysis of the features of plant communities on Table Mountain in South Africa. The analysis has found that the plant communities have large and varied population, and that individual plant species are in most cases not evenly distributed through the area of the community. Using the sample quadrat method, the authors were able to classify the species in accordance with Raunkiaer's life-form and leaf-size classes. It relates the findings of the examination of stages in succession.

The article presents a study that examined the factors that contributes to the vast vegetative succession in South Africa. It discuses the factors as well as determines the role of climate difference on the region's vegetation and notes climatic factors as the basis of the classifications. It also enumerates the three cycle of vegetative successions, which include regional succession, topographic succession and biotic succession and details on the plant's succession on bare rock-surfaces and clefs in the South African land.

Examines gold-mining taxation as it relates to national planning in South Africa in 1932-1937. Pursuit of a policy that fostered manufactures and agriculture at the expense of the mines; Increase in the price of gold in 1933; Imposition of heavy taxes on the gold premium; Exploitation of low-quality ore; Attempts to reach a compromise between long-term stability and immediate profit.

The settlement of Natal in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by colonists from other parts of South Africa and from Europe resulted in a conflict of ideas. The country was seen as excellent pastoral land by the Cape Trekkers, who entered from the interior of South Africa, and as good arable land by the British, who entered by sea from Europe. The difference in assessment persisted throughout the colonial period, despite several unsuccessful attempts at agricultural settlement but growing awareness of the limitations of the environment enabled a partial compromise between the two schools of thought late in the period. The unsatisfactory land laws had a profound effect upon development in the nineteenth century, arid some aspects are sill! visible in the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines some theories and explanations for the Jameson Raid of the gold mining industry in the Transvaal, South at the end of 1895. In swinging towards political events in their search for the causes of Raid, recent historians tried to avoid the discrepancies that stalked a more economic interpretation. First, they doubted if Rand mine-owners had really serious grievances against the government. Second, they assumed that all mine-owners had similar economic interests, but that in turn raised the dilemma of why some mine magnates supported and some opposed or ignored the plans for rebellion. Third, they either were frankly puzzled by the dilemma or resolved it by showing that personal rivalries or nationalist sympathies pushed mine-owners into rival camps. The main gold-bearing formations at Johannesburg were parallel reefs that ran roughly east and west near the Witwatersrand Range. The reefs mostly came to the surface of the farmlands and from 1886 were worked by companies in which engineers and financiers from the Kimberley diamond field were often dominant. The early companies were the outcrop mines, and their head frames and mill chimneys soon marked the course of the outcrop for miles on either side of Johannesburg like factories along a railway line. The outcrop companies needed little capital to sink their shallow shafts into the reefs, and often early profits from gold financed their capital expenditure.

The key to explaining and predicting changes in South African society lies in the fact that a cutting point can be defined on the dimension of power-authority-ability to make or influence decisions affecting the life chances of the whole population-that comes very near dividing "whites" from "nonwhites." If (1) the dominant issue is the distribution of power- authority and (2) "the South African problem" is viewed as a two-party conflict with racially defined parties, then there are eight possible resolutions of the conflict, classifiable as annihilative, integrationist and separatist. The available evidence indicates that from least to most likely are annihilative, integrationist and separatist resolutions. Within the separatist category, secessionist resolutions appear less likely than a segregationist resolution-specifically a form of segregation clearly leading to a federal structure. Analysis of the South African case suggests for comparative research generalizations about intrasocietal racial conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With special reference to South Africa, the theoretical implications of two salient characteristics of African societies are examined, namely pluralism and the rapid rate of change. Certain inadequacies of functionalist theory and acculturation studies are explored, and it is suggested that a functionalist approach be complemented by a Hegelian-Marxian dialectic, stripped of any single-factor determinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to give a brief, realistic analysis of the controls operative in the Union of South Africa, a society characterized by fundamental changes of race and culture. The submission of the underlying non-white millions is a function primarily of the political monopoly by whites of the economic power, political authority, and social resources of the Union. White dominance has a solid economic foundation. Thus, while the rural non-European population is at least eight times that of the European, seven of every eight acres of land are owned by Europeans. The colored people in the country are generally landless laborers and in the city propertyless proletariat, while the white collar class is negligible. Income and wages reflect a gross racial differential. Associated with the economic subordination of the non-European group is their relative political impotence. Almost literally, South Africa is a captive state, whose machinery is used by whites to further their interests. South Africa may be regarded as a racial state, with a repressive policy in relation to its second class citizens of color.

There is much evidence to support the contention that discrimination against the blacks in the Union of South Africa is more far-reaching, more cynical, than in any other self-governing country in the modern world. The Negro in America is at least by law considered a citizen, whose rights are identical with those of any other citizen. The disparity between theory and practice is regarded by men of good will as a blot upon America's honor, so that constant pressure is exerted to abolish discrimination. That goal is far from being achieved, but candor compels the admission that the status of the Negro has, for all its present limitations, enormously improved in the past quarter century. In South Africa, on the other hand, the Native (as he is called) is not a citizen. There is no statement in any official document that he is the equal of the white man, nor any pretense that he has equal rights with whites. He and his fellows constitute a group apart, with special legislation to govern every aspect of their life. With minor exceptions, the Native may not vote, own land, bear arms in defense of his country, enter an occupation of his choice, live where he pleases, nor leave the Union.

This article analyzes the replies to certain questions on ideal family size, family planning and the limitation of offspring and attitudes towards the use of contraceptives of white married women in a fertility study in a Johannesburg, South Africa. Replies to questions on the above topics are correlated with certain sociological variables such as home language, religion, educational status, family income and occupation. The application of these controls to the sample data revealed some interesting differences in outlook with regard to family size, family planning and the use of contraceptives.

During the 1957-58, the Social Research Unit of the University of the Witwatersrand undertook a study of "reproductive, facts, norms and attitudes among the various socio-economic groups of the white population in Johannesburg." This article presents the results of that part of the inquiry concerned with the incidence of sterility and fecundity among white marries women. It seeks to report how the nature and incidence of fecundity correlates with certain demographic and social variables such as age and duration of marriage, the use of contraception, fetal deaths, religion and occupational status.

This article presents a study of fertility in Alexandra Township, an urban African community situated about eight miles from the center of Johannesburg, South Africa and housing approximately 80,000 Bantu people. It is felt that there are very real advantages in surveying the region with regard to fertility patterns and infant mortality trends using the Entokozweni sample. In attempting to measure Bantu fertility in South Africa, the demographer is faced with very great difficulties. Birth registration among the Bantu is still the exception rather than the rule. Age-specific fertility rates, which relate the number of births to the number of women in each of the quinquennial age groups of the childbearing period, are also calculated for the survey sample.

Very little is known with regard to differential fertility in the Union of South Africa, even for the European population. This is due to the absence of vital statistics for the majority of the population, and the failure to record details regarding income, occupation, socio-economic status, literacy, religion, etc., at the registration of births for those ethnic groups with compulsory birth registration. At the censuses of 1921 and 1926 questions were included on the marital fertility of Europeans but, apart from other deficiencies in the data, the intervening period is too short for significant comparisons to be made. No comparable material is available for other ethnic groups. This article attempts to describe the most important territorial patterns in fertility among Europeans and non-Europeans in 1911 and 1936 respectively, and the changes, which took place between these two dates. Analyzing the effective fertility rates does this and net reproduction ratios or approximate net reproduction rates in magisterial districts, as well as the provinces, the rural and urban areas and the principal towns and cities at the two dates.

What Southern Africa will look like a generation from now is an immediate problem for the South African Government's top policy makers, who realise the precarious nature of apartheid. These planners have rejected both the do-nothing approach of the right-wing elements (e.g. the Republican Party) in South Africa and the multi-racial society solution pressed by Mrs Helen Suzman, the only Member of Parliament of the (relatively) left-wing Progressive Party. Between these two alternatives a host of partition schemes have been advocated, and one of them has been accepted: the ‘Bantustan’ proposals. By geographical isolation of each of the non-White ethnic groups into separate homelands or ‘Bantustans’, leaving the remainder of the territories of South Africa and South-West Africa to the Whites, the Nationalist Government is proceeding to change the face of Southern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article investigates the educational background of the white elite in South Africa. The author identifies the universities for the white elite in the country and describes their characteristics. According to the author, the examination of educational background contributes greatly to an understanding of the character of the elite itself. The author adds that it is a feature of schools for the elite to foster close personal relationships among students which persist into later life. How these schools shape the elite of the country, and how the elite, in turn, influence the general society, are further discussed in the article.

The article presents information on ethnic attitudes and station explosion at Johannesburg. At 4: 33 P.M. on July 24, 1964, an explosion occurred in the main concourse of the Johannesburg railway station. A suitcase containing dynamite and petroleum had been placed in one of the waiting rooms of the Whites only concourse. The explosion took place shortly before the main rush of homegoing workers. At the time of the explosion there were several hundred people in the concourse. An elderly woman who was seated close to the suitcase lost her life. The explosion at the Johannesburg station to be likely to be viewed by the general public against the background of sabotage attacks, prevalent at the time, which were aimed ostensibly at securing political advances for nonwhites in South Africa. The Johannesburg station explosion was also preceded by the arrest of a large number of persons under the 90-day clause. Any view of the incident as the work of a crank devoid of political significance, was probably dispelled by a statement issued by the Minister of Justice shortly after the explosion had occurred.

The article examines the significance of magic and sorcery in playing football or soccer among the Zulu in South Africa. Each football team employs an inyanga, or Zulu doctor, who strengthens his own team by magic and ritual and forestalls the sorcery directed at his team by rival inyangas. The success or failure of a team depends on the skills of the inyangas aside from the natural talent of the players. The inyanga is replaced when a team constantly loses instead of the players. A goat is slaughtered before a season opens to invite good luck, and another is slaughtered to mark its end.

The article outlines a study on personality and sociocultural prejudices in intergroup attitudes in an attempt to gain a cross-national perspective on both factors. The study focuses on two areas in the world where the manifestation of prejudice is evident including the Union of South Africa and the southern U.S. Authoritarianism and other externalization factors are associated with prejudice in South Africa and the southern U.S. The extensive racial prejudice of individuals from both areas are directly linked with the antiblack mentality of the two cultures.

The article presents a discussion on the Afrikaners as an emergent minority. Sociologist Drew Archibald's recent article on the Afrikaners achieves its stated aim of contributing to an understanding of the Afrikaners' behaviour and attitudes. However, his thesis requires qualification since some very important recent trends among Afrikaners are completely ignored. By disregarding emergent differences within the Afrikaans-speaking community he presents a view of the Afrikaners that can be very misleading. Archibald's arguments would have been much more valid had they referred to the Afrikaners of ten to fifteen years ago. Afrikaans group has largely emerged from its former minority group orientation, and that only certain factions continue to be influenced very strongly by the pressures of the past. The Afrikaner group is rapidly assuming the identity of a bureaucratically organized white elite, and as such, their stance is coming to resemble that of the English-speakers more and more closely. Accurate theoretical analysis of the caste-system as it operates in South Africa requires that certain important additional factors be recognized.

Understanding of the Afrikaners' present behaviour and attitudes is perhaps facilitated by viewing them as an emergent minority. They have enjoyed political supremacy for so long that this is difficult at first. However, the required alteration in focus has merits simply as an exercise in objectivity, and may also serve to illustrate the unpleasant truth that the worst effects of discrimination are often on personalities of its victims. Few care to recognize the extent to which minority status can be morally disabling. The Afrikaners' experience includes military defeat and occupation, a long history of discrimination of many kinds and at least two determined attempts to suppress their language. It should perhaps be emphasized that since minority status is relative, Boers under British rule were no less a minority than the still lower status Africans. Minorities come into being because territory, political authority, people, and culture only rarely coincide. At various times and in different areas Afrikaners have been subject to a wide variety of governments, both their own and other peoples.