Search

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the electronic Compassion Competence Scale (e-CCS). Methods: A cross-sectional, randomized, two-period crossover design was used. Nursing students from four South Korean universities were surveyed between June 2017 and April 2018. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups-paper/paper, electronic/electronic, and paper/electronic or electronic/paper-and a test-retest procedure was implemented. The reliability and validity of the e-CCS were evaluated using linear weighted kappa coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Internal consistency reliability was verified using linear weighted kappa coefficients and ICCs. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the initial test and retest scores were all statistically significant. Results: The newly developed e-CCS was found to have good reliability and validity. We suggest that future research should increase sample heterogeneity by recruiting diverse age groups, nurses working in different nursing fields, and students from multiple colleges. Conclusion: This electronic instrument will help determine the differences in the level of compassion competence and devise interventions to improve compassion competence in nurses and nursing students. Further studies on enhancing compassion competence among nurses and nursing students may rely on the use of this electronic format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare data based on computerized and paper versions of health status questionnaires (HSQs) for sampling patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). In addition, to examine associations between patient characteristics (age, education, computer experience) and differences between versions. Finally, to evaluate the acceptability of computer-based questionnaires among patients with FM.Method: The study population comprised female patients diagnosed with FM. All patients completed six HSQs: the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ), the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Self-Assessment Questionnaire (GAD-10), both on paper and using a touch screen. One HSQ was tested at a time in a repeated randomized cross-over design. The two versions were completed with a 5-min interval and between each HSQ the participants had a 5-min break. Means, mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), medians, median differences, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for all HSQs, including relevant subscales. Associations between patient characteristics and differences between versions were explored using Spearman's correlation coefficients.Results: Twenty women, mean age 48.4 years, participated in the study. Except for one item, ICCs between touch-screen and paper versions of the HSQs examined indicated acceptable agreement (ICC = 0.71-0.99). Overall, mean and median differences revealed no differences between versions. No significant associations were observed for patient characteristics. None of the participants preferred paper questionnaires over computerized versions.Conclusions: The computerized HSQs using a touch screen gave comparable results to answers given on paper and were generally preferred by the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To conduct psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the National Health Service Sustainability Model as an instrument to assess the sustainability of innovation in the Chinese nursing setting. Background: Evidence‐based practice is recognized worldwide as a way to improve the quality of healthcare; however, many evidence‐based practice programmes decline over time and do not sustain the benefits of their improvements. A sustainability assessment tool is used internationally but its use has not been validated in China. Design: A methodological study to test instrument validity and reliability. Methods: The data collection was conducted from 15 June 2022 to 31 August 2022. The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the sustainability model was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the model's structural validity. Results: Four hundred eighty‐three questionnaires were returned, of which 478 were valid. The short time taken to evaluate the Chinese version of the sustainability model demonstrated its efficiency and ability to adapt to a busy clinical environment. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model and supported the convergence validity of the sustainability model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.905 for the total scale, which indicated good internal consistency. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the Chinese version of the sustainability model is a valid, reliable and efficient tool for measuring the sustainability of evidence‐based practices in Chinese nursing settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? As evidence‐based care grows in China, there are increasing numbers of programmes for evidence‐based practice.Evidence‐based practice leaders in China are currently focused on the implementation of evidence, with little focus on the maintenance of evidence after implementation.There is a lack of tools to assess the sustainability of evidence‐based practice in China. What this paper adds? This study further validates and refines the National Health Service Sustainability Model (NHS SM) in China's busy, centralized and paternalistic nursing clinical settings.Bridges the gap in sustainability assessment tools in China by introducing an evidence‐based practice sustainability assessment tool and further validating and refining the model in busy, centralized and paternalistic nursing clinical settings. The implications of this paper: Provide support to nursing professionals when selecting tools to assess the sustainability of evidence‐based practice in order to promote programme maintenance, avoid wasted upfront resource investment and achieve long‐term programme benefits.Provide a reference for professionals in other countries to introduce sustainability assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory on a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Background: Measuring the self‐care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is vital to promote the performance of effective self‐care behaviours. However, few instruments have been developed to measure self‐care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the existing instruments lack theoretical support and satisfactory psychometrics properties. The Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness has been developed and tested previously in Italian and US population. Design: A cross‐sectional instrument development study. Methods: Construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, and reliability internal consistency using factor score determinacy coefficients. Results: A convenience sample of 185 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from September 2020 to January 2022. The instrument consists of three scales: self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring and self‐care management. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the three scales produced good fit indices. The internal consistency was adequate with factor score determinacy coefficients ranging from 0.891 to 0.953 in Self‐Care Maintenance Scale, 0.990 to 0.993 in Self‐Care Monitoring Scale and 0.750 to 0.976 in Self‐Care Management Scale. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has acceptable reliability and validity. Some differences from the original instrument were identified. Further validation studies should be conducted to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in Chinese population. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness has been used to direct clinical nursing practice for coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic illnesses and has been shown to have good guiding significance for clinical nursing practice for the self‐care of clinical chronic illness.In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, self‐care has a significant positive effect on preserving disease stability and enhancing health‐related quality of life.There is a shortage of moderate length evaluation instruments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐care with comprehensive theoretical assessment content, but the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory, based on the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness, has been demonstrated to have positive application effects in Italy and the United States. However, its applicability in China is unclear. What this paper adds? This paper indicates that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has good reliability and validity and can reflect the self‐care ability of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. The implications of this paper: The results show that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory is simple and accessible, and nurses can use it to assess patients' capacity for self‐care regularly.The Chinese version of the Self‐Care Scale has different dimensions from the original scale, indicating that different medical backgrounds and varying understanding of concept of self‐care in various nations may result in various self‐care behaviours.To ensure its wider application, the development of this scale necessitates cross‐cultural adaptation of populations in more countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some studies have researched the correlation between flipped learning and cognitive learning outcomes; however, there is a paucity of research elaborating on the effects of flipped language learning on cognitive load (CL). Objectives: This study investigates the effects of using flipped learning designs (student‐led, teacher‐led and collaboration‐led) on learning outcomes and CL management during out‐of‐class activities versus during‐class activities. Methods: A mixed methods research was used to concurrently triangulate different strands of data on the effects of flipped learning designs on English as foreign language (EFL) learners' learning outcomes and CL. A total of 122 EFL learners were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group and participated in the study. The interpretations were made based on running one‐way analysis of variance between four groups. Results and Conclusion: This study evidenced the efficacy of the interactive use of collaboration‐led flipped learning design over student‐led and teacher‐led designs for improving learning outcomes and lowering CL during computer‐assisted language learning (CALL) course. Pedagogically, CALL practitioners need to develop and integrate a well‐organized combination of student‐led and teacher‐led flipped learning activities for during‐class and out‐of‐class phases with respect to the CL and learning material complexity, while also considering the specific contexts and goals of their instructional settings. Theoretically, the results indicate the necessity of merging active learning and sociocultural theories into an instructional design to take advantage of the identified affordances of flipped language learning approach in terms of psychological effects (CL management) and learning effects (CALL outcomes). Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: The flipped language learning approach involves receiving online instruction outside the classroom and is a learner‐centered pedagogy. What this paper adds: This study contributes by triangulating different strands of data on the effects of flipped learning designs on learning outcomes and cognitive load.The findings highlight the effectiveness of collaboration‐led design for flipped language learning, facilitating engagement in both out‐of‐class and during‐class activities. Implications for practice: The findings emphasize the importance of designing and implementing instructional designs that align with emerging educational technologies.Teachers should consider the flexibility, fluency and novelty of the learning material when designing flipped learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined the validity of hand therapists' self-report of cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) risk factors by comparing the self-report to observations performed by the raters. Inter-rater reliability was also analyzed between the raters who observed the hand therapists. Study Design: Two raters simultaneously observed each hand therapist during a splinting task at a therapy facility. Following this task, the raters and the hand therapist independently completed an identical assessment tool. Thirteen therapists were observed and a total of six raters observed the therapists. Responses from two categories of the self-assessment, 'posture' and 'mechanical stress', were compared. percentage of agreement was calculated by dividing the number of like responses by the total number of possible responses for each category. Results: Overall inter-rater reliability was 72%, significantly above the accepted minimum standard of 60-70%, and validity was 39%, significantly below the accepted minimum. Conclusion: The high percentage of inter-rater reliability established consistency and accuracy among the raters in their observations. However, the low percentage of validity should prompt hand therapists to investigate the accuracy of a patient's self-report before relying on it for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has approximately 23 million children without parental care, who need alternative forms of care (MOSPI, 2018). Udayan Care, an NGO, designed an innovative group care model for children and youth in need of care and protection, implementing the indigenously developed LIFE (Living in Family Environment) strategy in 17 Udayan Ghars. (Sunshine Homes). With child participation as a core pillar, Udayan Care developed a Questionnaire to Assess the Needs of Children in Care (QANCC) in 2011, which is to be filled up by children annually, as a longitudinal study. The tool is conceived to ascertain whether children in the Ghars perceived if their rights were being fulfilled and that their needs were being addressed. With "meaningful participation" of children stipulated by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the objective was to develop an evidence-based tool to assess the views of children on the services meted out to them, from their standpoint, and inform actual care practices annually. The self-assessment tool consists of questions, assessing the four dimensions of basic/fundamental, emotional, educational, and interpersonal needs, on a four-point Likert rating scale. A convenient purposive sampling is done on children, aged 10 to 18 years, who receive care and protection at the Ghars, and have resided there for a minimum of 6 months. This paper has two objectives, where at one end, the deductions of the previous years' data are made (2011–12 to 2016–17) with demarcating the differences with year 2018–19 data and at the second level, there is an update on the efforts made to establish the reliability and validity of the tool and create a standardized tool that can be implemented by other child care organizations in India. The paper illustrates how listening to direct voices of children and incorporating their inputs into actual care practice, can go a long way in improving the holistic wellness of children living in an alternative care setting. The results indicate that all needs of the majority of the children in Udayan Ghars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to translate the Stoma‐quality of life into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties in Chinese patients. Background: Quality of life is an important issue for patients with colostomy, and its appropriate and precise measurement is beneficial to promoting better care. The Stoma‐quality of life questionnaire has been widely used; however, the validity and reliability of its Chinese version has not been determined. Design A cross‐sectional validation study was conducted. Methods: We translated the Stoma‐quality of life into Chinese using standardized methods. Then it was psychometrically tested on a convenience sample of 513 patients with colostomy. Construct validity was evaluated via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha and the split‐half Spearman–Brown coefficient. Results: The content validity, the Cronbach's α coefficient and the Spearman–Brown split‐half reliability coefficient indicated adequate validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis yielded four common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.5%. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the Chinese version of Stoma‐quality of life is an effective and reliable measurement for evaluating the quality of life of patients with colostomy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Quality of life (QOL) is an important issue for patients with colostomy, and it is conducive to evaluate the effect of specific treatment and nursing interventions. However, a tailored instrument measuring QOL in Chinese patients with colostomy is lacking.The Stoma‐QOL is a widely used stoma‐specific instrument based on Hunt and McKennal's basic QOL demand model and has shown acceptable psychometric properties. What this paper adds? This study provides evidence of the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Stoma‐QOL‐C.The four‐factor structure of the scale shows the aspects and complexity of QOL of patients with colostomy.The study proves the Stoma‐QOL‐C a valid and reliable measure of assessing QOL of patients with colostomy. The implication of this paper: The Stoma‐QOL‐C could be used as a disease‐specific scale to evaluate the QOL of patients with colostomy.This study adds the knowledge of the psychometric properties regarding the inventory in diverse cultural backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a competence‐based human resource management scale to improve managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers in public hospitals. Background: To ensure the high competence of the first‐line nurse managers, the competence‐based human resource management should be evaluated using the best‐fit instrument. However, no instrument has been identified in the hospital setting. Methods: This methodological study consists of three main steps: (1) generating scale items based on literature review and expert interviews, (2) pilot testing of face and content validity and (3) evaluating psychometric properties with 300 first‐line nurse managers from 16 public hospitals in Indonesia selected using a multistage sampling. Data were collected from May to December 2017. Principal component analysis and Cronbach's α were used for construct validity and internal consistency reliability. Results: The final scale consists of 30 items in five dimensions, which explained 65.48% of the total variance. The dimensions include 'training and evaluation, career planning and development, rewards scheme, recruitment and selection, and appraisal system'. Cronbach's α for the scale was.89, with a range of.85 to.88. Conclusion: The competence‐based human resource management scale is reliable and valid to use in public hospital settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The concept of competence‐based human resource management has been applied worldwide in every organization, and it is applicable to use for developing managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers. Therefore, the effectiveness of this management system should be assessed via a valid and reliable instrument.Several instruments to measure competence‐based human resource management have been developed, but no instrument has been identified to measure competence‐based human resource management specifically in hospital settings. What this paper adds? This study developed a scale designed to measure competence‐based human resource management to support improvement of first‐line nurse managers' managerial competence in public hospitals.The scale demonstrated sound psychometric properties with acceptable internal consistency reliability, content validity and construct validity.The scale consists of 30 items in five dimensions: training and evaluation, career planning and development, rewards scheme, recruitment and selection, and appraisal system. The implications of this paper: This study expands the basic knowledge of competence‐based human resource management as a concept with five dimensions that can be used in nursing organizations, and it can be used in quality assurance systems in public hospitals settings in Indonesia.The scale can be used as a feedback for first‐line nurse managers to see the impact of competence‐based human resource management framework on their competence and helps to identify which dimension of human resource management needs further improvement.With further research, the scale may be of use in other countries and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Nursing Knowledge is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Literature on the prevention of medication errors is growing, highlighting that knowledge, attitude and behavior with regard to medication errors are strategic to planning of educational activities and evaluating their impact on professional practice. In this context, the present pilot study aims to translate and validate nursing professionals' knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB theory) concerning medication administration errors in ICU from English into Persian. Furthermore, two main objectives of the project were: performing a pilot study among Iranian nurses using the translated questionnaire and carrying out a cultural measurement of the KAB theory concerning medication administration errors in an ICU questionnaire across two groups of Italian and Iranian populations. Methods: A cross-cultural adaptation of an instrument, according to the Checklist for reporting of survey studies (CROSS), was performed. The convenience sample was made up of 529 Iranian and Italian registered nurses working in ICU. An exploratory factor analysis was performed and reliability was assessed. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the measurement invariance. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: There was an excellent internal consistency for the 19-item scale. Results regarding factorial invariance showed that the nursing population from Italy and Iran used the same cognitive framework to conceptualize the prevention of medication errors. Conclusions: Findings from this preliminary translation and cross-cultural validation confirm that the questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument within Persian healthcare settings. Moreover, these findings suggest that Italian and Persian nurses used an identical cognitive framework or mental model when thinking about medication errors prevention. The paper not only provides, for the first time, a validated instrument to evaluate the KAB theory in Iran, but it should promote other researchers in extending this kind of research, supporting those countries where attention to medical error is still increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of providing evidence about doctor-managers' resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, this study analyzes the characteristics of 114 doctor-managers operating within the Italian National Health Service (NHS). During the emergency, doctor-managers had to show adaptive capacities to deal with unexpected situations and develop new paradigms, procedures, and quick responses to patients' needs. This is in line with resilience, and in this perspective, it is crucial to investigate resilience determinants. The paper, therefore, provides an identikit of the resilient doctor-manager. The research was conducted between November and December 2020. Primary data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of six sections. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Data were analyzed using quantitative techniques and employing Stata 16. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to test construct validity and scale reliability. Results show that increasing levels of individual resilience are related to increasing levels of managerial identity. Moreover, physicians' individual resilience has a positive association with commitment, knowledge diffusion, and Evidence-Based Medicine adoption. Finally, physicians' individual resilience has a negative association with their role in the university, their specialty, and their gender. The study suggests some practical implications for healtcare organizations. In general, career paths are decided primarily on competency assessment, while an important role should be devoted to behavioral characteristics. Furthermore, organizations should take care of the levels of individual commitment and encourage professional networking because both help doctor-managers cope with uncertainty. The originality of the study relies on a fresh look at all previous work. There are currently few contributions in the literature to explore and investigate resilience elements in doctor-managers during the pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The transition from teacher‐centred towards student‐centred approaches in English language teaching, accompanied by developments in educational technology, has attracted researchers' attention to reverse teaching or flipped class. The related literature asserts that this mode of instruction might influence instructors' and students' participation in the class. Objectives: To shed more light on the role of flipped class in affecting language learning strategies and skills, this study applied a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods approach to explore the impact of flipped class on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills. Methods: Forty‐six intermediate EFL learners with an age range of 21–27, studying at a private language institute, were randomly divided into two groups of 23 learners. The two groups were randomly assigned to a flipped class, which received writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills through video clips before the class time, and a non‐flipped class, which received writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills in a conventional way during the class time. Results and Conclusions: The results revealed that both flipped and non‐flipped classes improved the EFL learners' writing metacognitive strategies, writing performance, writing content, and writing organisation. Furthermore, one‐way ANCOVA analyses indicated that the flipped class outperformed the non‐flipped class in writing metacognitive strategies, writing performance, writing content, and writing organisation. Thematic analyses, which were used to help analyse individual semi‐structured interviews, uncovered a number of categories and themes, signifying the flipped learners' positive perceptions towards the flipped class, such as enhancing motivation, self‐confidence, and writing collaboration. Implications: Pedagogical implications were discussed for flipping writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Metacognitive strategies, including planning, monitoring, and evaluation strategies, help English language learners become more successful writers.Writing skills, including writing content, writing organisation, and language use, help learners deal with collaborative writing activities effectively.Flipped class has been shown to be an effective mode of instruction to improve English language learners' language learning strategies and skills. What this paper adds?: Flipped class improves English language learners' writing metacognitive strategies, writing performance, writing content, and writing organisation.Flipped class is more effective than non‐flipped class in improving English language learners' writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills.English language learners' motivation, self‐confidence, and writing collaboration are increased as a result of the flipped writing course. Pedagogical implications: Writing metacognitive strategies and writing skills need to be flipped in English language contexts in order to free up time for more effective in‐class collaborative writing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documentation of clinical outcomes is increasingly expected in delivery of prosthetic services and devices. However, many outcome measures suitable for use in clinical care and research have not been psychometrically tested with prosthesis users. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest reliability, mode of administration (MoA) equivalence, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum detectable change (MDC) of standardized, self-report instruments that assess constructs of importance to people with limb loss. Prosthesis users (N = 201) were randomly assigned to groups based on MoA (i.e., paper, electronic, or mixed mode). Participants completed two surveys 2 to 3 d apart. Instruments included the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire--Mobility Subscale, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, Quality of Life in Neurological Conditions--Applied Cognition/General Concerns, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, and Socket Comfort Score. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated all instruments are appropriate for group-level comparisons and select instruments are suitable for individual-level applications. Several instruments showed evidence of possible floor and ceiling effects. All were equivalent across MoAs. SEM and MDC were quantified to facilitate interpretation of outcomes and change scores. These results can enhance clinicians' and researchers' ability to select, apply, and interpret scores from instruments administered to prosthesis users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aims of this work were to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Self‐Management and Transition to Adulthood with Rx = Treatment Questionnaire. Background: Children and young people with chronic diseases are expected to start self‐managing their diseases and have a smooth and coordinated transition from paediatric‐ to adult‐oriented care. Design This study involved the cultural adaptation of a questionnaire into Chinese and examined its factor structure. Methods: This was a multicentre cross‐sectional study of children and young people/adolescents (8–18 years) who were diagnosed with chronic diseases in China from June 2016 to December 2018. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to analyse the questionnaire's validity. Results: Four major factors were identified in the Chinese version of the questionnaire, and it had a good fit to the target population. The internal reliability was good. All factors were positively and strongly correlated with the total score. The t test revealed that the Medication Management score was not significantly different between two age groups (8–11 and 12–18 years), but the scores of the other factors and overall scale were lower in the 8–11 years age group. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the questionnaire has good reliability and validity in the Chinese context. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Over 90% of children and young people (CYP) with chronic diseases will survive into adulthood with their diseases, and they are expected to have an effective and coordinated health‐care transition.The Self‐Management and Transition to Adulthood with Rx = Treatment (STARx) Questionnaire is reported to be a useful tool for evaluating the transition readiness of CYP with chronic diseases. What this paper adds? This study is the first to apply the STARx Questionnaire to chronically ill CYP in the Chinese context, and it includes rheumatic diseases, renal disorders and diabetes.Four factors were identified—Medication Management, Health‐Care Engagement, Provider Communication and Disease Knowledge—and the questionnaire has good reliability and validity in the Chinese context.The Medication Management score was not statistically significantly different between two age groups (8–11 and 12–18 years), but the scores of the other factors and the overall scale were lower in the 8–11 years age group. The implications of this paper: The Chinese version of the STARx Questionnaire (STARx‐C) was shown to be a useful and reliable guide for nurses to identify the capacity of CYP with chronic diseases in terms of self‐management and, accordingly, to implement specific caring plans.Younger CYP should be more comprehensively supervised, whereas the older CYP need care providers to identify a suitable time for their transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the relationship between nurse practitioner work environment and nurse practitioner outcomes (job satisfaction and intent to leave) in the United States. Design The study used a cross‐sectional survey design to collect survey data from primary care nurse practitioners in six states in the United States. Methods: We sent mail surveys to 5689 eligible nurse practitioners in Arizona, New Jersey, Washington, Pennsylvania, California and Texas. The mail also contained an online link. Participants could complete either the paper or online questionnaire. In total, 1244 participants completed the survey in 2018–2019. The work environment was measured using the Nurse Practitioner‐Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire comprised of four subscales: Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations, Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations, Independent Practice and Support and Professional Visibility. Global items measured job satisfaction and intent to leave. We used mixed‐effect proportional‐odds cumulative logit models to assess the association between work environment and job satisfaction and intent to leave. Results: Overall, 90% of participants were either very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their job and 22% reported intent to leave their job in 1 year. With a one‐unit increase in the organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations score, the odds of having a higher job satisfaction level increased by about four times and the odds of intent to leave job decreased by about 60%. A higher organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations score was significantly associated with higher job satisfaction and lower odds of intent to leave. Conclusion: Improvements in work environments may improve nurse practitioner job satisfaction and retention. Impact This study examined the relationship between work environment, job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurse practitioners. Better work environment is associated with higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Findings have implications for clinical leadership who can take actions to create better work environments to increase the nurse practitioner workforce capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to cross‐culturally translate and adapt the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire into Arabic and subsequently evaluate the psychometric properties of that translation in a population of Arabic patients. Method: The original English version of the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire was translated into Arabic following a process recommended by the World Health Organization. A convenience sample consisting of 268 Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease was recruited from a university‐affiliated hospital in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected from October 2018 to March 2019. The factor structure, face and content validities, and internal consistency of the Arabic Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (A‐CSEQ) were evaluated. Results: The factor structure analysis supported a three‐factor high‐order structure of the A‐CSEQ. Face validity showed that the language used, style, and format were clear. The content validity demonstrated a very good content validity index. The reliability was good with ranging from 0.89 to 0.93 for all questionnaire subscales. Conclusion: The A‐CSEQ is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the cardiac self‐efficacy of Arabic patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Further assessment of the psychometric properties of the A‐CSEQ with different cardiac problems is now recommended. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and are increasing progressively particularly in the Middle Eastern countries.High self‐efficacy level is associated with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle by patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).There is no valid and reliable Arabic tool to measure cardiac self‐efficacy among CHD patients comparable with the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (CSEQ). What this paper adds? The Arabic version of the Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (A‐CSEQ) is a valid and reliable instrument to assess cardiac self‐efficacy level among patients with CHD.Using Modern Standard Arabic (Fusha) during the translation and cross‐cultural adaptation process makes the A‐CSEQ more broadly applicable for a range of cardiac patients in Arabic‐speaking countries. The implications of this paper: Nursing leaders can use the translated version of Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire to evaluate cardiac self‐efficacy and to improve self‐management skills of patients with CHD in Arabic‐speaking countries.Measuring the self‐efficacy levels of Arabic speakers using the A‐CSEQ can help nurses applying secondary prevention intervention measures and developing cardiac rehabilitation programmes in Arabic‐speaking countries.The A‐CSEQ can be used in further research in the future, through implementing comparisons between study outcomes in Arabic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method of collecting real-time data based on repeated measures and observations that take place in participant's daily environment. EMA has many advantages over more traditional, retrospective questionnaires. However, EMA faces some challenges to reach its full potential. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) investigate whether and how content validity of the items (i.e. the specific questions that are part of a larger EMA questionnaire) used in EMA studies on physical activity and sedentary behaviour was assessed, and (2) provide an overview of important methodological considerations of EMA in measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods: Thirty papers (twenty unique studies) were systematically reviewed and variables were coded and analysed within the following 4 domains: (1) Content validity, (2) Sampling approach, (3) Data input modalities and (4) Degree of EMA completion. Results: Only about half of the studies reported the specific items (n = 12) and the source of the items (n = 11). None of the studies specifically assessed the content validity of the items used. Only a minority (n = 5) of the studies reported any training, and one tested the comprehensibility of the EMA items. A wide variability was found in the design and methodology of the EMA. A minority of the studies (n = 7) reported a rationale for the used prompt frequency, time selection, and monitoring period. Retrospective assessment periods varied from 'now' to 'in the last 3.5 hours'. In some studies there was a possibility to delay (n = 6) or deactivate (n = 10) the prompt, and some provided reminders after the first prompt (n = 9). Conclusions: Almost no EMA studies reported the content validation of the items used. We recommend using the COSMIN checklist (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) to report on the content validity of EMA items. Furthermore, as often no rationale was provided for several methodological decisions, the following three recommendations are made. First, provide a rationale for choosing the sampling modalities. Second, to ensure assessment 'in the moment', think carefully about the retrospective assessment period, reminders, and deactivation of the prompt. Third, as high completion rates are important for representativeness of the data and generalizability of the findings, report completion rates. Trial registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO, the International prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number: CRD42017077996). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The reduction of the violence and child abuse requires the cooperation of national and international health-related organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of NGOs in health and peace development through administrating supportive programs for child abuse and violence victims. Design/methodology/approach: The present research was a mixed method research, and the type of research was a descriptive-analytic study. To collect data, library and field methods were used. The research sample included 137 staff members of the NGOs supporting children in Tehran. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: According to authorities and members of the NGOs supporting children, networking and affective factors played a significant role in the development of health and peace (P<0.01). This was feasible by controlling the factors affecting violence and child abuse. Practical implications: Given the fact that NGOs are contributing to the development and establishment of peace through effective participation and networking, trying to support the victims of child abuse and violence, the need for more attention from governments is recommended in order to support these organizations, especially legislative and financial support is needed to expand the activities of such organizations. Originality/value: This paper is original in its method, topic and findings. The first is mixed method research, which has studied the role of networking of NGOs for peace development through implementing support programs for victims of child abuse and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is already known about this topic?: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have elevated risks for physical health problems and low screening rates.No previous studies have compared the physical health promotion needs of people with SMI using the same screening tool across different international settings. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: It appears feasible to use the HIP to profile and compare physical health‐related risks in people with SMI across different international settings.The HIP tool identified significant differences in areas of risk across the four countries. What are the implications for practice?: The HIP could be used to identify unique clusters of health promotion needs in different countries.Use of HIP health checks may support implementation of individualized interventions. Introduction: To date, no studies have contrasted physical health profiles of people with severe mental illness (SMI) in different countries. Aim: To evaluate feasibility of using the Health Improvement Profile (HIP) to compare and contrast physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI from four countries. Method: An observational feasibility study using secondary analysis of pooled health state and lifestyle data. Physical health checks using modified versions of HIP were administered in four countries. Results: Findings suggest feasibility of HIP screening to profile and compare physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI across international settings. High overall numbers of risk items (red flags) were identified in all but the Thailand sample. Despite some commonalities, there were important differences in health profiles across countries. Discussion: This is the first study to demonstrate feasibility of the HIP to compare health risks in individuals with SMI across countries. Future multi‐national HIP studies should recruit a fully powered stratified random sample of people with SMI that is representative of each setting. Implications for practice: It appears feasible to utilize the HIP to identify specific areas of health risk in different countries, which may help to better focus nursing interventions and use of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper was to translate the English version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale into Mandarin and to test the psychometric properties of the Mandarin version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale. Design: This research is a cross‐sectional survey, using convenience sampling. Methods: The English version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale was translated into Mandarin Chinese. From June–August 2020, 736 inpatients from 50 tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou were recruited to assess the psychometric attributes of the Inpatient Dignity Scale. Results: The Mandarin version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale consists of expectation and satisfaction subscales. It differs from the English language version, as the expectation subscale includes three dimensions and the satisfaction subscale includes two dimensions. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the expectation subscale and the satisfaction subscale were.820 and.965, respectively, and the split‐half reliability of the expectation subscale and the satisfaction subscale were 0.740 and 0.928, respectively, indicating good internal consistency and effectiveness. Known‐groups validity was established, as 70% of the hypotheses were supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The literature shows a clear relationship between a good therapeutic relationship (TR) and the efficacy of nursing interventions.For the implementation of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, the initial establishment of a good TR is essential.Several instruments assess the relationship established between the therapist and the patient in psychotherapy. However, no tool has been found to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study allowed the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a scale to assess the TR between the nurse and the patient in a sample of mental health nurses.The developed scale (Therapeutic Relationship Assessment Scale‐Nurse) has psychometric properties that attest its reliability (internal consistency and test–retest) and construct validity as an instrument to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient from the nurse's perspective. What are the implications for practice?: As the TR is crucial for providing nursing care and, in particular, for implementing nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, the scale developed is a valid tool to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient in the perspective of the mental health nurse.The use of instruments to assess the quality of the nurse–patient TR facilitates the identification of the relationship's gaps, which can serve as a basis for improving the relationship itself and the nursing care provision. Introduction: The therapeutic relationship (TR) is essential to providing psychiatric and mental health nursing care. Nevertheless, no assessment tools exclusive for assessing nursing TR were found in the literature. Aim: To describe and evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability and construct validity) of a scale that allows assessing the quality of TR established between the nurse and the patient. Method: A survey method was adopted, using a convenience sample of 356 mental health nurses. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Omega index. Results: A total of 221 mental health nurses participated in the study (response rate = 62.08%). The scale's final structure has 25 items. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93, ranging from 0.78 to 0.88 for each of the factors. The cumulative variance explained in a four‐factor structure was 71.12%. Discussion: The Therapeutic Relationship Assessment Scale (TRAS)‐Nurse presents good psychometric properties. In the light of Benner's theory, it can be an useful tool for novice nurses to better understand what aspects they should pay attention to for establishing a successful TR. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses can use the TRAS‐Nurse, thus having a scale available that allows them to self‐assess the quality of TR they establish with their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of the stigma construct for the rehabilitation of people with severe mental illness, there are still no scales that offer a measurement for public stigma in Spanish with good psychometric properties. The aim of this paper is to refine and improve an existing scale to measure public stigma towards people with severe mental illness among the Spanish population. We also intended to decrease the number of items in order to facilitate its applicability. 402 college students (73% women) responded to the attributional questionnaire (AQ27) in two subsamples. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis with high cutoffs were conducted. The convergent validity with the resource allocation questionnaire was also tested. We have obtained a parsimonious tool, with 14 items and four factors, and some reliable psychometric indexes and convergent validity. The factors obtained were dangerousness-fear, lack of solidarity, coercion and avoidance. These results improve the findings from other studies that try to validate the AQ27 in other languages. We discuss the different factors that should be considered in the estimation of public stigma and the necessity to implement programmes to reduce it to enable recovery. Since the public stigma of mental illness is an obstacle to recovery and rehabilitation, reliable instruments are needed to assess it. A parsimonious instrument in Spanish with good psychometric characteristics for measuring public stigma is obtained. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a questionnaire of 14 items is obtained. Four factors constitute the instrument: "dangerousness-fear", "coercion", "lack of solidarity", and "avoidance". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital competence is critical for university students to adapt to and benefit from digitally enhanced learning. Prior studies on its measurement mostly focus on educators and relied on factor analyses. However, there is a lack of valid and convenient tools to measure university students' digital competence. This study aimed to develop a digital competence scale for university students (DC‐US) in digitally enhanced learning with robust psychometric properties. An initial DC‐US with 23 items was proposed to measure the single latent trait of digital competence. It was validated and refined continuously through a pilot study, a main study and a predictive validity study in three datasets involving 825 participants altogether, using factor analyses, Rasch analyses and the partial least squares modelling. The final DC‐US turned out to comprise two subscales: technical literacy and digital skills, with 10 items retained, and manifested high internal consistency, unidimensionality and measurement invariance. The scale also demonstrated strong predictive validity, with technical literacy greatly predicting digital skills, which negatively predicted technostress. The DC‐US enables instructors and school administrators to conveniently obtain preliminary information of university students' digital competence, informing their digital class preparation and development of timely interventions for addressing digital deficiencies. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Digital competence is critical for university students to adapt to and benefit from digitally enhanced learning (DEL).There is a lack of valid and convenient tools to measure university students' digital competence.Prior studies on its measurement mostly focus on educators and relied on factor analyses. What this paper adds?: A unidimensional, valid and unbiased digital competence scale was developed for university students.Rasch analyses and classical test theory were employed jointly for the scale development.The digital competence scale comprised two subscales: Technical literacy and digital skills. Implications for practice: University students can use the scale for a quick self‐assessment of their digital competence before joining DEL.Instructors can use the scale to gain an initial knowledge of their students' digital competence to inform digital class preparation.University administrators can rely on the scale to quickly evaluate the implementation effectiveness of DEL schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To discuss and provide examples of how mixed-methods research was used to evaluate the integration of nurse practitioners (NPs) into a Canadian province. Background Legislation enabling NPs to practise in British Columbia (BC) was enacted in 2005. This research evaluated the integration of NPs and their effect on the BC healthcare system. Data sources Data were collected using surveys, focus groups, participant interviews and case studies over three years. Review methods Data sources and methods were triangulated to determine how the findings addressed the research questions. Discussion The challenges and benefits of using the multiphase design are highlighted in the paper. Conclusion The multiphase mixed-methods research design was selected because of its applicability to evaluation research. The design proved to be robust and flexible in answering research questions. Implications for practice/research As sub-studies within the multiphase design are often published separately, it can be difficult for researchers to find examples. This paper highlights ways that a multiphase mixed-methods design can be conducted for researchers unfamiliar with the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC)‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ feasible and generate valid measures of success performing CIC? CIC is the primary treatment for neurogenic bladder. However, instituting CIC with children can be challenging. Currently there are no validated instruments to measure the abilities of paediatric patients and their caregivers to perform CIC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a modified version of the Intermittent Self Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q) in children with neurogenic bladder and their caregivers performing CIC. Children with spinal dysraphism, such as myelomeningocele (MMC) may face urologic challenges related to neurogenic bladder including renal compromise, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence due to bladder deterioration. CIC is an important intervention in the management of patients with neurogenic bladder. There are no valid tools currently available to measure the success of CIC in paediatric patients or their caregivers. A non‐experimental, psychometric research design was employed for this pilot study. Data collection was performed using online and paper surveys. The ISC‐Q was modified into two versions for use in the United States, one for caregivers of children on CIC (CIC‐cgQ) and one for paediatric patients on CIC (CIC‐childQ). A convenience sample of subjects was recruited from Spinal Differences Clinic and the local spina bifida support group. Informed consent was embedded in the invitation letter/email with survey completion indicating consent to participate. Criterion related validity was described using known group sum scores along with Cronbach's α for internal reliability. The tools were pilot tested on 15 caregivers and four children. Cronbach's alphas were.84 and.83 for the caregivers and children, respectively. Subjects identified a priori as successful with CIC scored higher than those identified as unsuccessful. The CIC‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ are valid and reliable measures of the impact of CIC on the lives of caregivers and children. Future studies with larger sample sizes will allow further psychometric testing. This instrument gives researchers the ability to measure the impact of CIC on the lives of children and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term Non-Medical Surgical Assistant (NMSA) encompasses all roles where healthcare clinicians without a medical degree provide clinical services during the perioperative cycle. The role of NMSA is gaining momentum within Australia. It is timely to ascertain who is preforming the role and quantify the practice setting and scope of practice to enable a nationally recognised platform for role evolution. For two months in 2015 a NMSA Practice Audit was available online. Sampling was initially of a convenience modality. A total of 83 clinicians responded. The majority of NMSAs were experienced RNs [>11yrs]; held post-graduate qualifications [80%], practiced predominantly in metropolitan areas [65%] and had been performing the role for 8 years or less. The specialty with the highest uptake of the NMSAs is orthopaedic surgery. This paper provides an overview of NMSAs practicing in Australia and provides cost effective evidence of the need for this service in Australian healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the present era of modernization, the social group members interact with each other with selfish and unselfish intents. However, the unselfish means and ends build a long term relationship among people. On the other hand, selfish ends bud out unethical means such as abuses, violence and fights. The situation becomes tough when the same becomes evident among the family relationship and as a consequence the elderly are being treated unfairly. Out of such cases, some are reported and the majority of them remain unreported, which eventually becomes the cause of concern for the social welfare agencies. Thus, this paper aims to examine the elder abuse (EA) tendency in metro, non-metro and religious cities. Design/methodology/approach: For this study, a mixed-method approach is used to develop survey instruments, validate findings using qualitative and quantitative data sources for better generalization of results. The present study explored and confirmed the related factors using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for the establishment of a valid scale of EA. Further, the difference of perceptions among the elders for abuse across the metro, non-metro and religious cities was statistically checked using the ANOVA and post hoc techniques. Findings: The present study identified the traces of EA and created a comprehensive understanding of it. The present study manifests the prevailing practices of EA in society by discussing the demerits of dependency and modernization. Moreover, the present study assesses the pervasiveness and the repercussion of dependency and the impact of modernization on EA followed by a discussion on how the victim elders may handle the situation. In the present study, a scale is developed to identify EA because of the dependency of the elderly and the modernization of society. Originality/value: Some exclaiming thoughts such as the dependency of elders elevate the chances of EA on one side, while modernization of society hampers the social/family bonding leading to EA. The inconsistent development across the region has created modernization as a significant factor for EA. The level and depth of modernization across locations such as metro, non-metro and religious cities are the cause for varying degrees of EA. Based on the literature review, the present study has sensed the presence of EA in society at large by developing a scale for the aforesaid purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-family enrichment refers to the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in another role, and the bidirectionality indicates that benefits derived from work can be applied to family and vice versa. Parent nurses, that is, female nurses who are raising preschool children, play a major role at work and in the family. Thus, work-family enrichment is significant for them. The Work-Family Enrichment Scale cannot be generalized to parent nurses. This study was aimed at developing and psychometrically validating a draft Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,090 parent nurses who were randomly sampled from hospitals with more than 200 beds in Japan. The survey evaluated (1) a draft Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses, (2) the Japanese version of the Work-Family Enrichment Scale, and (3) the Positive Spillover Scale. The scales were psychometrically evaluated for internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Results: Data from 503 participants (age, mean ± standard deviation [range] 35.5 ± 4.96 [23–47] years) were analyzed. Results of exploratory factor analysis, the work to family enrichment direction yielded five factors for 23 items: "emotional fulfillment," "efficiency," "ability to lead," "displaying industriousness," and "self-growth." Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.862 to 0.914. In the family-to-work enrichment direction, there were five factors for 28 items: "help-seeking," "receptiveness," "expansion of one's horizon," "efficiency," and "emotional fulfillment." Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.790 to 0.907. Additionally, the correlation coefficients reporting criterion-related validity were 0.685 and 0.619 with regard to the Japanese version of the Work-Family Enrichment Scale and 0.596 and 0.534 with the Positive Spillover Scale for the Work-to-Family Enrichment Scale and the Family-to-Work Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses, respectively. Conclusions: The Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses has adequate reliability and validity and can be used as an effective measure to assess the positive aspects of work and family roles among female parent nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Explore the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies used by nursing students between academic anxiety and procrastination. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used. Setting: This study was carried out in the faculty of nursing at the University of Alexandria. Sample: The participants in this study were all students enrolled in emergency nursing during the second semester of the academic year 2021–2022 and a convenience sampling of 654 nursing students. The Sobel test was used as a statistical method to determine the significance of a mediation effect by assessing whether the relationship between perceived academic anxiety and procrastination was significantly reduced when cognitive emotion regulation was included, using coefficients and standard errors from regression models to calculate the test statistic. Tools: Academic Anxiety Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results: The study found that 46.5% of students reported high anxiety levels, with 40.1% perceiving moderate anxiety and only 11.3% experiencing low anxiety. Moreover, 80.4% of nursing students showed moderate academic procrastination. There is a positive correlation between procrastination and academic anxiety, with Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies mediating this relationship, according to the Sobel test. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is a complex causal and effect relationship between academic anxiety and procrastination. Nursing students may resort to academic procrastination as a means of coping. Therefore, reducing anxiety, correcting maladaptive behaviors, and enhancing adaptive cognitive and emotional regulation strategies could effectively reduce academic procrastination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. Methods. The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries – the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's α and the test–retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results. In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's α coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. Conclusion. The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given increases in China's aging population, the growing demand for public health services and the shortage of human resources among nurses have become more prominent. Under such a background, "Internet + Nursing Services" have received more attention. Thus, exploring the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" and utilizing internet technology to increase the supply of nursing services has become a key issue. Objective: This study aimed to develop a scale for assessing the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: A preliminary scale was developed based on a literature review, theoretical research, semistructured qualitative interviews, and two rounds of Delphi expert inquiry. A convenient sampling method was used for the questionnaire survey. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the importance of the items. The survey data of 659 clinical nurses obtained from February to March 2023 were used for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability and validity tests of the scale. The survey data of 538 clinical nurses obtained in April 2023 were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the final scale. Results: The final scale consists of 25 items and 4 dimensions (performance expectations, perceived risk, need for professional knowledge training, and nonprofessional knowledge training). The scale showed good structural validity and content validity: the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.955, the split-half reliability was 0.778, the test-retest reliability was 0.944, the kaiser-meyer-olkin(KMO) value was 0.960, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 4 common factors was 83.147%. The scale content validity index(S-CVI) was 0.914. The confirmatory factor analysis model had favorable fit indices: χ2/df = 4.234, RMSEA = 0.078, NFI = 0.940, IFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.947, and CFI = 0.953. Conclusion: The scale for assessing the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" has good reliability and validity, and provides a reference for evaluating nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family and Community Health Nurses (FCHNs) are at a higher risk of experiencing emotional exhaustion and feelings of low personal accomplishment. Higher levels of professional identity may decrease these negative feelings. Its measurement could produce positive effects for FCHNs and the quality of care they offer. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) on FCHNs in Italy. Research design: A cross-sectional research design was used. Participants and research context: A convenience sample of FCHNs was recruited in an out-of-hospital setting from Italy. A total of 202 nurses were eligible (mean age of 41.11 ± 10.55 years; 78.2% female). Ethical considerations: The study was performed in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were asked for their consent and were guaranteed anonymity in the information collected. The study was approved by the internal review board of the university. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factorial structure of the NPVS-R with an adequate fit to the data. Internal consistency reliability was also supported. The construct validity was further reinforced by the concurrent validity results showing a positive and significant correlation of professional identity with job satisfaction. Conclusion: The NPVS-R is a valid and reliable instrument to measure professional identity among FCHNs. It can be used in clinical practice to improve FCHNs' psychological-emotional feelings and quality of care provided, in research to allow comprehensive understanding of professional identity, and in educational settings to monitor the professional identity levels of Family and Community Health Nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical care nurses who care for postoperative cardiac surgery patients need such specialty knowledge as atrial electrograms (AEGs). An inadequate audit trail exists for psychometric performance of instruments to measure knowledge of AEGs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to revise a previously tested instrument and assess evidence for content validity (content validity index), internal consistency (Cronbach α), and stability (correlation coefficient, r) reliability against the a priori criterion of 0.80. Methods: The multiple-choice response, self-administered, paper-and-pencil instrument was revised to 20 items and named the Drake Atrial Electrogram Assessment Survey (DAEGAS). A panel of 6 AEG experts reviewed the DAEGAS for content validity evidence. The instrument was further revised to 19 items (13 knowledge and 6 AEG interpretation) and tested with 76 critical care nurses from the greater Houston metropolitan area. Results: The content validity index was 0.93. Cronbach α was.51, and test-retest r was 0.74. Cronbach α increased to.60 and r was 0.73 with removal of 3 items: 2 items with a negative item-total correlation and 1 item that was transitioned to a sample question. Discussion: Content validity evidence exceeded the a priori criterion. Internal consistency and stability reliability estimates did not meet the criterion, albeit the latter met the criterion recommended by psychometricians for a new instrument. Recommendations include further development of the DAEGAS to improve internal consistency estimates and testing for evidence of other forms of validity. Reliable and valid assessment of critical care nurse knowledge of AEGs will require improved psychometric performance of the DAEGAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loneliness research has tended to focus on mainstream and older populations despite evidence that non‐mainstream groups, like those experiencing homelessness, may experience loneliness differently. Limited existing research indicates that (a) people who have been homeless experience loneliness as multidimensional (as a pluralistic, non‐unidimensional emotion, experienced specific to lacked relationships) and (b) mainstream loneliness scales may be inappropriate for this group. The current study piloted and appraised the feasibility the short version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA‐S) among 129 Australian adults with a lived experience of homelessness. Exploratory Factor Analysis and an observational questionnaire appraisal were used to assess factorial and content validity and showed the measure did not fit this sample as well as in mainstream samples. Removal of items that participants found difficult to comprehend/answer improved the factorial fit of the scale. In conclusion, the SELSA‐S may be inappropriate for measuring loneliness among people who have experienced homelessness. Further research needs to explore the potentially different structure of loneliness among marginalised groups so that a better understanding of loneliness can be reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Male drivers in the 16- to 19-year age group have a nine-fold increase in their crash risk compared with 25- to 34-year-olds who have a relative risk of 2.3. Crash risk in young drivers has been directly linked to risk-taking behaviour. This paper reports the development of a video risk assessment tool for use with drivers. Aim/objective: This paper reports on the process of validating and investigating the reliability of the Occupational Therapy Risk Propensity Test (OT-RiPT) to measure risk-taking propensity. Material and methods: 20 healthy male participants were recruited. OT-RiPT scores were correlated with driving experience. Internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach's alpha. Face validity was established. The OT-RiPT and a validated driver behaviour questionnaire were administered and the results correlated to establish discriminant validity. Results: There was no significant correlation between driving experience and OT-RiPT scores. Good internal consistency was established. OT-RiPT has high face validity. Discriminant validity was demonstrated. Conclusion and significance: Pending further testing, OT-RiPT shows promise as a reliable and valid measure of risk-taking propensity in young drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of a valid and reliable women's empowerment tool was reported by previous studies in Iran. The authors of this paper, accordingly, intended to fill this gap by developing a valid questionnaire. 600 women in Dezful city, southeast of Iran, took part in the study in 2014-2015. Multistage sampling method was used to recruit the participants. Our exploratory factor analysis revealed that 18 items of the model loaded on 4 factors. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was suitable as Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.77. Considering high validity and shortness of the questionnaire, it can be used as a trustful and comprehensive tool to measure women's empowerment in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. It is important for researchers who borrow instruments for use in different cultures and countries to ensure that these are tested for acceptability and practicality, as well as linguistic/literal equivalence, using a robust and transparent framework. The WHO (2005) created a framework to guide researchers from different cultures in how to translate an instrument from one language to another. Aim. The purpose of this paper is to describe such a process of translation and adaptation, using the WHO (2005) guidelines, when translating the English version of the breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scale into an Arabic version for use in Jordan. Methods. The authors adapted the Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitude Scale (Tarrent and Dodgson, 2007). Ethical approval and access to undergraduate students was obtained from the Jordan University of Science and Technology. A convenience sample of 40 undergraduate female students was recruited from the University between June and July 2015 to undertake the pilot study testing the clarity and easiness of the questions. The researchers followed the WHO (2005) guidelines throughout the process of translation and adaptation of the research instruments. Findings. The students found the survey to be suitable and appropriate. The reliability of the Arabic version of the instrument was established in terms of acceptable Cronbach's alpha values, which is consistent with the original English version. Conclusion. Conceptual and cultural differences are important factors for consideration when using borrowed instruments, regardless of their proven reliability and validity. The process of adaptation and testing of instruments, as suggested by the WHO (2005), has enhanced the transferability and rigour of the breastfeeding knowledge and attitude scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To adapt the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire for the Chinese population and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Design and Sample: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 194 individuals aged 35–74 years from October 2014 to April 2015. Methods: The Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire was adapted and translated for the Chinese population. Test–retest reliability was conducted to measure stability. Criterion and convergent validity of the adapted questionnaire were assessed using 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to establish its predictive validity. Results: The test–retest reliability was 0.988. Adequate validity of the adapted questionnaire was demonstrated by positive correlations found between the scores and 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (r = .343, p < .001) and with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores (r = .738, p < .001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.705 (95% CI .632, .778), demonstrating moderate diagnostic value at a cutoff score of 30. The sensitivity was 73%, with a positive predictive value of 57% and negative predictive value of 78%. Conclusions: Our results provided evidence supporting the translation consistency, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the translated Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire with minor modifications. This paper provides clinical, practical, and methodological information on how to adapt a diabetes risk calculator between cultures for public health nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To revise the Parental Autonomy Support Scale (PASS) and to validate its psychometric properties in Chinese college students, this study recruited 738 Chinese college students, with 72 of them retested four weeks later. The Parental Psychological Control Scale (PPCS) and the Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to evaluate the validity of the PASS. Results showed that the revised PASS contained a total of nine items measuring three dimensions: autonomous decision-making, transpositional thinking, and willingness to respect. Results showed that the three-factor ESEM model fitted the data well (TLI = 0.981, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.046). The PASS showed a significant negative correlation between the total score of the PASS and the total score of the PPCS (r = −0.344, p <.001), and a significant positive correlation of the PASS with the total score of the RSES (r = 0.297, p <.001). The composite reliability coefficient was 0.913 for the total score. The test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.827 for the total score and ranged from 0.626 to 0.744 for the three dimensions. The revised PASS is shown to have sound psychometric properties and thus can be used as a tool to measure the level of parental autonomy support among Chinese college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mental health problems during the initial years of life are precursors of mental disorders in later life, as well as poor quality of life. However, understanding and assessing the quality of life among children is very challenging and requires appropriate assessment measures. Against this backdrop, this study aims to establish the evidence for the construct and convergent validity of Urdu version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) in Pakistani children. Design/methodology/approach: This study has a cross-sectional study design in which a sample of 291 primary school children (53.3% male children and 44.7% female children) were enrolled from 6 primary schools located in Rawalpindi District in 2021 through random sampling. Children's ages ranged between 9 and 13 years (M = 10.51 years; SD = 0.73). Urdu translated version PedsQL, Rosenburg self-esteem scale (RSES), strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), difficulty subscale and socio-demographic form were administered in a group setting. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis showed model provided a better fit similar to three factors: social/school functioning; psychological functioning; and physical functioning with good alpha reliability for full scale as well for subscales (r = 0.87, r = 0.75, r = 0.77 and r = 0.73), respectively. Pearson's correlation of the translated version with SDQ_difficulties (r = −0.33; p < 0.01) and RSES (r = −016; p < 0.01) depicted solid discriminant validity (r = −0.33; p < 0.01) and RSES showed good convergent validity (r = −0.16; p < 0.01). Hence; PedsQL, Urdu proved to be a reliable, valid and efficient tool for the assessment of quality of life among Pakistani children, and its three-factor structure model suggested previously for Pakistani children was confirmed. Originality/value: This study is original work by the researcher as part of their PhD project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The preparedness of the healthcare system to address emergency situations is contingent on the inclination of healthcare personnel. Nursing students can serve as valuable resources to supplement the workforce during major incidents and disasters. This study investigated the facilitators and barriers of nursing students' willingness to respond to disasters at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 234 nursing students were recruited using convenience sampling. A deductive-inductive questionnaire was developed and distributed through an online self-administered survey comprising demographic information and questions on barriers, facilitators, various disaster scenarios, preferred activities, and reasons for pursuing a nursing career. Results: The mean willingness scores of nursing students in response to various disasters were as follows: 3.15 for natural disasters, 2.60 for man-made disasters, 2.94 for pandemics, and 3.32 overall. Among the disaster scenarios, the earthquake response obtained the highest willingness score, while infectious disease epidemics received the lowest score. The most and least willingness to perform activities during disaster response were related to bedside care and participation in patients' personal hygiene, respectively. Key determinants of participation included the possibility of immunization and concerns for family safety. Conclusion: The findings indicated that nursing students are generally willing to assist as members of the healthcare team during disasters. However, the willingness to respond to infectious disease epidemics and man-made disasters was below the norm. Concerns about family health and the risk of disease transmission were identified as primary barriers. Addressing these concerns is crucial to enhance nursing students' participation in disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of green transformational leadership educational intervention on nurse managers' green behavior and creativity. Background: Organizational creativity is greatly influenced by leaders and their personality attributes. Additionally, innovative employee behavior is crucial for organizational performance and survival, which in turn promotes long-term organizational growth. Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted by using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for a group that included 116 nurse managers who completed the intervention. Data were collected through the green transformational leadership knowledge questionnaire, green transformational leadership scale, green behavior questionnaire, and green creativity scale. Results: Following the implementation of the Green Transformational Leadership educational intervention, there was an improvement in responses connected to the nurse manager's use of green behavior and creativity. Three months after the intervention ended, the improvement was still present. Conclusion: Nurse managers who had good knowledge about green transformational leadership showed increased green behavior and green creativity, which enhanced the organization's success. This study showed the significance of developing and improving the skills of managerial creativity for the nurse supervisor of a hospital through training in transformational leadership. Implications for nursing management: The concept of "green transformational leadership" refers to leadership behaviors and strategies aimed at promoting environmental sustainability and responsibility within an organization or a specific context. In the case we mentioned, it involves implementing educational interventions targeted at nurse managers to enhance their understanding and adoption of green practices, as well as fostering green behavior and creativity among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing valid and reliable measures of psychological responses to climate change is of high importance, as this facilitates our understanding of people's psychological responses, including their pro-environmental behavior. Recently, the Climate Change Worry Scale (CCWS) was introduced. This study aimed to develop the first Polish version of the CCWS and explore its psychometric properties. Our sample comprised 420 Polish adults aged 18–70, with a mean age of 26.20 (standard deviation = 10.61) years. The CCWS's factor structure was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were computed to assess internal consistency reliability. Pearson correlations between climate change worry (CCW) and experience of climate change (i.e., an individual's level of perception of being affected by climate change), pro-environmental behavior, ill-being (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms), and well-being were calculated. Our results support the strong factorial validity of the CCWS, conforming to its intended one-factor solution, with excellent internal consistency reliability for the total scale score (i.e., McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha values of 0.93). We noted large positive correlations between CCW and experiences of climate change, as well as pro-environmental behavior, and medium positive correlations with psychopathology symptoms. CCW scores were not associated with well-being. As the CCWS represents a measure of a specific manifestation of worry, we also examined its discriminant validity against more general psychological distress markers, and it evidenced strong validity in this regard. Overall, the Polish version of the CCWS appears to have strong psychometric properties, and will therefore be a useful tool to use in research on psychological responses to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although cervical cancer is preventable, it remains the most feared and second most common cancer in women worldwide, as well as the leading cause of cancer deaths in many lowand middle-income countries, including South Africa. Numerous studies conducted globally, in Africa and in South Africa revealed a knowledge gap about cervical cancer and its preventive strategies, including cervical cancer screening, among nurses and the general population. Aim: The purpose was to investigate and describe nurses' knowledge and management practices regarding cervical cancer screening in uMsunduzi Local Municipality, KwaZulu- Natal. Methods: The study was directed by a positivism paradigm. A quantitative research approach and nonexperimental descriptive design was used in this study. Probability random sampling was used, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Eighty-three professional nurses participated in the study. Results: The study discovered that professional nurses working in selected clinics in uMsunduzi Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, had a high level of knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening. Nonetheless, despite the high level of knowledge demonstrated, the level of practice remained low. Conclusion: Cervical cancer morbidity and mortality have long been a major health concern in South Africa's general population. The study found that PNs are knowledgeable about cervical cancer screening; conversely, practice was low. This paper includes recommendations for future research, nursing practice, nursing education and the Department of Health. Contribution: This study contributed vastly to the body of knowledge in managing cervical cancer screening practices, particularly in health promotion and prevention of diseases at primary care level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Current oral health literacy (OHL) instruments vary in focus, methodology, administration time and burden. The widely used word recognition tests fail to encompass important OHL domains, while others exceed time frames for use in practical settings, require an interviewer or mainly measure self‐assessments. This paper describes the development of the Oral Health Literacy Profile (OHLP), introduces its components and evaluates the psychometric properties of its two core modules, the knowledge tests. Methods: A preliminary version of the questionnaire was developed and assessed for content validity, relevance and redundancy by an expert panel. It was tested in a convenience sample (n = 95) leading to the creation of a 28‐item questionnaire, which was afterwards tested in a second convenience sample (n = 193). Item difficulty, discrimination, internal reliability and construct validity were assessed for the oral health knowledge (OHK) and dental health system knowledge (DHSK) modules. Results: The items showed acceptable range of difficulty (ideal: 7 items; easy: 5 items; and difficult: 3 items) and good to very good discriminatory power (the point‐biserial index (PBI) > 0.30: all items). Construct validity was considered to be fulfilled when 75% of the hypotheses of expected group differences were met. Satisfactory internal reliability was observed. Conclusion: With all its components, the OHLP is a suitable short instrument to assess the most relevant dimensions of the multifaceted construct of OHL. Practice implication: The OHLP can be widely used in research, especially suitable in practical settings, and thereby identify patients who may benefit from oral health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To create an instrument to assess attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) patients among random samples of athletic trainers in the United States. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using semi-structured interviews, paper-based questionnaires, and an electronic questionnaire. Development included three phases: (1) exploratory interviews and questionnaire responses, (2) construct validity and item reduction, and (3) criterion validity. Results: Six athletic trainers completed semi-structured interviews to develop themes regarding LGB patients. Additionally, 39 students in professional and post-professional athletic training programs answered questionnaires designed to elicit statements regarding LGB patients. For item reduction, 3,000 athletic trainers were emailed a questionnaire (response rate = 17%). For validation, another sample of 3,000 athletic trainers was sent the instruments (response rate = 13%). Athletic trainer emails were obtained from the National Athletic Trainers' Association. The resultant instrument was the 15-item Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Patients (ATLGBP) (α =.830). There were significant correlations between the ATLGBP and subscales of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual–Knowledge and Attitude Scale for Heterosexuals (hate: r =.464; civil rights: r = −.683; religion: r =.532; internal: r = −.612; knowledge: r = −.430; P <.001). Conclusions: The ATLGBP assesses affective, cognitive, and behavioral expressions of LGB attitudes in settings common to clinicians. The ability to assess attitudes toward LGB patients enables clinicians to identify areas on which to focus training and education. [Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2021;13(4):e146–e152.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Near Visual Acuity Questionnaire Presbyopia (NAVQ-P) is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that was developed in a phakic presbyopia population to assess near vision function impacts. The study refined and explored the psychometric properties and score interpretability of the NAVQ-P and additional PRO items assessing near vision correction independence (NVCI), near vision satisfaction (NVS), and near vision correction preference (NVCP). Methods: This was a psychometric validation study conducted using PRO data collected as part of a Phase IIb clinical trial (CUN8R44 A2202) consisting of 235 randomized adults with presbyopia from the US, Japan, Australia, and Canada. Data collected at baseline, week 2, and months 1, 2, and 3 during the 3-month trial treatment period were included in the analyses to assess item (question) properties, NAVQ-P dimensionality and scoring, reliability, validity, and score interpretation. Results: Item responses were distributed across the full response scale for most NAVQ-P and additional PRO items. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the pre-defined unidimensional structure and calculation of a NAVQ-P total score as a measure of near vision function. Item deletion informed by item response distributions, dimensionality analyses, item response theory, and previous qualitative findings, including clinical input, supported retention of 14 NAVQ-P items. The 14-item NAVQ-P total score had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.979) and high test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients > = 0.898). There was good evidence of construct-related validity for all PROs supported by strong correlations with concurrent measures. Excellent results for known-groups validity and ability to detect change analyses were also demonstrated. Anchor-based and distribution-based methods supported interpretation of scores through generation of group-level and within-individual estimates of meaningful change thresholds. A meaningful within-patient change in the range of 8-15-point improvement on the NAVQ-P total score (score range 0–42) was recommended, including a more specific responder definition of 10-point improvement. Conclusions: The NAVQ-P, NVCI, and NVS are valid and reliable instruments which have the ability to detect change over time. Findings strongly support the use of these measures as outcome assessments in clinical/research studies and in clinical practice in the presbyopia population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objectives: Systematic identification of persons with palliative care needs constitutes a major challenge for promoting palliative care in all levels of the health system, including primary care. The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and content validate Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) for use in the Greek primary care context. Secondary objectives were to probe the use of SPICT-GR in exemplary case vignettes, to discuss the clarity and comprehensibility of its content as well as the appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility of the tool within the Greek primary care. Methods: The Greek translation and cross-cultural adaptation of SPICT™ followed World Health Organization recommendations for translation and adaptation of instruments. For this purpose a working group was set up consisting of 2 senior researchers, a primary care professional with postgraduate training in Palliative Medicine and a general practitioner (GP) with special interest in primary palliative care. Three focus groups comprised of health professionals (n = 23) working in primary care settings participated in the pilot testing phase. Participants also completed a questionnaire including rating their perceptions on tool's utility and feasibility as well as on the clarity and relevance of its items. Thematic analysis was used for focus groups discussions on how the tool was perceived and interpreted by health professionals in a Greek healthcare context and descriptive statistics for the quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data. Results: The majority assessed the tool as useful (65%), considered its implementation in primary care as feasible (91%) and rated its items as "relevant" or "very relevant" and "clear" or "very clear." Three themes emerged from focus groups discussions: Guiding clinical practice and facilitating collaboration; promoting comprehensive care and awareness for palliative care; applicability in and suitability for primary care. Conclusions: SPICT-GR™ was identified as a practical and applicable tool for primary care, a source of guidance for the comprehensive identification of patients' palliative care needs, promoting awareness on palliative care and facilitating a shared language among health care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19, many people try to protect themselves against the virus by self-quarantining. Spiritual wellbeing improves the quality of life and helps people in hardships. This web-based descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 362 Iranian residents, in 2020. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. During the COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual well-being and quality of life were at medium levels in families. There is a positive relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life, and a number of factors that affect them. It is necessary to design, implement and evaluate interventions considering these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]