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Today the print quality of digital printing techniques has improved and is considered satisfactory and competitive to analogue techniques for certain graphic products. Satisfactory print quality mostly depends on the interaction of ink and printing substrate where ink penetration has an important role. Namely, the ink penetration affects the parameters that describe the print quality together with visual appearance of print density and mottling. Therefore, it is important to select an adequate printing substrate for each printing technique. Awareness of environmental problems related to the shortage of wood raw materials has led to an increase in the use of recycled printing paper and in particular the implementation of new alternative sources of cellulose fibres instead of virgin wood fibres in the papermaking process. In this research the emphasis is precisely on defining the influence of ink penetration into laboratory papers made of triticale pulp on the final print quality. The laboratory printing papers were obtained by mixing triticale pulp with pulp from recycled fibres in three different portions. Papers were thereafter printed by ultraviolet (UV) inkjet printer and the ink penetration within laboratory papers with and without straw pulp was analysed using two methods of ink penetration analysis (microscopic/spectroscopic). The influence of ink penetration on the final print quality was observed and analysed based on several quality parameters (optical ink density, mottling and colorimetric values). These results confirmed that triticale pulp in laboratory papers provides equal print quality compared to laboratory papers made only from pulp from recycled fibres.

Lime mud, a kind of industrial waste that produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process. The carbonation performance of the lime mud was investigated in a dual‐fixed bed reactor (DFR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The carbonation kinetics of the lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage was analyzed by a surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model. The results show that the lime mud presents much poorer carbonation performance during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the limestone, mainly due to the high content of chlorine in the lime mud. A prewash treatment process was used to decrease the chlorine content to mitigate the sintering of the lime mud when calcined at high temperature. After prewash treatment, the prewashed lime mud shows much higher CO2 capture capacity during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the lime mud. A prolonged carbonation process successfully further enhances the microstructure and improves the carbonation performance of the prewashed lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage. The lime mud can be effectively used as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process after prewash treatment and the following prolonged carbonation treatment.

Replacing synthetic polymers with renewable alternatives is a critical challenge for the packaging industry. This research investigated the use of leaf-based proteins as a sustainable co-binder in the coating formulations for paper-based packaging and other applications. Protein isolates from tobacco leaf and alfalfa concentrates were characterized using the Pierce protein assay, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and gel electrophoresis. The proteins were tested as co-binders in a typical latex-based paper coating formulation. The rheology and water retention properties of the wet coating and the surface, optical, structural, and strength properties of coated papers were measured. The coating performance was affected by the purity, solubility, and molecular weight of the tobacco protein and exhibited a shear-thinning behavior with lower water retention than soy protein. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy on the dried coating layer containing tobacco protein showed enhanced porosity (advantageous for package glueability) relative to the control latex coating. The tobacco protein offers adequate coverage and coating pigment distribution, indicating that this protein can be a suitable option in coatings for packaging applications.

Sweden is one of the largest exporters of pulp and paper products in the world. It follows that huge quantities of sludge rich in carbonaceous organic material and containing heavy metals are generated. This paper carried out a comparative environmental analysis of three different technologies, which can be adopted to produce biochar and recover energy from the biosludge, using landfilling as the reference case. These three thermochemical biosludge management systems—using incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)—were modeled using life cycle assessment (LCA). Heat generated in the incineration process (System A) was considered to be for captive consumption within the kraft pulp mills. It was assumed that the biochars—pyrochar and hydrochar—produced from pyrolysis (System B) and HTC (System C), respectively, were added to the forest soils. The LCA results show that all the alternative systems considerably improve the environmental performance of biosludge management, relative to landfilling. For all systems, there are net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (–0.89, –1.43, and –1.13 tonnes CO 2 -equivalent per tonne dry matter biosludge in Systems A, B, and C, respectively). System B resulted in the lowest potential eutrophication and terrestrial ecotoxicity impacts, whereas System C had the least acidification potential. The results of this analysis show that, from an environmental point of view, biochar soil amendment as an alternative method for handling pulp and paper mill biosludge is preferable to energy recovery. However, an optimal biochar system needs to factor in the social and economic contexts as well.

Herein, a fully paper‐based all‐solid‐state supercapacitor with functionalized cellulose paper as electrodes, carboxymethyl cellulose gel as solid electrolyte and cellulose paper as separator was fabricated. The electrode was fabricated by a conventional papermaking process with silver‐modified fibers and graphene oxide (GO)‐modified fibers followed by reduction of GO. The Ag‐modified fibers and GO‐modified fibers were obtained by in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles and self‐assembly of GO sheets on cellulose fibers, respectively. Ag‐modified fibers act as a flexible current collector with rich three‐dimensional interconnected electron transport pathways to make the reduced GO‐modified fibers as electrode materials to achieve high conductivity (1.93 Ω sq−1) and high‐rate capability. Simple drying can reduce 40% weight of the supercapacitor to facilitate transportation and storage, and its capacitance efficiency can be recovered by wetting when needed. This work opens up a new way of developing cheap, green and high performance full‐paper flexible electronics by conventional papermaking process.

In this study, electrically conductive meta‐aramid fiber paper (MAFP) was prepared by combining low‐temperature plasma treatment and electroless plating. The influence of various plasma treatment parameters including nozzle speed, plasma cycle time and nozzle height on the electrical conductivity, washing fastness and bending fastness of silver‐coated MAFP was investigated. The results show that low‐temperature plasma treatment etched the surface of meta‐aramid fiber and increased the oxygen content on the MAFP surface. The optimal plasma treatment condition is: nozzle speed of 1 m/min, plasma cycle time of 80%, and nozzle height of 4–5 cm. The electrical resistance of the silver‐plated MAFP pre‐treated under this condition reached as low as 0.15 Ω/sq. In addition, the silver‐plated MAFP maintained high electrical conductivity (sheet resistance below 0.5 Ω/sq) after five washing cycles and 1000 bending cycles.

To relief the water shortage crisis in China, the Chinese government has initiated a series of clean production (CP) measures to reduce the freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge from paper industry. In this study, a new CP technology was introduced in the paper industry to reuse tissue paper mill effluent water as intake water of corrugated paper mill. The feasibility and impact of the new CP technology was investigated in three different scales, laboratory experiments, pilot-scale testing, and long-term implementation. Results show that the water quality of treated tissue paper mill effluent water is competitive with that of freshwater and some water quality indexes are even better, indicating that treated tissue paper mill effluent water is a suitable alternative to replace the freshwater as intake water for the corrugated paper mill. By reusing tissue paper mill effluent water as intake water of corrugated paper mill, most physical properties of different corrugated paper layers are improved or similar as those by using freshwater as intake water in all different scale experiments. Moreover, the new CP technology significantly reduced the freshwater consumption for the corrugated paper mill, eliminated the wastewater discharged from the tissue paper mill, and at the same time, lowered the operation cost for both paper mills in terms of freshwater consumption and wastewater treatment cost. Total 216,000 RMB will be saved every year with an assumption that tissue paper mill provides annual daily average 2000 cubic meter of effluent water to corrugated paper mill every day. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2017

This Editorial introduces a Special Issue of papers from the SEE International Conference RADAR 2019, which took place in Toulon, France, 23–27 September 2019. The papers are expanded versions of ones that were judged in the reviewing process to be of the highest quality and relevance. Benefitting from the unique location of the conference centre on the French Riviera, the conference was given the theme ‘Sensing from sea to space’, attracting nearly 400 attendees from 26 countries from all over the world (Figure 1). Engineers and researchers coming from private or public sector (universities and laboratories) shared their knowledge and experience on radar topics of common interests from physics to signal processing, from sensor validation to system design, and also on emerging technologies based on artificial intelligence; all topics being supported by 200 papers presented either in oral (150 papers in 36 sessions), or poster sessions (50 papers). Figure 2 shows the range of topics of the papers. 1 FIGURE Conference attendees by country 2 FIGURE Conference paper topics

This is a review of the literature published in 2018 related to the prevention of water pollution by or recovery of beneficial materials from wastewater produced in the pulp and paper industry. This review includes the following main sections: cleaner production, biological treatment, and physico-chemical treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Converting pulp and paper treatment sludges to value-added materials can be efficient cleaner production technique. Modeling and dynamic simulation techniques of biological treatment along with optimization methods can improve the effluent quality out of a paper mill. Hybrid treatment systems can have a synergistic effect on the treatment of pulp and paper effluents.

A novel paper‐based biofuel cell with a series/parallel array structure has been fabricated, in which the cell voltage and output power can easily be adjusted as required by printing. The output of the fabricated 4‐series/4‐parallel biofuel cell reached 0.97±0.02 mW at 1.4 V, which is the highest output power reported to date for a paper‐based biofuel cell. This work contributes to the development of flexible, wearable energy storage device.

Regulatory policies to manage land application of organic materials are risk based, with focus on the quality of these residuals. The Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) determined that limited information was available on pulp and paper biosolids (PPB) with respect to human enteric pathogens. To address this data gap, MOECC conducted an extensive survey (2005-2006) across Ontario to characterize the microbiological quality of PPB. Quantitative testing was performed for fecal indicators (, enterococci, ) and enteric pathogens (, , , and ) using matrix-validated methods. Comparative benchmark materials (soils and soil amendments) were analyzed concurrently for risk comparison. Results showed that detection rates in PPB were low, 5 to 25% for pathogens and

This study sought to verify the readability of e-paper devices under various conditions. The experimental conditions included various stages of illuminance, different font sizes, and different contrasts. More than 100 participants participated in the experiments from the young to the elderly. The subjects read and compared the e-paper, backlit LCD, and conventional paper under the various conditions.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) using information submitted by different industries in the United States. This research examines the contaminants released by paper manufacturing industry in the United States and Ohio over time and what paper manufacturers are doing to diminish the quantities of chemical wastes generated, released to the environment, or managed by other means. It is understood that there is a reduction in the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) scores from 2002 to 2014 in all the states, which can be related to the adaptation of recycling or reusing of the chemicals in various other manufacturing processes. The other significant observation inferred from the analysis is that the facilities in the states such as Wisconsin, Louisiana, South Carolina, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania based on the economic feasibility or recycling prospects, they are generating higher quantities of the selected chemical resulting in the higher RSEI scores respectively for the above-mentioned states. This article demonstrates the application of the risk-screening indicators model to a large database to analyze pollution data. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 808–814, 2017

Indented writing on thermal paper made with either one, two, or three sheets of paper above the thermal paper has been visualized by the controlled application of heat to the thermal paper at temperatures below the paper's normal color change temperature. Indentations created by applying a variable pressure to a steel letter stamp showed that, with one sheet above the thermal paper, indentations were more visible at lower pressures than with either two or three sheets above. Handwriting from 20 volunteers produced indented writing graded with most of the text clear and easy to read for all samples with one sheet above, half the samples with two sheets above and eight samples with three sheets above. Comparison with ESDA showed that, with three sheets above, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01), with heating producing more samples than ESDA with most of the text clear and easy to read.

Similar to the paper-making process, the efficient flame retardant graphene paper is conveniently obtained by using graphene oxide (GO) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) aqueous pulp. The “paper pulp” can also conceivably be used as ink to make other hydrophilic films become flame retardant paper. Further, the as-prepared reduced GO-HCCP paper (RGO-HCCP paper), compared with GO-HCCP paper, can maintain its intact structure for a longer time in an ethanol flame. As a consequence of these preparation methods, the bearing temperature of the as-prepared graphene papers shows a significant increase.

This study evaluates the treatment efficiency of a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) for the removal of chloro-organic compounds from pulp and paper mill wastewater. The surface area of the HSSF-CW unit was 5.25 m² and was planted with Colocasia esculenta. The wastewater was characterized for different chloro-organic compounds, that is, adsorbable organic halides (AOX), chlorophenolics, and chlorinated resin and fatty acids (cRFAs). Under a hydraulic retention time of 5.9 days, the average AOX, chlorophenolics, and cRFA removal from wastewater was 87, 87, and 93%, respectively. Some of the chlorophenolics were found to accumulate in the plant biomass and soil material. The mass balance studies show that a significant fraction of chlorophenolics and cRFA was degraded in the constructed wetland system. Modeling studies were carried out to estimate the first-order area-based removal rate constants (k) for chemical oxygen demand removal. The HSSF-CW was found to be an effective treatment technology for the remediation of pulp and paper mill wastewater.

This study examined the potential of pulp mill effluent from pulp producing countries (Canada, Brazil, New Zealand) to affect fish reproduction. Specifically, the estrogenic effects in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pulse-exposed to 11 different mill effluent extracts (intra peritoneal IP-injections of SPE-DCM non-polar fraction). The results indicated that effluent extracts were estrogenic in juvenile trout irrespective of the gender, reflected by increasing level of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) (Brazil > New Zealand > Canada). In spite of the high variability observed among mills, differences in VTG levels were related to the type of mill process (kraft > ECF-kraft > TMP). Moreover, effluent treatments did not appear to significantly decrease VTG induction. A consistent estrogenic effect was observed in those mills that process a combination of feedstocks (softwood, and hardwood), with the highest increase in VTG related to eucalyptus feedstock. The authors' results demonstrate significant estrogenic effects of pulp mill effluents on chronically exposed juvenile trout, suggesting in vivo metabolic activation of precursors is necessary to cause the observed increases in VTG levels. This molecular estrogenic response provides a useful starting point for predicting population-level impacts through the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) approach methodology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

This paper presents the design, manufacturing and measurements of antennas on paper, realized using ink-jetprinting of conductive inks based on nano-silver particles (nSPs). The extraction of the substrate characteristicssuch as the dielectric constant and dielectric loss is performed using a printed ring resonator technique. Thecharacterization of the nSPs conductive inks assesses different parameters as sintering time and temperature.Two antennas are realized corresponding to the most common needs for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) inTrains Environment. The first one is a patch antenna characterized by a broadside radiation pattern and suitedfor operation on metallic structures. The second one is a quasi-yagi antenna, with an end fire radiation patternand higher directivity, without requiring a metallic ground plane. Both antennas present a good matching (S11 < -20 dB and S11 < -30 dB, respectively) and acceptable efficiency (55 % and 45 %, respectively) for the papersubstrate used at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz, corresponding to the first channel of the IEEE 802.15.4 band.

This work was supported by the industrial strategic technology development program funded by MKE/KEIT under grants 10079974 and Samsung research funding center for future technology through Samsung Electronics

Porous pots were used to mimic, on a laboratory scale, an industrial activated sludge plant from a thermomechanical pulp and news print paper mill. Trace metal additions of Ca, Co, Cu, Fe(III), and Mg were found to improve chemical oxygen demand removal from 82% to 86 to 87%. Copper (0.1 to 1.0 mg/L) was also found to be beneficial in significantly inhibiting the growth of filamentous bacteria, contributing to a reduction of 20 to 45% in sludge volume index (SVI) with improved settle ability and decreased bulking. However, at levels of 1.0 mg/L and higher, the concentration of Cu in the porous pot effluent would potentially exceed guidelines for receiving waters. The fate and impact of Cu was affected by the presence of other trace metals, in particular Mg and Ca. The addition of Mg or Ca along with 0.5 mg/L Cu increased the amount of Cu in the aqueous phase to levels that would potentially exceed government environmental guidelines. Calcium addition was also found to inhibit the effect of Cu in reducing filamentous bacteria and SVI.

The appearance or printing quality of paper surfaces is mostly characterized by their glossiness, measured with a glossmeter as specular reflectance. The gloss properties of a base paper substrate can be improved after application of a poly(styrene-co-maleimide) nanoparticle coating under pure conditions or in the presence of different vegetable oils. The specular gloss properties of 11 different nanoparticle paper coatings have been determined under 75 degrees and 85 degrees incident light angles, with good relation between values along parallel (machine) and perpendicular (transverse) direction. The gloss properties for the different coatings have been further related to the surface topography. Therefore, the statistical and spatial surface roughness parameters have been studied in detail at two length scales including non-contact profilometry (1 x 1 mm(2)) and atomic force microscopy (2 x 2 m(2)). Based on values of the Rayleigh parameter for non-contact profilometry, the surfaces can be considered as optically rough. The gloss values cannot be directly related to statistical surface roughness parameters. Otherwise, an experimental power-law model for gloss has been proposed as a function of (/Sq) with correlation length and root-mean-square roughness Sq. A best-fit model illustrates that gloss properties of various nanoparticle paper coatings mainly relate to the spatial surface roughness parameters determined from non-contact profilometry. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 596-610, 2016

Latent fingerprint deposits on thermal paper sourced from the U.S., China, the U.K., and Australia have been visualized by heating. U.S. and Chinese sourced paper produced two distinct types of fingerprint development. In one type (type 1), the paper dye colors where the deposit is present (as previously reported) and in the other type (type 2) the 'inverse' of this gives paper coloring only in areas not coincident with the deposit. Both development types gave identifiable fingerprints, the majority fading within 24 h of heating. Fingerprint development from U.K. and Australian sourced paper was exclusively type 1 and resistant to fading. Temperatures for fingerprint visualization were higher for U.S. paper (64-71°C) and Chinese paper (75-95°C) than for U.K. and Australian sourced paper (43-50°C). Particularly for Chinese sourced paper, these temperatures were within a few degrees of the normal paper color temperature. A mechanism for type 2 fingerprint development is proposed.

The separation of oil-water mixtures in highly acidic, alkaline, and salty environment remains a great challenge. Simple, low-cost, efficient, eco-friendly, and easily scale-up processes for the fabrication of novel materials to effective oil-water separation in highly acidic, alkaline, and salty environment, are urgently desired. Here, a facile approach is reported for the fabrication of stable hydrogel-coated filter paper which not only can separate oil-water mixture in highly acidic, alkaline, and salty environment, but also separate surfactant-stabilized emulsion. The hydrogel-coated filter paper is fabricated by smartly crosslinking filter paper with hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol through a simple aldol condensation reaction with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The resultant multiple crosslinked networks enable the hydrogel-coated filter paper to tolerate high acid, alkali, and salt up to 8 m H2SO4, 10 m NaOH, and saturated NaCl. It is shown that the hydrogel-coated filter paper can separate oil-water mixtures in highly acidic, alkaline, and salty environment and oil-in-water emulsion environment, with high separation efficiency (>99%).

The commercialization of electronic paper displays has brought the consumer a truly comfortable and mobile viewing experience, even in bright daylight conditions. We review the display standards activities that support the quality manufacturing of these products and helps drive their market expansion.

An analytical model for low-consistency repulping linking pulp material properties, consistency, temperature, and rotor and vat geometry is provided, which allows for accurate prediction of the time and energy required for repulping in both a 0.25 m3 laboratory-scale repulper and a 15 m3 industrial-scale repulper. The model assumes that all deflaking work is done by the repulper rotor in the rotor-swept volume by turbulence generated by the rotor and that no deflaking occurs in the rest of the vat. Rotor shaft power is split linearly between the breakup of waste paper and dissipation by turbulence. Comparing the model predictions and experimental data for different pulp types, vat fill levels, and pulp suspension consistencies yields a correlation of R2 = 0.99 between all experimental results and the model predictions given the condition of fully turbulent (Reynolds-independent) repulper rotor operation. The efficiency of the laboratory repulper is reduced from that predicted by the model for very low vat fill levels. This is due to a loss of effectiveness of the baffles at these low levels as indicated by solid body motion of the suspension and reduced rotor power number. This indicates that thorough mixing is a requirement to maximize repulping efficiency. Repulping time and energy savings can be accomplished by increasing the suspension consistency and the rotor-swept volume/vat volume ratio by either increasing rotor size or reducing vat volume, all while ensuring complete mixing and circulation in the vat.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, with metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces, show great promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors. ...