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Results from the natural aging process of copy paper using emission fluorescence spectra are presented in this article. For the study, copy paper examples subjected to aging from 0 to 25 years were selected as test samples. Copy paper shows a well-defined fluorescence spectrum due to the cellulosic compounds used in its manufacture. By analysing each sample's fluorescence bands, relative intensities and the band shifts in the paper's fluorescence spectra, results provide information about the condition of the cellulosic compounds from which we can estimate the paper's age. Results show that the relative intensity of fluorescence emission bands of the copy paper exponentially decay as it ages. As such, fluorescence spectroscopy stands out as a suitable technique for evaluating the deterioration suffered by, for example, art works on copy paper. The effect of incorporating wood extracts on the fluorescence properties of aged copy paper was also studied. Wood extracts soluble in ethanol and acetone appear to enhance the fluorescence emissions, raising the prospect of a novel preservation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of synthetic aromatic polyamide, aramid fiber has many outstanding properties, such as high strength, high modulus, etc. The composited paper reinforced by aramid fiber is widely used in honeycombs and its strength is of great concerns. In this paper, a three-dimensional progressive failure phase field model is employed to investigate the failure mechanism of aramid honeycomb paper under microscopic length scale. A mesh mapping technique is used to handle the complex geometry of the material, and an explicit solving scheme is used to improve the solving efficiency. The theory is implemented into ABAQUS through the users' subroutine VUEL. The interfacial debounding and matrix cracking in the short fiber reinforced composite are captured successfully, and the complicated failure mechanism is explored from the modeling results. The present phase field modeling technique has provided a useful numerical tool for the strength prediction of aramid short fiber reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three grades of pectin xanthates (PX1, PX2, and PX3) have been prepared by the reaction of pectin with carbon disulfide (CS2) in an alkaline medium using NaOH, via the xanthation process. The percentage yield of prepared pectin xanthates has been found to be 87.06%, 90.38%, and 93.80% for PX1, PX2, and PX3, respectively. Prepared pectin xanthates and raw pectin were utilized for heavy metals (Cu(II) and Ni(II)) and lignin enriched paper industry wastewater (LEPIW) treatment. The removal percentage of pectin, PX1, P X2, and PX3 for Cu removal at optimum condition (adsorbent dose: 5.14 g/L, pH: 5 for Cu and 7 for Ni, optimum temperature: 50°C and time: 80 min for Cu(II) and 100 min for Ni(II)) has been found as 85%, 92.33%, 93.5%, and 94.66% and 76.66%, 89.44%, 91.66%, and 93.33%, respectively, for Ni removal. The LEPIW treatment efficacy for pectin, PX1, PX2, and PX3 has been found to be 54%, 77%, 83%, and 86% for the initial COD: 2000 mg/L, pH: 7, optimum temperature: 40°C in 105 min operation time. Adsorption isotherm studies suggest that Langmuir isotherm is most appropriate which indicates adsorption follows chemisorption. The adsorption capacities of PX1, PX2, and PX3 are found as 309.59, 352.11, and 380.22 mg/g for Cu(II) and 299.40, 315.45, and 328.94 mg/g and for Ni(II), respectively, which is very high in comparison with many other recent literature studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the phycoremediation efficacy of two freshwater green microalgae Chlorella ellipsoidea and Desmodesmus opoliensis for treatment of water of Ellenga beel, a wetland located in the vicinity of Nagaon paper mill and into which effluents of the paper mill are drained-off. After inoculation of water samples with the two freshwater green microalgae, the culture medium were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate, nitrate, potassium, chloride, phenol, cyanide, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and heavy metals at every seven days interval for a period of 42 days. A reduction of phosphate (85%), sulfate (96%), nitrate (76%) and chloride (48%) was observed after 42 days of incubation in the tested beel water. The micro algal incubation also resulted in decrease of heavy metal such as Pb (54%), Zn (98%), Cr (59%), and Cu (61%). Comparison of Fourier transform infrared spectra of beel water samples (control) with those inoculated with the test micro algal species showed presence of binding sites for certain functional groups like phosphate, amide, carbohydrate and alkyl halides in inoculated samples. D. opoliensis exhibited higher phycoremediation efficiency than C. ellipsoidea in removal of pollutants from the beel water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOpenAI’s ChatGPT is an advanced large language model AI that has caused both excitement and concern in academia. TurnItIn and similar software programs are widely used in higher education to detect potential plagiarism. However, the extent to which such software can identify papers produced by ChatGPT remains unclear. The current study partially addressed this question by submitting five versions of short essays about criminological topics generated from ChatGPT to the TurnItIn software. Overall, the results indicated that TurnItIn adequately detected that the essays were not original works (mean percent plagiarized score = 31%). The analyses further illustrated that ChatGPT wrote at an exceedingly high level (mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level = 15.1) atypical of essays in higher education. Consequently, it appears that detection of AI-generated writing may be easier than initially assumed although the technology is bound to improve. Accordingly, possible strategies for approaching AI in higher education are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fingermarks used in forensic investigation are biometric elements widely utilized in identification thanks to their unique and classifiable characteristics. Despite numerous studies investigating fingermark development on different surfaces, few studies have addressed the skin surface of deceased individuals, given the challenging nature of this substrate. This study investigated the transfer and development of fingermarks on human skin that had been systematically deposited over the forehead, neck, and wrist. Additionally, gender, age, and the time elapsed since deposition were issued as additional factors impacting fingermark development. Therefore, we prepared a study setting representing a crime scene by modelling the scene and then utilized 400 fingermarks. The marks transferred to thermal paper were developed by applying ThermaNin and magnetic black fingermark powder as fingermark development methods and then photographed. They were then evaluated for their suitability for identification via scoring and statistical analysis. The results indicated that 36% of all marks obtained from the skin of living persons and 66% of those from skin surfaces of dead bodies received the highest score and were assessed as suitable for identification. Despite the negative effect of increased time since deposition, it was revealed that the ThermaNin method yielded better results than magnetic black fingermark powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following is a discussion of papers by Kozlowski and Lentz that explore the presence of mortality in the analytic relationship. The author reflects on challenges to the dyad, the vulnerability of the analyst, and how the individual and analytic pair may confront their existential reality separately or together. The author includes the idea of "death origin stories" to emphasize that mortality has a presence throughout the life of the individual; she suggests how psychoanalytic theory and technique may be enhanced by including an explanation of the earliest penetration of death into consciousness and whether this lens may enhance our sensitivity to mortality and our ability to manage loss and endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mini-review is presented on handmade papers regarding their origin from papyrus to modern paper mill start-ups in the USA. The overview succinctly covers the process of making handmade papers, value addition, and product design. The scientific investigations on obtaining HMP from innovative raw materials such as coffee beans, agro-waste, seaweeds, hyacinth flowers, and others are detailed. The role of handmade paper in conservation along with the environmental and economic benefits of recycled handmade paper are contained within. The mini-review concludes with a promising future for handmade papers that would encourage sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current strategy, a highly sensitive and fast one-step colorimetric assay for trace determination of Cu2+ in water is presented. The planned assay was based upon the use of varnish polish-modified filter paper printed with 2-[5-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)-3-phenyl-1-formazyl] benzoic acid monosodium salt, commercially named zincon. Under optimal conditions, the designed assay readily recognised the formation of blue–purple-coloured Cu–ZI chelate in less than 10 min. The proposed probe was able to detect Cu2+ in the concentration range from 0.04 to 10 μg/mL (6.34 × 10−1 to 1.59 × 103µM), with low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 μg/mL (1.59 × 10−1 µM). The LOD was 10-fold lower than the allowable level for Cu2+ in drinking water set by WHO legislation. The assay was applied for Cu2+determination in water with acceptable recoveries (89.6–102.1%) and precision (<3%). Therefore, the proposed sensing assay might be considered as a potential rapid and low-cost candidate for total determination and speciation of Cu2+in water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of bamboo virgin pulp addition to the recycled pulp in enhancing the recycled paper's mechanical properties was evaluated. Malaysian bamboo virgin pulp used in this research were Bambusa vulgaris (Aur bamboo), Gigantochloa levis (Beting bamboo), and Gigantochloa scortechinii (Semantan bamboo). The addition of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of bamboo virgin pulp improved the burst index, folding endurance, tearing index, and tensile index of the recycled paper from 2.27 to 3.17 kPa.m2/g, 7 to 15 double folds, 5.98 to 8.27 mN.m2/g, and 24.86 to 32.40 Nm/g, respectively. These were equivalent to the increment percentage for burst index, folding endurance, tearing index, and tensile index at the range of 6.61 to 39.65%, 28.57 to 114.29%, 15.72 to 38.59%, and 10.50 to 33.87%, respectively. The application of bamboo virgin pulp is very promising in improving the recycled paper's mechanical properties and this could be further extended in enhancing the other properties such as physical and optical paper properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work was to explore the prospects of producing pulp and paper from leftover lignocellulosic fibers. In this study discarded Cocos nucifera fibers were collected from an abandoned site and were washed thoroughly. FTIR analysis, chemical composition and fiber morphology studies were conducted. FTIR showed the presence of holocellulose and lignin in the fibers. Chemical analysis showed the holocellulose content as 37.8 wt%. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were observed using microscope and derived fiber indices that determine the possibility of producing paper were evaluated. The derived indices such as Runkel index, slenderness ratio, co-efficient of rigidity, flexibility coefficient, Luce’s shape factor and Solids factor of the fibers were evaluated as 67.9%, 44.11, 58.83%, 0.199, 0.49 and 278.53x10³ respectively. All these indices are in good agreement with fibers recommended and used for pulp and paper production. High lignin content present in the fibers is a limitation and it can be removed through appropriate delignification techniques. Thus the study showed that discarded fibers can be used for producing pulp, paper and allied products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Benjamin's criticisms of dwelling and the modern interior are well known. The middle classes retreated from the alienation of nineteenth-century city life into domestic seclusion, surrounding themselves with soft furnishings in a search for comfort. In Living Rooms (2022), Sam Johnson-Schlee uses objects typically found in the living room or lounge as his starting point for the development of Benjamin's ideas. Recognising the labour invested in domestic commodities would allow us to realise our dreams of connecting with others and escaping the confines of capitalism like roots breaking out of a plant pot. The personal observations used to support the arguments reflect the experience of Generation Rent. They inform an attempt to relate IKEA's 1996 'Chuck out that chintz!' advert to crucial changes in the British housing market. The emphasis on labour largely sidelines household labour and its gendering, with the exception of the activities of 'cleanfluencer' Mrs. Hinch. The link between domestic commodities and our longing for intimacy is effectively depicted using a combination of historical research, cultural references and family stories. Plants and flowers are used throughout to illustrate specific arguments and to serve as a symbol of a different, and better, life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Tyranny and Revolution: Rousseau to Heidegger" by Waller R. Newell explores the concept of freedom and revolution in the political philosophy of German thinkers from Rousseau to Heidegger. The book examines how these philosophers viewed freedom and revolution as interconnected, with revolution often seen as a means to restore or simulate the lost freedom of humanity. The author also discusses the influence of classical Greek political thought on these philosophers and their critiques of modernity. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical tradition and its implications for understanding freedom and revolution. [Extracted from the article]

To discuss the clinical spectrum and management strategies in patients with post-traumatic canalicular fistula (PTCF). Retrospective, interventional case series of consecutive patients diagnosed with PTCF over a 6-year study period between June 2016 and June 2022. The demographics, mode of injury, location, and communication of the canalicular fistula were noted. The outcomes of several management modalities including dacryocystorhinostomy, lacrimal gland therapies, and conservative approaches were assessed. Eleven cases with PTCF over the study period were included. The mean age at presentation was 23.5 years (range: 6–71 years), with male: female ratio of 8:3. The median time interval between trauma to presentation at the Dacryology clinic was 3 years (range: 1 week to 12 years). Seven had iatrogenic trauma and four had the canalicular fistula following primary trauma. Management modalities pursued include conservative approach for minimal symptoms, and dacryocystorhinostomy, dacryocystectomy, and lacrimal gland botulinum toxin injection. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range: 3-months−6 years). PTCF is a complex lacrimal condition and the management of the PTCF needs a tailored approach guided by its nature and location and patient symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To exclusively report the clinical category of mechanical secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) secondary to the caruncle and plica hypertrophy. Prospective interventional case series involving 10 consecutive eyes with megalocaruncle and plica hypertrophy were enrolled in the study. All patients presented with epiphora secondary to a demonstratable mechanical obstruction of the puncta. All patients underwent high magnification slit-lamp photography and Fourier-domain ocular coherence tomography scans (FD-OCT) of the tear meniscus height (TMH) pre- and post-operatively at 1-month and 3-months. Caruncle and plica size, position, and their relationship to the puncta were noted. All patients underwent partial carunculectomy. Primary outcome measures were demonstrable resolution of the mechanical obstruction of the puncta and the reduction in the tear meniscus height. The secondary outcome measure was the subjective improvement of the epiphora. The mean age of the patients was 67 years (range: 63–72 years). The average TMH was 843.1 (range: 345–2049) microns pre-operatively and 195.1(91–379) microns at 1-month follow-up. All patients reported significant subjective improvement in epiphora at 6-months follow-up. One patient had bilateral granuloma at the surgical site at two weeks and was managed by simple excision and topical tapering steroids. Histopathology revealed hyperplastic epithelium with goblet cells with chronic inflammatory cells in the sub-epithelial region and the stroma. The role of the caruncle in the causation of mechanical SALDO needs to be carefully assessed in patients beyond the sixth decade. Excellent objective and subjective outcomes can be achieved by a partial carunculectomy and plica semilunaris excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rachel Kozlowitz and Kirsten Lentz have challenged psychoanalysis to consider more deeply the impact on analysands when the therapist becomes mortally ill and/or dies, and to make the necessary personal exploration (Kozlowski) and structural and theoretical adjustments in the field (Lentz) required to accommodate this possibility. In this discussion, Blaustein contextualizes their thoughtful arguments in our culture's general aversion to talking about death. Drawing on the work of Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP), Blaustein also builds upon the authors' shared recognition that when serious illness or mortality enter the treatment room, the analytic frame must be reimagined and expanded to make room for the positive and loving aspects of the analytic relationship – which may have been latent and unexplored to date – to become manifest and shared consciously between the dyad as a way to help offset the profound feelings of isolation, self-doubt and betrayal often reported by patients whose analysts have died without preparation or warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed checkout data from hardback and paperback volumes in the BYU library to determine if there was a difference in circulation rates. Based on usage from 2000 through 2020, hardback volumes are no more likely to circulate than paperbacks over that 20 year range, regardless of when the book was added to the collection or its subject (i.e. humanities, sciences, or social sciences). Also, the average number of circulations for these volumes was low enough that damage to a paperback book was unlikely. Given the lower price of paperbacks, academic library budgets may be better served buying paperbacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to profile the shoppers' propensity to reuse shopping bags and the type of shopping bags they reuse on the basis of demographics. The study used an observation method to record the consumers' shopping habits and a short questionnaire to record the participants' demographics. A binary regression analysis and a multinomial regression analysis were used to analyse data. The results indicated that the mature aged, women, and low income shoppers were more likely to practice reuse of plastic shopping bags than their respective counterparts. There were no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of young aged shoppers compared to mature aged shoppers and low income shoppers compared to high income shoppers using cotton bags than plastic bags. There were also no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of young aged shoppers compared to mature aged shoppers and male shoppers compared to female shoppers using paper bags than plastic bags. However, the results indicated a statically significant result in how males compared to females differed in their using of cotton bags than plastic bags and a statistically significant result in how low income shoppers compared to high income shoppers differed in their use of paper bags than plastic bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenced by the academic work of Stephen A. Resnick and Richard D. Wolff, the author and his close collaborator Richard McIntyre have spent four decades closely reading and contributing research to adjacent radical literatures on the empirical history of workers and capitalism. In this response to Richard McIntyre's review of Shredding Paper, the author reveals how his own research into the story of Maine's paper mills has developed since the 1980s, drawing out the class implications of the details embedded in a history that stretches back to the origins of Maine's paper industry. Hillard highlights the efficacy of reading capitalist histories of focusing on subsumed classes, i.e., a "volumes 2 and 3 [of Capital] approach," alongside the much more common "volume 1" methodology common to most radical political economy and labor history. For better and worse, this story has culminated in two generations of rural Mainers rejecting the sensibilities of neoliberal capitalism. This local class formation and particular consciousness of class contains many lessons for those who see capitalism problematically, but in the absence of an established U.S. Left, and given the cultural forces and propaganda acting upon them, this critical culture appears to have moved on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Erdoğan: a graphic biography: the rise of Turkey's modern autocrat" is a graphic novel written by Can Dündar and illustrated by Anwar. The book focuses on the rise of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, covering his upbringing, entry into politics, and his complicated relationship with Necmettin Erbakan. The biography portrays Erdoğan as a Machiavellian figure who uses democracy as a means to obtain power, with no true commitment to democratic principles. While the book presents strong arguments, some claims cannot be definitively proven. Overall, it is an impressive and important work that deserves a wide audience. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a letter to the editor addressing a typographical error in the formulas for the double Pareto-lognormal distribution and the normal-Laplace distribution. The authors clarify that the formulas themselves are correct, but there was an error in the expression of the Mills ratio in the correction by Amini and Rabbani. The authors provide the correct formulas for both distributions and offer further explanation upon request. The authors are affiliated with Juraj Dobrila University of Pula in Croatia. [Extracted from the article]

"Breaks in the Air: The Birth of Rap Radio in New York City" by John Klaess is a significant contribution to the history of New York hip-hop culture. The book explores the early days of rap radio in New York, when stations like WBLS played a crucial role in shaping the sound and culture of hip-hop. Klaess uses interviews and cassette recordings to provide insights into the inseparable relationship between rap, radio, and diverse listening communities. The book also examines the impact of deregulation on the commercial radio industry and the role of radio in advancing Black social progress. Overall, "Breaks in the Air" offers a valuable perspective on the history of rap radio in New York City. [Extracted from the article]

Nano-ZnO has the characteristics of photocatalytic performance and excellent transparency and conductivity. Because of its many excellent properties, it also occupies a very important position in the types of semiconductor materials. Nano-ZnO film preparation technology has been researched and developed and applied in many fields, but there are few applied researches on the protection of paper artworks. The main content of this article is the study of the application and enhancement effect of nano-ZnO film preparation technology on the protection of paper cultural relics. In this paper, the sol-gel process is selected in the common film preparation process, and the configured sol is dipped and lifted. By comparing the paper covered with nano ZnO film and the paper not covered with nano ZnO film in the anti-aging performance test, anti-ultraviolet aging performance test, aging appearance change and the experimental results of the mechanical performance test of the application effect of different papers, the results are investigated. The application and enhancement effect of nano-ZnO film preparation technology in the protection of paper art works. Experimental studies have shown that under the same aging time, the mechanical properties of rice paper covered with nano-Zno film are higher than those of blank rice paper without nano-Zno film. The transverse tensile strength of the paper is increased by 5.88 m/N, an increase of 98%. The vertical tensile strength increased by 3.93 m/N, an increase of about 87%, the vertical folding resistance increased by 16 times, the horizontal folding resistance increased by 15 times, and the vertical tearing strength increased by 4.15 m/N, an increase of about 125%, and the transverse tearing degree is enhanced by 2.21 m/N, which is about 64%. The two kinds of rice paper were subjected to warm-heat aging, and the final results showed that the mechanical properties of the two kinds of rice papers showed a decreasing trend, but the mechanical properties of the rice paper covered by the nano-Zno film decreased at a slower rate, and the final mechanical properties were also lower than that of untreated rice paper. Blank rice paper covered with film is better. The experimental results of ultraviolet light on paper aging show that the nano-Zno film covering the paper will delay the paper aging, and the appearance of the nano-Zno film after ultraviolet light does not change significantly. Under the mechanical performance test of nano Zno film on different types of paper application, the tensile strength, folding resistance and tearing degree of the three papers participating in the experiment have been improved, which shows that the nano Zno film has the advantage of strengthening paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender inequality is strongly linked with poor performance in science and mathematics for female students in secondary schools owing to socio-economic and cultural issues as well as learning strategies. According to the Certificate of Secondary Education Examination results of 2021 in Tanzania, the failure rate for female students was higher than that for male students, and such failure in chemistry was associated with inadequate knowledge about the tested concepts, failure to identify the requirements of the respective questions and lack of adequate mathematical skills. Real practical sessions are integral parts of chemistry to enhance the learning environments for both female and male students. However, the real laboratory practices especially for chemistry are challenged with the costs of the construction of physical laboratory infrastructure and reagents, and the time-consuming and physical demands on personnel during real practical sessions. Thus, this study explores gender-based effects of the chemistry virtual laboratory against a paper-based approach towards a real chemistry practical in Tanzanian secondary schools. The results indicate that the combined exposures of virtual laboratory and paper-based practicals improve real practical performance for both female and male students. Moreover, the performance of real practical practices progressively improved for female students when they were first exposed to the virtual laboratory and then the paper-based practical. Such improvements can be associated with the virtual laboratory providing interactive learning environments which support female students to connect and engage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsThis paper considers weaknesses in a study by Cohen et al. (2006) on the impacts of community singing on health. These include high demand characteristics, lack of attention to attrition, flawed statistical analysis, and measurement. Nevertheless, the study is uncritically cited, in evidence reviews, with findings taken at face value.Google Scholar, SCOPUS and BASE citation functions for Cohen et al. identified 32 evidence reviews in peer-reviewed journals. Eleven of these reviews, published between 2010 and 2023, focused on creative arts interventions.We demonstrate limitations in the Cohen et al. research which undermine the conclusions they reach regarding the health benefits of group singing. Subsequent evidence reviews take the findings at face value and offer little critical commentary.We consider what is needed to improve evidence reviews in the field of creative arts and health research.A more robust approach is needed in reviewing research evidence in the field of arts and health. The Cohen et al. paper is not suitable for inclusion in future evidence reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a growing shift in Early Childhood Education from paper-based observation and documentation practices to digital documentation systems such as 'e-portfolios' and 'online learning journeys'. Here, we bring a multimodal lens to these new practices and consider the potential of digital documentation for democratic assessment practices that recognise and value all children's learning, particularly children who are living with disadvantage or in the early stages of learning English. Reporting on participatory ethnographic case studies of three diverse multicultural early years settings in London, we illustrate how digital documentation opens new possibilities for capturing the dynamic and embodied vibrancy of young children's learning and can make children's documentation more accessible to children and their parents. However, many digital documentation systems are currently designed primarily for adults, rather than for children to access and contribute to their own documentation. We suggest that adult-oriented design risks marginalising the child's voice as documentation moves from paper-based to digital formats. Our findings call for collaboration between researchers, educators and digital documentation systems designers to ensure that these relatively new tools support democratic and inclusive assessment practices, where all children's meaning-making, in whatever form, is recognised, celebrated and shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the United States' population grows via migration and immigration, with this rise in diverse identities, there has been increasing concern regarding disparities for undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. with limited access to the health system. Given the various constraints involving communication and social structures that undocumented immigrants face, a culture-centered approach is drawn on to investigating how this group goes about navigating a dominant health system given their restricted access. I explore co-constructed themes that emerged through conversations with undocumented immigrants, (people without papers as I call them in this work) living in the United States to gain an understanding as to the structural and cultural limitations faced by this group. By doing qualitative semi-structured interviews with local participants living in the South Florida region, I describe the various features of a complex U.S. health system that undocumented immigrants (people without papers) deemed as important obstacles that limit their willingness to interact with official medical spaces. This work draws on narratives and accounts to shed light on the intersection of disparities this group has to overcome in order to consider entering a medical space to receive the treatment they might need. The findings of this article highlighted the structural violence that certain subaltern groups, such as people without papers experience due to their limited access to foundational systems in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of printed paper electronics in consumer goods is expected to experience a mass development in the next future. The ink used in these devices contains silver nanomaterials that may be released into the environment at the product end-of-life. We report here the first evaluation of the fate of silver during a pilot-scale recycling of printed paper electronics, made of paper printed with a cellulose nanofibrils-silver nanowire ink. We show that the released effluents are mainly free from silver, which is retained in the pulp conserved for recycling. We use atomic force microscopy experiments to show that this strong pulp-silver bond is due to the embedding of the silver nanowires in the pulp by coils of cellulose nanofibrils. We propose an estimate of the resulting adhesion stress of the nanowires to the ink, high enough to keep the silver inside the pulp during the recycling procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alarming global deforestation rate has great impacts on the output of the Pulp and paper Industry since wood is the principal papermaking fiber material. Although, generally, bamboo is an alternative cellulolytic fiber source, the species and culm age have great effects on its papermaking potential. Based on the methods by the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA), this work assessed the characteristics of fibers from the axial culm sections of six-month plantation-grown Oxythenantera abyssinica and Beema bamboo (which was cloned from Bambusa balcoaa) for paper production. The lengths of the fibers ranged from 1.89 to 2.39 mm while the diameters were 0.025–0.031 mm. The fiber lumen diameter and wall thickness were 0.014–0.018 mm and 0.004–0.006 mm, respectively. Fibers from the species had their runkle ratios below 1, slenderness ratios above 70 and flexibility ratios above 50. These characteristics compare well with the recommendations for fibers often used for the production of packaging, writing and printing papers. Establishment of plantations of Beema bamboo and O. abyssinica is encouraged as they will serve as good raw material base for the paper industry within six months of planting. Additionally, their planting will contribute to meeting Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper and board are used for packaging of moist as well as dry food. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004, food contact materials (FCM) must not bring about a deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics of foodstuffs. For testing the transfer of off-flavour (taint) from packaging to food via the gas phase (DIN EN 1230-2), relative humidity (rH) has to be adjusted. In contrast, rH is neither taken into account when testing the odour (DIN EN 1230-1), nor in chemical migration of volatile organic substances (VOC) onto the adsorbent Tenax® (DIN EN 14338). In this work, effect of different rHs on the desorption of VOC from paper and board was investigated by GC-MS analysis as well as by human sensory tests. Raising humidity led to an increase in VOC transfer, which was observed by increasing peak areas as well as the detection of more substances in GC-MS. Analytical results were in line with human sensory tests. The odour profile of the paper at 33 and 58% rH was described as cardboard-like, sweet and smoky. Impact substances for these olfactory impressions were (E)-2-nonenal, vanillin and 2-methoxyphenol as identified by GC with an olfactory detection port (GC-ODP). The increase to 75 and 100% rH resulted in the additional perception of cheesy/sweaty and fatty/rancid impressions, which were primarily caused by short-chain fatty acids and di-unsaturated aldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of coagulation and flocculation (C/F) process and economic analysis for the advanced primary treatment in order to obtain a semi-closed water circuit in the pulp mills in the cardboard recycling industry. Since the high water quality level is not required in the pulpers, the dosages in this research were determined without pH changes or adjustment to decrease the capital and operational expenditures. The results showed that FeCl3 with the concentration of 2000 mg/L gave the best quality when coagulants were used solely. Moreover, using alum with the concentration of 1500 mg/L provided acceptable quality for the effluent re-circulation and the removal/reduction percentages of 42, 82, 71 and 97 were achieved for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and colour, respectively. It was also found that the combination of coagulants did not improve the process performance significantly. The best combination was ferric chloride (500 mg/L) and alum (2000 mg/L) with the efficiency of 47% and 98% in terms of COD and colour removal/reduction, respectively, while the best couple in TSS removal was FeCl3 (500 mg/L) and CaCO3 (500 mg/L) with the efficiency of 88%. The chemicals coupled with cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) did not enhance the quality of pre-treated solutions when the settling time reduced up to 15 minutes. The cost analysis also showed that alum is the most cost-effective coagulant with the costs in the range of 0.06–0.12 $/kg removed TSS, 0.06 to 0.11 $/kg removed COD and 0.06–0.1 $/m3·reduced NTU whereas calcium carbonate is the economic coagulant regarding colour reduction with the cost of 0.003 $/m3·reduced unit and more than the reduction efficiency of 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prophylaxis with emicizumab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody that mimics FVIII function, has shown encouraging results in clinical trials in terms of efficacy and safety. However, current experience is limited, and many areas of concern to clinicians have yet to be reviewed. This paper reviews the experience of hemophilia A patients treated with emicizumab based on the results of clinical trials and real-life studies. The authors place special emphasis on issues such as the management of these patients in situations of hemorrhage and/or surgical interventions, joint health or laboratory monitoring. Treatment with emicizumab has been shown to improve joint health and reduce bleeding, of particular interest to patients with inhibitors and high bleeding rates. However, there are still concerns about its administration in neonates and previously untreated patients due to limited reported experience. Laboratory monitoring is not strictly necessary due to the stable pharmacokinetics emicizumab has been shown to exhibit, however, tests that globally assess hemostasis may be useful especially in cases of bleeding or surgery. The authors are also of the opinion that prophylaxis before minor surgery is not necessary and that major surgeries can be safely performed with additional prophylactic coagulation factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ethiopia, the dairy cows' major feed resources are natural pasture and crop residues, both of which are nutritionally low and do not even satisfy the maintenance requirement. Consequently, dairy productivity per head is low in the country. This paper reviews the existing knowledge of negative energy balance (NEB) and summarizes its implication on production and reproduction parameters, as well as the monitoring tools as a means of intervention in minimizing the effect on dairy cows. The presence of NEB in late gestation and early lactation of dairy cows could contribute to both short and long-term negative effects on production and reproduction ability. Lower body condition, reduced milk production, a change in the milk fat to protein ratio, an increasing incidence of health problems, a late time to become estrus, delayed ovarian cycle, and a lower conception rate are the common implications. Through the knowledge created so far, it can be concluded that NEB is almost a common phenomenon in transitional high milking dairy animals, but there is a possibility to shorten its persistence through strategic supplementation using the NEB monitoring tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very recently, P. Saha et al. [A global optimality result in probabilistic spaces using control function. Optimization. 2021;70:2387–2400] studied the existence of best proximity points for Banach type ϕ-proximal contractions in the framework of Menger probabilistic metric spaces. In this paper, we present a simple proof of their main existence result which is based on a fixed point theorem for ϕ-contractive self-mappings in complete Menger PM-spaces due to B.S. Choudhury and K. Das [A new contraction principle in Menger spaces. Acta Math Sin. 2008;24:13791386]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and rhodamine B (RhB) were physically mixed to construct a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor (CQDs@RhB) for the quantitative and visual detection of Hg2+. After adding Hg2+, the emission peak of CQDs at 445 nm was quenched and the peak of RhB at 575 nm remained unchanged; the ratio of the two emission peaks had a linear relationship with the Hg2+ concentration. The CQDs@RhB had a detection range of 0–15 µM and the limit of detection (LOD) is 65.93 nM and a color change from blue to pink was visible to the naked eye under ultraviolet light. The study revealed a static quenching mechanism of CQDs@RhB. The established method was successfully applied to the detection of Hg2+ in real water and rice samples with satisfactory results. In addition, a portable fluorescent paper-based sensor platform was developed using computer software assistance. The relationship with Hg2+ concentration was constructed by converting the pictures obtained under ultraviolet light to RGB color mode for visualization and quantitative detection of Hg2+. This study provides a valuable strategy for constructing a rapid detection system for Hg2+ in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital technologies in teaching and learning processes has opened new and wide frontiers in mathematics education. Research in education moves towards teaching and learning (and assessing) twenty-first-century skills and computer-based testing seems an interesting possibility for assessing such skills. From this perspective, comparing computer-based with paper and pencil testing is an important issue for the educational community. It could allow us to better understand differences, innovations and weaknesses of classical assessing strategies and methods. The purpose of this study is to provide an example of the differences that can be found in migrating a task from one environment to another through a qualitative analysis of task and students’ solution processes. The sample involved in this study includes grade 6 and 8 students. The analysis shows that the environment migration process is not neutral: the tasks present differences. Students’ performances in the tasks are the same, but differences can be observed in solving processes. In particular, students of our sample differ in the mathematical resources applied, and in the assessing processes. In addition, it seems that students activate similar problem-solving processes as they become more familiar with the task and the environment in which it is administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual work, we describe cross-disciplinary meaning and language related to the innovation phenomenon located in a business context. Our work attempts to find common meaning and language for innovation that can be applied across all business innovation projects irrespective of the business discipline, and to synthesize these common terms into an innovation communication and planning tool. The objective of providing a common meaning and language for innovation is to give practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders a shared communication platform, and common language and meaning that assist incumbents to discuss and collaborate during innovation projects without the boundaries created by siloed, nuanced, and discipline-specific understandings. The outcome of the paper is a conceptual framework and canvas tool constructed from universal meaning and language for business innovation with the aim of providing a set of common questions that business practitioners could ask during times of innovation. Furthermore, the Business Innovation Canvas provides new directions for future study and the development of tools that take advantage of common meaning and language to aid innovation practitioners and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heather MacIntosh's emotionally moving paper describes an intense relation with a patient at a time when Heather herself was traumatized. This analyst-patient relationship inspired Heather to make essential changes in her lifestyle. These changes were curative for both the analyst and the patient. The discussion highlights three main issues. The first is leaps from the analytic frame, Different forms of leaps, starting with those defined by Freud and continuing with current analysts, demonstrate various modifications of the frame. The second issue is the question of who is responsible for the transformation of trauma. When the analyst remains faithful to her ideals, she can be inspired by a vast range of idealized selfobjects, human and nonhuman. The perception of an idealized selfobject is neither dependent on external conditions nor on actual actions. The patient can then expand her mind in a similar way. The third issue focuses on the expansion of the scope of selfobject experiences in times of turbulence and stress. We may consider that in such times the mind can be inspired by the selfobject function of nature, art, imagination and virtual possibilities. In our times, universality and interconnectedness fulfill a major role in informing our lives. Our minds are constituted by a global ecology that shapes our subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research by the paper industry into new materials to expand the raw material base for pulp is on the ascendancy due to growing demand for pulp and paper products. This study assessed the anatomical, chemical, and pulping characteristics of four varieties of Cocos nucifera husk to ascertain their suitability as raw material for pulp and paper production. The measured and calculated chemical (Klason Lignin, 1% NaOH solubility and Holocellulose contents) and anatomical (Fiber dimensions, Runkel Ratio, Slenderness Ratio, Flexibility Coefficient, Coefficient of Rigidity, Luce's Shape Factor and Solids Factor) properties of the Cocos nucifera husks mostly did not meet the standard requirements for a good pulp and paper material. However, the Local Tall Yellow variety of the Cocos nucifera husk was favorable in terms of Runkel Ratio, Slenderness Ratio, Flexibility Coefficient, and Coefficient of Rigidity and can be considered for the production of pulp for writing and printing papers. In spite of the limitations of the other three varieties for making quality paper, they could be used for fiber plate, rigid cardboard, and cardboard production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly selective solid-state fluorescent sensor based on N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) and cotton fiber paper (CFP) is reported for the determination of trace mercury (II)(Hg2+). The N-doped carbon quantum dots on cotton fiber paper (N-CQDs@CFP) was synthesized using a facile one-step microwave hydrothermal method. Multiple approaches were employed to fully investigate the morphology and chemical structure of the paper-based fluorescent sensor. The N-CQDs were chemically bonded onto the CFP, which offers good reproducibility and stability of the sensor. The N-CQDs@CFP showed high-intensity blue emission in dark-field imaging, and the fluorescence was quenched by Hg2+. The Hg2+ in aqueous samples was easily determined and visually monitored. There was good linearity from 0 to 250 μM, and the limit of detection was 34 nM. The paper-based fluorescent sensor provided accurate and rapid determination of Hg2+ upon comparison with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The simple preparation, rapid detection (< 5 min), low cost, and easy-handling illustrate that the reported sensor has a significant value in environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the large volume, the generated wastewater in paper and cardboard recycling industry contains various organic compounds and dyes. Treatment of these wastewaters is difficult due to the diversity of contaminants and the complexity of their chemical structure. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the coagulation and flocculation process by the new mixture of coagulants for wastewater treatment in one of the paper and cardboard recycling industries. To determine the efficiency of the coagulation and flocculation process in removing the parameters, including turbidity, colour, TSS, and COD, the Jar Test was used in laboratory conditions. By changing the variables, such as pH, coagulant type (PAC/MgCl2, PAC/Polymer, MgCl2/Polymer, MgCl2/PAC, PAC/MgCl2/Polymer), coagulant dose, and polymer dose, the optimal conditions were determined. Based on the results, the highest turbidity removal efficiency was achieved for the combination of coagulant and coagulant aid (PAC/MgCl2/Polymer) at pH 11. According to the experiments, the highest removal efficiency of turbidity, colour, COD and TSS were95.43%, 25.16%, 16.16%, and 83.33%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the coagulation and flocculation is a suitable method to remove turbidity and suspended solids in the paper and cardboard recycling industry wastewater. However, in order to remove more colour and COD, additional treatment is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high production of paper, followed by a more significant concern with environmental and economic issues, has led to greater relevance to paper recycling and its raw uses as composite filler. Composites of polypropylene with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of recycled office waste paper were produced by injection molding and characterized by mechanical and thermal properties. All composites presented a slight reduction of 15°C in thermal stability compared to the polymeric matrix. Moreover, as the filler amount increased, the degree of crystallinity was reduced proportionally. The mechanical test showed similar tensile strength values among neat polymer andcomposites but also showed an increase in the composite's tensile modulus, related to the stiffness of the natural filler. The composite with a higher percentage of waste paper (30 wt.%) maintained equivalent properties as neatpolypropylene and other composites (10 and 20 wt.%). Thus, 30 wt.% composites proved to be an excellent material with less synthetic polymer percentage, keeping thermal and mechanical properties comparable to the neat PP. Furthermore, this composite does not need chemical treatment or additives harmful to the environment. It is suitable for future applications in various plastic products such as packaging and domestic utensils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depoliticization has emerged as a key concept in analyzing the changing political dynamics of capitalist democracies. Yet, the concept of public interest has been relatively absent in depoliticization literature. This article argues for a more systematic inclusion of public interest politics in scrutinizing de- and repoliticization. The argument is advanced through strategic-relational theory by interpreting public interest as (1) a terrain of political struggles, (2) a mode of doing politics and (3) a method of enquiry. These dynamics are examined in the empirical context of Finnish forest industry's political strategy in the Kaipola paper mill closure in August 2020. The forest conglomerate UPM-Kymmene politicized its paper mill shutdown by shifting the responsibility to the centre-left governmental coalition's purportedly business-hostile policies. However, analyzing the case through UPM strategies and the paper production crisis, the closure falls in line with the forest industry's long-term business strategy. The forest industry's and UPM's strategy is recognized as a forceful defense of a corporate polity where public interest is equated with the success of key economic actors. The article concludes with an argument for the politics of public interest as a vital research perspective for analyzing contradictions surrounding 'the economy'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modeling is a high-leverage topic; it is critical to students' participation in STEM education and supports civic engagement. Until recently, research on modeling at the elementary level has been underemphasized, particularly research on supports and challenges for teachers who engage in designing authentic modeling tasks. In this study, we employed qualitative case study methods to investigate how elementary teachers designed and implemented authentic mathematical modeling tasks, with an explicit focus on how their tasks evidenced different dimensions of authenticity. We analyzed three cases of teams of elementary teachers as they developed modeling tasks connected to school and community contexts. The three cases were: 1) a student-driven modeling task related to paper and plastic waste in a school cafeteria, 2) a modeling task based on authentic situations at a community-run resource center, and 3) a modeling task focused on designing and monitoring a school community-building art project. Our cases illustrate that elementary teachers can successfully design and implement modeling activities that utilize different entry points and evidence multiple dimensions of authenticity. Furthermore, we found that the specific dimensions of authenticity may vary depending on the design supports and curriculum challenges within each context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comments provided in this document are a response to a study conducted by Professor Jean-Pierre Pascal on the inertia forces in roller test rigs. The comments address concerns raised by Professor Pascal regarding a statement made in a previous paper. The comments highlight the limitations of using roller test rigs for longitudinal wheelset motion and emphasize the need for three-dimensional models to accurately capture the effects of inertia forces on contact forces. The document also points out several fundamental problems with the planar example used in Professor Pascal's paper. Overall, the comments suggest that further research is needed to fully understand the impact of longitudinal velocity on motion trajectories and contact forces. [Extracted from the article]

As the tragedy in Ukraine deepens, it's clear that the world should end its dependency on Russian oil. It will be ironic, however, if nations disentangling themselves from this compromised energy source instead turn to another energy source with destructive impacts: harvesting and burning forest wood for fuel, which increases carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, and degrades forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a kinetic model has been developed to predict the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of Fenton process for the treatment of pulp and paper mill (P&P) wastewater. In order to investigate the effects of main parameters including Fe(II) dosage, H2O2 dosage, and pH, 45 experiments have been carried out at three levels for each parameter, and thus COD removal efficiency has been obtained. The Fenton process was simulated by using 10main reactions, and the model was solved numerically according to a specific algorithm. All the pollutants in the P&P wastewater were assumed to be a pseudo-material, andapparent kinetic constant (k**)was calculated using a developed iterative method. The results of the numerical model indicated that the proposed model had a great potential to predict COD removal efficiency for P&P wastewater by Fenton in comparison to the first and second-order kinetic models. Accordingly, R-squared (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Relative Error (MRE) of the numerical kinetic model were 0.93, 4.296 × 10−7, and 0.035, respectively, implying remarkable accuracy of the numerical model. Furthermore, at the optimum point of Fenton process,which was pH: 3,[H2O2]:0.015 Molar, and [Fe(II)]: 0.015 Molar, the COD removal efficiency of P&P wastewater reached 78%. As the basis of the numerical model was established according to mechanisms of Fenton process, the results demonstrated the great performance of the advanced kinetic model in the estimation of the COD removal efficiency, the behaviour of effective parameters such as pH, H2O2, and Fe(II) along with their effects on k**, and Fe(III) accumulation during Fenton process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The not-so-bygone worlds of music and colonialism in the twentieth century have yielded a wealth of scholarly 'paper knowledge' in the twenty-first of which to build off new archival-musicological work. This article takes a particular archiving direction by turning to paper itself – and pivots the postcolonial pen around the texts and textures of re-engaging colonial history in postcolonial music scholarship. I explore these writing stakes through my adopted narrative of 'the post/colonial music archive', as shaped by paper and paper's sounding elements of tone and voice. Crisscrossing between the colonial moment and the postcolonial pen, I straddle this developing narrative of the archive, and the registers and inflections of extant source narration for what they can jointly vocalize about the music making of the Municipal Brass Band in 1930s treaty port Shanghai, and the Sino-British Club in postwar colonial Hong Kong – two ostensible musical worlds of 'Britain in China' in the twentieth century, here thrown into disarray by the post/colonial archive's own inchoate, counter-tales. Ultimately, in this process, postcolonial music scholarship gains further traction and meaning as a multi-articulating inquiry – and a turn of mind that does not let colonial history and its persistent challenges for writing go askew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]