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In the late Qing Dynasty, religious periodicals by Western missionaries were made legal in China, and subsequently became an important manner of their missionary cause. Among them, Child's Paper 小孩月报 (1875–1881) by John Marshall Willoughby Farnham, a Protestant missionary from the United States, endeavoured to convert child readers by carrying children's stories of moral and emotional education. By concentrating on the educational elements of Child's Paper, this article inspects how conversion was achieved via the intertextual interpretation of Christian doctrines within these educational elements. Specifically, how the image of little Christians and urchins, respectively, represents salvation and redemption in Christian morals. This article holds that the missionaries' stress on the authority of Christian discourse in the education of Chinese children makes evident an increasing emphasis on the reformative effects of Christianity on Chinese children. Moreover, the conversion-education efforts by missionaries also construed helping Chinese children gain a cross-cultural perspective on Western religion, and arguably inspired later Chinese intellectuals' to create newspapers for the purpose of the pre-primary education of Chinese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluated microscopic damage of paper. • Three-dimensional mathematical models and calculation formulas of lighting damage to paper. • The minimum-damage LED spectrum suitable for Chinese paper cultural relics. • The method of spectral optimization for the lighting source of cultural relics. In museum lighting, Chinese paper cultural relics are prone to cracking, embrittlement and other photochemical damage after absorbing the spectral energy of light sources. Owing to the different absorption and reflection characteristics of paper for different bands, optimizing the spectrum compositions of light sources can provide effective protection, the basis of which is to clarify the influence rule of spectra on the paper. However, the methods of color difference and Raman spectroscopy, which are widely used in the current research, cannot scientifically measure the lighting damage. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as the evaluation method, and 10 kinds of narrow-band lights were used as the experimental light source to conduct a 1440 h irradiation experiment on the samples of the ancient Chinese Xuan paper. The oxidation index was calculated as the evaluation index based on the infrared spectra measured every 240 hours, and a mathematical model for the response rate of paper to spectrum and exposure was established. 610 spectra were obtained with the 10 kinds of narrow-band lights combined and superimposed. The color rendering indexes of the above spectra were calculated, and 9,477 spectra that meet the requirements of viewing indicators were obtained. By calculating the damage degree of the above spectra with the model, the optimal LED spectrum with the minimum damage which met the visual requirements was obtained. Then it was input into the 10-channel spectral simulation system for spectral restoration. Two kinds of lights commonly used in lighting for paper cultural relics were selected to conduct a comparative experiment. The results showed that the optimal LED spectrum reduced damage degree by 49.4% and 59.7% respectively compared with the two kinds of contrast light sources, and was beneficial to energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu Lanjun's book, "Ertong yu zhanzheng: Guozu, Jiaoyu ji dazhong wenhua" (Chinese Children and War: Nation, Education and Mass Culture), explores the reinvention of childhood in modern Chinese literature and culture during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The book examines how war propaganda and political ideologies shaped the conceptualization of childhood and the integration of children into the war experience. Xu analyzes various child-oriented literature and media, highlighting the blurred boundaries between children and adults and the role of children in nation-building. The book also discusses the connection between Chinese children's culture and war discourses during the Cold War and in Sinophone society. While the book could benefit from further exploration of age awareness, it offers valuable insights into the cultural construction of childhood in wartime China. [Extracted from the article]

Considering China's 'isolated' digital ecosystem, this paper examines China's 'check-in' activities to understand how the wanghong economy is driving China's new rounds of urban development, with the purpose of supplementing existing research on digital economies from the Chinese context. Focusing on a representative case study area called Dongshankou in Guangzhou, which is regarded as one of the most popular wanghong places and an emerging commercial centre, I sought to enrich existing studies about digital economies and extend scholarship on platform urbanism from the cultural economy perspective. First, I argue that Chinese consumers' check-in activities function as the data accumulation process, structuring Dongshankou's digital capital through the assemblage of online posts and geotags. Therefore, Dongshankou's urban development challenges the conventional view of creativity as the key factor in the cultural economy for urban development, given that digital capital is now the key driver for urban development in the digital age. Second, the growth of wanghong stores in Dongshankou reveals how the wanghong economy is materialised into urban cultural objects. Emotional value – a crucial selling point that these wanghong stores aim to provide to facilitate consumers' check-in activities – illustrates how China's highly participatory digital ecosystem extracts users' emotions and bodily experiences into the process of capital accumulation, which structures the 'platform urbanism' through our daily lives. This paper broadens the horizon for an alternative theoretical agenda in platform urbanism: beyond focusing solely on platform algorithms, how digital platforms and emotions become inextricably linked in economic production should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Eileen Gu attracted considerable attention and sparked numerous discussions on Chinese social media. Using the method of textual analysis, this paper examines the various responses of Chinese women, particularly Chinese feminists, to Eileen's achievements on Chinese social media, framing these responses within recent studies of neoliberalism's undoing of feminism as well as long-standing debates about the relationship between feminism and nationalism. This paper argues that discussions about Eileen on Chinese social media not only illustrate how neoliberalism is absorbed, reworked, and resisted in its transnational circulation but also demonstrate how nationalist narratives can be strategically used by Chinese feminists to validate their feminist positions. It further enriches existing scholarship on neoliberalism with a transnational perspective, reaffirms the importance of contextualizing the relationship between Third World feminism and nationalism, and highlights the significance of uncovering indigenous feminist resources in Third World countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore what the travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal about the changing geographies of mobilities and the making of homo sacer, the latter constituted through differentiated control of mobilities. Implemented to protect U.S. public health, travel restrictions imposed on travelers from Mainland China during the early days of the pandemic exemplify how sovereign power that declares a state of emergency and creates bare life can be readily applied to groups of people who previously had privileged access to global mobility. In this sense, bare life does not refer to fixed and disadvantaged social categories but is rather contingently and contextually constituted, through the works of hybrid sovereign regimes. At the same time, however, these travelers are not reduced to a state of zero-agency but reside within a liminal space between soft and hard cosmopolitanisms, as they can still deploy agency and cosmopolitan capital to achieve certain degrees of mobility. By examining how Chinese travelers navigated various travel restrictions and the constantly changing policies to travel to the U.S., this paper explores new spaces of exception and forms of bare life, and argues that homo sacer is dynamically, relationally and recursively constructed, both through apparatus of control and the agency of travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2022, the dynamic zero-COVID control policy came to an end, marking the conclusion of a three-year pandemic that affected 1.4 billion Chinese people. The pandemic and related policies created a unique, temporary, and historic social ecosystem where walking became more crucial than ever before. The pandemic not only severely restricted people's movement in public spaces but also exposed the longstanding contradictions between human bodies, modern mobility, and urban space. Over the three years of the pandemic, walking became an aesthetic survival attempt by Chinese people to cope with their limited freedoms under the pandemic. As the pandemic stagnated and worsened over time, walking-dominant activities gradually became a widespread social phenomenon that encouraged urban residents to participate in rebuilding society across various fields such as politics, art, nature, etc. The development of walking as an artistic form during this period represents a new aesthetic strategy and political awakening while reflecting humans' need to reconnect with land, social space, and their own bodies. This paper reviews how walking art has evolved historically through three periods – before, during, and after the pandemic – aiming to highlight both the public value of walking art and challenges within China's social ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A statistical model comparing national and cultural differences in luxury consumption tendencies is presented in this paper. The objective is to investigate the factors influencing luxury consumption tendency, such as social influence, conspicuous consumption, and brand image, and their impact on consumer purchasing behavior and life satisfaction. Specifically, the Tend and Befriend Theory, the Compensatory Control Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model are utilized to analyze the model. The quantitative analysis is based on cross sectional data with 401 valid questionnaires from Portugal and 369 from China. Comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate attitudes toward luxury consumption tendencies in both Chinese and Portuguese samples. The results indicate that social influence, conspicuous consumption, and brand image have a positive effect on luxury consumption tendencies. Moreover, luxury consumption tendencies are positively correlated with life satisfaction, the urge to buy, and luxury spending. Differences between Portuguese and Chinese consumers are observed, attributed to cultural variations. This study enhances our understanding of consumer behavior in luxury markets by elucidating influential relationships that impact consumer decision-making and life satisfaction, while also highlighting cultural influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The rising volume of open government data (OGD) contrasts with the limited acceptance and utilization of OGD among citizens. This study investigates the reasons for citizens' not using available OGD by comparing citizens' attitudes towards OGD with the development of OGD portals. The comparison includes four OGD utilization processes derived from the literature, namely OGD awareness, needs, access and consumption. Design/methodology/approach: A case study in China has been carried out. A sociological questionnaire was designed to collect data from Chinese citizens (demand), and personal visits were carried out to collect data from OGD portals (supply). Findings: Results show that Chinese citizens have low awareness of OGD and OGD portals. Significant differences were recognized between citizens' expectations and OGD portals development in OGD categories and features, data access services and support functions. Correlations were found between citizens' OGD awareness, needs, access and consumption. Originality/value: By linking the supply of OGD from the governments with each process of citizens' OGD utilization, this paper proposes a framework for citizens' OGD utilization lifecycle and provides a new tool to investigate reasons for citizens' not making use of OGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of culture on non-kin cooperation has been singled out as critical for economic activity. However, causal evidence of culture's influence on cooperation remains scant. In this paper we provide such evidence, focusing on two key components of culture: preferences and beliefs. Adopting the view that culture is one aspect of an individual's multi-faceted self-concept (identity) we conduct a Prisoner's Dilemma experiment with first- and second-generation Chinese immigrants at a large US public university. In a two-by-two design, we exogenously vary: i) the salience of participants' American or Chinese cultural identities; and ii) the capacity for culture to affect beliefs by randomly providing previous-session cooperation-rate information. Comparing behavior across cultures and information conditions, our results suggest a prominent role for both preferences and beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper takes a dynamic view of culture to re-examine the tradeoffs between positive and negative aspects of guanxi in China. Because of cross-border collaboration and the wide use of the internet, Chinese employees are now exposed to more diverse values. Considering this cultural shift, the current paper discusses how the widely publicized negative aspect of guanxi relations in Chinese organizations can be mitigated. We suggest that employees are likely to withdraw from peer-to-peer guanxi relations that involve ethical concerns, and the likelihood and speed of this relation change would vary in part on the focal party's heritage of Confucian cultural values. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a dynamic approach to reconcile the controversy about peer-to-peer guanxi's role in Chinese organizations. This dynamic examination can invite further research on the complicated evolution of guanxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a historiographic and ethnographic analysis of how reflexivity, as a communicative practice and valued personality trait, has been understood, regulated, legitimised and used to control Chinese workers from the planned-economy era to the present. Using a Shanghai-based multinational company as a case study, I document how and under what conditions English-mediated reflexivity, with its stress on self-entrepreneurship, came to replace former Mandarin-mediated reflexivity supporting a notion of collective workerhood. Special attention is paid to reflexivity's changing roles in shaping, managing and evaluating workers and facilitating understandings of labour, power and agency. The paper argues that the emerging English-dominated reflexivity represents a required linguistic shift for the creation of a new worker type in the current globalised economy as it normalises managerial technologies of discipline, stratification and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastitis is a common and frequently-occurring disease among Chinese women, which seriously harms their mental and physical health. External applica- tion of Zhuang medicine has the effects of dredging collaterals, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and softening hardness to dissi- pate stagnation, and show definite curative effect in preventing and treating breast diseases. Nano-composite hydrogels have the advantages of small toxic and side effects, high bioavailability, high targeting and controllable drug release. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed relevant literature of Zhuang medicine in treating breast diseases and clinical research of nanogels, providing new ideas and scientific basis for the treatment of mastitis with Zhuang medicine combined with nanogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a multi-sited physical and virtual ethnography of Chinese migrant women's entrepreneurship in Taiwan, this paper illuminates the role of digital migrant entrepreneurship in the making of globalisation. In the digital age of gendered migrant entrepreneurship, it challenges the long-lasting dichotomy between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' globalisation and contributes to the theoretical debate about migrant transnational entrepreneurship, elucidating how capitalism and globalisation can take multiple forms. Drawing on Chinese women's migratory biographies and the commercial geographies of the objects they trade between China and Taiwan, it shows how our global economic system is simultaneously forged by supply-chain capitalism and migrants' digitalised petit capitalistic practices. Chinese migrant workers firstly manufacture goods whilst working for multinational companies in China, then, after marriage-migration, they commercialise the products in Taiwan via WeChat. Findings illustrate the link between ICTs, migrant entrepreneurship, gendered social networks, and border transgressions in shaping a mutable globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An instrument of wealth accumulation and racial segregation in housing markets, the intersections between zoning and labor are often overlooked. Extending theories of space, race, and class, and drawing on historical and archival evidence, I elaborate three ways that American land-use zoning emerged to shape labor markets in the early 20th century: (1) zoning constrained households from engaging in subsistence and direct market activity, acting as a regulatory source of labor commodification; (2) zoning first emerged as a xenophobic tool for regulating labor competition; and (3) zoning introduced racialized boundaries distinguishing formal work from a sphere of economic informality. I illustrate these theoretical-historical propositions with a study of the frontier origins of American land-use zoning laws in late-19th -century Los Angeles. This first and influential approach to residential zoning emerged amid racial dynamics of western settlement and the class politics of a national "free" labor market. I demonstrate how efforts to regulate the settlement and labor practices of poor urban households and Chinese immigrants on in Los Angeles became the direct legal basis for the dichotomous categories of "residential" and "industrial" districts that the city first defended before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1915. By theorizing the intersections of land-use zoning and labor markets, this paper provides a theoretical framework and historical genealogy for future work to consider entanglements of housing and labor politics amid the concurrent flexibilization of work and land use in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retranslations of Andersen's fairy tales in the twentieth century have promoted the canonization of Andersen in the modern Chinese literary system. Today, Chinese readers of different ages are fascinated by Andersen's works and the images created by him. However, the literary and cultural significance of Andersen to China lies in his influence. In this paper, the authors will first review the history of translating Andersen's fairy tales in China and then analyze some cases from Chinese literature and culture within the theoretical framework of intertextuality, in an attempt to specify the influence of Andersen on modern Chinese literature and culture. It is argued that Andersen's fairy tales have been cross‐culturally woven into Chinese children's as well as adult literature when the intertextual devices are applied by writers in their own literary creations; meanwhile the fictional elements of the tales are intertextually merged, as symbols, into other forms of cultural products where they are involved in a critical construction of modern Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant studies have deployed variable-centered methods to examine predictors of children's nutritional status, and few focus on the double burden of malnutrition among young Chinese children. This paper adopts a person-centered approach and leverages data from large samples of Chinese families (the China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS 2004–2015, and China Family Panel Studies, CFPS 2010–2018) to examine trends in the prevalence of stunting, overweight, and stuntingoverweight in early childhood. We developed a hierarchical structure of socioeconomic indicators, including region (Eastern-Central-Western), urbanicity (urban-rural), and family socioeconomic status gradient (four quartiles). We assessed relative risks for malnutrition for 24 subgroups of children from varying socioeconomic strata. Results indicate that the prevalence of stunting decreased consistently while the prevalence of being overweight increased first, followed by a decreasing trend. Moreover, a small group of stuntedoverweight children (4.7%) was identified. Data from the CHNS indicated that children from affluent families in the Central region were prone to being overweight. Data from the CFPS indicate that underprivileged groups (children from poor rural families living in Western China) were at higher risk for both undernutrition and overnutrition than their more advantaged peers. The findings suggest that children in poor, rural areas in Western China should be targeted for malnutrition alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the results of a regional study. The studies were reviewed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, Wan Fang Data and Chinese Science Citation Database. After screening articles and data extraction, Stata V.16 was used for statistical analysis. This study was registered in the Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (CRD42020170649). A total of 2126 articles were identified, and nine papers were finally included. Random-effects modelling showed that the pooled prevalence of hypertension among Chinese patients with T2DM was 54% (95% CI 47 to 61%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence in men (59.8%; 95% CI 49.0 to 70.7%) was higher than that in women (40.2%; 95% CI 29.3 to 59.2%). The prevalence in North China was higher than that in East China. The prevalence in institution-based settings (56%; 95% CI 48 to 64%) was higher than that in community-based settings (51%; 95% CI 34 to 69%). Appropriate preventive measures should be undertaken, such as health education, to control and reduce the risk of hypertension in diabetic patients and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines filial piety, mother-daughter bonding, and romantic love in the short stories of Feng Yuanjun (1900-1974). I argue that filial piety and mother-daughter bonding are not always harmonious but rather are constructed antithetically, demonstrating the complexity of female kinship in Chinese women's literature. Furthermore, maternal love is depicted as permanent and transcendent while romantic love is transient and happenstance. Mothers in Feng's works are the moral force of the entire family and a source of love and support for their daughters, challenging the prevailing conception that Chinese mothers are merely agents of Confucian patriarchy. Overall, I assert that Feng Yuanjun's works complement, revise, and undermine the male-centered anti-filial piety and anti-family discourse of the May Fourth movement, departing from the individualistic free love model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates household behavioral response to disruptions in the food supply chain, with a focus on the role for risk and its effects on household food stocks and food waste. We present an empirical analysis based on data from Chinese consumers over multiple periods in 2019 and during the COVID‐19 crisis of 2020. We investigate how household behavior changed during the COVID‐19 crisis, documenting both food stockpiling and increased food waste. The econometric analysis relies on a control function approach to handle endogeneity. We decompose the effects of increased risk on waste during the crisis into two components: the direct effect reflecting household decisions conditional on food stock; and the indirect effect associated with induced adjustments in food stock. Both effects on food waste are found to be positive, reflecting difficulties households have in managing large food stocks. We present evidence that one percentage point increase in household stocks during a period of supply disruption contributed to a 0.055–0.297 percentage point increase in food waste across food categories. We also present evidence that these effects may persist over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling the problem of 'having a closet full of clothes but nothing to wear', Smart Closet emerged in recent years as a digital closet assistant. This study investigates Chinese consumers' adoption intention toward Smart Closet from a perspective of psychological needs and motivations, integrating the Technology Acceptance Model and Self-Determination Theory. A total of 346 data was collected via an online survey. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicated that two of the three basic psychological needs (autonomy and relatedness) had positive impacts on consumers' motivational perceptions (usefulness and enjoyment) of Smart Closet, which in turn, positively influenced their adoption intention. Additionally, consumers' fashion consciousness was found to have moderating effects on the adoption process. This paper not only lends managerial implications to practitioners pertaining to the implementation of Smart Closet, also provides a reference for validating the integrated framework of TAM and SDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of the paper is to discover the dynamic features of rural men's age at first marriage, and to explore impacts of marriage expenses on men's age at first marriage in rural China amid a rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition. Background: Given the rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition, changes in rural men's marriage timing and its influencing mechanism in China are emerging but remain under examined. Method: The data were collected by the New Urbanization and Sustainable Development research group from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2018 (n = 1,391). Regression models were used to explore the influence of men's marriage expenses and regional economic factors on their age at first marriage. Results: The relationship between squared total marriage expenses of rural migrant men and their age at first marriage shows as a U‐shaped curve. Conjugal matching, family, premarital migration, and regional economy play important roles for rural men entering their first marriages. Conclusion: Compared with the age‐appropriate married men, the early and late married men tend to have higher marriage expenses. Men with more economic resources are capable of seizing high‐qualified women at a younger age, whereas men with less economic resources need to pay more for their first marriage at an older age. Fathers' lower social class and regional economy significantly delay men's age at first marriage. Implications: This study reveals marriage expense is another important factor influencing men's first marriage entry in rural China and provides a clue to solve difficulties of rural men getting married, especially in societies with ongoing rapid urbanization and sociodemographic transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper observes the practice of postpartum confinement by urban women in China with high educational levels from the perspective of cognitive conception and behavioural practice. It reveals the cognitive conflict and self-adjustment in these women between 'modern health notions' and 'traditional medical practices', and analyses the rationality of the long-standing presence of and local differences in the practice as a traditional postpartum nursing behaviour for Chinese women. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the important value of postpartum confinement as a kind of local knowledge and holds that adhering to and advocating the locality and diversification of knowledge, including scientific knowledge, is conducive to the long-term coexistence and sustainable development of different knowledge traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New-energy vehicles (NEV), particularly electric vehicles, are globally popular with political and financial support from governments, which aim at reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution in the transportation sector. This paper designs a matrix model which identifies the factors influencing the decision-making process on purchasing NEVs, and applies the model on a Chinese case to investigate the impact of influencing factors on Chinese consumers' purchase behavior to NEVs. The influencing factors are divided into five groups: economic, political, social, technological and environmental. Through a detailed questionnaire survey of 526 consumers in China, this paper conducts a correlation and difference analysis between these consumers' status and the influencing factors on the purchase decision-making of NEVs through SPSS software. The results indicate that economic, technological and political factors have a strong influence on purchase behavior, while social and environmental factors have a weaker influence. Additional principal component analysis on influencing factors' preference reveals that consumers' preferences have two tendencies: practicability or appearance, with the former is attracting far more attention. Rather than practicability or appearance, consumers care more about economic and political factors. According to these results, this paper suggests several policy implications on enhancing the consumers' willingness to purchase NEVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most dramatic changes in global publishing in the last decade has been the emergence of China. China now has more researchers than the United States, outspends the United States and European Union in research and publishes more scientific papers each year than any other nation in the world. The quality of these papers is also increasing, with more appearing in top‐ranked journals and gaining more citations overall. Despite this success, China has gained an unenviable reputation for research misconduct and geopolitical issues threaten its continuation. Given the impact of China's growing presence on editors, publishers and non‐Chinese authors seeking to publish in the same journals, it is important to understand the reasons, directions and outcomes of these changes, their effect on Chinese scholars and local Chinese journals, and where they might be leading. In this review paper I explore the rise of Chinese scholarship, its influence on global publishing and on Chinese scholars, and how the Chinese government is responding to its new role in global academic publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a project on Chinese Malaysians' educational mobility across the Chinese-speaking world, this paper highlights their reasons for attending university in Taiwan while examining their subjective formations as ethnic Chinese vis-à-vis transnational processes. Resulting from ethnographic and interview-based research conducted in 2019–2021, the findings demonstrate that the students' choices for higher education are, to a great extent, culturally driven and historically contingent. Thus they provide an alternative view to the dominant paradigm of international student mobility that emphasises economic and future career incentives. By focusing on three factors—state racism, historical connections, and Sinophone cultural consumption—that motivated them to leave Malaysia and go to Taiwan, this paper moreover draws attention to the transnational infrastructures (e.g. policy, media, interpersonal networks) that have continually reproduced and transformed a long-existing migration pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--The key and difficult point for all Chinese people to achieve common prosperity lies in some remote mountainous areas and forest areas, because these areas are highly overlapping areas of " old areas, ethnic minorities areas, border areas and poor areas" and they are the most unbalanced and inadequate areas of China's development. However, these areas are rich in forest resources. Forests are "reservoirs" "grain depots" "money banks" and "carbon pools". The realization quality of forests as "four repositories" is closely related to the realization degree of common prosperity. Giving full play to the role of forests as "four repositories" can not only promote the modernization of remote mountainous areas and forest areas, shorten the gap between urban and rural areas, but also an important cornerstone for promoting common prosperity. (2) Methods--This paper firstly analyzed the theoretical logic and historical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using historical analysis and case analysis, then discussed the practical logic of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity by using case analysis, and finally put forward the realistic paths of forests as "four repositories" promoting common prosperity. (3) Results Forest is a "money bank", which contains its natural attributes, reflecting that forest re sources can be transformed into economic benefits, and it is consistent with the " two mountains" concept of "clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver". Forest is a "reservoir", which contains its spiritual attributes, reflects the balance of forest and water and the symbiotic relationship of forest and water. Forest is a "carbon pool", which contains its social attributes, it is conducive to the moral awakening of social ecological protection, and improving the distribution system based on the principles of fairness and justice. Forest is a "grain depot", which contains its historical attributes, it demonstrates the bottom line thinking of maintaining food security, holding well and holding firmly China's rice bowls, and is of great significance to enhancing the people's sense of gain, happiness and security on the grain issue. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--This paper puts forward the following paths to give full play to the role of forests as " four repositories" to promote common prosperity: First, strive to form a value realization mechanism of forest ecological products with the government as the lead and the market as the main body. We can learn from the advanced experiences such as Costa Rica's horizontal payment for forest ecological services, Finland's biodiversity protection and ecological compensation system based on the voluntary participation of forest farmers and the signed agreements through negotiations, and Zhejiang's " 10,000 yuan per acre mountain" model to enrich the people, so as to give full play to the role of forests as "money banks" to ensure the rich wealth of people in remote mountainous areas and forest areas. Second, give full play to the role of forests as "reservoirs", realize the spatio-temporal regulation of water resources, and promote the realization of forest functions such as purifying water quality, regulating climate and beautifying the environment. Third, vigorously seek food from forests, which will help ease the pressure on arable lands, ensure grain and oil security, and effectively promote the efficiency of forestry and increase the income of forest farmers. Fourth, give full play to the role of forests as "carbon pools" and enhance the capacity of forest carbon sequestration and sinks. It is conducive to giving full play to the role of " carbon sinks" forestry in climate changes in the context of the " double carbon" era, and better achieve the goal of improving the forest governance system and promoting the common prosperity of remote mountainous areas and forest areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous lectures targeted at overseas Chinese children have mostly been offline in the form of youth camps sponsored by the Chinese governments before the COVID-19 pandemic and are now usually administered online in a single-topic format transnationally post-pandemic. This form of "one-to-many" singular online lectures comes along with discontinuity, mass audiences, chaos, and being less tailored to the individual needs and context, failing to meet the evaluation metrics in different evaluation levels. This paper proposes a model of transnational online livestreaming serial socio-cultural lectures for overseas Chinese children, which puts forward the synergy of lecturing staff from higher educational institutions (HEIs) in China and students at Chinese language schools (CLSs) worldwide as participants. Lecturing staff from needs and context HEIs can guarantee sufficient keynote speakers for "one-on-one" mode and cope with the above-mentioned problems. After the implementation of five sessions of these serial lectures, evaluation of this model shows that the pre-lecture, during-lecture, and post-lecture stages have are applicable. Furthermore, for sociocultural lectures, the audience may be more interested in literature classics than folk arts from a specific region. Correlation analysis reveals that younger children have a better evaluation of this model and an improved inclination to attend lectures, which sheds light on the improvement of sociocultural lectures as online lectures are preferred among overseas Chinese children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees' social media use in the workplace has become a common phenomenon. Thriving at work is a positive psychological state, and conventional wisdom and preliminary research on thriving at work indicate the benefits of thriving for both employees and organizations. However, few studies have linked social media use and employees' sense of thriving. Based on the socially embedded model of thriving at work, this paper explores the relationship between social media use and thriving at work, as well as the mediating role of knowledge sharing and the moderating role of locus of control. Mplus is used to analyze the data of 397 Chinese employees collected at two time points; the results show a significant positive impact of social‐related social media use on thriving at work. However, work‐related social media use was found to have no effect on thriving at work, though knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between social media use and thriving at work. In addition, locus of control moderates the relationship between work‐related social media use and thriving at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the fast-emerging literature on African immigrants in new destinations, this paper examines the role of religion in the African immigrants' perceived attitudes of Chinese people toward them. Building on the triple-market model, we identify different ways Islam and Christianity influence African immigrants' perceived attitudes in Guangzhou, the most popular gateway city for African immigrants to China. Using both survey and in-depth interview data, we find that Muslim Africans tend to perceive better attitudes of local Chinese toward them than their Christian counterparts. African-dominated congregations, where Christian Africans are used to participating, are negatively associated with African immigrants' perceived attitudes. We argue that the mechanism underlying the relationships reflects how religion influences immigrants' social experiences in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Chinese women become more educated and participate in the labor force, they earn more money independently. At the same time, thanks to China's one-child policy, women have gained more intergenerational wealth. The economic foundation allowed Chinese women to play bigger power in the consumer market, and a phenomenon called "Her Economy" since 2007. The improvement of discourse power and economic empowerment of Chinese women in the consumer market rendered them better achieve self-empowerment. However, female behavior is also shaped by society, and female consumption is more likely to be influenced by consumer culture and become the background board of consumer society, and women find it difficult to achieve real empowerment through consumption. Although the existing literature has explored this issue, the research field has not been extended to Chinese female consumers, and the theoretical perspective of empowerment is lacking. Thus, this paper reviews women's consumption and empowerment in China from a critical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reveals the interweaving of three traditions—Christian, Manchu, and Han Chinese—in the work of an unduly neglected figure in early modern China, Aisin-Gioro Depei 愛新覺羅·德沛 (1688–1752), who was a Manchu prince, neo-Confucian philosopher, and likely, a hidden Christian. The analysis demonstrates that Depei developed a particular syncretic philosophy based on the rational theology that he learned from the works of a significant Jesuit missionary, Giulio Aleni (1582–1649, 艾儒略), notably Aleni's Xingxue cushu 性學觕述 (A Brief Introduction to the Study of Human Nature). Using resources from Christian and Confucian traditions, Depei puts forward an approach, which marks the continuation of the cross-cultural interpretation movement launched by the missionaries since the late Ming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why study China's Christian universities in the Republican era today? Christian universities were brought by Western missionaries and evolved as an educational system in China at the beginning of the 20th century. They were eliminated during the restructuring of the Chinese higher education system in the early 1950s; however, Deng Xiaoping's reform policies in the 1980s brought profound changes in China, encouraging Chinese scholars to bring back pre-1949 Christian higher education in China. Since then, new approaches and reconceptualizations have been developed, such as in the fields of Eastern–Western cultural exchange, interdisciplinary studies (from xixue to guoxue), and the adaptation of global and local perspectives. This paper is an attempt to report how the reconceptualizations of China's Christian universities in the Republican era were brought about in the various processes of indigenization, contextualization, internationalization, Asianization, and Sinicization, with the subsequent development of a new legacy moving toward the Sinicization of Christian universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides summaries of various research studies on depression. The studies cover a range of topics, including the impact of trauma reporting on journalists, stigma and self-stigma of mental illness in Turkey, the relationship between depression severity and perceived cognitive impairment, the construct validity of a depression scale in Chinese adolescents, the interaction between a specific gene and peer rejection in predicting depression among Chinese adolescents, a clinical psychoinformatics approach to detect signs of depression recurrence, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Filipino university students, the influencing factors of depression among 11th grade students in China, the effectiveness of a Mindful Self-Compassion program on college students with depression, and the effectiveness of a self-help paper-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention in reducing the risk of depression. The studies provide valuable insights into the causes, effects, and treatment of depression, highlighting the need for intervention and mental health support. [Extracted from the article]

(1) Background: There is no reliable way to assess antenatal fetal pulmonary hypoplasia; however, the biological parameters of the fetal lung can help in evaluating fetal lung development. This study aimed to establish the reference intervals for normal fetal lung biological parameters at 21–40 weeks among the Chinese population. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of Chinese groups, and included a total of 1388 normal single pregnant women at 21–40 weeks' gestation. We selected 2134 images of a standard four-chamber view (4CV). ImageJ software (Release 2.14.0) was used to measure the left and right lung areas using a manual tracing method; the elliptic function key was used to measure the fetal thoracic circumference (TC), thoracic area (TA), head circumference (HC), heart area (HA), and abdominal circumference (AC). Based on the above measurements, the following parameters were calculated: lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR), total lung area (TLA), TLA/Weight (mm2/g), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), lung–thoracic area ratio (TLA/TA), lung–heart area ratio (TLA/HA), TC/AC, and TC/HC. (3) Results: The left and right lung areas and LHRs positively correlated with gestational age (R2 = 0.85, 0.88, 0.66, 0.71, p < 0.001). From 21–40 weeks, the left and right lung areas and TLA increased by about 3.33 times, 3.16 times, and 3.22 times, respectively. The means of left and right LHRs increased by about 1.94 times and 1.84 times, respectively. TLA/Weight (mm2/g) was weakly correlated with gestational age, while CTR, TLA/TA, TLA/HA, TC/AC, and TC/HC had no significant correlation with gestational age. There was no statistically significant difference in fetal lung parameters between different genders of newborns, p > 0.05. (4) Conclusions: Our study establishes the reference intervals for normal Chinese fetal lung biological parameters at 21–40 weeks. Moreover, the reference intervals apply to fetuses of different genders. This paper can provide a reference for the prenatal non-invasive assessment of fetal pulmonary hypoplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding consumers' purchase behaviors is fundamental to the success of the dairy industry. With its economic importance, the Chinese market is critical to dairy producers in most countries around the world. However, understanding consumers in this market is particularly challenging, as these consumers often have a different relationship with dairy products than consumers elsewhere in the world, given the country's historical dairy-related scandals. This special relationship can be characterized by what consumer behavior researchers call "high involvement," indicating that Chinese dairy consumers often attempt to reduce the level of risk associated with buying dairy products. Surprisingly, although this relationship affects several important aspects of purchase behavior, examination of the concept of involvement in the dairy sector has not been widely considered. Of note, there is no understanding of how Chinese consumers vary in their involvement levels and their implications on their dairy purchase behaviors. Nor have there been involvement-based insights provided on how dairy companies can position their marketing strategy to suit the needs of these consumers better. Thus, this study proposes a new approach to understanding Chinese consumer dairy decisions by introducing "consumer involvement" as a segmentation tool through which individuals' behaviors can be predicated according to their involvement profile. Based on an online survey administered in Shanghai using 1,073 dairy consumers, principal component analysis confirmed involvement with dairy is a multidimensional construct with the following 4 factors: pleasure value, symbolic value, risk importance, and risk probability. A 2-step cluster analysis identified 4 consumer clusters based on their involvement profile: face-concerned dairy lover, carefree dairy consumer, cautious dairy lover, and confused dairy consumer. According to a one-way ANOVA test and cross-tabulation with χ2 test, these consumer segments behave differently in relation to the extensiveness of decision making, cue utilization, trust of information sources, and consumption behavior. The outcomes in this paper further explain why efforts to restore consumer trust for dairy products do not work among some consumers, as individuals may exhibit diverse attitudes toward such information due to their heterogeneous involvement levels. The study also provides suggestions for market practitioners and organizations to develop effective target market strategies and policies according to different consumer clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue that the postfeminist performance of contemporary Chinese advertising deflects attention away from the feminist call for gender equality. First, I explain why Chinese feminist development leads to "femininity melancholia." I then examine the postfeminist heroes and heroines—that is the ideals of masculinity and femininity that inspire audience imitation—in contemporary Chinese advertising campaigns and femvertising vlogs (recent advertising with a focus on empowered women). In unveiling the pressures of young Chinese men's idealized masculinity, I suggest Chinese men dread female individuation and desire to preserve women's dependence and domesticity. Such pressures are intensified by idealized masculinity in advertising to men's ambivalence towards femininity via Judith Butler's gender melancholia. Engaging with Angela McRobbie's ideas about postfeminist heroines trapped in performing perfectly balanced femininity, I propose that the postfeminist performance by Chinese female vloggers indicates that young women have maintained a sense of self-definition without abandoning their femininity in the face of intense scrutiny from social and cultural gazes. My analysis of the interplay between the "femininity melancholia" shown in contemporary Chinese advertising and Chinese people's feminist consciousness contributes to the postfeminist debate about the relationship between feminism and femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large volume of evidence indicates that only high-class students attend extracurricular activities (Art, music, sport, dancing). On the other hand, this evidence intensively underlines the substantial importance of such extracurricular activities, particularly in visual art, in promoting children's cognitive and non-cognitive well-being. Adolescents' participation in visual art was always interrelated with enhancing their emotional affection towards the Art and cognitive skill in making one, which ultimately built solid efficacy that allows them to interact with their society. The present cross-sectional study sought to shed light on the potential impact of visual art on adolescents' emotional, cognition, and self-efficacy development, which needs to be improved in the Chinese context. Hence, randomly sampled (N = 2139) junior secondary school students were recruited from the rural province of Guizhou in Southwest China to attain the aim of the study. The study's finding affirms that students engaged in artistic activities start to develop a habit of communicating with their peers, showing their work, and commenting on works made by their peers or observed in art exhibitions or museums; such a process makes them self-efficacious. Ultimately, this paper extends the application of visual art activities from educational benefits to nonacademic development, which are the primary agents for children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stored under optimal conditions, paper can last for hundreds of years; however, paper is also susceptible to numerous agents of deterioration as it is primarily made of cellulose fibre derived from plant cell walls. Paper is especially vulnerable under conditions with high temperature and humidity, which together can encourage mould growth and foster insect pests. Pest infestation is a common type of deterioration responsible for significant damage to paper and books. Endsheets prepared with red lead and sewn into traditional Chinese bookbindings are a historical method used to minimise insect damage to books in southern China. Samples of red-coloured papers from the Fung Ping Shan Library at the University of Hong Kong were assessed. Two types of so called wan nian hong papers (萬年紅紙), (1) damaged and (2) undamaged by insects, were analysed with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence detector. The chemical analyses reveal high concentrations of red lead (lead tetroxide, Pb3O4) in the undamaged papers, and only very few traces of lead in the damaged papers. The orange papers with insect feeding tunnels seem to have been only coloured in orange, and not treated with red lead as a biocide. These results are discussed and compared with modern treatment methods in the integrated pest management of books, archive, and library materials in (a) Europe and (b) Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague‐related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung's method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the primary causes of maternal death. Although many studies have reported maternal VTE, no study has estimated the incidence of it in China. Objectives: The aim of this work was to estimate the incidence of maternal VTE in China and to compare the risk factors for it. Search strategy: The authors searched eight platforms and databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2022, with the search terms "venous thromboembolism" AND "puerperium (pregnancy)" AND "incidence" AND "China." Selection criteria: Studies provide data to calculate the incidence of maternal VTE among Chinese patients. Data collection and analysis: The authors made a standardized table to collect data and calculated the incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), founding source of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis and meta‐regression and judging publication bias by funnel plot and Egger test. Main results: The included 53 papers with a total sample size of 3 813 871 patients had 2539 cases of VTE, and the incidence of maternal VTE in China was 0.13% (95% CI, 0.11–0.16; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The trend in the incidence of maternal VTE in China is stable. Cesarean section and advanced age are associated with a higher incidence of VTE. Synopsis: This meta‐analysis reveals the incidence of maternal VTE in China is 0.13% and the trend is stable. Cesarean section is a critical risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand intrinsic attribute preferences of Chinese consumers for table grapes, analyze the influencing factors, and build consumer preference prediction models. In this study, 4324 consumers from various regions of China were investigated. We analyzed consumer preferences and the influencing factors. Finally, binary logistic regression was used to construct prediction models of consumers' intrinsic attribute preferences for table grapes. The results showed that grapes popular with Chinese consumers had fixed characteristics, including moderate size, spherical or near-spherical shape, purple-red color, strawberry flavor, light aroma, soft flesh and juicy, sweet taste, seedlessness, thin skin powder, and easy to peel. The results of the prediction models showed that age, annual consumption of grapes, and other factors of consumers had significant effects on consumer preferences. The prediction models achieved 80% accuracy in predicting consumer preferences for taste, seedless and peeling degrees. Analyzing the latest attribute preferences of Chinese table grapes, consumers can provide on the one hand, breeding direction reference for breeders, and on the other, marketing suggestions for marketers in the table grape industry. This study comprehensively investigated the intrinsic attribute preferences of Chinese table grape consumers, mastered the latest results of consumer preferences, added the indicators of the intrinsic attributes from the perspective of consumer demand, and conducted relatively more complete prediction research on the preferences of Chinese consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To investigate the prevalence of fundus tessellation (FT), and the threshold for screening FT using an artificial intelligence (AI) technology in Chinese children. Methods: The Nanjing Eye Study was a population-based cohort study conducted in children born between September 2011 and August 2012 in Yuhuatai District of Nanjing. The data presented in this paper were obtained in 2019, when these children were 7 years old and underwent 45° non-mydriatic fundus photography. FT in whole fundus, macular area, and peripapillary area was manually recognized from fundus photographs and classified into three grades. Fundus tessellation density (FTD) in these areas was obtained by calculating the average exposed choroid area per unit area using artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on fundus photographs. The threshold for screening FT using FTD was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Among 1062 enrolled children (mean [± standard deviation] spherical equivalent: − 0.28 ± 0.70 D), the prevalence of FT was 42.18% in the whole fundus (grade 1: 36.53%; grade 2: 5.08%; grade 3: 0.56%), 45.57% in macular area (grade 1: 43.5%; grade 2: 1.60%; grade 3: 0.50%), and 49.72% in peripapillary area (grade 1: 44.44%; grade 2: 4.43%; grade 3: 0.85%), respectively. The threshold value of FTD for screening severe FT (grade ≥ 2) was 0.049 (area under curve [AUC] 0.985; sensitivity 98.3%; specificity 92.3%) in the whole fundus, 0.069 (AUC 0.987; sensitivity 95.5%; specificity 96.2%) in the macular area, and 0.094 (AUC 0.980; sensitivity 94.6%; specificity 94.2%) in the peripapillary area, respectively. Conclusion: Fundus tessellation affected approximately 40 in 100 children aged 7 years in China, indicating the importance and necessity of early FT screening. The threshold values of FTD provided by this study had high accuracy for detecting severe FT and might be applied for rapid screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to describe and explore the behavioral dilemmas and support-requirement characteristics of self-management for epileptic adolescents during transition readiness.Methods: A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted. Patients (N=654) in eight hospitals in China completed a demographic and disease characteristics questionnaire and measures of epilepsy transition readiness, self-management of epilepsy, and perceived social support, and 17 patients and family care-givers were interviewed simultaneously.Results: Adolescents with epilepsy (AWEs) had low levels of self-management and transition readiness, and moderate levels of social support. Multivariate linear regression showed that age, antiepileptic drug type, comorbidities, family structure, transition readiness, and social support were statistically significant in the regression model (p< 0.05). Seven themes emerged in the qualitative analysis related to self-management behavioral dilemmas, and 11 themes emerged for support requirements. The findings from the qualitative and quantitative analyses were combined to create a conceptual model based on the SMART framework and the social cognitive theory.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the state of self-management behaviors of Chinese AWEs is not promising. The influential factors and characteristics are complex and systematic.Practice Implications: This study provides insights into the self-management practices of AWEs in China and expands previous self-management and transitional readiness strategies and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Initial studies have suggested that multiple segment (MS) spectacle lenses can reduce the progression rate of childhood myopia and axial eye growth. This paper aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different available designs of MS lens and to explore the nature of their control effect. Method: Published data from the only two clinical trials in which changes in mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) for matched groups of myopic children wearing either MS or single‐vision (SV) spectacle corrections, recorded over a period of at least 2 years, were further analysed and compared. Both trials involved Chinese children of similar ages and visual characteristics, but the trials were located in different cities. The two MS lenses examined were MiyoSmart or DIMS (Hoya) and Stellest (Essilor). Results: Absolute changes in SER and AL differed over time during the two trials. However, if the results were expressed in terms of efficacy over successive 6‐month periods, then the two MS lenses produced broadly similar results (initial efficacy for the control of myopia progression of about 60%–80%, declining over 2 years to about 35%–55%). Control appears to be absolute rather than proportional. Discussion: Myopia control may be due to either the additional myopic defocus induced by the MS lenses (i.e., asymmetry of the through‐focus image changes about the distance focus) or to the general reduction in image contrast that the lenslets create in the peripheral field. Conclusion: Multiple segment spectacle lenses offer a valuable new approach to the control of myopia progression in children. Further work is required to clarify their mechanism of action and to optimise their design parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the similarity attraction paradigm, this paper investigates when and how proactive employees can be rated as proactive performers by proposing supervisor-subordinate marital status similarity as a relational moderator and leader-member exchange as the mediator. It therefore advances understanding of performance evaluation of proactive employees. Data from a sample of 471 Chinese employees and their 161 supervisors are used to examine the models hypothesized. The results show that LMX mediates the interaction effect between a proactive personality and supervisor-subordinate marital status similarity on supervisors' evaluations of proactive performance. When proactive employees and their supervisors have similar (dissimilar) marital status, the indirect relationship between proactive personality and supervisor-rated proactive performance via LMX is stronger (weaker). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space and bodies have been conceptualized as products and producers of social relations. They are woven together to shape identities, belongings, and cultures. This paper links culture to the mutual construction of space and bodies to spatialize the embodied lives of rural Chinese boys. Stories from a qualitative study of two middle schools illustrate how these rural boys experience embodied exclusions during the making of a learning space. These students also redefine the dominant meaning of the school space through an embodied-discursive construction of their lives. They shift their interests away from academic learning and move to emphasize social knowledge that focuses on social relations and social abilities. However, their re-appropriation of the space is interpreted as a gendered expression of noncooperation, which leads to their further marginalization within the academic-oriented space. This analysis examines in which body and which space is the rural boys' resistance produced. Turning to spatiality and embodiment provides an alternative interpretation of the counter-school culture of rural Chinese boys, which helps us more fully recognize the need for re-placing rural bodies in the Chinese education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the classification of nasal dorsal lines in Chinese population and explore the corresponding precise treatment strategy. Methods From July 2021 to September 2022, 238 patients (201 female and 37 male) receiving treatments for nasal dorsal lines in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Before the injection, photographs were captured at rest and at grimace under the standard conditions, then the nasal dorsal lines were classified. Six regular injection points were selected. The injection dose at each point was adjusted according to the specific wrinkle type. Follow-up was performed at 3 to 5 weeks after injection. The treatment effect was evaluated by Facial Wrinkle Scale. Complications were also recorded. Results Among the patients included, 88 cases were complex type (37.0%), 70 cases were transverse type (29.4%), 52 cases were oblique type (21.8%), and 28 cases were vertical type (11.8%). The average preoperative wrinkle score was (2.50±0.50), and the postoperative wrinkle score was (1.03±0.54), with a significant difference (P<0.05). Fourteen patients had bruising and 9 patients had slight asymmetry of lips when smiling. No other serious complications were recorded. Conclusion The nasal dorsal lines of Chinese people can be categorized into complex, transverse, oblique, and vertical types. The precise treatment strategy adopted in this paper has good clinical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the late Ming Dynasty period, the Jesuits carried out a cultural accommodation strategy in China, commonly known as Ricci's Strategy, due to the significant role played by Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) during this process. This strategy encompassed three elements: evangelizing through science and technology, establishing connections with the upper class, and compiling books to spread evangelism, all of which helped Catholicism to be promoted in China and be accepted by the Chinese people collectively. But the strategy also drew a lot of opposition within and outside of the Society of Jesus, some of which even led to the Rites Controversy. The extant literature primarily focuses on the conflicts that arose between the Society of Jesus and other religious orders, as well as the divergent viewpoints within the Society itself, like Niccolò Longobardo (1559–1654)'s well-documented anti-Riccian position. However, this approach largely ignored the disputes that arose within the Jesuit community in Beijing during the 17th century, mainly involving Ludovico Buglio (1606–1682) and Adam Schall (1592–1666) as two key figures on opposing sides. These disputes primarily centered around three points: the inclusion of superstitious elements in the calendar, the identities of the Jesuits in Early Qing, and the approach to inculturating theology. Although these historical events offered new perspectives and materials for the study of Ricci's Strategy, they have received limited scholarly attention. This paper focuses on the disputes between Buglio and Schall, analyzing how Matteo Ricci's Strategy was investigated during that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]