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Humanity has known and used paper for millennia, but in last decades along with technological progress and available alternatives, the discussion about the use of paper increased significantly due to its significant impact on nature and to economic development and overall efficiency. Paper provides insight about risks of continuing in same pace to use paper and gives view on some most important benefits for transition from analog to digital format. Covid-19 pandemic showed perfectly importance of digitalization and many weaknesses as well. Analysis of theoretical literature and everyday life gives evidence, that we are in long cycle of information transforming, which leads to more decrease of the use of paper in future. Paper is based on real life data from Jelgava's education system including 25 institutions of all levels -- from preschool to gymnasiums, as well as other types too. Research shows tendencies, that from 2018 - 2021 the use of paper decreased to a large extent (-67,5%), while expenditures on digital platforms grew impressively (+501,4%). However, 2022 highlighted those changes were non-persistent and showed the impact of Covid-19 containment measures on these processes, which reflected after restriction were lifted in strong rebound in the use of paper. Yet the Covid-19 pandemic gave an opportunity to see what the digitalization path looks like and what we need to do to achieve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the outbreak of Covid-19, production and sales have been influenced greatly. This paper take Paper Company's as the case study of relationship between business sustaibability and competitive adventage in a price sensitive market. Through a cost leadership strategy we can analyze the waste paper A5 requirement for brown paper products amid the increasing in raw material. The result of this analysis will prove wether during the pandemic Covid-19 there has been a change in demand for brown paper and will affect the need for raw material. Therefore, this paper helps clarify the concept that a reasonable comprtitive strategy has a positif effect on the business sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of JALT Postconference Proceedings is the property of Japan Association for Language Teaching and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the COVID‐19 epidemic, the characteristics of rapid sharing of research findings were fully reflected on the bioRxiv platform, which received considerable attention from scholars. bioRxiv currently collaborates with 242 journals, addressing that it can save authors time in submitting papers to journals or peer review services by transmitting their manuscript files and metadata directly from bioRxiv. To see if preprints are altering the publishing process, we compared the duration of the peer review process between bioRxiv and journal papers. This study investigated papers' submission and publication times from bioRxiv to journals (B2J) and authors to journals (A2J) in 119 academic journals from November 2013 to February 2020. Findings reveal that 33 journals exhibited significant differences in the duration time between B2J and A2J papers. B2J papers were published faster than A2J papers in 29 journals, indicating that sharing on the preprint platform could shorten the peer review time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the development process of a serious game elements such as storyline, feedback and learning tasks need to be designed in order to create an entertaining but also goal-oriented learning experience. Thus, a decisive challenge is to master the balance between learning and playing. Prototyping and testing can support a systematic evaluation of this balance. This paper describes how the methods of paper and digital prototyping were applied in the project E.F.A. which aims at developing a serious game on occupational health and safety. Paper prototyping was used at an early stage of the development process. Work on the digital prototype only began after the testing and refinement of the paper prototype was completed. This paper aims at answering the following research questions: How do evaluation results of a serious game concept differ between testing with a paper-based and a digital prototype? For which evaluation criteria is either a paper prototype or a digital prototype an appropriate medium to efficiently test and refine the concept of a serious game? To collect data on these aspects, eight test runs with the paper-based and seven with the digital prototype were conducted. Testers were asked to think aloud while playing and were interviewed before and after testing. A comparison of paper-based and digital testing shows that a paper prototype is rather useful for evaluating baseline elements such as the complexity of learning tasks. In the specific case of E.F.A. the implementation of learning contents was criticized and participants perceived only a small grow in knowledge. For testing aspects of usability digital testing, though, turns out to be a better suited method. The digital version revealed problems in the navigation and the position of dialogs or buttons. The results of this research indicate which evaluation criteria are useful for different levels of abstraction of prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although digitalization of HR is popular nowadays, it is still in its infancy stage and studied by relatively less researchers. However, its significance has been more realized during the latest epidemic of Covid-19 as companies have to depend on working-from-home environment and moved toward digitalization in a tremendous speed. The main focus of this paper is to review the concept of HR digitalization, its advantages and disadvantages, the obstacles to implement HR digitalization. Moreover, the paper will also investigate the effect of HR digitalization on the employee job performance. The review revealed that HR digitalization has revolutionized the world HRM through the effective and efficient use of the social networking and internet websites. In addition, digitalization of HRM is not an easy decision or process before which the organizations have to consider many aspects and characteristics as well as to do much research and evaluation because there are several factors that participate into the successful implementation of the digitalized systems. Furthermore, digitalization of HR provides operational advantages but also other relational benefits, and more or less enhances from the employee job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although digitalization of HR is popular nowadays, it is still in its infancy stage and studied by relatively less researchers. However, its significance has been more realized during the latest epidemic of Covid-19 as companies have to depend on working-from-home environment and moved toward digitalization in a tremendous speed. The main focus of this paper is to review the concept of HR digitalization, its advantages and disadvantages, the obstacles to implement HR digitalization. Moreover, the paper will also investigate the effect of HR digitalization on the employee job performance. The review revealed that HR digitalization has revolutionized the world HRM through the effective and efficient use of the social networking and internet websites. In addition, digitalization of HRM is not an easy decision or process before which the organizations have to consider many aspects and characteristics as well as to do much research and evaluation because there are several factors that participate into the successful implementation of the digitalized systems. Furthermore, digitalization of HR provides operational advantages but also other relational benefits, and more or less enhances from the employee job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the proper location of the distribution center is a strategic plan in maintaining customer service commitment, saving time, transportation costs, and general operational costs. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution center location in the case of paper packaging products. The method used is center of gravity and AHP. The location recommended by the center of gravity method is right in the center of the North Bekasi toll road which is not feasible (coordinates X: -6.2621505, Y: 107.015805). The priority of distribution center locations in the case of paper packaging products using the AHP method is C location with a weight of 0.3402, A location with a weight of 0.3329, and B location with a weight of 0.3269, respectively. Location C superiors in three of the four criteria, i.e. facility, accessibility, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present a conceptual integration of critical reflexivity and leadership archetype theory to capture the traits and characteristics of leaders leading in extreme contexts. Casting a historiometric glance at wars, battles and conflicts led by women warriors alongside their men in Africa during the trans-Atlantic trade period in the 15th to the 19th century, this paper argues that there is no context where leadership qualities are more discernible and pivotal than in extreme contexts. The paper offers the dance metaphor and archetypes as a theoretical bridge and a tool to problematise leadership performance in extreme contexts. Dance as an operative metaphor makes visible the invisible virtuosity of a leader. The paper builds an argument that dance mobilises a visual expression of mental, emotional, spiritual and physical reflexivity. Epistemically, the paper take a stance that the warrior mystique archetypical energy of an effective leader is relative, and is imprinted in a leader's "inner theatre" within cultural contexts facilitated by reflexivity capabilities. The paper concludes by demonstrating the contingent and fluid nature of leadership in extreme contexts, and how its practices enable the development of a special kind of nimbleness, agility, kinetic, intuitive, visual, mystique warrior leadership capabilities, required to lead influentially and impactfully in transformative and liberating ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the aviation industry including the airlines, maintenance, and manufacturing has faced an unprecedented crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aviation training in Indonesia is no exception in experiencing the pandemic's negative impacts, such as disruptions in aviation training, mental health issues, and economic uncertainty. Teachers were forced to adjust instruction from in-person training to online or hybrid learning. This shift increases much concern, especially on the training effectiveness and the quality of its outcome. Perceptions of instructors need to be examined to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness and whether there were positive or negative consequences as well as costs from the aforementioned changes. The researchers of this study conducted seven semi-structured interviews with aviation maintenance instructors in Indonesia to determine the challenges of changing teaching methods during COVID-19. Moreover, a questionnaire was collected from 83 students in four maintenance training programs to investigate the COVID-19 learning method changes in their practical skills as learning outcomes. The Incorporation of Technology (T), Individual (I), Pedagogical (P), and Enabling Condition (EC) or 'TIPEC' Framework and Resilience Engineering Framework will be utilized as the basis to develop the questionnaire and to analyze the results of how the students responded to the new learning method. In the end, this study suggested the most effective teaching methods that can improve practical skilled aviation maintenance professionals in Indonesia during the pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to demonstrate the causal relationship between the new Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI) and the inflationary movements occurring at the global level. The primary focus of this research is to identify patterns and correlations that emerge between these two economic indicators, thereby attempting to mitigate the effects of inflation by analysing indices directly related to global merchandise traffic. Therefore, the terms and concepts used are clarified in the first section within a broader framework, to underscore their relevance within the scope of the paper, as well as to facilitate their further exploration for a more profound comprehension of subsequent scientific and specialized references. The second section provides a brief overview of scientific works on this topic, which have served as the scientific foundation and have prompted us to undertake our study to contribute to the body of scientific knowledge on this relatively underexplored subject, given that the GSCPI is a concept that emerged only in May of the year 2022. Furthermore, in the second section, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to discern trends concerning global supply chains and global inflation, as well as the correlation between them. The result is to provide a deeper understanding of the novel concepts and the prospective utilization of GSCPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 epidemic has negatively impacted many industries around the world; the fashion industry is no exception. However, the business activities of the high-end fashion field have found virtual solutions to maintain operations by new technology platforms, which help improve the customer's access to the fashion brand. This paper identifies digital fashion as the most optimal solution not only in the present time but also further in the future of the fashion industry, by collecting the methods, software and tools that many fashion brands have used since 2020 and predicting that the technology industry will explode in the following years. Through analyzing and synthesizing the effectiveness of the software applications that fashion designers have used, the study presents design trends that use technology as a platform to reality clothes on computer screens, clothes that look real without the use of sewing machines and fabrics. These results provide an overview of how top brands communicate, operate and control the fashion industry in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. On the other side, it helps expand design knowledge and thinking for countries with a growing fashion industry. In general, digital fashion is a fast, convenient, useful and effective transformation and connection between many fashion departments, design and business in the era of industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advantages of using temporary structures in emergencies were most emphasized during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the need for fast construction and low-cost buildings became the primary requirement. In addition to emergency use, temporary facilities can significantly contribute to the positive transformations of city districts and improve the cultural and social life of residents. However, the government in Sarajevo never proposed solutions involving temporary structures in emergencies, although there was a considerable need for their application in the last two years. With its linear organization of the city, precious historical heritage, unregulated illegal construction, and poor concept of urbanization, Sarajevo is an extraordinarily complex area for any new interventions and transformations. Therefore, applying temporary structures in such a complex urban matrix could be easily interpreted as positive or negative transformations. Unfortunately, the current use of temporary structures has been reduced to the organization of various temporary sales pavilions that most often degrade the city's image and represent negative examples of the transformation of urban zones. For this reason, one of the aims of this paper is to investigate unified, standardized temporary structures that could be used in both previously mentioned situations. These aspirations led us to the following research question: "Which kind of standardized temporary structure could positively contribute to the activation of urban zones and improve the living standards of Sarajevo citizens, but also be used in case of emergency?" The following types of temporary structures were analyzed in this paper: tent constructions, prefabricated modular containers, transport containers, prefabricated wooden buildings, and deployable bar structures. The analyses were conducted according to criteria divided into two groups. Temporary structures were compared according to the first group of criteria, and these analyses resulted in the selection of prefabricated modular containers and deployable bar structures for further analysis. This paper expands criteria established by authors who have previously researched these structures with new parameters, such as system adaptability, local stability of elements, aesthetics, impact on the urban image, system mobility, etcetera. Analyses results point to deployable bar structures as most suitable for the application as a standardized structure. Further analysis was conducted to create guidelines for location selection in Sarajevo and set up the framework for analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of temporary structure applications at these locations. An analysis led us to conclude that applying temporary structures could significantly improve temporary urbanism in Sarajevo and living standards in inactive urban areas further from the town center. Furthermore, we have concluded that temporary camps should be located closer to the town center in emergency cases due to specific infrastructure needs, and this paper assesses some of the potential locations that are not investigated before. Conducted analysis in this paper has proven advantages in using deployable temporary structures, but these structures are in different development stages, and it is essential to update analysis results with structure developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era, one of the key challenges in utilizing the Holt-Winters Method of forecasting is the accurate selection of smoothing coefficients. To address this issue, researchers have explored an optimization approach that aims to minimize forecasting errors, such as Mean Squared Errors (MSE) or Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD). This paper presents a novel methodology that employs a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the forecasting error by determining the optimal smoothing coefficients for the Holt-Winters Method. The objective value of the optimization problem is the Mean Square Error (MSE), which serves as a measure of the accuracy of the forecast. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, actual test cases based on rice stock commercial commodity in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic were utilized. The paper examines different variants of the Holt-Winters Method and assesses their suitability for capturing the characteristics of the rice stock data. The findings indicate that an additive seasonal effect is more appropriate for modeling the seasonal patterns observed in the rice stock data. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed GA-based approach is compared to other forecasting models to ascertain its efficacy. The results demonstrate promising outcomes, suggesting that the GA-based optimization approach for determining the smoothing coefficients in the Holt-Winters Method improves the accuracy of rice stock forecasting during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Contemporary tourism in many developed destinations relies on natural resources, many of which can be directly valorised as tourist attractions. Within natural resources, geoheritage (geological heritage) consists sites or areas of geological features with significant scientific, educational, cultural or aesthetic value. Despite its multiple values, the attractive geosites and their valorisation in tourism are still insufficiently covered. Methodology -- This paper, aims to present the state of the art in a form of a research overview of geoheritage valorisation in tourism by analysing the WoSCC database. The results of overviewing 171 scientific papers on keywords geoheritage and tourism are presented and interpreted in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis, maps, tabular and graphical representations. To identify the main research links and streams between geoheritage and tourism the bibliometric analysis is carried out using VOSviewer software. Findings -- The papers are classified and it is revealed an insufficient representation of research in the field of tourist valorisation of geoheritage. It is also notable the spatial inhomogeneity towards interest in geoheritage research. Contribution -- The paper brings a research agenda for covering gaps in the further scientific research of the field. The research also points out some possible streams and framework for future geoheritage research that offers new opportunities for the growth of tourism as a responsible and sustainable industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization is a trendy issue in the business development world. It has experienced how vital the need for digitalization is during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Today's world needs digital transformation both to create a systematic data flow and to compete with competitors. Although the main reason behind digital transformation is to be able to compete because it helps businesses respond more effectively to the customer needs. Software product development differs from the conventional product development, so does the management of the project. In the last century, software development became a complex problem due to the change in customer needs. Thus, it requires different project management approach than traditional project management. This paper seeks to understand large-scale software development issue in terms of project management manners by reviewing literature. The paper will highlight the studies performed starting from 1992 until 2022. In doing so, the reader will observe the change in this issue over time. The papers are categorized into 5 groups according to their research questions. These groups are (1) project management and monitoring papers that focused on the governance of a project, (2) case study papers that they do not provide universal solutions but assess a specific case, (3) problem solving papers as they try to develop an algorithm to solve a problem during management processes, (4) explanatory/taxonomy papers which explains the terms and conditions of project management concept, and finally (5) literature review papers. To the best of authors' knowledge, the literature lacks a review study which provides an overview of project management of software product development concept that contains all project management frameworks in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the workplace. It drove a mass social experiment in working from home. To mitigate the spread of the virus and protect employees, many companies shifted to remote work with video calls and instant messaging replacing in-person meetings. Several studies have shown that working from home boosted worker productivity, with the reduction in commuting time being the greatest contributing factor; thus, it will stick in the post-pandemic economy. In addition, studies have also shown that there is an increase in the number of people wanting to work remotely. However, choosing to work remotely can affect people's budgets. For instance, working from home reduces transportation costs but many remote workers have seen an increase in their energy bills. In addition, many remote workers paid for home office setup on their own. This study analyzes the overall benefit and disbenefit of working from home and performs an economic analysis of working from home for an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we all know, "grey" doesn't often mean "closed"; maybe sometimes it can mean just hard to find. If its sources are open and there are the conditions, the whole document could become an open access one. An example among all is the case of the pre-prints. When you archive a pre-print in a repository you allow the free, open and "grey" preprint become Open Access to everyone. If the immediately archived "grey" pre-print is open access it can accelerate global knowledge and research advancement. The recent COVID-19 pandemic is making us rethink the way we communicate, search, research and inform; there are some cases of publishers which immediately publish some COVID-19 related articles pre-print; other, instead, are making soon available the accepted manuscript (post-print). Let us concentrate on pre-prints, closer to "grey" literature. An immediate and open pre-print could accelerate research in some fields and could let researchers (and us) know on time if there is a deadlock or not. Some publishers are following this way. By the way, some pre-prints will never become a published article; in any case knowing those pre-prints let people know why that way is an unpassable one or if some other ways to improve research could be passable. So, "grey" sometimes could become open to improve and accelerate research, especially in this uncommon period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, the southern African region, with its diverse natural and cultural attractions, has been an uninterrupted prime destination for sustainable tourism. However, a devastating Covid-19 pandemic presented severe challenges to the global tourism industry, crippling several businesses. The effect was more pronounced especially in the global south, including southern Africa which is confronted by a multitude of challenges. Meanwhile, this crisis presented opportunities for the adoption of sustainable tourism practices in the post-Covid era. This paper provides insights into sustainable tourism practices in the post-Covid era, drawing lessons on how the southern African region survived the crisis. The paper discusses the concept of sustainable tourism and its importance in the post-Covid era. Furthermore, it explores the impact of the pandemic on the tourism industry in southern Africa and the need for sustainable tourism practices. Sustainable tourism practices that have been adopted in the region, such as community-based tourism, eco-tourism, and responsible tourism are discussed. This paper highlights the lessons that can be learned from sustainable tourism practices in southern Africa in the post-Covid era. These lessons can be applied globally to promote sustainable tourism and ensure the resilience of the tourism industry in the face of future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental indicators provide significant information in order to describe the state of a phenomenon, environment or area [1]. This paper addresses the indicators present in the air and their relationship in the accommodation and transmission of viruses, as well as how these environmental indicators can lead to health problems. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to review the scientific contributions in the literature in order to determine and select the potential environmental indicators present in indoor environments which have an impact on the health of people who work and live within these spaces. For this purpose, we carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) related to environmental monitoring, COVID-19, Internet of things, air pollution and environmental indicators within indoor spaces. This SLR allowed us to identify indicators that according to their level of presence can represent a high risk for people´s health. Therefore, the process of planning, conducting and reporting the Systematic Literature Review enabled us not only to identify some environmental indicators, but also their corresponding monitoring advantages and disadvantages, and multiple perspectives and approaches of each contribution in the literature. Further on, this study will be the basis for the proposal of an automatic and intelligent platform based on Internet of Things for monitoring indoor environments in order to detect high risk levels for the contamination of contagious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of February 2020, Covid-19 has spread in Indonesia. Since then, people's behavior started to change. The spread of the virus required people to do a physical distance and stay at home. The offline activity started to be shifted into online activities. Working from home, learning from home, and buying from home are the new lifestyle. In this situation, people depend more on a wifi connection, and it could be seen as an opportunity for the internet service provider company. In fact, providing the best service quality to customers is still a challenge faced by the internet service provider as there are still a lot of complaints from customers. Therefore, companies need to measure their service quality performance based on their customer's testimonials. One of the ways to see customers' opinions regarding the service quality is to do text mining, more specifically sentiment analysis from Twitter because people tend to give more honest testimonials in their tweets. The service quality research with text mining to do the analysis of people's sentiment related to the company's service quality is potentially utilized for this study due to its being considered more efficient than using a questionnaire. A literature exploration from previous research was conducted to identify whether using text mining and sentiment analysis to measure the service quality provided by ISP company is possible to do. Six papers were then reviewed. Result shows that using text mining and sentiment analysis to identify the service quality provided by companies is possible to do. Out of six papers that were reviewed, only two of them using ISP as the main object. Service quality literature which use text mining and sentiment analysis to define the quality of service provided in ISP industry is still rarely done by researcher. Meanwhile, public's need for internet service is growing. This should be seen as an opportunity for researcher to do more research regarding the service quality of ISP companies so they could improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important measures in manufacturing industry is Overall Equipment Effectiveness, commonly termed as OEE, it also indicates the degree to which a manufacturing process is truly productive and serves as a general and inclusive measurement of how well a company's manufacturing operations are performing. Optimization of OEE factors provides significant impact to the organization through efficient operations, cost effectiveness, gaining competitive advantage in the market and to provide sustainable supply of products. Optimization is providing sustainable solutions to the problems identified through root cause analysis through total productive maintenance or lean manufacturing methods or techniques towards the goal of zero to minimal wastage. With the applications of these methods the researcher was able to identify the critical issues and solved the issues affecting the overall equipment effectiveness of the subject company. The researcher was also able to propose a systematic roadmap to implement lean and TPM for the subject company that will ensure and sustain the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study about COVID-19 cases in India to analyze and visualize the spread of COVID-19 cases in INDIA. For the analysis, the concept Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and some well know prediction models like Prophet Model, ARIMA Light GBM, Random Forest Regressor, XGBoost Regressor have been used to get the correct analyzed result. Furthermore, it has been observed that these prediction models and tools are helpful to analyze and visualize the COVID-19 situation in India and reason to spread it in optimal ways. Here, Matplotlib library has also been used to show the proper output in the form of graphs and charts. Analysis has been done on different Age/Gender Group. The Spike of Cases in India, State-wise Insights, the reason for the spread of COVID 19 cases. So, the main objective of this paper is to do analysis to know the reasonforCOVID-19 cases in India, State-wise Insight and State-Wise Testing, Prediction. To understand the optimal result of growth factors, the concept of Prophet Model ARIMA, LightGBM, Random Forest Regressor, XGBoost Regressor have been used on the data set. In addition, the data set includes the parameters of Age Group, Spike of Cases and Testing in India. From the literature survey, it has been observed that authors have used two and three techniques to analyze the result, but they have not used the methods we stated earlier for optimal result. This paper will provide the State-wise Insight and State-Wise Testing going in India with reason for spreading of COVID-19 cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel has been widely used & accepted all over India in various sectors. The primary goal of this study is to learn more about steel production and industry growth in India, which has a significant impact on the Indian economy, accounting for around 2% of GDP. The paper briefly discusses steel demands, steel consumption & production rate, etc. The paper explores the background and history of the steel industry, as well as its development over time, such as the establishment of TISCO industries, SAIL, and other factors that contributed to India becoming the world's second-largest steel manufacturer with 111 crude steel MT production. The paper also considers the government initiative scheme & policies (National rail plan, Bharatmala scheme, Jal Jeevan, etc.) with their objective to improve the production & demands of steel. The paper provides a detailed review & vision of the National steel policy of 2017. This paper includes NSP 2017 goals & objective, which gives governments the expectation of reaching 300 MT of finished steel production in 2030-31. The paper also discusses the impact of steel on the infrastructure & construction industry, which consumes a larger portion of steel around 45-62% of total steel. This paper also provides a glimpse of the position of the Indian steel industry after the covid-19 pandemic (shows exports of steel have been grown by 22%) & sector-wise demand for steel. The problems that come along with the development of steel industries like CO2 emission (6.2% of total), waste generation & energy consumption (25% of total) have been also addressed in this paper. In this paper, an attempt has been made by the author to concisely review & explain steel industry growth over the years, the current scenario of the steel industry & its future aspiration through the various researcher reports & outcomes. In this paper, the outcome of the results has been briefly evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing interest in the concept of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), which supports a transition towards a more sustainable, resilient and human-oriented industrial paradigm. This paper focuses on the I5.0 sustainability pillar, which is crucial to optimize and support I5.0’s data-driven and circular supply chains. In order to pursue a Sustainable Supply Chain (SSC) and improve data quality management across it, it is first imperative to understand to what extent the existing SSC quality indicators are aligned with the opportunities of the digitalization era, and if they support the path to I5.0 sustainable practices. This paper aims to do a comprehensive study and analysis of relevant groups of SSC metrics and indicators. Through a broad literature review, SSC metrics and indicators are identified. Then, they are assessed to determine if they are suitable and relevant to assist decision makers in the challenges towards SSC 5.0. Results reveal that despite growing interest in the progress of data-driven SSC in recent years, there are still research gaps, mainly concerning the standardization of indicators, the simplification of models, and the use of consistent models for the treatment and conversion of proper data into relevant information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at tourism and hospitality pandemic literature and asks two research questions. The first identifies the main topics analyzed, while the second investigates future research avenues. Manual coding of 230 studies using a grounded theory approach identified 11 topics. An empirical research framework was proposed and organized around four blocks: companies, tourists, destinations, and the whole tourism system. Current literature focuses mainly on the business aspect and analyzes the strategies implemented by companies to deal with the coronavirus outbreak. Intention to travel is the main focus for the tourist block, while impact studies attracted the majority of studies at the destination level. The main tourism topic that is analyzed is post-coronavirus tourism. The conclusions of this paper identify possible research avenues for each topic (analytic research agenda) and also consider the framework as a whole (holistic value). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to show what was caused by Covid-19 at all stages of the food supply chain, whose actors are: producers, processors, distributors, retailers and consumers. Likewise, it sought to identify the main problems and the response actions of each link in the face of the new conditions of the pandemic; for this, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, which was based on the collection of knowledge regarding Covid-19 and the food supply chain. As a result of this search, 67 papers from reliable databases were collected, databases such as Scopus and Web of Science; these papers were considered because they met the stipulated inclusion criteria. The selected papers allowed to identify that the main problems in the links are due to the shortage of labor / workforce, difficulty in the supply of materials or inputs, lack of transportation to distribute food and products, fluctuation in demand and price increases. Regarding the first links, it is identified that the majority of response actions were deeply linked to technology, innovation, IoT, automation and optimization, seeking to reduce the involvement of labor; and, in the case of the consumer link, the response actions were linked to the use of virtual platforms. These responses were adapted in various ways depending on the link, since each of them acted differently to each problem; despite this, the decisions to be made should consider the repercussions they would have on the next link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the legality of subsidies for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, the mechanisms for how such measures and frameworks are applicable, and the urgencies on why this framework shall be applied. This paper consists of three main objectives. The first objective is to discuss the legality of subsidies for MSMEs according to the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement in Annex 1A WTO Agreement. The second objective discusses Indonesia's Municipal Law which provides subsidies for MSMEs and how can the WTO Member States can learn to apply this measure. And the third objective seeks to explain the urgencies of this framework which are economic recovery from the Covid-19 Pandemic, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. By applying the Utilitarianism Theory, and the Absolute Advantage Theory, the writer may understand that WTO Member States shall apply non-actionable subsidies to act according to the SCM Agreement, Furthermore, the writer may also understand that Indonesia's Law herein may acquire its status as customary international law if it is persistently applied. Lastly, subsidies for MSMEs shall be applied by each WTO Member State to recover from the pandemic's effect and in achieving SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In times when the issue of state and individual security is on everyone's lips, the need for a security culture adapted to the challenges of the security environment is increasingly felt. If going through a pandemic that left behind a world devastated primarily on a psychological and emotional level, but also physically, made us rethink our value scale and prioritize strengthening our immune system, similarly, the conflicts taking place near our borders, as well as those occurring at considerable distances which have equally disastrous consequences for a society already vulnerable and seemingly having lost all control over its direction, lead to the need to place special importance on consolidating and raising the level of security culture, especially regarding responsible institutions, but also citizens whose lives are directly affected by the lack of essential knowledge for a resilient lifestyle in the field of security. The paper aims to identify the problems that have prevented us from evolving in the field of security culture and to draw attention to the fact that avoiding taking absolutely necessary measures and the lack of constant and coherent concerns can lead to situations that could be catastrophic for our nation and which could be avoided through sustained effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watercare's Central Interceptor project in Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) involves the construction of a new pump station adjacent to Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant as well as a 14.7km tunnel and two branch sewers. The Māngere Pump Station (MPS) has two shafts: one large 50 m deep shaft to house the wet well and pump station, and an adjacent smaller inlet shaft. To assemble and launch the tunnel boring machine (TBM) for the first 7.5 km drive, an extended launch area was preferable. Rather than construct a rectangular launch and pump station shaft requiring ground anchors or strutting, a dual-cell (peanut-shaped) shaft design was developed using two adjacent circular shafts acting in hoop compression with a shared wall. Although the original design allowed for excavation of the diaphragm wall panels using a grab, the contractor elected to use a hydromill. This is understood to be the deepest application of a diaphragm wall shaft in New Zealand to date, and the first use of this dual-cell arrangement in Australasia. This paper discusses the unique design challenges encountered at the MPS shaft. These included Y-shaped panels at the intersection of the two cells; a window through the centre wall to accommodate the TBM launch and permanent connection between the inlet shaft and wet well; and allowing for load-sharing in the permanent condition between the diaphragm walls and the cast-in-situ lining. Construction of the diaphragm wall overcame anticipated and unexpected challenges as well. Construction began in late 2019 but was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. One consequence of the COVID-19 lockdown was overstrength primary panel concrete and the additional cutting effort required by the hydromill. Other construction issues discussed include reinforcing cage installation and tremie placement for the multi-bite panels; slurry desanding operations; and additional quality control and assurance measures to certify the concrete panels as a permanent structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many employees from the Millennials and Gen Z cohorts are abandoning the hotel industry after COVID-19. The dissatisfaction of hotel workers with their working conditions has accelerated the Great Resignation, a term used to refer to the higher-than-normal quit rate in an industry. Consequently, the number of unfilled jobs is high, and attraction and retention have become a strategic concern for the hotel industry. Considering that Millennials and Gen Z are entrepreneurialoriented, in this paper, we study how intrapreneurship, an approach that encourages employees to develop innovative ideas and solutions within a company, is one of the ways hotel companies attract qualified people. The study is qualitative, and data was collected through the recruitment sites of the leading hotel companies worldwide since these websites provide distinct information to potential job candidates beyond the available job descriptions. The hotel industry is highly competitive, with several brands, each with unique characteristics. However, they depend on their employees to materialise their brand's promises. To ensure personal-organisational fit, companies should give the right signals when presenting to potential candidates so that they may decide when receiving and interpreting these signals if they fit the organisation and are aligned with what that company offers and demands. Findings enhance our comprehension of the use by large hotel companies of employees' preference for behaving intrapreneurially as a strategy to attract and retain qualified staff. Results may also guide human resources practices in hotel companies and other service industries that seek to attract and retain talented professionals in an intensely competitive market. In addition, the results may serve as a basis for future studies on intrapreneurship in service companies. In an era when service companies struggle to attract and retain workers, this paper highlights how intrapreneurship may be a solution with a double benefit - staff attraction/retention and innovation. Although the study focuses on hospitality, the contribution is relevant to most services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a powerful economic growth tool, particularly in today's global environment. The host nations try their best to create an appealing and advantageous investment climate for international investors in order to attract FDI inflows. Both developing countries i.e. India, Bangladesh and even developed economy like USA have dependency on FDI. All these three Bangladesh, USA and India have made significant efforts in recent years to attract FDI, offering a variety of lucrative incentives and benefits. Due to this covid pandemic there was some reduction in the trends of FDI inflows but eventually it again resumed momentum due to policies of the government. In this research paper we have tried to do the comparison between FDI inflows between these three countries and even tried to do the prediction for next 2 years. Statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation and CAGR have been used for this research paper. This paper also included the data of FDI inflows into these three countries for 6 years, top 10 countries' share in FDI inflows of these countries and some general comparison is also being done. This paper revealed that Mauritius is the top investor in India whereas in Bangladesh its China and in USA, its Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the development of a new Innovation Strategy, to shape the health and social care innovation ecosystem in Wales. The last decade has seen significant development in the innovation infrastructure, but there is a need for better alignment, strategic leadership, and innovation adoption and funding. The innovation strategy aims to create a culture of innovation at all levels of the health and social care system, generating innovation ‘pull’ from health and care organizations working with a dynamic external innovation environment providing innovation ‘push’. This innovation ecosystem will support NHS and Social Care Wales in delivering their pandemic recovery strategies, identifying opportunities to lever additional funding and better support the adoption of innovation at scale. Improved coordination and alignment of existing initiatives, partners, and platforms will lead to greater innovation impact, value and reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance estimation between two or more objects is a crucial task in the computer vision research area. Moreover, in the era of COVID-19, it becomes an urgent issue as it can enable social distance preserved. Distance estimation could be done using stereo vision (stereoscopic photogammetry) but requires more complexity. In this paper, researchers show distance estimation is possible using only monocular vision. We propose a deep-learning based method, Mobilenet Single Shot Detector (MSSD), combined with Camera Calibration to detect objects and estimate the distance between them in the setting of monocular vision. To verify the robustness of the proposed method, we created a dataset video using a monocular camera. The experimental results showed the performance of the proposed method could estimate the distance properly using the recorded dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to share the professional development of teachers through virtual mode during COVID-19. The paper is a part of PhD research conducted by the first author, the second author is the research supervisor, and the third author is the critical friend of the first author. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was conducted in one of the rural schools of Nepal. During the time of fieldwork, the school was physically closed due to COVID-19. Even if the school was closed, the first author continued professional development sessions virtually for teachers for about one year. It was found that teachers engaged in developing several information technology-related skills which are useful for teaching. At the same time, teachers also developed projects for basic-level students, which became useful during the school closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to reflect on what the changing context brought about by the Pandemic mean and can mean for the repositioning and reinvigoration of Comparative and International Education in 2023. The paper commences with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Incheon Declaration, as the vision humanity has set for itself for 2030. The paper then maps out the gap between the reality of education globally in 2015, when the goals were set, and the vision for 2030. The intervention of the COVID-19 Pandemic increased that gap. This paper argues that at the same time the Pandemic brought with it an opportunity to redesign education in the world, benefitting from the opportunities offered by technology. The paper further argues that in effecting such a redesign of education in the world, the scholarly field of Comparative and International Education has a pivotal role to play to - to connect to the theme of this book and of the conference of which this volume is the proceedings of papers presented - to use education experiences of the Pandemic and post-Pandemic times, to learn to not only recover education to its pre-Pandemic state, but to ensure the recovery has enough momentum to move beyond the pre-Pandemic level, surging towards the goals set for 2030, i.e. building new better education systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the promotional factors of collaborative resource sharing (CRS) in the pharmaceutical industry during disruption. The pharmaceutical industry remains the backbone of the health sector as it supports activities of hospitals and care-homes in terms of drug manufacturing and production of health care facilities. Based on the significance of this industry, the need to promote faster recovery strategies such as CRS to help pharmaceutical industry recover quickly during disruption like COVID-19 is paramount. The paper adopts exploratory analysis and descriptive methodologies to delineate responses garnered from sampled professionals, practitioners and experts in the pharmaceutical industry. The paper finds that increased efficiency, risk reduction, and sharing of transient knowledge, among others are general factors that promote the application of CRS strategy in disruption. Also, the paper confirms that trust, commitment, incentives and continuous innovation are promotional factors of CRS in the pharmaceutical industry in both normal and disruptive periods. It concludes that promotional factors of collaborative resources sharing are multifaceted, and those factors that are instrumental to reducing the impact of disruption are more conventional than those factors to consider during normalcy. The paper recommends continuous innovation and creation of intermediating elements for successful implementation of CRS in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has shown that risk is not one-dimensional. The influence of Covid-19 on risks arising due to breaches by Third-party and nth party ecosystem on organizations has been quick with wide range of consequences like reputational and financial losses. Although automation has been around and being implemented for quite some time now, there is a pressing need to incorporate intelligent decision-making systems in the outdated automated processes and practices that used rule-based manual risk assessments. The improvements in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Robotic Process Automation and related technologies have given rise to intelligent process automation, which can take advantage of these underlying technologies to effectively provision end to end actions on the risks arising due to third-parties. In academic research domain this area has remained under-focused. Hence this study tries to address this gap by introducing how intelligent process automation can aid third party risk management processes and proposes a conceptual model for understanding system can be put to use. Key challenges and opportunities are also provided in this qualitative research paper based on narrative literature approach. The study provides implications to developers for designing and developing Intelligent process automation tools for assessing risks associated with third-parties, it helps academicians to explore latest developments and technologies in the automation domain and to the employees of the existing organizations as it will help gain perspective of the underlying technologies involved in IPA and TPRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world economy is transformed by a number of factors, such as globalization, privatization, government reforms, international political upheaval, hyper competition, trade and commerce activities, and market dynamics. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak influences the marketplaces, causing volatility, uncertainties, complexities, and ambiguities to a great extent. On the other hand, most of the firms were struggling for existence. On the other hand, notable corporations like Amazon make huge profits. It was digital marketing that empowered them to continue business activities. It is imperative for firms to make effective use of technology for strategic management, competitiveness, and cost-effectiveness. The current paper investigates how digital marketing can be integrated with business innovation strategies to maximize resource utilization for the long-term development of people, the planet, and profits. Digital interactive platforms and "service innovations" enabled by artificial intelligence, chatbots, and robotics have gained momentum. Along with the competitive advantages of digital marketing, its implications are also considered in the present study. Innovation is the key to success. The world is simply "a click away." The paper examines best practices to foster a culture of innovation in the workplace by offering customized and affordable products and services to customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching is an axiomatic activity for a lecturer. The teaching strategies are prepared before the teaching start. It might be a semester before, or even a year before the teaching activity. This will be challenging for EFL lecturer who teach in a vocational higher education that prepares the students with full skills to work in the field (having a real-world skill). Today, a challenge disrupting well-planned teaching strategies is the sudden Corona Virus or Covid-19 pandemic. This virus forces the world activities online to keep distance and stop the spread of the virus, including Indonesia. Luckily, the application of strategies is quite flexible, the lecturer could change it and adjust to the current changing situation [1]. Also, the lecturer usually has a backup plan or plan B to prepare for the unexpected challenges that emerge suddenly in the process of teaching and learning. Thus, this paper attempted to find interesting strategies that lecturers choose to achieve the goals of the vocational higher education, in some classes with field-skill practice goals in a vocational higher education. Specifically, this paper attempted in the English Department, Politeknik Negeri Padang, during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social media and internet has sparked an unparalleled spread of incorrect information. The world relies on information. It becomes even more apparent during times of emergency or crisis, like the pandemic of COVID-19. COVID-19 outbreak is a continuing disaster that is predicted to now have a long-term impact on almost all countries throughout the world, including mixed results, thus it seems to dominate many other incidents. Many models and innovative techniques have been introduced for the purpose to deal with the detection of fake news. This paper firstly presents a clear picture of different categories of fake news including rumours (which can be either fake or real) in a tabular form and classifies them on the basis of parameters like its genuineness and intentions. Further the paper discusses several false news detection techniques proposed to track COVID-19 related fake news and compares them on the basis of parameters like learning technique, modal approach, dataset used etc. Hence the work presented in the paper provides adequate knowledge of the need, categories; different state-of-the-art technique used and recommends some effective countermeasures to deal with misleading information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Social media is the fastest way of reducing the social barriers and helps to connect people," but this statement turned out to be true and very effective when the world witnessed the first wave of the devastating epidemic called covid-19. Information technology has always been an essential part of organizations and strongly affects human resource practices, policies, and processes. Today, Organizations are also moving towards building smart, incorporating green HRM, and adopting sustainable activities, but the scenario that has changed with the emergence of covid-19 was never. The pandemic has forced organizations to incorporate many changes for which they were unprepared as they suddenly had to take their ventures into "unknowns and unknows." Therefore, the only way that seems to be out of all this was the use of artificial intelligence. During the pandemic, government restrictions on social distancing and lockdown have limited people staying at home and working remotely. The work from the home policy has helped the organizations continue their workings and enhanced their technology- based green human resource practices by minimizing their carbon footprints by reducing power and energy consumption, transportation and fuel, paperwork, documentation, and reducing organizational waste. Therefore, our papers aim to present a need to develop an artificial intelligence-powered work-from-home culture, which will help avoid the unnecessary presence of employees in the organization and help the organizations increase their profits and corporate image by reducing their carbon footprints. Method: The study is quantitative, and the data is analyzed using linear regression in SPSS. The data of 215 employees was collected, and the results have analyzed that AI-enabled work-from-home culture has a positive effect on strengthening green HRM. Implication: The study will help create an awareness in the organizations of the need to incorporate work from the home culture in organizations to reduce their carbon footprints and lead themselves towards sustainability and growth with the help of AI. Originality: There have been various kinds of research on green HRM, but the sudden outbreak of covid-19 has resulted in work-from-home culture and increased use of AI strengthening the green HRM aspects and helping the companies in sustainable development. Therefore, our paper discusses the effect of AI-enabled work from the home culture in strengthening green HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors and a significant wealth generator in contemporary conditions. However, along with tourism growth, its negative sides emerge, such as overtourism and inadequate management of natural and cultural resources, which can lead to their devastation. That is why the concept of sustainable tourism is essential in order to preserve all the resources and attractiveness of tourism destinations for future generations. The subject of the paper is the analysis of travel and tourism sustainability in the Balkan countries. The results of the research pointed to critical dimensions of the tourism sustainability in the Balkan countries that require improvement, but also made it possible to single out countries where it is especially necessary to make efforts to ensure more sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecotourism is becoming dominant, especially after global disturbances such as the pandemic. In addition to the health segment, it must include the cognitive and educational segments, so attractions are an important element in creating eco-products in tourism. Whether they are natural or artificial attractions, they are often located in hard-to-reach areas and their function cannot be maximally valorized without basic infrastructure. The development and implementation of a system for the production of electricity from unlimited solar energy are important for the development of sustainable tourism. The paper aims to point out the importance of setting up independent electricity supply systems, including off-grid and hybrid setups, and to offer practical solutions for achieving energy self-sufficiency. Hybrid power systems (HPS) are especially important to rationalize costs. Fully autonomous power systems in inaccessible areas where access to the public network is difficult or completely disabled are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism has a significant and, for some countries, even a dominant impact on economic growth and more efficient use of natural, technical and human resources. The main goal of the research is to explore the current state of international tourism, and the basic causes of that state, as well as to indicate possible ways of increasing income based on the export of tourist services. The paper will use the descriptive method, the method of specialization and comparison, the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the methods of generalization and observation. The main conclusion is that the global Covid-19 pandemic has hit the international tourism sector the hardest, and that it is gradually returning to the pre-crisis level. The paper focuses on the EU and B&H, which has been found to have great possibilities for the growth and development of tourism, especially in the field of rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]