Standardized temporary structures as a generator of temporary urbanism development in Sarajevo.

Advantages of using temporary structures in emergencies were most emphasized during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the need for fast construction and low-cost buildings became the primary requirement. In addition to emergency use, temporary facilities can significantly contribute to the positive transformations of city districts and improve the cultural and social life of residents. However, the government in Sarajevo never proposed solutions involving temporary structures in emergencies, although there was a considerable need for their application in the last two years. With its linear organization of the city, precious historical heritage, unregulated illegal construction, and poor concept of urbanization, Sarajevo is an extraordinarily complex area for any new interventions and transformations. Therefore, applying temporary structures in such a complex urban matrix could be easily interpreted as positive or negative transformations. Unfortunately, the current use of temporary structures has been reduced to the organization of various temporary sales pavilions that most often degrade the city's image and represent negative examples of the transformation of urban zones. For this reason, one of the aims of this paper is to investigate unified, standardized temporary structures that could be used in both previously mentioned situations. These aspirations led us to the following research question: "Which kind of standardized temporary structure could positively contribute to the activation of urban zones and improve the living standards of Sarajevo citizens, but also be used in case of emergency?" The following types of temporary structures were analyzed in this paper: tent constructions, prefabricated modular containers, transport containers, prefabricated wooden buildings, and deployable bar structures. The analyses were conducted according to criteria divided into two groups. Temporary structures were compared according to the first group of criteria, and these analyses resulted in the selection of prefabricated modular containers and deployable bar structures for further analysis. This paper expands criteria established by authors who have previously researched these structures with new parameters, such as system adaptability, local stability of elements, aesthetics, impact on the urban image, system mobility, etcetera. Analyses results point to deployable bar structures as most suitable for the application as a standardized structure. Further analysis was conducted to create guidelines for location selection in Sarajevo and set up the framework for analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of temporary structure applications at these locations. An analysis led us to conclude that applying temporary structures could significantly improve temporary urbanism in Sarajevo and living standards in inactive urban areas further from the town center. Furthermore, we have concluded that temporary camps should be located closer to the town center in emergency cases due to specific infrastructure needs, and this paper assesses some of the potential locations that are not investigated before. Conducted analysis in this paper has proven advantages in using deployable temporary structures, but these structures are in different development stages, and it is essential to update analysis results with structure developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]