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The healthcare industry is currently going through a digital transformation, and the implementation of blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to overcome many of the difficulties faced by healthcare financing systems. This research paper presents a systematic review of the existing literature to recognize the issues that healthcare financing systems are currently facing and how they can be addressed through blockchain solutions. The review also identifies potential solutions and frameworks proposed for the implementation of blockchain solutions. The study has revealed that the combination of blockchain technology and machine learning has high potential in developing a smooth healthcare financing system that is secure, accessible, and has data integrity. The use of blockchain can provide a secure and transparent platform for storing and sharing healthcare data, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency of healthcare financing systems. By integrating blockchain 3.0 with healthcare 4.0 processes and technologies, a real-time and reliable blockchain-based healthcare system for financing can be developed that is highly secure, transparent, and can execute transactions on any IoT-enabled device. The study has revealed that the Ethereum blockchain network is the most suitable platform to implement a distributed ledger to address the challenges faced by healthcare financing systems. This is due to the various applications of the platform already being used within remote medical healthcare operations and other healthcare processes as found in the literature. The study's findings are expected to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the digital transformation of the healthcare sector through emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last years depict a technological reality characterized by technological advance, innovations, or emerging and disruptive technologies which shape our society more rapidly than before. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, internet of things, quantum computing, blockchain technology, or chatbots are just a few examples related to nowadays evolution of emerging technologies with a disruptive trend over time. Business processes, the day-by-day life of the citizens and the way in which many private or governmental institutions conduct and develop their activities are influenced and impacted by the rapid technological advance. In this context, the concept of Industry 4.0 with all its implications in the majority of activity fields seems to already reign absolute. The fast development of new innovations and emerging technologies contribute to the dawn of the so called - Industrial Revolution 5.0. This paper explores the impact of nowadays technological trends that could be linked over time to the evolution of the new Industry 5.0 concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces ‘The Crypto’ game, an innovative educational tool designed to enhance students' hands-on understanding of blockchain concepts and principles. Despite the potential of blockchain technology to transform various industries, teaching its complex concepts to nontechnical students remains a challenge. Developed for my teaching in business (MBA and Executive MBA) and information systems (IS) courses, 'The Crypto' game addresses this challenge. It is an active, experiential learning tool that simulates key elements of blockchain technology using a minimalist design and readily available tools such as Excel and Zoom. The paper details the game's design, rules, learning objectives, and pedagogical underpinnings and presents qualitative feedback from its implementation in my courses. The game effectively fosters a deeper understanding of blockchain principles and ‘how it actually works’. By introducing ‘The Crypto’, this paper contributes to innovative approaches for teaching emerging technologies and offers practical support for IS, business, and other educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies? Can they be used in the banking sector? Is South Africa using them? These are various questions this paper attempts to answer. This paper looks for an in-depth overview of blockchain and cryptocurrency applications over the years, their current trends and challenges, innovations, and how the technology brings value to the finance industry. The paper fills a gap in South Africa by providing more insights into blockchain applications. This paper used research tools to understand the topic better to obtain relevant literature reviews from articles, reviews, conference papers, and journals. One hundred forty-two sources were reviewed, and only 24 were retained and identified as suitable to aid the completion of this paper. These sources varied from 2018 to 2022 and included book chapters, conference papers, reviews, journals and articles. Results revealed that Blockchain is a way of managing a dataset distributed across a global network of computers with no single point of control. It creates blocks of all records kept as chains on a distributed network. Each block corresponds to coins that people hold (Cryptocurrency). As much as blockchain and cryptocurrencies are technologies that have been used in other countries, South Africa still has a long way to go to fully adopt them. Factors such as education on these technologies and infrastructure readiness are still significant challenges in the country; nevertheless, there is still hope for the country to use those technologies as humans are dynamic continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple companies may be involved in the development and delivery of data-enabled industrial services, so the flow of knowledge between companies is necessary and, yet, potentially problematic. The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of customer knowledge development for data-enabled service innovations in the context of industrial services. We investigate manufacturer's and technology supplier's approaches to customer knowledge development on service innovations using a qualitative comparative case study. Our findings reveal six categories of drivers and barriers to developing customer knowledge: development priorities, customer service experience, customer knowledge diffusion, customer knowledge creation issues, organizational issues and inter-organizational issues. Two different approaches are identified for customer knowledge development, relationshipled approach and value-led approach, depending on the actor's position in the supply chain. As managerial contribution our study suggests manufacturers to utilize technology supplier's complementary approach for customer knowledge development to improve their service innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is one of the most sensational and under rated technology in current technological and financial sector. The great wave in blockchain technology for the banking sector is still unexplored to its depth, as the need for new technology in all the areas of life is a necessity nowadays. The study was conducted to identify different services that the financial sector can provide to its customer by accepting a unified blockchain technology. The fundamental inkling of blockchain technology is, its public and the same is shared in a tamperproof ledger which allows the heterogenous community to share the sensitive data over a distributed ledger. This paper gives an idea about how this tamperproof technology can be used to increase the efficiency, transparency and to lower the risk and expenditure associated with the highly sophisticated data of an individual in relation to banking sector. The technology has great potential to overcome the disadvantages of the current central server system in banking industry, which is highly prone to hacking and cracking. The blockchain technology is current meant to be a hack proof system which is still in its initial stage of development. As the technology is still in pilot testing stage on banking sector, once the same is found feasible to with stand the current market need, this will bring an economic and technological boom to different sectors. The most exciting premises about blockchain technology is, it makes banks pointless. Though, this paper contends that the advantages of block chain technology will be used by the financial institutions in a first mover place rather becoming outdated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounting is part of the information system of a company that generates the most important information for the decision-making process. This process should be supported by new technologies to respond to all business requirements. Disruptive technologies change the way of performing business transactions and their implementation in business practice was notably accelerated by the pandemic. In this context, Blockchain technology has been articulated as the future of the accounting profession and there is a growing body of research regarding the impact of the blockchain on accounting practice and the accountancy profession. Many advantages arise from blockchain technology's distinctiveness, but also many risks that need special attention. Consequently, evolving conditions require professional accountants around the world to master new skills related to emerging information technologies. Being accustomed to information technologies is one of the basic prerequisites for the quality service that professional accountants offer to clients. Accounting education, especially at universities, has an important role in forming competent professional accountants and enabling required skills that are an essential part of professional competence. Accounting education has a challenging role in this context to incorporate and transfer knowledge regarding new technologies. This paper aims to analyse the recent research to investigate the impact of blockchain technology on accounting practice. The paper also focuses on the analyses of means of the inclusion of blockchain technology into accounting education and curriculum, by conducting a literature review of relevant sources. Research findings enable further understanding of the implications of blockchain technology in the accounting context, both for accounting practice and accounting education. Results can serve accounting educators since this topic is not sufficiently explored and needs further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an emerging technology that can provide innovative solutions for various complex real life problems. The Blockchain is essentially a ledger that effectively records as well as verifies every transaction which can easily be engineered to keep a record of practically everything with value. Blockchain is distributed that made it trust worthy as copies of the transactions are maintained at multiple nodes. All the copies cannot be modified by one intruder. This prompts to a dependable environment for money related transactions. It is among the efficient and highly transparent system that can have great value in the finance, supply chain management, real estate, healthcare, insurance, and other industries that are data-intensive. Blockchain can enhance the efficiency while collecting and storing the medical records. Evidence-based better care, quicker and more accurate diagnoses that result in better treatments at lower costs of care, avoiding needless investigations, powerful and predictive analytics to support individualized care, and improved health policy decisions based on better understanding are just a few advantages of collecting medical records. The research on the paper starts with the exploration of Blockchain technology for different industries in India. The research will further investigate the implications of Blockchain system in the health care sector and will propose the model for its effective implementation. The objective of the study was to understand the applications and benefits of Blockchain in healthcare sector especially in Indian context. The researchers and government bodies trusted the Blockchain that can act as solution to different healthcare challenges in context to Indian Healthcare system. The study will further focus on the key challenges in the implementation of Blockchain. This work also includes review of Blockchain implementation in the healthcare industry and the review of different white papers, reports and publications available in renowned electronic databases. Companies are already experimenting with Blockchain technology to improve the global supply chain's integrity, traceability, and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of blockchain technologies has created new opportunities for businesses to deliver new innovative offerings while improving their existing efficiencies to stay relevant and maintain the required competitive advantage. As such, blockchain technology has emerged as an opportunity to radically revolutionize and transform the banking and financial industry. This paper aims to bridge the existing gap in the literature by identifying empirically relevant opportunities and anticipated risks of blockchain transformation in the sector. This study collated and empirically analyzed the conceptualized model using a qualitative case study approach, culminating with specific recommendations. The findings highlight how the realization of blockchain technology value, competitive advantage, innovation and impact is required to develop successful implementation strategies. Similarly, acknowledging associated risks from scalability, Interoperability, security, and regulatory perspectives is equally vital to developing the necessary measures to guide its successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is going to address the dilemmas and challenges that researchers face when selecting blockchain to solve a problem in a particular domain. Since blockchain is an emerging technology and it is intended to solve many security issues in various domains, People have confusion when to use blockchain and when not to use it. The aim is to investigate which are the different applications where blockchain technology can be a solution and also it aims to discuss which type of applications does not need blockchain to be incorporated. The main contribution of this paper is Survey on blockchain technology analyzing when to use blockchain technology, Survey on when need not use blockchain technology, some research problems where blockchain can be implemented and a final discussion about blockchain adaption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In any democratic country, Voting is the root of democracy. It is the process that allows every single citizen to contribute to the democracy of the country. India is one of the countries with flawed democracy having a fair and free voting system in the elections. Worldwide countries, including India, are facing issues of security and transparency in the voting system. There are many opportunities due to technological advancements to make the voting system more powerful and trustworthy. Blockchain Technology is the latest advancement that offers a secure and temper-free system. This is the almost perfectly suitable option to provide privacy to voters and trust in any voting system in the current era. The main objective of this study is to find out the work done in blockchain technology in the field of electronic voting. In this paper, we have reviewed papers which are describing different systems for voting using blockchain. In the next step, we are able to find out the limitations identified from the review of the blockchain-based electronic voting system. In the final step, we can conclude about the role of blockchain technology in Electronic Voting. The review will be useful to understand the role of blockchain in improving the voting system worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new technology, blockchain is modernizing multiple diligences, and its numerous benefits have widened a slew of new exploration rules in a variety of disciplines, piqueing the enthusiasm of the exploration community. The pace of innovation elaboration of Blockchain exploration papers has highlighted the need to undertake research that focuses on a specific study of the ultramodern body of knowledge in this subject. The findings of this study provide various counterclaims that may be utilized as a roadmap by both new and experienced experimenters to establish a foundation prior to beginning a Blockchain exploration final project. Our exploration assignment is grounded on Block chain, Web3.0, Crypto currency and Smart contracts. After having shifted from Web, scientists drink the appearance of Web3.0, an terrain where meaning is introduced to information. At the same time as in the Semantic web people are no longer druggies, but a part of the arising operations, directors, subjects, and heirs of the massive data, still, opaque processing of particular information poses remarkable pitfalls and troubles for people. Smart contract is a programmable sale which could perform an advanced task, execute automatically and store on a blockchain. smart contract is the crucial factor of the blockchain, which has made blockchain a technology past the compass of the cryptocurrencies and applicable for a selection of operations which includes healthcare, IoT, force chain, digital identity, business process operation and further. Despite the fact that in recent times the progress towards perfecting blockchain technology with the point of interest on the smart contracts has been remarkable. Since the internet is becoming more readily available, a growing number of individuals and businesses are opting for digital transactions. Digital payment methods are quicker, less expensive, and far more efficient. As a result, it was no longer unexpected that new digital payment systems would be developed at a rapid pace. However, no fashion gets near to the huge that is cryptocurrency when compared. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are one of the most widely used methods of electronic payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salient features of blockchain technology, such as transparency, immutability, availability of a historical log, and programmability, have led to the emergence of numerous innovative use cases across industries, many of which are still in a development and testing stage. Feasibility of a new project is important to determining the potential success, but for a technology like blockchain many companies must extend their feasibility analysis to include an evaluation of significant cultural changes. Complete processes and ways of operating are likely to change due to increased transparency and open nature of blockchain. In this regard, academia is no exception. Blockchain has been suggested as a remedy for numerous problems of the academic submission and review process and several projects have been launched to create more effective and efficient publication systems. To evaluate cultural feasibility, this research-in-progress paper presents the concept of ResearchChain, an ideal publishing system that comprises all the features requested by academia, and systematically list as well as critically assess useful features that blockchain can potentially enable. Furthermore, we introduce cultural feasibility as an important moderator for acceptance in the academic community and briefly present our future research strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruptive innovations, as opposed to sustaining innovations, bring change to customers, markets, industries. This change is often quite sudden and drastic. Thus, the early identification of disruptive technologies can be crucial for managers and policy makers alike. In this work we propose a method to support the early identification of disruptive innovations. To do so we conceptualize a 5-phase pathway framework for disruptive innovation, then propose how to operationalize its phases using patent data. We combined the underlying theory by Christensen with different patent indicators from literature to develop an early warning system for disruptive innovations based on the underlying disruptive technologies. Additionally, we introduce the concept of patent zero and provide a first analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study connects the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) concept with SMEs' corporate governance (CG) structures. Based on a case study of Eskilstuna, we find that the regional EE only marginally influences board structures, but there is a significant relationship for immigrant firms. Grounded in the EE and CG literature, we argue that SMEs' corporate governance structures are influenced by three interconnected barriers: (1) firm characteristics, (2) the quality of the region's incubation process, and (3) the overall maturity level of the regional EE. This approach combines the top-down approach, which currently dominates the EE literature, with a sociological bottom-up approach focusing on firm characteristics and their changing need for resources in different development phases. This study contributes to further theorizing and understanding of the EE concept and provides new insights into the link between individual SMEs and the regional EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel linkages and collaborative synergy are critical components of the Circular Economy (CE). Industry 4.0 technologies, in particular Blockchain (BT), have the potential to enable and facilitate such relationships. This qualitative study goes beyond earlier isolated investigations by examining micro, meso, and macro-level actors in the CE with an emphasis on BT adoption. Analysis of interview data collected over three years suggests that BT might help tackling micro-level traceability issues through safe data sharing, benefiting simultaneously meso-level entities through better material management and cost savings. Policymakers could use BT to standardize and make data more transparent at the macro level, increasing trust and public engagement. This study offers insights on how players may need to adjust and collaborate across domains for a more transparent and decentralized adoption of CE by drawing on the findings at each level. Suggestions for future research directions are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is a service that provides healthcare services to patients with blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is an emerging technology that enables for the communication between patients and medical experts to take place over the internet. It enables the healthcare unit to exploit trustworthy data rapidly and easily, either simultaneously or simultaneously with other tasks. In this paper, we have developed a strategy that makes use of the possibilities provided by blockchain technology to ensure the privacy and security of patient data. The proposed strategy uses a blockchain that is available to all nodes, and it can determine whether a certain node can be trusted. It is possible for a patient to be open to the notion of switching their primary care physician and commencing therapy with another user. This is done by collecting the data from a wide variety of IoT devices, and this information may then be transmitted over fog and edge computing gateways. This information may be used by the gateway, which is the component that establishes a connection to the cloud computing service. We have constructed a test bed to evaluate the process of smart contract sharing between two peer nodes. It has been proposed that each of these nodes should have their very own specialised test beds to make the most out of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdwork is a novel form of digitally mediated work arrangement that is managed and organized through online labor platforms. This paper focuses on the governance of platforms that facilitate creative work--that is, complex work tasks that require high-level skill and creative workers. Crowdwork platform governance faces numerous challenges as a result of technology mediation, scalable and distributed workers, and temporary work arrangements. Creative crowdwork platforms, such as Topcoder, typically require additional governance structures to manage complex tasks. However, we know relatively little about creative crowdwork platform governance, as most existing studies focus on routine work platforms, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk. Accordingly, this paper explores how incumbent and insurgent creative crowdwork platforms are governed under centralized and decentralized modes. We conducted a comparative case study based on the analysis of two different cases: Topcoder, a successful commercial platform with a largely centralized governance structure, and CanYa, an emerging innovative platform based on blockchain technology with more decentralized governance. We identified and classified different governance elements related to work control and work coordination. In addition, we explored the characteristics of creative crowdwork platform governance with different degrees of centralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge technology that enables virtual and physical objects to connect and communicate, resulting in new digitized services that enhance our quality of life. Despite its many advantages, the current centralized architecture of IoT poses various challenges such as single point of failure, security concerns, privacy issues, lack of transparency, and data integrity problems. These obstacles hinder the future progress of IoT applications. Moving the IoT to one of the decentralized technologies is the right solution to these issues. Blockchain is considered as the most common and popular decentralized technology. It is a new technology that operates with a decentralized, distributed, public, and real-time ledger to store transactions between IoT nodes. The main focus of this paper is on utilizing Blockchain technology for the IoT, specifically showcasing how different features of Blockchain can be utilized as a service in various IoT applications. The increasing penetration of Blockchain and IoT in various companies and industries primarily enables secure storage of large amounts of sensitive data, which can grow at a tremendous pace for the global IoT Blockchain market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current paper is to examine the impact of blockchain technology adoption on an organization’s business process innovation. Blockchain technology has been widely acknowledged for its usefulness in securing business transactions and benefits from decentralization and transparency. While blockchain implementation has notable advantages in a business process, such outcomes also rely on the nature of the business. Our research employed two theoretical concepts to measure blockchain adoption and its impact on an organization’s business process innovation: technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) framework and task-technology fit. We specified hypotheses and tested them using survey responses. A total of 419 responses were collected and we analyzed them using partial least squares (PLS). Detailed results and discussions are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology was first released in 2009, the mechanism of Bitcoin a digital cryptocurrency as an open-source system. Blockchain was only used as a foundation of cryptocurrency initially, but today, we can see the rise of this new emerging technology being implemented in many industries. In the future, most technologies around the world are expected to use blockchain as an efficient way to make online transactions. It is allowing financial data transactions among distributed parties without any third party. This technology is increasing the attention of consumers, investors, investment industry and regulators. In the future, Cryptocurrency, which uses the blockchain technology, has a high potential to use for transactions or investments. This paper aims to provide a theoretical discussion of blockchain technology acceptance in Banking Industry using the variable model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), identify the factors affecting the acceptance of blockchain in the Banking Industry and presents a conceptual framework for blockchain technology acceptance in Banking Industry. The findings of the study would be useful for the banking industry as well as decision-makers in expanding a better future for Blockchain Technology Acceptance in Banking Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has been claimed to have the potential to disrupt a large number of industries. Despite all the hype around it, blockchain remains at a nascent state. In the early stage of the development of an IT innovation, its success is to a degree contingent on building legitimacy around it. This seems to be particularly relevant in the context of blockchain due to the questionable reputation that its most famous application, the bitcoin, has gained over time. This paper explores the usage of social media by four key actors in the blockchain ecosystem --media, IT, financial services and consulting firms -- over a calendar year and through the lens of 'organizing visions' to identify how these organizations are trying to legitimize blockchain. Our results show that these actors employ three primary legitimation micro-level strategies through two types of legitimation mechanisms -- advertising affiliations with influential field level actors (pragmatic legitimacy), describing positive market responses to blockchain and emphasizing its ongoing development (cognitive legitimacy), and describing characteristics of blockchain that are in alignment with current technological best practices (cognitive legitimacy). This paper extends the current literature on IT innovation adoption and legitimation, and contributes to the nascent literature on blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popularity of blockchain technology has increased over the last decade. This is due to growing interest in faster, more transparent, and decentralised transfer of information. Although organisations from a wide range of industries and different areas of operations are using blockchain technology it requires a unique set of skills to implement such technology in any institutional setting. The key objective of this study is the development of a forecasting model for the supply and demand of blockchain skills in order to examine the impact of this emerging technology on the labour force across Europe over the next five years. We have collected a sufficient volume of blockchain labour market data to perform the time series analysis and forecast the evolution of blockchain skill demand and supply. In order to forecast blockchain skills demand, we map over 6,500 blockchain related job adverts in 2021 to ISCO categories that are most likely to contain blockchain employment. We build on CEDEFOP's employment and occupational forecasts across Europe and incorporate EU-LFS occupational data to estimate changes in blockchain related occupations from 2021 to 2026. In order to forecast blockchain skills supply, we utilise information on the number of graduates from blockchain related and blockchain specific courses across Europe. The data for skills supply comes from national educational authorities and Eurostat. We apply linear trends to graduate data from 2015 to 2019 to forecast blockchain skills supply from 2020 to 2026. We find that on average approximately 85% of blockchain related jobs in Europe are represented by the following five ISCO categories: software developers, database and network professionals, ICT Service managers, business services administration managers, and legal professionals. The remaining 15% of blockchain related are in 'Other' ISCO categories. Our forecasting results indicate that approximately 25,000 new blockchain jobs in Europe will be created from 2021 to 2026 of which 12,000 are estimated to be entry level or graduate jobs. We also find that approximately 14,000 new blockchain graduates in Europe will be available from 2020 to 2026. The results suggest that the number of blockchain graduates when compared to the demand for blockchain work at the graduate level in total across Europe are roughly in line. However, the findings vary distinctively at a country level, and it is likely that more specific training courses, focusing on key skill development areas that are relevant for blockchain labour demand are still required over the coming years. This paper is the first to map blockchain related jobs to occupational categories in Europe, providing evidence on the occupations that blockchain workers are most likely to be employed in. Our findings from the blockchain skills forecasts also estimate the supply of blockchain workers over time to satisfy the demands by the sector. This paper provides detailed information, at a country level for Europe, to assist in the anticipation of future blockchain skill demand and supply, in order to act as an early warning information mechanism to mitigate possible labour market imbalances, and support education, training and labour market actors in making evidence-based decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between knowledge management and innovation has been one of the most explored topics in management studies for many years. In contemporary organizations these two topics became associated with digital technologies. The introduction of computers and related digital technologies has been changing the way knowledge is managed in organizations, but digital innovation itself was imposing new requirements on what knowledge organization must possess to innovate and stay modern. Blockchain have recently emerged as paradigm-breaking technology, thus potentially requiring novel skills and knowledge from the adopting or innovating company. The main purpose of this research is to conduct exploratory literature review in the field of economics, finance and management to in order to map the frequencies of topics related to blockchain application in organizations. Obtained findings provide an overview of what aspects and kinds of the nascent technology is being researched. The findings can help an innovating company better understand the current trends with respect to the development and adoption of the novel technology. This research also establishes a foundation for further analysis of skillsets and organizational knowledge required for blockchain-related innovations in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase "Fintech" (Financial Technology) refers to software and other cutting-edge technology utilized by companies that offer automated and enhanced financial services. It is a term used to describe a new technology designed to enhance and automate the provision of financial services. With 6,636 FinTech businesses, India has the highest rate of FinTech adoption internationally and is one of the fastest-growing Fintech industries. India has made significant progress in the area of digital payments, recording over 5.7 BN transactions each month in September of this year, amounting to about $2 TN (Total Digital Payments). India will surpass the combined total of the US, UK, and China in terms of real-time online transaction volume in 2020 with 25.5 Bn real-time payments transactions. This survey paper elaborates on different aspects of the Fintech sector in India, and various issues faced by many prominent fintech companies like unbanked population, regulation, technology integration, user experience, etc. It also describes technologies that underpin fintech business models, including blockchain technology, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), Cloud computing, the Internet of Things, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New emerging digital technologies are evolving at an unprecedented pace. These advancements create increasing expectations for public sector organizations. However, we do not yet know much about the processes of these organizations when approaching emerging technologies. Such early innovation processes are critical to reaping the benefits of emerging technologies. We conducted a case study of a Nordic government agency to explore how a potentially paradigm-changing idea involving blockchain, evolves through an innovation process. We investigated the characteristics of early innovation search processes as a public sector organization approaches emerging technologies. Our contribution shows 1) how the search focus shifts over time - focus can be more about the solution, the need or the need-solution pair, and 2) how the conceptualization of technology plays an important role in the process. The findings increase our understanding of innovation processes in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is clear from the expanding literature that blockchain technology is a trend potentially on the brink of revolutionizing the public and private sectors. There have been conferences, books, white papers, start‐ups, and numerous back‐channel discussions on ways blockchain technology can address seemingly endless processes, and it is on the radar of many information professionals. Blockchain technology has the potential for organizations to accomplish much more than cryptocurrency, payments or housing electronic credentials. Currently, organizations are experimenting with its use in a variety of settings from land transaction recording, medical recordkeeping, supply chain management, regulatory compliance, identity management and beyond. The technology enables a broader impact within the information community and around the globe. Some suggestions being mooted for blockchain applications in information centers include building an enhanced metadata center, protecting Digital First Sale rights, supporting community‐based collections, and facilitating partnerships across organizations. With its potential to transform social, political and economic interactions, and the way that information is managed, there is more to explore about how blockchain can be applied to manage information and what the ethical implications may be. The panelists will provide an update on the current and future uses of blockchain from their own ongoing research: they will present the recommendations developed from the IMLS‐funded project to investigate the possible uses of blockchain, research outcomes from the University of British Columbia's Records in the Chain Project, and the outcomes of a recently completed project (Project Novum) that focused on the organizational and structural issues in visual arts and financial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is emerging as a major issue in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Gartner announced blockchain technology as a promising future technology along with artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence and blockchain are major technologies that speed up innovation and bring about radical changes in all industries. Combining these two technologies presents the possibility of redesigning the paradigm for all industrial technologies from scratch. Future artificial intelligence technologies will learn and regulate themselves to build their own systems. In this paper, we intend to protect personal information in data by efficiently reflecting smart contracts using AI technology that predicts charging potential and block chain technology that guarantees the integrity of learning data in the recent active R&D of electric vehicle system. I want to design an electric vehicle charging system. In addition, the process of selecting a charging station by dividing the charging system for system implementation into before, during, and after charging is exemplified, and the contents necessary for actual implementation for each component are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology will increasingly gain attention from both academics as well as practitioners and has the potential to disrupt traditional work methods in most industries. At least, that is what innovators and early adopters have promised. Published papers in the current body of knowledge are almost solely aimed towards technical aspects of blockchain technology. As far as the researchers are aware, no research has been conducted to identify factors affecting blockchain technology diffusion. Through grounded theorybased data collection and analysis, the factors affecting blockchain technology diffusion are identified in this research. Based on 18 semi-structured expert interviews, 13 factors affecting blockchain technology diffusion have been identified. The identified factors could be used as guidelines in the future when implementing or considering the implementation of blockchain technology. Future research should continue to focus on identifying additional factors. Additionally, the factors should be validated more thoroughly in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changings in the world economic system are characterized by the growing decentralization of regulative mechanisms. The technical decentralization of streaming big data treatment is fulfilled with the fog and edge computing, the social regulation is transformed with the transactions through blockchain and sharing economy. The cryptocurrencies and smart contracts are the examples of the distributed regulation among participants, built on the basis of blockchain technologies and within the space of individuals' deals. The public regulation is transforming from the State apparatus toward technical equipment and software including decentralized systems in the contrast to the previously developed heavy sluggish systems, which are constantly showing institutional traps and errors, causing the data loss and having a low level of usability. In this paper, we interpret the networking as the process of the inclusion of every concerned actor into local or global group with close communicative ties taking part in a socioeconomic activity. The networks are perceived as, both, social communities and technical communications. In Russia, Masterchain project is an example of the attempt to introduce the technical instrument of the confident relationship in the banking sector and private property deals, especially, in real-estate sector, which met the social and institutional resistance. The research purpose is to find the essential features of the networking as a process of fostering the new social organization, on the basis of individual choices instead of a centralized officially approved system, through the digital democracy and smart economic environment including the new level of the security attained, cybersecurity and personal safety, as the outcome. The conceptual research reflects the analysis of the evolution of regulative mechanisms of society organization due to the implementation of technical regulative approaches, devices and software. The study of the spread of fog computing and blockchain use is carried out with the survey of students and of enterprises' managers. The analysis of the obstacles that interfere into the process of the fog computing and blockchain implementation is based on the examining the Masterchain project and its late and difficult introduction since 2016, and the revealed ignorance of the fog computing use. The research outcome is the understanding of new ethical and economic regulative mechanisms to be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the 2020 Social Progress Index, estimates imply that the world will not reach the SDGs until 2092, 62 years behind the 2030 schedule, due to, among other reasons, the Covid-19 pandemic. The transition to new social models, based on the circular economy, energy efficiency and resilience to climate change, in parallel with deep and global transformations, accelerated with the current pandemic. Therefore, innovation has become essential as well as the need to assess and manage its social Impacts. This study focuses on the problem that organizations face when considering sustainability issues, analyzing the pathway to Innovate, Evaluate and Report the Impact. For that purpose, it resorts to materiality assessment as a pillar to create value thanks to disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain. The research proposes a Sustainability Management Strategic Maturity-Model to assess progress from a compliance approach to a stage that leverages sustainability for the creation of long-term value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management has become a real challenge due to ever accelerating technological innovations and organizations must not only aim to optimize supply chain processes, but also to build trust in all links of the supply network due to increased competition and supply chain expansion. Organizations need to implement an appropriate system that will improve efficiency and customer service, meet business objectives, and increase profitability. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how blockchain technology can improve traceability and supply chain efficiency by impacting business productivity. The conceptual framework of this research work is developed through a systematic literature review on the impact of the application of blockchain technology in supply chains. The Prisma methodology was used, obtaining 78 articles as references. The results show that blockchain technology has the potential to improve traceability and efficiency throughout the supply chain through cost reduction and decentralization of information. Finally, it was concluded that this leads to improved productivity of companies and a higher level of reliability with their stakeholders. This article adds to the literature on blockchain in the supply chain by focusing the research on the impact on traceability and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Blockchain", "distributed ledger" and "smart contract" are terms that were anonymous only a decade ago, but today they are increasingly aggressive present in our daily lives. The financial industry is one of the areas in which the implementation of blockchain technology is reasonably expected to lead to dramatic changes. The time of the initial euphoria is gone, giving way to realism and "sobering" of the illusions about the possibilities and limitations to the feasibility of the new technology. The main research goal of the present study is systematization and testing using selected criteria, to arrive at a differentiated assessment of the degree of applicability of blockchain in different segments of the financial services industry. The methodological tools used are based on literature review and secondary data, through which the expected positioning of blockchain in the financial industry in line with the Gartner Hype Cycle of Emerging Technologies is explored. Based on the analysis of the specificities of the selected segments of the financial industry and the comparative analysis of the benefits and limitations in the development and application of the technology, the criteria for assessing the degree of applicability and the expected impact of blockchain technology on the analyzed segments are systematized. The results of the study testify to the uneven level of impact and penetration of blockchain in various spheres of the financial industry. The main challenges and barriers to the application of the technology and the possible solutions for overcoming them are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology or distributed ledger technology, widely proclaimed to be the technical innovation of the 21st century has evolved into a global phenomenon. Introduced by the infamous cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, the technology has matured and promulgated its potential of radically disrupting diverse established businesses across industries. The technology eliminates the need of intermediaries by enabling a network of trustworthy participants where transaction information is broadcasted for verification and validation. Subsequently, network wide consensus is attained to permanently record the verified transactions in a transparent publically available distributed digital ledger or log. In doing so, it enables transactions between untrustworthy entities over a network and transfer of underlying digital assets of any kind. Blockchain technology promotes trust in a network on the foundations of transparency, irreversibility of transactions, distribution and decentralization. It advocates algorithmic trust or technology trust implemented on the principles of cryptography and hash functions. Businesses of varying capacities across industries, giant corporations, even governing and political bodies of countries are vying to jump on the blockchain bandwagon. Diverse entities are proposing applications based on blockchain principles almost on a day to day basis. In the process, they are attracting publicity and a plethora of economic support from numerous financial agencies. There has been a proliferation of startups promoting themselves as blockchain patrons along with the inception of a novel channel of acquiring capital dubbed as "Initial Coin Offerings" (ICO's). Empirical evidences and preliminary research have advocated that a majority of such enterprises are not legitimate. But billions of dollars of capital are being poured into such ventures globally. In this study, we plan to scrutinize the legitimacy of such blockchain applications conceptually. Decentralization and distribution are two pillars of the technology and both are imperative to fulfill the promise of disintermediation advocated by blockchain. The difference between the two is subtle but not to be ignored. Decentralization implies every participating entity in a network makes its own decisions independent of the others, based solely on the information it received. Distribution on the other hand, suggests processing is shared across the network entities, but the decision making may still be centralized and based on the knowledge of the network. Decentralization and distribution are equally significant in achieving the promises of blockchain technology. But our preliminary investigation of some of the blockchain campaigns presents a different story. Majority of them achieve only pseudo disintermediation by distributing the decision making and processing of transactions to a group of entities which may be representatives of the central institutions. They appear to be riding the wave of the blockchain hype to reap in economic benefits. Thus, we propose that it is crucial to evaluate this duality of distribution and decentralization in the blockchain campaigns to identify the justifiable applications of the technology. We plan to study the white papers of blockchain applications, ICO's and support it with archival data like transcripts of press releases. Such an identification is essential to educate the financing agencies of legitimate blockchain use cases and in the process to make sure that the radical disruption promised by the technology is not lost in the burden of wicked or invalid instantiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a brand-new technology invented to evade the global financial industry from smashing again. Unfortunately, only a small portion of people realise this new technology and the way to incorporate it into their work, leaving a significant gap in utilising the benefits of such technologies. In response to the gap, we have designed a simulation game related to Blockchain, which targets to enlighten and encourage entrepreneurs and students to utilise Blockchain. The simulation was evaluated by a group of participants using prior-questionnaire and post-questionnaire. The results indicated that the simulations could help to promote the understanding of the Blockchain concepts, and thus may facilities its broader applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, technological advancements have resulted in dramatic change in the health sector. The Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Block chain, lab-on-a-chip, non-invasive and percutaneous operations, and other innovations have made treating a variety of ailments much easier. Both research and the healthcare business have benefited greatly from these emerging innovations. Miniaturized healthcare sensors driven by IoT can be used for clinical tests and self-health tracking. They assist professionals in remote regions who weren't in direct communication with clients with immediate diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Controlling access mechanisms and uneven security policies were a hurdle in meeting the security standards of these data. A blockchain-based intelligent contract and an enterprise-distributed record architecture can be used to track the patient's condition. This permits patients' medical information, and an irreversible and lengthy history log, to be retrieved worldwide at whatever time. The suggested system gives greater monitoring, increased connectivity, and higher data security if compared to standard patient monitoring devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proof-of-Stake blockchains based on a longest-chain consensus protocol are an attractive energy-friendly alternative to the Proof-of-Work paradigm. However, formal barriers to "getting the incentives right" were recently discovered, driven by the desire to use the blockchain itself as a source of pseudorandomness [4]. We consider instead a longest-chain Proof-of-Stake protocol with perfect, trusted, external randomness (e.g. a randomness beacon). We produce two main results. First, we show that a strategic miner can strictly outperform an honest miner with just 32.8% of the total stake. Note that a miner of this size cannot outperform an honest miner in the Proof-of-Work model [21]. This establishes that even with access to a perfect randomness beacon, incentives in Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake longest-chain protocols are fundamentally different. Second, we prove that a strategic miner cannot outperform an honest miner with 30.8% of the total stake. This means that, while not quite as secure as the Proof-of-Work regime, desirable incentive properties of Proof-of-Work longest-chain protocols can be approximately recovered via Proof-of-Stake with a perfect randomness beacon. The space of possible strategies in a Proof-of-Stake mining game is significantly richer than in a Proofof-Work game. Our main technical contribution is a characterization of potentially optimal strategies for a strategic miner, and in particular a proof that the corresponding infinite-state MDP admits an optimal strategy that is positive recurrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blockchain technology is one of the most prominent innovations in recent years. Besides its use as a cryptocurrencies wide-ranging use cases are announced and its potential to disrupt various industries is recognized. Due to its technological characteristics, it may challenge existing platforms by disintermediation. These platforms, like Amazon, usually have a provider and owner. In contrast, blockchain-based platforms may have no intermediary, but they must also have mechanisms for governance. Because there may not be an intermediary anymore, these mechanisms might differ from the mechanisms of traditional platforms. The aim of this study is to identify governance mechanisms, which were used by platforms using blockchain-technology. For this purpose, we develop a taxonomy using existing research on platform governance and a startup database. Then, we analyze the identified governance mechanisms using a cluster analysis to detect archetypes. As results, a taxonomy of governance mechanisms is developed and five archetypes of governance for blockchain-based platforms were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology, the underpinning of Bitcoin, has been widely acknowledged as the technical innovation of the 21st century. But even after a decade since its inception, Bitcoin is still the only widely known and somewhat mainstream application of the technology. In this study, we conduct an inductive content analysis of archival data to identify 16 barriers inhibiting the mainstream adoption of the blockchain technology. The barriers to the adoption of a technology are not simply the opposites of the enablers. Thus, we advocate that an understanding of the barriers will aid in the recognition of the limitations of the current state of blockchain technology. The barriers identified can guide future work by academics and practitioners and help attain technical maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is a very recent and fast evolving phenomenon with the potential to disrupt various industries. Organizations are thus increasingly looking at blockchain technology and are forming multifunctional teams to evaluate the technology and its impact on their businesses. Researchers and practitioners, however, still lack a technology-driven, systematic approach to understand the potential of blockchain and to develop convincing use cases. We addressed this research gap by applying an action design research approach and situational method engineering to propose a method for the development of blockchain use cases. Following this approach, we iteratively evaluated and further developed the proposed method through application and testing in four distinct industries. We thus derive constructive knowledge at the cutting edge of digital transformation, innovation management, and utilization of emerging technologies. In addition, our research supports practitioners in systematically developing blockchain use cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is already being talked about as one of the megatrends for the next years. Researchers and organisations are starting to understand the potential benefits of this technology and are exploring how it can disrupt the world we live in with a diverse range of applications. But the truth is the ability to move blockchain from concept to adoption and production has been minimal yet. When it comes to auditing, blockchain solutions could have important benefits by reducing the workload of the auditors, helping in minimising fraud and optimising the existing processes but is also vital to have in mind other emerging technologies. Factom, Libra, and Verady are some examples of companies developing blockchain solutions that can be applied in the auditing environment, but much of the necessary development is still yet to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is an emerging technology which is known to enhance the security and interoperability of any system while it needs more powerful infrastructure and cost of maintenance inside the organization. In this project, we are trying to apply AHP method of decision-making to analyze whether decentralization of the IT system inside an organization is a good decision or staying with the centralized system is better. Based on the uncertain consequence of the adoption of the blockchain technology in the competitive market, businesses should have a robust decision framework. The framework will clarify the utility, which is gained from complete adoption, partial adoption, or withdraws the adoption of blockchain technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-counterfeiting technologies have evolved over the past few years to combat and prevent counterfeiting incidents in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. It is worth noting that numerous studies have used different technologies to combat food and drug counterfeiting. The current systematic review evaluated these technologies' use, effectiveness, and how they could be used to eliminate food and drug counterfeiting. Several online databases were searched and retrieved for articles related to anti-counterfeiting technology for drugs and food and published literature from (2010 to 2022). A thorough examination of the selected publications was done to extract useful information, including study design, the application of those technologies to combat counterfeiting of drugs and food, how those technologies are implemented, their effectiveness in fighting counterfeiting, evaluation outcomes, the country of study, the name of the author(s), as well as the publication year. In the study, 29 publications were selected and evaluated, with 22 (75.86%) dealing with anti-counterfeiting technologies related to drugs, 4 (13.79%) pertaining to anti-counterfeiting technologies related to food, while three (10.34%) dealt with both anti-counterfeiting technologies related to drugs and food. Blockchain technologies have mainly been used in the fight against counterfeiting, with the majority in China 8 (27.58%), and the highest number of reported studies was reported in 2021 (n=6; 20.68%), followed by 2016 and 2012 (n=5; 17.24%). Several technologies have been used to detect food and drug counterfeiting in single studies, including serialization, SMS verification, RFID, and GSM. The conclusion has been reached that technological interventions have proven highly effective at combating drugs and food counterfeiting to a large degree. However, technological interventions against the counterfeiting of food were considerably lower than those against the counterfeiting of drugs. Thus, it is necessary to perform studies on highly effective technologies in order to uncover ways of preventing counterfeit foods, such as blockchain, QR codes, mobile authentication services, internet of things (IoT), laser, web-based, and 3D technologies. To help combat anti-counterfeiting through technologies, awareness, and knowledge about anti-counterfeiting technologies should be spread amongst the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]