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This paper analyzes the advertising campaign Sócio Olímpico-Cadeiras Cativas, created by Osvaldo Moles for the São Paulo Futebol Clube. Ran from 1955 to 1959, the campaign sought to raise funds for the construction of Morumbi Stadium, through the sale of club memberships. The newspapers' advertisements showed an intense promotion of the Sócio Olímpico title as a factor of social distinction. Nonetheless, numerous elements have revealed that, on the contrary, the Campaign had a clear massified dimension, supported also by widely accessible purchasing conditions. The paper thus aims to expand the investigation of the publicity and commercializing and comprehend the coexistence of the massive and differentiate within the same propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the history of neoshamanism in Brazil through bibliographical and documentary research, participation in rituals, personal interviews and questionnaires. First, we investigated the emergence of the concept of shamanism in the West and its consequent fusion with ideas of nature in the 19th century. We analyze the development of contemporary shamanism under indigenous leadership and its openings and mergers with the modern world, as well as, conversely, the creation of the movement under the leadership of academics and their searches for tradition. In the second part, we investigate how this movement happened in Brazil, and we try to create a short history of the movement in the country, through the stories of four important figures of this religious movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article seeks to perform a critical evaluation of the reception of the book 'Brazil under Vargas', published in 1942 by Karl Loewenstein, in order to assess how the author interpreted the criticism that he received in specialized journals, positive or negative, about his work. Loewenstein's perception of this critical fortune will be reconstructed from the active and passive correspondence preserved in the special collection The Karl Loewenstein Papers, at Amherst College. The final objective is to perform a critical evaluation of the nuances of the work's reception, demonstrating how the author reacted to certain conceptual arguments, especially regarding Loewenstein's definition of Vargas' Estado Novo as an authoritarian and, therefore, non-totalitarian political system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the deposition of ceramics in funerary contexts of Iron Age Britain. The study focuses on the Yorkshire region during the 4th-2nd centuries BC, drawing on data obtained from a total of one hundred and twenty-three burials. The paper begins with a discussion of the contexts of the ceramic finds, including an exploration of the artefacts' previous uses in relation to commensality rites. It next addresses the use of mnemonic strategies during burials, with a particular focus on the intentional breaking of vases. Thirdly, the discussion delves into the profiles of the people buried with ceramics, with particular regard to sex and age. In this vein, it seeks to indicate the existence of certain patterns of distribution -- particularly among adult females -- which vary significantly according to the age of death among both sexes. The paper ultimately concludes that the deposition of ceramics in burials indicates a reality of relative fluidity among genders in the funerary sphere. Alongside the central analysis, the discussion also provides a critical assessment of the historiographical debate on the aesthetics of British Iron Age pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper contains a translation of Steven Shapin's article entitled Is There a Crisis of Truth? published in the Los Angeles Review of Books in December 2019. The translation was made in contact with the author and with the editor of the aforementioned journal, Michele Pridmore-Brown. Shapin kindly provided us with an appendix about the article, presenting a brief update on the theme, almost two years after its publication. Seeking the best way to present an article that deals with current issues, we bring a brief biography of the author, as well as a reflective effort on how the "Truth Crisis" and denialism have been conveyed and debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims the action of the governor Mauro Borges Teixeira (1961-1964) in the squatter decommissoning movement, in the begginning of 1960's, when the staged a single-minded resistance against the land expropriation by land grabbers, farmers na profitters, that aspired to soak up the land market emmerd by the construction of Brasilia. In order couted whith a support program created by the USA after the Second World War, aimed to prevent spreading communist over Latin America, The Point Four Program. The punishmen to the land grabbers took place in the moment that came up the first reports of a help and agreement between the Governor of Goiás and USA Goverment through that program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper engages with current societal identity debates related to select postcolonial southern African circles, whose European origins can partially be traced back to the creation of the colonial photography genre. The contemporary visualisation of non-white Africans in the European landscape is linked to a genre that was born in the times of High Imperialism. As a child of its time, colonial photography laid the foundation for both racist and racial depiction patterns of certain African peoples and what their supposed traits and looks were from the coloniser's point of view, thereby creating seeing patterns. Until today, social debates and political movements are linked to the visualisation of non-white peoples. This project is about the historical muting of sub-Saharan Africa through stereotypical images and its links to the shaping and maintenance of postcolonial identity debates concerning racialised visualisation traditions in Europe. This repetitive visual blinding is another form of colonial aggression by constantly perpetuating certain image(rie)s and thereby facilitating colonial mentalities. Examples presented below show how far-reaching the colonial photographic stereotypes are by not limiting the scope of seeing traditions to photographs. Instead, other areas of visible everyday spaces like street names, monuments, statues, lawsuits or book covers are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main argument consists in the acceptance of a non-anthropocentric Amerindian cosmological imperative that forest can be understood by the Human Sciences as an active historical subject, producer of knowledge, meanings and communications, even if it is not symbolic or humanly linguistic. For this purpose, we are going to realize a theoretical and anthropological discussion of ethnographic writings in the sense of supporting the possibility of understanding as epistemologically valid the existence of a semiotic, which grounds the recognition and intercommunication between animals-humans, animals non-humans and other kingdoms in forest cohabitation, understanding forest itself as a subjectively constituted and self-determined entity. To achieve that understanding we are going to divide our writing into two parts. First, we are going to study the anthropology of Eduardo Kohn about a semiotics of forests, which confers them an active subject status, as producers of knowledge and languages. In the second part of our paper, we are going to address the concept of terricídio, as thought by the leaders of the Movimiento de Mujeres Indígenas por el Buen Vivir nation in the claim for legal recognition of the murder of forests as a heinous crime. Such process is established precisely by recognizing the sacred, individual, communicational, cognitive and thinking character of forests and their complex interrelational network of coexisting inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to comprehend the social and legal movements that circulated in Brazil in the 20s of the 19th century and to describe how the concepts of constitution, Independence, monarchy, republic and law circulated in that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the transatlantic slave trade in the political history of Pernambuco between 1817 and the 1840s, through the trajectory of two major slave traders, father and son, who operated from Recife and their plantation, one of the largest in the province. Both of them always sided with the crown and the conservative party in provincial politics. The father, a Portuguese citizen, was arrested by the Republican government in 1817. The son was not white, nevertheless, he held a prominent role among Recife merchants and married the daughter of another important slave dealer, perhaps forming the wealthiest couple in Pernambuco. In the Atlantic slave trade scale, Pernambuco ranks fourth among the African slave trade destinations between the 16th and 19th centuries. The study of these trajectories helps us to understand the political role of major slave traders and their networks in the context of Brazilian Independence and the transition to legal businesses after the slave trade became illegal, in 1831. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2019 Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro got public attention after giving controversial statements about the cause of death of a member of the revolutionary organization Ação Popular Marxista-Leninista, Fernando Augusto de Santa Cruz Oliveira, who was declared a missing person since 1974. Although the State had already taken responsibility for his death using transitional justice means, president Bolsonaro ignored that fact and blamed the political organization he belonged to, without showing any evidence. President Bolsonaro pleaded that Fernando Augusto de Santa Cruz Oliveira was killed by one of the organization members, because of loss of trust. Besides the fact that the president took the responsibility out of the State, he assigned the victim as a dishonored person. Assuming the facts that support Fernando de Santa Cruz was captured and executed by the repressive regime that was in place in Brazil, the goal of this paper is to analyze the dead and missing people cases related to members and leaders from the Marxist-Leninist Ação Popular. The intention is to review the events in the history of APML concomitant to its strategy of resistance and combat against the dictatorship. Also, the purpose of the paper is to analyze how the cases of dead and missing people were conducted by the transitional justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper talks about the initial phase in the political career of Cândida Ivete Vargas Tatsch (1927-1984). The studied period starts with the arrival of her grandfather, Viriato Vargas, to Rio de Janeiro in 1940 and ends upon her candidacy as representative in the federal level by the Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) for São Paulo in 1950. The aim of this paper is to understand how Ivete Vargas mobilized family resources, her intellectual formation and the abilities she acquired in different places and through different activities, specially her work as a journalist to the newspaper Brasil-Portugal and in the Instituto Nacional de Ciência Política, to build enough capital to make a successful way in into politics. To become representative at age 23, Ivete Vargas combined such resources and previously acquired abilities, social capital built from her grandfather's social network, and an active performance aiming to rise in politics - as well as looking to strengthen her relationship with her great uncle, the former president Getúlio Vargas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive Pombaline anti-Jesuitic propaganda, in the context of the king's decision of officially extinguishing the Society of Jesus in Portugal, on September 3, 1759, made turn the Jesuits into the quintessential de humanizers of human history, enemies of modern States and paganizers of the Church. According to the conspiracy doctrine typical of plot myths, the Jesuits are identified as the main, if not the only, root of all the evils that happened in the Church and in to the contemporary societies. This radically negative perspective creates an actual black myth and contrasts with other readings, some of which are radically different. As such, the Ignatians are also seen as the modernizers of the Church and qualified advisors to Kings and Princes, forerunners of human rights. This paper revisits and critically analyzes the characterization of these contrasting views, which make the Jesuits, both agents of dehumanization and humanization, from the perspective of the history of thought between the Early Modern and Modern periods. It also aims to know, beyond the blurry imagery created by anti- and pro-Jesuitic polemics, if we can consider the Jesuits relevant to a protohistory of human rights in the transition to the Contemporary Modern Period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse substantial aspects of everyday life in a Jesuit mission on the Portuguese Amazon in the mid-18th century, within the context of the reforms implemented under Pombal. The source for this investigation is the so-called Trier Dictionary, written in the Xingu valley, before 1756, and rediscovered, in 2012, in Europe. The insertion of numerous comments and examples in this manuscript allows us to perceive features of the ways and conditions of life that go beyond the standardized narrative of colonial chronicles. To a certain extent, the entries reproduce the speaking and feeling of indigenous people who, even within a regime of control, managed to preserve essential elements of their original traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its foundation until the present, the Misericórdias have occupied preexisting buildings to ensure the fulfillment of their assistance activity, to organize their daily life and to celebrate the mass. It is in this context that in 1768 the Misericórdia of Lisbon installed itself in the professed house in Lisbon -- the Professed House of São Roque. This paper seeks to deepen the context of the occupation of the professed house and simultaneously reflect on the relationship that the Misericórdias established with architecture and with the built space, which since the beginning of its foundation has always been particular and determinant. The process will be analyzed considering the donation of the building from São Roque to the Misericórdia, but also other donations made to the same institution, as the College of Santo Antão for the installation of the All-Saints Royal Hospital and the assets of the extinct brotherhoods installed in the professed house, and it will be highlighted how all these donations contributed to consolidate the position of the Misericórdia, reinforcing its material and financial conditions for a more convenient pursuit of its assistance objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches Brasilia not so much from the usual perspective of its architectural and urbanistic configuration, but above all as a swift and substantial real estate enterprise developed at territorial scale. It analyses some of the methods proposed to assign plots and land parcels in the future Federal District since the end of the 1940s and focuses on the actions taken by Novacap (government agency in charge of planning and building the new capital city) as real estate developer, between 1956 and 1960. The aim is to reveal the rationale underlying those actions, especially when organizing uses and occupation in different spaces of the territory, by allocating them to specific social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to revitalize the legacy of historian Rafael Altamira, a survivor from Spanish Nationalist State who left the country to live in exile at the end of the civil war. Throughout his life, he also resisted Franco's regime. The historian was targeted by Franco's officers, moved to America and established himself in Mexico as an expatriate agent of the resistance in the intellectual field. Because of that he had his works continually submitted to new publishing requirements, such as having passages suppressed in book translations and having books banned or revalidated by the censorship judgment. The aims of the present research are to identify the rules imposed by censorship apparatus and the way it functioned to ban or to allow the partial or total publication of those works. Thereby, we demonstrate the lasting surveillance on those works and their respective authors, editors and readers, subjected to an atmosphere of suspicion and guilt. By means of this study, it will be delineated the vicissitudes of a dictatorial regime which deprived the freedom of expression of intellectuals and which limited them to silence and self-repression. Also, it condemned others to be in exile as a way of cultural survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to reflect on the political function of the arbítrios, through a memorial written by Luis de Ribera, which deals with a topic related to the ecclesiastical government of Peru. The arbítrios were proposals addressed to the king for the solution of problems in several spheres of the government, especially financial matters. They had their heyday in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, and from the first decades of the 17th century we can observe an arbitrism centered on American issues, although to a lesser extent than the Castilian arbitrism. Ecclesiastical issues were of great importance in the Spanish territories in America, due to the fact that sovereignty over the new lands was justified by the evangelization of the natives. Ribera's memorial offered a solution to one of these issues, the rivalry between the religious orders and the secular clergy; from this we will consider the influence of these writings on political issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at discussing the main socioeconomical, political and demographic transformations that come with the process of social and economical development of Foz do Iguaçu city, in order to understand how it was constituted the social environment marked by poverty, mass vulnerability and social desfiliation in which live important segments of the working population. It is observed that both the international economic policy, which in face of the crisis of capitalism in the years 1960 and 1970 looked for new ways of capitalization, and the model of subordinated and dependent capitalist development adopted by the governments of Latin America conditioned the process of development of Foz do Iguaçu and region. In the same way, it is observed that the particularities and singularities that characterize Foz do Iguaçu and the region of the triple border were decisive in this process, contributing not only for the weakening of organization ways and the effectuation of production relations based on statutes of the salary society, but also for the same to establish itself in Foz do Iguaçu and region, long before other Brazilian regions, producing poverty, insecurity and social destitution for those who depend on work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Paulo Sacramentos' short films Ave (1992) and Juvenília (1994). The main goal here is to discuss the relationship between image and violence. The idea of violence is present in both films through their semantic scope and also in their creative and ironic language. Two phenomena observed in the 1980s and 1990s Brazilian history are articulated to the film analysis: 1) the growth of social violence and its appearance in academic, cultural and political debates; and 2) the increase in short film production, which includes an important group of films about violence in the country. This paper aims to understand the connection between films and social context. In this sense, the two short films by Sacramento will be analyzed both as "representation of violence" and as artworks that criticize the trivialization of violence in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the volcanic eruptions that occurred in Ecuador in the 18th century. It also analyses the socioeconomic impacts they caused, the emergency policies and the disaster management in the different institutions of the Bourbon administration.In this way, the eruptive cycles of the Cotopaxi volcano in 1742-1744 and 1766-1768, as well as the Tungurahua volcano in 1773-1781, are analysed. The primary documentary sources used in this paper come from different historical archives(Archivo General de Indias, Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia, Archivo Nacional del Ecuador y Archivo Histórico Nacional de España), as well as data and transcriptions of documents collected by different authorsand contemporary to the eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the current research project (2018 -2021) bearing the same name, and financed by the Spanish Government. Focusing on the climatic phenomena associated with the Little Ice Age (LIA), their financial, social and cultural effects, and the main efforts to resist and counteract their disastrous effects, the project has an extensive multidisciplinary team of researchers from Iberian and Mesoamerican countries. The project also takes into account previous research carried out from 1993 to 2016 at the University of Alicante. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the connections between Religion and Power in Ancient Rome. Some religious rituals were appropriated by political rhetorical during the Augustan Principate in order to legitimize itself. The principes’ attitudes of valuing tradition and restoring social order were connected to his auctoritas. Therefore we emphasize that the worship of Pax goddess and its representations delineated the symbolic borders of a period of transition from the civil wars to the succeeding stability of a new political system. Such elements can be observed both in the material culture and in the literature of the period. Hence, we shall address the rhetorical topic discussing the coins studies and the Augustan literature since they played a fundamental role in the legitimation mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the viability of thinking Africa South of the Sahara as a space with its own “Middle Ages”. To do so, I briefly discuss the genealogy of the term Medieval, Medieval Studies and Medievalism. This digression is important in order to observe the intimate relation between historiography on the Middle Ages and Europe. Then, I discuss the “non-eurocentric” proposals that come with a Postcolonial approach to Medieval Studies and, after that, I discuss the implications of conceiving a Middle Ages outside of Europe, especially in Africa South of the Sahara. I conclude arguing that attempting to frame African spaces in a chronology of Middle Ages acts as a type of export of a Academic Medievalism: Africa South of the Sahara becomes, more than na object of study, a field where idealized, romantic and instrumentalized images are created, setting forth epistemological and political implication for our historical understanding of the continent. Therefore, the idea of a “Medieval Africa” is not neutral and has to be constantly questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the relations between the works of the Brazilian researchers Nicolau Sevcenko and Sergio Miceli – the historian and the sociologist. In exploring the “dialogue” between them, some considerations are made about the different approaches of the sociology of culture and social and cultural history. Two reviews of Miceli’s books by Nicolau Sevcenko and a annotated book of Miceli belonging to Sevcenko are the main sources. In addition to this, the article comments on the constituition of a new field of research in Brazil, related to literature and the arts, from the 1970’s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to analyze the ideas about the creation of a model of Ministry of Agriculture implanted in the first quarter of the 20th century in Brazil and in the last years of the 19th century in Argentina. These ministries give us the policies directed to the adoption of a scientific agriculture in both countries. The paper raises questions about the advances of agronomic science and the interaction with an increasing state intervention in agriculture. The analysis is mainly focused in the contrasts and similarities with other producing countries and the consequences of the circulation of knowledge and technologies in these spaces. It also outlines a profile of the sugar production growth as a decisive factor to the sugar producers’ new demands for educational and research institutions in these sugar-related areas. The present work is the first approximation to the process of constitution and operation of a technicians’ network based on Argentinian and Brazilian sources, such as bulletins and technical leaflets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the relationship between philosophy and literature in J.R.R. Tolkien’s (1892-1973) essay On Fairy-stories. Delivered as a lecture in 1939 and published in 1947, the text presents the author’s conception of the literary genre known as fairy-stories and we explore the possible philosophical and theological mediations and references in his investigation. The objectives of this article are twofold: 1) to highlight the literary theory proposed by Tolkien as part of the philosophical tradition of medieval realism, with conceptual correspondences in Plato, Aristotle, Augustine and Thomas Aquinas; and 2) to demonstrate Tolkien’s original contribution to the appreciation of imagination and fantasy as a form of contemplation, which is the purpose of the educational effort, called paideia, of this philosophical tradition. The methodology comprises a comparative bibliographical review of these authors, using both the essay by J.R.R. Tolkien and his personal letters, as well as the books by the above-mentioned philosophers and their contemporary commentators. The conclusion upholds the viability of the connection between the paideia and mythopoeia conceived by Tolkien as a contemplative way that values the production of myths as a means of admiration of reality from the metaphysical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Movimento Negro Contemporâneo (MNC) [Contemporary Black Movement] engaged in different kinds of political action in the struggle for the valorization of culture, aesthetics and the work of black women and black men. In the following years after the installation of the businesscivil- military dictatorship in 1964, this movement apparently sought to form a network of anti-racist strategies, in an attempt to criticize the ideology of racial democracy. In this context, the Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU) [Unified Black Movement] was created, an important organization of the MNC, also responsible for articulating the struggles against racial inequality and against the ideology of racial democracy in several regions of Brazil, as it articulated the debate on gender, race and class. Besides that, in the period from 1980 to 2000, in the state of Alagoas, the Comissão Pastoral da Terra de Alagoas (CPT / AL) [Pastoral Land Commission of Alagoas State], the Associação Cultural Zumbi (ACZ) [Zumbi Cultural Association], the Agentes de Pastoral Negros (APNs) [Black Pastoral Agents], the Programa de Ações Afirmativas da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (PAAE/ UFAL) [Affirmative Action Program of the Federal University of Alagoas], the Núcleo de Identidade Étnico-Racial [Ethnic-Racial Identity Center], the Fundação Municipal de Ação Cultural de Maceió [Maceió City Cultural Action Foundation], among other organizations, which articulated the discussion on the racial issue in some social movements and black organizations in that state. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss on the basis of bibliographic research, how the racial issue and the issue of fighting the ideology of racial democracy were present in the MNC and MNU, as well as in some social movements and black organizations in the state of Alagoas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the colonial period, had a recommendation that the access of the women the reading and the write should be brief, merely for help their in domestic works. That because they should had be prepared for wife paper, mother and housewife. The article objective to analyze such consensus. In this way, discusses the feminine ideal and the type of education that should had be receive and the conception refers the relation of the women with of the world of write. Searching problematize these questions, emphasize the contact with the letters experiencing by Teodora Maria da Conceição, resident in Vila Rica, exposed in one civil judgement of action of sevídias, in 1808. She was condemn for castigate excessively her slaves and had to undo of their and pay the expenses of the process. To so much, presented one library containing 128 volumes, among civils and canonicals titles. However, such form of payment wasn’t accept, for the authorities understood the books couldn’t be of Teodora. The data presents in the judgment reflects the conceptions about feminism ideal and the education projected for the women. In what concern at letters, shows there were understanding that the possession of the books implied in certain formation that Teodora, conformable the authorities, didn’t have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argentina had a troubled trajectory during World War II, assuming a controversial neutrality during a period of great political instability in her history. As several authors noted, a sensitive political issue in this period was the re-equipment of her armed forces, something that had repercussions both domestically and externally, however there is almost no discussion on the content of these proposals for the acquisition of military materiel. Considering the importance of this issue for political developments in Argentina, this paper seeks to understand the plans for naval modernization during the war, relating them to the context in which they were presented. Thus, we emphasize the importance of the external political scenario in discussions about naval programmes, especially in view of the relative decline in Argentine power at the regional level. Internally, the role of civil-military relations must be observed. Finally, we pointed out that the fleet renewal plans initially reflected the pre-war naval policy, focusing on the regional scope and ensuring Argentine superiority, but its content was modified as new naval technologies and political developments changed the scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address Apolônio de Carvalho’s path between the years 1937 and 1947, as well as memories from the character about this time of his political militancy. Such context was highlighted by his affiliation to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and his decision to fight alongside the republicans in the Spanish civil conflict (1936-1939) and, afterwards in the French resistance against Nazi-fascists potencies during World War II (1939-1945). Therefore, the time frame in question contemplates a decade of the character’s engagement in the anti-fascist fight in Spain and France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naval History has been a subdomain of Maritime and Military Histories. It can be subdivided into Central Naval History when it refers to classical Military History, encompassing research in the military and operational fields, Auxiliary when referring to Science, Technology and biographies and Cognate when it relates to other domains of history, having the sea as fulcrum, including using theoretical tools from other fields of History. In Brazil there are few theses and dissertations of Naval History in the university environment. Taking into account CAPES Thesis and Dissertations Catalogue between 2016 and 2018, a survey of the percentage of academic papers correlated to Naval History was conducted in the considered period. The relationship between the total number of defenses in the period with the number of Naval History works was verified, as well as the number of investigations in the three subfields of Naval History, the Central, the Auxiliary and Cognate concluding by the insufficiency of research in this area in Brazil and the reasons for this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work analyzes the political partisan representation of the government succession in Piauí in 1958 in the section “Political Flagrant” in the newspaper Folha da Manhã. Once the owner was the deputy Marcos Parente (UDN), the daily newspaper kept an editorial line very refined to the political interests of the udenistas and, for this reason, the paper was signed as opposition to the governor of Piauí, Gen. Jacob Manoel Gayoso and Almendra, from PSD. Based on the theory of journalism and in the methodology of Discourse Analysis, the articles published in the section “Political Flagrant” were analyzed from January to April 1958 that discuss about the situation of PSD of Piauí and the backstage of the situationism, when the parties and the political groups were prepared for the election campaign on October 3rd. Thus, it is verified that Folha da Manhã subscribed to itself and to the reader a journalism of credibility based on rhetoric of truth of facts and, dialectically, it was concerned as a political weapon to face the discursive battle strongly proponent that was struggled with the other newspapers from Teresina in the period cut out to study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the establishment of a field of academic history in Brazil, by means of USP’s Revista de História, founded in 1950. Through the contents of the 1950’s issues we identify, in the publication, a period of closeness between professionals coming from the IHGSP and others from the university itself. That points to a transition period between a so-called traditional history and a new professional history in Brazil, already during the 1950’s. It is also possible to sort out the traditional periods of the relationship between the Annales and the so called USP school of History, through the analyses of elements that accompany texts published by French historians and some others published by professors such as Eurípedes Simões de Paula, Eduardo d’Oliveira França and Astrogildo Rodrigues de Mello. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the logic of repressive policy applied to the militaries after 1964’ coup. The objective is to demonstrate that the roots of this process have a direct relation with the contests of policy-ideological process for control by the Brazilian State, which occurred in the post-Second World War, and that the justifications for its use were formulated during the political debates that took place in the late 1940s. In particular, the objective is to prove that, in the courses of the Superior School of War (ESG), based on its basic principles and doctrines of national security and revolutionary war, we find the ideological, political and economic grounds for the “sanitation” carried out within the Armed Forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine and reflect on the political and cultural meaning of the speeches delivered by the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, the Brazilian Communist Party's Secretary of Education and Propaganda Pedro Pomar and the communist writer Jorge Amado in the first meeting between the Communist Party of Brazil and the writers. That event was not further explored when studying the political and cultural actions of the Brazilian Communist Party. It took place in São Paulo, in July 1945, when Brazilians were mobilizing for the country's political democratization, the legalization of the Communist Party and the Party's Secretary-General, since 1943, Luís Carlos Prestes' amnesty. The speeches given by Neruda, Pomar and Amado were gathered in a book called "O Partido Comunista e a Liberdade de Criação" published by the publishing company Horizonte in 1946. This paper analyses this document, that may be considered the only and most important record of the meeting and it aims to associate it with the party's effort to make the experience of the cultural frontism that occurred clandestinely into a proposal to a legal cultural movement. Therefore, the effort to reaffirm conceptions and to value literary projects that were developed in the 1930's and the meaning of Jorge Amado's and Pablo Neruda's militancy in Latin America must be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, Reader's Digest was a major contributor to the mobilization of World War II, mobilizing American women to work in the industry and advocating that men should go to the front, articulating later also the demobilization of women and their return to their homes. In the Brazilian context, Seleções do Reader's Digest - working with a US material selection - also contributed to the different ways which gender roles during the conflict years were presented to Brazilian readers along the lines of the policies implemented in the United States. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on how these roles were articulated in both countries, between 1941 and 1945, based on articles published by both periodicals. Taking as a theoretical perspective the Gender Studies, especially the biases established by scholars such as Susan Hartmann and Joanne Meyerowitz, and focusing on the concept of representation, as conceived by Roger Chartier, the work aims to list possible differences regarding the call for women, pointing out the different ways in which they participated in the war effort, either at homefront or on the battlefield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with franciscan history in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. From three chronicles written by franciscans, it analyzes the relations of association and rivalry that the friars had with the secular clerics. It suggests two problems: the disputes over the priesthood and the competitions for the incomes of the holy services. Methodologically, it compares similar passages from each of the chronicles, in order to light some recurrences and patterns. The hypothesis it outlines is that, beyond the mendicant ideology, the friars needed to get involved with ecclesiastical affairs, moved by popular demands and initiatives over reforms on the clerical morality. Thus, the paper aims to clarify the mechanisms by which the franciscans conquered their place in the fierceful urban environment of medieval Europe - cooperating or competing with other Church orders - as well as the rhetorical instruments they employed in their ideological defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the Arapaima gigas' fisheries in the Araguaia River and the debates around this activity through the analysis of the photographic records published in the books Charm of the West (Encantos do Oeste) by Agenor Couto de Magalhães (1945) and Dramas of the West (Dramas do Oeste) by Leolídio Di Ramos Caiado (195?). The interconnections between the books are understood as an active part of the political controversies related to the fishing activity in the mentioned river. The photographic records of pirarucus fishes are directly related to the local contradictions and controversies coupled to the policies and ideology of the "March towards the West" and to the phenomenon of tourism intensification. The specimens captured and photographed were part and fomented two distinct speculations about the future of the Araguaia River: one linked to the success of tourism and the fishing industry and the second one related to the extinction of the species A. gigas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper focuses on Riel y fomento, an argentinian magazine published by the General Administration of the State Railways between 1922 and 1935. With an explicitly nationalist approach, the publication addressed railways issues accompanied by articles related to the promotion of tourism and the dissemination of arts and architecture. The research will be focused on the period 1922-1928 and will delve into several aspects, such as the participation of artists and illustrators, the contributions made by managers and intellectuals and the role of images and articles in the magazine. As a main hypothesis, I argue that Riel y fomento articulated in its pages a project of social and cultural modernization centered on the "civilizing" power of the railroad, translatable in agricultural and industrial growth and in the development of an authentic culture of Americanist values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1880 the Argentine State ruled by President Julio Argentino Roca belonging to the national autonomist party (PAN) was created by Decree the national territory of Misiones after segregation of the province of Corrientes. Economic tax policies promoted by his supporters soon found a bitter resistance from the local "elite" that brought together his followers behind the Mitrista Liberal Party from which expressed opposition to the mandates and openly disputed the orientation of tax policy. The "Central elites" raised a dilemma in the direction of the national policy with the slogan "to govern is to populate". The premise involved that the State should stimulate immigration with greater emphasis and to ensure also the success of such enterprises although they be confront directly with the economic interests of the "local elites" of the interior of the country. This paper will analyze the trajectory of the businessman Domingo Barthe as a representative of the local elite of the National Territory of Misiones from successful entrepreneurship in Upper Paraná that led him to a showdown with the tax policies of the Governor Juan José Lanusse. The conflict has generated a long lawsuit that challenged immigration policy as well as the awarding of concessions of the wild Yerba Mate and revealed as background the networks of political, economic and legal relations of the parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to disclose to the general public the SPU-MPOG / BID / UFF Documentary Collection Project and the potential of the documentation guarded in the SPU-RJ through the transcription of a relevant document that is part of the Collection. I justify the transcription of this Handwritten Scripture on the ground that, besides not being available in digital form, it is extremely representative for the Urban and Port History of Rio de Janeiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the guidebook Social studies for children in a democracy, focusing not only on its content, but also on its materialness. It was written in 1956 by the professor of the UC Berkeley School of Education John U. Michaelis. In Brazil, Social Studies became a mandatory subject for primary and secondary school, and at university, in early 1967. In 1969, the Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS) started offering Social Studies as a new graduation course which relied on Michaelis' guidebook as part of its bibliography. Said material is a guide for teachers to "improve children's social education" and its main idea is that "the values and the democratic behavior must pervade all phases of the social studies program". Goodson, Saviani and Bittencourt were taken as reference for this work, and so were materials related to the forthcoming 1969 social studies program at UCS. The purpose is to understand the guidebook beyond its written content, that is, to comprehend also the communication it enables by visual elements. That is therefore a way of considering the guidebook in addition to its pedagogic and didactic potential, and making it a dated and contextualized discourse about teaching and History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bon Odori is a mortuary rite related to Japanese Buddhism that, held during the "Festival of the Deceased", aims to allow the beings to transmigrate to different dimensions of Buddhist spheres. This paper intends to analyze the ritual connected to the Honpa Honganji Buddhist temple, located in Londrina (Paraná). As methodology, participant observations of Bon Odori were made in 2014 and interviews with the local Buddhist monk. From theoretical perspective, it is used the concepts of religious field and appropriation, suggested, respectively, by Pierre Bourdieu and Roger Chartier. From this, it is suggested that, although it is a mortuary rite, elements of "profane" universe, as well as distinct social actors, have been associated with Bon Odori. This change would be created by the need of this Buddhism, which remains in Brazil an ethnic religion, to develop strategies of proselytism that enable it to acquire new faithful, including outside the circle of Japanese immigrants and descendants, to its social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper systematizes some information about both Arrigo Barnabe's and Itamar Assumpcao's artistic career. The paper analyses, as well, the forms of two compositions: "Clara Crocodilo" (Arrigo Barnabé/ Mario Lucio Cortes), recorded in 1980 on the Clara Crocodilo album; and "Nego Dito" (Itamar Assumpção), recorded in 1981 on the Beleléu, Leléu, Eu album. In the interdisciplinary perspective that one takes, the notion of form refers to the analysis of the elements that structure each composition and to the interpretation of the meaning of that structure in the light of Brazil's historical process. Thus, the sound materials that constitute each recording and the ways these materials are articulated are related to the Brazilian history in the moving from the 1970s to the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the discourse about cultural identity through the manifestations of popular music in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, from interviews with musicians and community participants samba, emphasizing mainly the issue of musical forms and melodic is composed in the mid-twentieth century. Rooted on the valuation of antique instruments, the way they were made, in either of the sets, groups and musical genres, these memories help us and lead us to an historical analysis of musical experiences as ways of pleasure, affirmation and cultural representation to understanding how languages and representations, as it takes shape in the theoretical assumptions of History of the Present Time. The music in this sense becomes one forming agents discourse around the cultural identity of the people that belong to the outskirts of towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 17th century, the Society of Jesus entered areas belonging to the current Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, entering the river basins of the Iequí (Pardo) and Caii (Caí), where Guarani partialities established alliances with Jesuits. However, not every Guarani accepted the colonial project, like the spiritual leaderships who refuted approaches with the priests. The goal of this study is to analyze the performance of leaderships such as Tayubai and Apyçaire who declared war on the priests in the name of the ñande reko Guarani in territories of the rivers Iequí and Caií in the year 1635. The methodology is qualitative and descriptive, based on the ethno-historical analysis of the 1635 Ânua. The paper analyzed two events that occurred next to the Jesuit reductions of the Iequí river and in the territories of the Caii river, when Guarani parties clashed with the Jesuits. In the first event, priest Mendonza is assassinated by partialities led by Tayubai, in the second event other partialities attacked the reduction of Jesus Maria in the Iequí river. In view of this, it was found that not all Guarani natives accepted the Jesuits near their territories, because they evaluated the contact from their cultural parameters, not agreeing with the teachings of the parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo's policies, a new urban paradigm has appeared at Brazilian Northern hinterlands (sertões) by means of Indian's town creation in order to civilize native people according to European Enlightenment models. Thus the aim of this paper is think of the effect that Indian's towns has brought to the sertões's urbanization as well as interpret its urban morphology in light of royal letter (or another official document) of towns foundation and cultural encounters have taken place between indigenous and European. Also it seeks to demonstrate that urban morphology acquired by those towns has presented trace elements both Enlightenment aesthetical normative as native culture re-meaning by adventitious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the final stage of the last Argentine military dictatorship (1976-1983) with an emphasis on the political tensions around the "problem of the desaparecidos". In order to do so, it analyzes the set of measures proposed by the military junta to "respond" to the public and political demands on the subject and analyzes in detail the "Final Document of the Military Junta on the War Against Subversion and Terrorism" published in April 1983. The study of the tensions around its preparation and the reactions that caused shows the magnitude that this document had in the historical process: it was a key step on the undetermined road to the subsequent investigation and prosecution of the Armed Forces in the post-dictatorship era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the construction of individual and collective self-images by the landowners and enslaved, public workers, authorities, liberal professionals and merchants of Miranda, Santa Rita de Nioaque, Campos de Vacaria and Campo Grande during the pastoral visit of the bishop of Cuiabá, D. Carlos Luiz D'Amour, in the south of the province of Mato Grosso in 1886. This elite sought to impose positive selfimages about the region and themselves, among them the idea that they participated in civilization, culture, refinement, sciences, humanities and the arts of good behavior. In order to do so, they attempted to construct an ostentatious self-presentation to exalt their role as pioneers, civilizers of backwoods, patriots and promoters of progress. This performance had symbolic, economic, social and political features not only to combat the stigmas of Mato Grosso as "frontier-sertão" and change its definition and identity but also to affirm its power of command in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]