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For the fortieth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 19 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fourteen papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. Volume 1 contains the following 19 papers: (1) Gamification for Change: A New Approach to Investigate Students' Attitudes toward Educational Gamification in Online Learning Environments (Sumayah Abu-Dawood); (2) Facilitating Higher Levels of Thinking and Deeper Cognitive Processing of Course Text Using Reciprocal Teaching Strategies in Asynchronous Discussion Forums (Jenifer R. Marquis and Ginger S. Watson); (3) Online Learning Design and Implementation Models: A Model Validation Study Using Expert Instructional Designers (Ann Armstrong and Albert Gale); (4) Tracking the Design and Development of a Six Module miniMOOC for Quality Graduate Supervision (Hawazen Alharbi and Michele Jacobsen); (5) Diversity Training in Organization Settings: Effective and Ethical Approaches for Change Leaders (Ashley McArthur and Nancy B. Hastings); (6) Hey, Want to Play? "Kahooting" to Win the Learning Game (Papia Bawa); (7) An Examination of Prior Knowledge and Cueing Effects in an Animation (Ismahan Arslan-Ari); (8) Teacher Perceptions of the Adaptation of the New Computer Science (CS) Curriculum: An Evaluation of CS Curriculum Implementation (Suhkyung Shin, Jongpil Cheon, and Sungwon Shin); (9) Multimedia Video Resolution, Camera Angle, and the Impact on Instructor Credibility and Immediacy (Miguel Ramlatchan and Ginger S. Watson); (10) The Effects of Visible-Annotation Tool on the Learning Process and Learning Outcome in CSCL (Yoonhee Shin, Jaewon Jung, and Dongsik Kim); (11) Pre-Service ICT Teachers' Recommendations for School Internet Safety (Sanser Bulu, Melike Kavuk-Kalender, and Hafize Keser); (12) Turkish Schools' Readiness for Preventing Cyberbullying (Melike Kavuk-Kalender, Hafize Keser, and Sanser Bulu); (13) Examining Technology Integration Decision-Making Processes and Identifying Professional Development Needs of International Teachers (Medha Dalal, Leanna Archambault, and Catharyn Shelton); (14) Integrating Learning Analytics into Workforce Education to Develop Self-Assessment Competency (Lin Zhong); (15) Ensuring Academic Integrity in Online Courses: A Case Analysis in Three Testing Environments (Berhane Teclehaimanot, Sue Ann Hochberg, Diana Franz, Mingli Xiao, and Jiyu You); (16) Changing Student Performance and Perceptions through Productive Failure: Active Learning for Applied Chemistry in Pharmaceutics (Dan Cernusca and Sanku Mallik); (17) The Construction of Sentiment Lexicon in Educational Field Based on Word2vec (Xiang Feng and Longhui Qiu); (18) Blended Instruction by Using Simulation Method Teaching to Enhance Digital Literacy for Student Teachers in Thailand (Sumalee Chuachai); and (19) Social Network Use Preferences of Pre-Service ICT Teachers (Omer Faruk Islim and Nese Sevim Cirak). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED580817.]

This paper reports on research into the field of computer security, and undergraduate degrees offered in that field. Research described in the paper reveals only one computer security program at the associate's degree level in the entire country. That program, at Texas State Technical College in Waco, is a 71-credit-hour program leading to an Associate of Applied Science in Network Technology degree and focuses heavily on computer networks and operating systems, containing courses that prepare individuals for careers on corporate security teams. The majority of computer security and information security training is offered in master's and doctoral-level programs. The paper proposes Norwalk Community College (NCC) in Norwalk, Connecticut, develop a new degree program at NCC. It also details the process of developing the degree program, starting with advisory committee members' development of a knowledge and skills list for entry-level computer security professionals, identification of the components that could be taught in a formal program of study, and the packaging of knowledge and skills components into logical course delivery units. The paper argues for development of similar programs at other community colleges. (NB)

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the 5th International Conference on Educational Technologies 2017 (ICEduTech 2017), which has been organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and co-organised by the Western Sydney University, held in Sydney, Australia, 11-13 December 2017. ICEduTech is the scientific conference addressing the real topics as seen by teachers, students, parents and school leaders. Scientists, professionals and institutional leaders are invited to be informed by experts, sharpen the understanding what education needs and how to achieve it. Full papers presented in these proceedings include: (1) Bibliometric Science Mapping as a Popular Trend: Chosen Examples of Visualisation of International Research Network Results (Eugenia Smyrnova-Trybulska, Nataliia Morze, Olena Kuzminska and Piet Kommers); (2) Optimize Knowledge Sharing, Team Effectiveness, and Individual Learning within the Flipped Team-Based Classroom (Chung-Kai Huang, Chun-Yu Lin, Zih-Cin Lin, Cui Wang and Chia-Jung Lin); (3) Design and Development of an Interactive Multimedia Simulation for Augmenting the Teaching and Learning of Programming Concepts (Leonah L. Baloyi, Sunday O. Ojo and Etienne A. Van Wyk); (4) Introducing Tablets in a Portuguese School: A Micool Project Case Study Analysis (Miriam Judge); (5) College Communicative Teaching and e-Learning: A Training Scheme (Charito G. Ong; (6) Tested Strategies for Recruiting and Retention of STEM Majors (Sadegh Davari, Sharon Perkins-Hall and Krishani Abeysekera); (7) Redesigning Learning Spaces: What do Teachers Want for Future Classrooms? (Neuza Pedro); (8) Peer Instructions and Use of Technological Tools. An Innovative Methodology for the Development of Meaningful Learning (Oriel A. Herrera and Patricia Mejías); (9) It Doesn't Matter What is in Their Hands: Understanding How Students Use Technology to Support, Enhance and Expand Their Learning in a Complex World (Peter Bryant); (10) A Comparative Study on Social Media Addiction of High School and University Students (Ali Simsek, Kemal Elciyar and Taner Kizilhan); (11) Computer Literacy Teaching Using Peer Learning and under the Confucian Heritage Cultural Settings of Macao, China (Kelvin Wong, Ana Neves and Joao Negreiros); (12) Applying Sensors to Investigate Gender Differences in Beginning Tennis Players (Chih-Hung Yu, Jye-Shyan Wang and Cheng-Chih Wu); (13) Using Arduino to Teach Programming to First-Year Computer Science Students (Wee Lum Tan, Sven Venema and Ruben Gonzalez); (14) Dimensions of Self-Perceived Employability in First Year IT Students (Amy Antonio and David Tuffley); (15) Challenges for a New Generation of STEM Students (Krishani Abeysekera, Sharon Perkins-Hall, Sadegh Davari and Amanda Smith Hackler); (16) Developing a Gesture-Based Game for Mentally Disabled People to Teach Basic Life Skills (Mohammad Javad Nazirzadeh, Kürsat Cagiltay and Necdet Karasu); (17) Learning Group Formation for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) (Sankalp Prabhakar and Osmar R. Zaiane) and (18) ICE: An Automated Tool for Teaching Advanced C Programming (Ruben Gonzalez). Short papers presented include: (1) MOOC as a Laboratory of Culture Shock: Helping Non-U.S. Students Integrate into All-American Virtual Environment (Valeri Chukhlomin and Anant Deshpande); (2) The Use of Mobile Devices Outside of the Classroom for Self-Directed Learning among Female EFL Students in Saudi Arabia (Fatimah Albedah and Chwee Beng Lee); (3) Communication Scaffolds for Project Management in PBL (Shigeru Sasaki, Masayuki Arai, Kumiko Takai, Mitsuhiro Ogawa and Hiroyoshi Watanabe); (4) Digital Pedagogies for Teachers' CPD (Matthew Montebello); (5) Sensing Locally in the Global Environment: Using Sensors in Teachers' Education (Maria João Silva, António Almeida, Bianor Valente, Margarida Rodrigues and Vítor Manteigas); (6) The Use of a Digital Badge as an Indicator and a Motivator (Jun Iwata, John Telloyan, Lynne Murphy, Shudong Wang and John Clayton; (7) Exploring the Education Potential of Minecraft: The Case of 118 Elementary-School Students (Thierry Karsenti and Julien Bugmann); (8) Digital Story Creation: Its Impact towards Academic Performance (Charito G. Ong); and (9) Collaborative Peer Feedback (David A. Smith). Posters include: (1) A System for Class Reflection Using iPads for Real-Time Bookmarking of Feedbacks into Simultaneously Recorded Videos (Taira Nakajima); (2) Roles, Strategies, and Impact of MOOCs on Flipping Business Education (Chung-Kai Huang, Chun-Yu Lin, Zih-Cin Lin and Cui Wang); and (3) Gamifying Outdoor Social Inquiry Learning with Context-Aware Technology (Morris Siu-Yung Jong, Tom Chan, Vincent Tam and Ming-Tak Hue). Individual papers include references, and an Author Index is included.

In this study, the authors have developed a web-based programming exercise system currently implemented in classrooms. This system not only provides students with a web-based programming environment but also tracks the time spent on exercises, logging operations such as program editing, building, execution, and testing. Additionally, it records their results. For educators, the system offers insights into each student's progress, the evolution of their source code, and the instances of errors. While teachers find these functions beneficial, the method of providing feedback to students needs improvement. Immediate feedback is proven to be more effective for student learning. If the final course score could be predicted based on early data (e.g., from the 1st or 2nd week), students could adapt their study strategies accordingly. This paper demonstrates that one can predict the final score using the system's operational logs from the initial phases of the course. Furthermore, the score predictions can be revised weekly based on new class logs. We also explore the potential of offering tailored advice to students to enhance their final score. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]

Presentations from a colloquium on applications of research on natural languages to computer science address the following topics: (1) analysis of complex adverbs; (2) parser use in computerized text analysis; (3) French language utilities; (4) lexicographic mapping of official language notices; (5) phonographic codification of Spanish; (6) electronic dictionaries; (7) specialized linguistic programs; (8) text difficulty; (9) linguistic variation and formalization in Quebec French; (10) French text generation software; (11) consequences for parsing of heterogeneity and insertion in sentences; (12) language utilities; (13) interaction of orthographic and phonological representations in reading; (14) automatic phoneticization of French texts; (15) computerized content analysis; (16) description of natural languages with a view to computer applications; (17) software to aid in the conception of deontic knowledge bases; (18) software for computer-assisted text generation; (19) organization of segment lengths in syllabic rhyme; (20) a language utility for public administration; (21) French prosody; (22) interactive treatment of documents; (23) transcription of oral corpuses from a comparative perspective; (24) a linguistic work station; (25) universal applicative grammar; (26) and the speed of synthesized speech. Other papers are abstracted only. (MSE)

The 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2011) brings together researchers from computer science, education, psychology, psychometrics, and statistics to analyze large datasets to answer educational research questions. The conference, held in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, July 6-9, 2011, follows the three previous editions (Pittsburgh 2010, Cordoba 2009 and Montreal 2008), and a series of workshops within the AAAI, AIED, EC-TEL, ICALT, ITS, and UM conferences. The increase of e-learning resources such as interactive learning environments, learning management systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and hypermedia systems, as well as the establishment of state databases of student test scores, has created large repositories of data that can be explored to understand how students learn. The EDM conference focuses on data mining techniques for using these data to address important educational questions. The broad collection of research disciplines ensures cross fertilization of ideas, with the central questions of educational research serving as a unifying focus. This publication presents the following papers: (1) Social Information Discovery (Barry Smyth); (2) On exploration and mining of data in educational practice (Erik-Jan van der Linden, Martijn Wijffelaars, Thomas Lammers); (3) EDM and the 4th Paradigm of Scientific Discovery--Reflections on the 2010 KDD Cup Competition (John Stamper); (4) Factorization Models for Forecasting Student Performance (Nguyen Thai-Nghe, Tomas Horvath and Lars Schmidt-Thieme); (5) Analyzing Participation of Students in Online Courses Using Social Network Analysis Techniques (Reihaneh Rabbany Khorasgani, Mansoureh Takaffoli and Osmar Zaiane); (6) A Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Student Model Discovery (Nan Li, Noboru Matsuda, William W. Cohen and Kenneth R. Koedinger); (7) Conditions for effectively deriving a Q-Matrix from data with Non-negative Matrix Factorization (Michel C. Desmarais); (8) Student Translations of Natural Language into Logic: The Grade Grinder Translation Corpus Release 1.0 (Dave Barker-Plummer, Richard Cox and Robert Dale); (9) Instructional Factors Analysis: A Cognitive Model For Multiple Instructional Interventions (Min Chi, Kenneth Koedinger, Geoff Gordon, Pamela Jordan and Kurt Vanlehn); (10) The Simple Location Heuristic is Better at Predicting Students Changes in Error Rate Over Time Compared to the Simple Temporal Heuristic (A.F. Nwaigwe and K.R. Koedinger); (11) Items, skills, and transfer models: which really matters for student modeling? (Y. Gong and J.E. Beck); (12) Avoiding Problem Selection Thrashing with Conjunctive Knowledge Tracing (K.R. Koedinger, P.I. Pavlik Jr., J. Stamper, T. Nixon and S. Ritter); (13) Less is More: Improving the Speed and Prediction Power of Knowledge Tracing by Using Less Data (Bahador Nooraei, Zachary Pardos, Neil T. Heffernan and Ryan S.J.D. Baker); (14) Analysing frequent sequential patterns of collaborative learning activity around an interactive tabletop (R. Martinez Maldonado, K. Yacef, Judy Kay, A. Kharrufa and A. Al-Qaraghuli); (15) Acquiring Item Difficulty Estimates: a Collaborative Effort of Data and Judgment (K. Wauters, P. Desmet and W. Van Den Noortgate); (16) Spectral Clustering in Educational Data Mining (Shubhendu Trivedi, Zachary A. Pardos, Gabor Sarkozy and Neil T. Heffernan); (17) Does Time Matter? Modeling the Effect of Time with Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (Yumeng Qiu, Yingmei Qi, Hanyuan Lu, Zachary Pardos and Neil Heffernan); (18) Learning classifiers from a relational database of tutor logs (Jack Mostow, Jose Gonzalez-Brenes and Bao Hong Tan); (19) A Framework for Capturing Distinguishing User Interaction Behaviors in Novel Interfaces (S. Kardan and C. Conati); (20) How to Classify Tutorial Dialogue? Comparing Feature Vectors vs. Sequences (Jose Gonzalez-Brenes, Jack Mostow and Weisi Duan); (21) Automatically Detecting a Students Preparation for Future Learning: Help Use is Key (Ryan S.J.D. Baker, Sujith M. Gowda and Albert T. Corbett); (22) Ensembling Predictions of Student Post-Test Scores for an Intelligent Tutoring System (Zachary A. Pardos, Sujith M. Gowda, Ryan S.J.D. Baker and Neil T. Heffernan); (23) Improving Models of Slipping, Guessing, and Moment-By-Moment Learning with Estimates of Skill Difficulty (Sujith M. Gowda, Jonathan P. Rowe, Ryan S.J.D. Baker, Min Chi and Kenneth R. Koedinger); (24) A Method for Finding Prerequisites Within a Curriculum (Annalies Vuong, Tristan Nixon and Brendon Towle); (25) Estimating Prerequisite Structure From Noisy Data (Emma Brunskill); (26) What can closed sets of students and their marks say? (Dmitry Ignatov, Serafima Mamedova, Nikita Romashkin, and Ivan Shamshurin); (27) How university entrants are choosing their department? Mining of university admission process with FCA taxonomies (Nikita Romashkin, Dmitry Ignatov and Elena Kolotova); (28) What's an Expert? Using learning analytics to identify emergent markers of expertise through automated speech, sentiment and sketch analysis (Marcelo Worsley and Paulo Blikstein); (29) Using Logistic Regression to Trace Multiple Subskills in a Dynamic Bayes Net (Yanbo Xu and Jack Mostow); (30) Monitoring Learners Proficiency: Weight Adaptation in the Elo Rating System (K. Wauters, P. Desmet and W. Van Den Noortgate); (31) Modeling students activity in online discussion forums: a strategy based on time series and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (G. Cobo, D. Garcia, E. Santamaria, J.A. Moran, J. Melenchon and C. Monzo); (32) Prediction of Perceived Disorientation in Online Learning Environment with Random Forest Regression (Gokhan Akcapinar, Erdal Cosgun and Arif Altun); (33) Analysing Student Spatial Deployment in a Computer Laboratory (Vladimir Ivancevic, Milan Celikovic and Ivan Lukovic); (34) Predicting School Failure Using Data Mining (C. Marquez-Vera, C. Romero and S. Ventura); (35) A Dynamical System Model of Microgenetic Changes in Performance, Efficacy, Strategy Use and Value during Vocabulary Learning (P. Pavlik Jr. and S. Wu); (36) Desperately Seeking Subscripts: Towards Automated Model Parameterization (J. Mostow, Y. Xu and M. Munna); (37) Automatic Generation of Proof Problems in Deductive Logic (B. Mostafavi, T. Barnes and M. Croy); (38) Comparison of Traditional Assessment with Dynamic Testing in a Tutoring System (Mingyu Feng, Neil T. Heffernan, Zachary A. Pardos and Cristina Heffernan); (39) Evaluating a Bayesian Student Model of Decimal Misconceptions (G. Goguadze, S. Sosnovsky, S. Isotani and B. Mclaren); (40) Exploring user data from a game-like math tutor: a case study in causal modeling (D. Rai and J. E. Beck); (41) Goal Orientation and Changes of Carelessness over Consecutive Trials in Science Inquiry (A. Hershkovitz, R.S.J.D. Baker, J. Gobert and M. Wixon); (42) Towards improvements on domain-independent measurements for collaborative assessment (Antonio R. Anaya and Jesus G. Boticario); (43) A Java desktop tool for mining Moodle data (R. Pedraza-Perez, C. Romero and S. Ventura); (44) Using data mining in a recommender system to search for learning objects in repositories (A. Zapata-Gonzalez, V.H. Menendez, M.E. Prieto-Mendez and C. Romero); (45) E-learning Web Miner: A data mining application to help instructors involved in virtual courses (Diego Garcia-Saiz and M.E. Zorrilla Pantaleon); (46) Computerized Coding System for Life Narratives to Assess Students' Personality Adaption (Q. He, B.P. Veldkamp and G.J. Westerhof); (47) Partially Observable Sequential Decision Making for Problem Selection in an Intelligent Tutoring System (Emma Brunskill and Stuart Russell); (48) Mining Teaching Behaviors from Pedagogical Surveys (J. Barracosa and C. Antunes); (49) Variable Construction and Causal Modeling of Online Education Messaging Data: Initial Results (S. Fancsali); (50) The Hospital Classrooms Environments Challenge (Carina Gonzalez and Pedro A. Toledo); (51) Combining study of complex network and text mining analysis to understand growth mechanism of communities on SNS (Osamu Yamakawa, Takahiro Tagawa, Hitoshi Inoue, Koichi Yastake and Takahiro Sumiya); (52) Logistic Regression in a Dynamic Bayes Net Models Multiple Subskills Better! (Yanbo Xu and Jack Mostow); (53) Studying problem-solving strategies in the early stages of learning programming (E. Cambranes-Martinez and J. Good); (54) Brick: Mining Pedagogically Interesting Sequential Patterns (Anjo Anjewierden, Hannie Gijlers, Nadira Saab and Robert De Hoog); (55) Intelligent evaluation of social knowledge building using conceptual maps with MLN (L. Moreno, C.S. Gonzalez, R. Estevez and B. Popescu); (56) Identifying Influence Factors on Students Success by Subgroup Discovery (F. Lemmerich, M. Ifland and F. Puppe); (57) Analyzing University Data for Determining Student Profiles and Predicting Performance (D. Kabakchieva, K. Stefanova and V. Kisimov); (58) The EDM Vis Tool (Matthew Johnson, Michael Eagle, Leena Joseph and Tiffany Barnes); (59) Towards Modeling Forgetting and Relearning in ITS: Preliminary Analysis of ARRS Data (Y. Wang and N.T. Heffernan); (60) Quality Control and Data Mining Techniques Applied to Monitoring Scaled Scores (A.A. Von Davier); (61) eLAT: An Exploratory Learning Analytics Tool for Reflection and Iterative Improvement of Technology Enhanced Learning (A.L. Dyckhoff, D. Zielke, M.A. Chatti and U. Schroeder); (62) Predicting graduate-level performance from undergraduate achievements (J. Zimmermann, K.H. Brodersen, J.-P. Pellet, E. August and J.M. Buhmann); (63) Mining Assessment and Teaching Evaluation Data of Regular and Advanced Stream Students (Irena Koprinska); (64) Investigating Usage of Resources in LMS with Specific Association Rules (A. Merceron); (65) Towards Parameter-Free Data Mining: Mining Educational Data with "yacaree" (Jose L. Balcazar, Diego Garcia-Saiz and Marta E. Zorrilla); (66) Factors Impacting Novice Code Comprehension in a Tutor for Introductory Computer Science (Leigh Ann Sudol-DeLyser and Jonathan Steinhart); (67) Investigating the Transitions between Learning and Non-learning Activities as Students Learn Online (P.S. Inventado, R. Legaspi, M. Suarez and M. Numao); (68) Learning parameters for a knowledge diagnostic tools in orthopedic surgery (S. Lalle and V. Luengo); (69) Problem Response Theory and its Application for Tutoring (P. Jarusek and R. Pelanek); and (70) Towards Better Understanding of Transfer in Cognitive Models of Practice (Michael V. Yudelson, Philip I. Pavlik, Jr. and Kenneth R. Koedinger). Individual papers contain tables, figures, footnotes and references.

In the past eleven years we have developed several papers for ASCUE about hybrid classes. The initial paper we shared our experience developing a hybrid course and followed with comparisons of student opinions about face-to-face, hybrid, and online classes and finally a paper reviewing components that we were using in hybrid and online classes. It has been eight years since we last addressed the topic, in that time, we have gone from using no online classes and limited use of hybrid courses to relying on their availability in order to deliver our BS program in Computer and Information Technology (CIT) to three sites in Purdue Polytechnic statewide locations. In this paper we would like to take a look at where we have come in the last eleven years. We also would like to compare the methods of instruction: face-to-face, hybrid, and online, is one method more successful than others, how do students feel about the methods of instruction? We know the students are unique and those different types of course delivery may appeal to different people. With that in mind, we will look into the students who prefer which environment and why. Finally, if you are teaching a hybrid or online class what can be done in the classroom to be successful. [For the full proceedings, see ED596991.]

COVID-19 presented a challenge to the traditional methods of teaching programming and robotics in a secondary school environment. When campuses were closed around the world in the spring of 2020, it was not possible for students to access the computer labs nor the robotics equipment that was traditionally used to facilitate the instruction of robotics programming units. This paper presents a design research project in which two secondary institutions in Canada and Turkey collaborated to teach computer science and robotics programming, specifically reinforcement learning, through the use of an online simulation environment. The two student cohorts in the study both were successful in developing reinforcement learning models for autonomous vehicles, despite not having any prior experience in machine learning nor artificial intelligence. The implications of this work are that physical robotics kits and dedicated robotics spaces are not essential to the teaching of programming and robotics. This is especially relevant to marginalized communities that do not have the resources to support robotics instruction, further exacerbating the digital divide.

This paper aims to propose a framework to improve the quality in teaching and learning in order to develop good practices to train professionals in the career of computer engineering science. To demonstrate the progress and achievements, our work is based on two principles for the formation of professionals, one based on the model of learning skills and the second on the model of convergence in information technology and communication (ICT) (Bradley, 2005). In this paper, the results are the validation of the graduation profile as part of the process of self-assessment and the internal strategies of the learning community that allowed to achieve the career validation for five years (2015-2020). [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

At present, in the literature that is are devoted to social life, it has become commonplace to claim that we live in the era of the "digital revolution". Our paper deals with computer science in the period from the late 40's to early 60's of the twentieth century, which is considered from the point of view of "intellectual history". We concern ourselves with, in the main, two problems. First is self-consciousness of members of the computer science community in relation to other spheres of scientific and engineering-practical activity, including the question about the correlation of theoretical and applied components in the structure of the knowledge. Secondly, we tell about interactions of a new sphere of professional activity have been occurred in this period with various social practices - scientific, industrial, political and so on. Based on the texts that reflect the incipience of computer science in the West and in the Soviet Union, we reveal some features of the "philosophy" of the early period of the digital revolution in the context of the existence of two ideological systems. [For "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: Education and Language Edition (Helsinki, Finland, July 17, 2018). Book 1. Volume 1," see ED603189.]

The author has attended and presented at most ASCUE meetings since 1994, and has worked professionally in research and development, industry, military, government, business, and private and public academia--moving between computer science, software engineering, and business fields at both the undergraduate and graduate level, and even running academic computing for a few years. This paper/session will present/discuss definitions, implications, and relationships of and between the areas of computer science, software engineering, information technology, and business information systems. Included will be perspectives of the history of the past, specific needs of the present, and general directions and predictions of the future, and the implications to academia, business, and other areas. [For the full proceedings, see ED575713.]

Due to increasing digitization in all aspects of life, the demand for qualified software development professionals continues to increase. Students from underrepresented groups, such as first generation students from non-academic families, minorities, single parents and women represent an underutilized pool of untapped potential talent. The question arises as to which unique perspectives computer science graduates from underrepresented groups can bring to software development companies. In addition to programming skills, non-technical competencies, such as foreign language abilities, intercultural communication, creativity, conflict management, team-building and organizational skills are vital for success in diverse, international project teams. A large job market database for new graduates, developed for a consortium of universities in Bavaria, Germany, is analyzed using machine learning tools. Career competencies desired by recruiting companies are compared to potential advantages offered by computer science graduates from underrepresented groups. [For the complete proceedings, see ED608557.]

Effective mining of data from online submission systems offers the potential to improve educational outcomes by identifying student habits and behaviours and their relationship with levels of achievement. In particular, it may assist in identifying students at risk of performing poorly, allowing for early intervention. In this paper we investigate different methods of following the development of student behaviour throughout the semester using online submission system data, and different approaches to analysing this development. We demonstrate the application of these methods to data from a junior computer science course (N=494) and discuss their usefulness in understanding the common behavioural strategies of students in this course and how these develop over time. Finally, we draw links between behaviour in weekly coding tasks and student performance in the final exam and discuss whether these methods could be applicable midway through the semester. [For the full proceedings, see ED592609.]

Making construals is a practical approach to computing that was originally developed for and by computer science undergraduates. It is the central theme of an EU project aimed at disseminating the relevant principles to a broader audience. This involves bringing together technical experts in making construals and international experts in educational technology in organising wide-ranging learning activities. This paper, which complements the tutorial and discussion on making construals in (Beynon et al. 2015a, 2015b), documents issues that arise from this encounter. Its central argument is that making construals offers a significant new contribution to educational technology. [For the full proceedings, see ED562093.]

A quality educational experience for secondary students involves more than an acquisition of content knowledge; it entails providing students opportunities to develop a variety of thinking skills that enable integration of knowledge and the promotion of student self-directed learning outside of the classroom. One critical skill that is often underemphasized in education is computational thinking. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to discuss the parallels between the processes of computational thinking and self-regulated learning, and the corresponding implications of this integrated framework for instruction in secondary classrooms. Guiding our analysis is the premise that because computational thinking processes can be viewed as goal-directed processes, it is possible to use self-regulated learning theory as a framework for assessing and enhancing computational thinking. Secondary educators have minimal experience with teaching computational thinking in the United States, so not only is a clear definition of computational thinking necessary in the Next Generation Science Standards, it is also necessary to have a learning theory from which to structure this type of thinking. [For the full proceedings, see ED562093.]

The "doer effect" is the assertion that the amount of interactive practice activity a student engages in is much more predictive of learning than the amount of passive reading or watching video the same student engages in. Although the evidence for a doer effect is now substantial, the evidence for a causal doer effect is not as well developed. To address this, we mined data for evidence of a causal doer effect across multiple domains. We examined data from two online courses in Psychology, one in Biology, one in Statistics, and two in Information Science, applying causal discovery algorithms in Tetrad to each. Assuming that factors driving a student's choices regarding how to spend their time in an online course are temporally prior to their performance on quizzes and exams, we found evidence of a causal relationship in every domain we studied. We did not find evidence that a unique causal model held in every domain we studied, but when we estimated the size of the causal relationships in the models we found in each domain, we did find evidence in every case that doing has a much stronger quantitative effect on learning than either reading or watching video. This work may be the first EDM effort to explore the generalizability of a causal claim about learning across multiple datasets from a variety of courses and contexts of use. It makes vivid the role of causal data mining algorithms in educational research. The evidence presented furthers the case for doer effect causality, but also recommends a need for richer data with more student background and learning process variables to better isolate causal directionality without assumptions about temporal order and unmeasured confounds. [For the full proceedings, see ED593090.]

The theme of 'embodiment' has become an important approach in current mathematics education research, growing in significance from the mid-1990s onward. However terminology of 'body' and 'embodiment' is used to signal multiple, widely varying meanings in this research. Studies are grounded in a number of radically different theoretical bases, with the result that mathematics education researchers do not necessarily mean the same thing at all when they refer to 'body', 'embodiment' and 'embodied mathematics learning'. In this theoretical paper, the author offers a framework for interpreting these polysemous terms in relation to their theoretical groundings, with examples from the mathematics education literature. [For the complete proceedings, see ED597799.]

The fourth session of IT@EDU98 consisted of five papers and was chaired by Dao Huu Chi (Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). "Impacts of Information Technology in Education and Training" (Son Thanh Vuong) examines issues related to reengineering education infrastructure in the information society, including elements of effective computer science, how to partner with industry, the need for making educational structure more flexible, new possibilities in distance education, and some Web-based education experiences. "Management Changes in the Information Age" (Pattrick Tantribeau) looks at the effects on management of viewing information as a resource. "Restructuring the University for Technological Change" (Antony Bates) outlines 12 strategies for change and argues that if the new information technologies are to play a central role in university teaching, each institution needs to develop a set of strategies for change which will amount to no less than restructuring the university. "Interactive Multimedia Technology Contributing in Solving the Problem of National Education" (Tran Ha Nam) is abstracted, but the full text is not included in this proceedings volume. "Information Technology Will Transform the University" (Wm. A. Wulf) discusses changes that will occur in the university in scholarship, textbooks, libraries, teaching, the importance of place, and uncertainties. (Some papers contain references.) (SWC)

This paper discusses the indexing, collection, and maintenance processes, as well as the retrieval interface, to public digital libraries. The paper begins by briefly surveying both Internet technical report collections and World Wide Web search engines. It goes on to describe a prototype digital library, the New Zealand Digital Library for Computer Science Research. The indexing and retrieval mechanism is described, including the full-text index. The types of search provided, the indexes that are needed to support them, and the query interface through which they are made accessible are summarized. The process of building the collection, and the crucial issue of what information is stored centrally and what can remain distributed, are then discussed. The final section summarizes how the information is gathered, considers the factors that limit the size of the library, and reviews future directions for networked digital libraries. Two tables contain information on technical report indexes on the Internet and the current size of the New Zealand Digital Library for Computer Science Research. Four figures illustrate the interface and query page to the digital library, conversion from PostScript (most text missing), the prologue used to extract text from PostScript documents, and the architecture of the digital library. Contains 12 references. (DLS)

The iDREAMS project aims to reinvent Computer Science education in K-12 schools, by using game design and computational science for motivating and educating students through an approach we call Scalable Game Design, starting at the middle school level. In this paper we discuss the use of Computational Thinking Patterns as the basis for our Scalable Game Design curriculum and professional development and present results from measuring student learning outcomes using our unique Computational Thinking Pattern Analysis. (Contains 7 figures and 2 footnotes.)

Course Management Systems are becoming increasingly accepted as an effective and efficient method of course delivery. Often they are used as the principal means of web-based course delivery. In addition, many institutions are utilizing CMSs to more economically handle large sections of particular courses. However, CMSs can also be used as a valuable tool for supplementing face-to-face course instruction. Although we have used a CMS extensively in large sections of lower-level courses, we have not, until now, made a concentrated effort at examining the effect of using a CMS in our upper-level computer science programming courses. This paper will focus on the pedagogical uses of a CMS and the specific aspects of a CMS that seem to either contribute to or detract from student learning. We also explore the features we would like to employ in the future that may increase student motivation and success for our computer science students. [For complete proceedings, see ED490093.]

Computer Science and related majors have seen a decrease in enrollment across the country in recent years. While there are several theories behind why this may be the case, as educators in many areas of computing and information technology, this is a trend we should attempt to reverse. While it is true that many children are "computer literate", their knowledge of subjects actually relating to the computing sciences is often limited. The authors feel that exposing younger children (those of elementary school age) to computing topics may help to increase their interest in these subjects as they mature. Thus, they may be more likely to choose computing majors when they go to college. At the start of the 2003-2004 academic year, the officers of the authors' local ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) student chapter "brain stormed" for ideas as to how they could expand the visibility of their organization on campus and in the surrounding community. Several of their group members had worked in the past with regional and national organizations that provide educational science camps for gifted youth. It was decided that a similar event could be conducted on the authors' campus for local elementary and middle school age children. This paper discusses the specifics of the camps, including the content of the courses and how they were advertised in the community. [For complete proceedings, see ED490093.]

At a time when demand for employees with information technology (IT) skills is booming, there is a decline not only in the number of females entering this field of study in most western countries but also in the number of females taking computer courses (Nielsen, von Hellens, Wong, 2000). Moreover, the gap in computer access and training for minorities is not declining (Hoffman and Novak, 2002). However, data from Australia indicate that under-representation of women and minorities is somewhat less pronounced in programs in IT or Software Engineering than in programs in Computer Science (CS) or Computer Engineering (von Hellens and Nielson, 2000). This paper examined whether there are similar differences in the state of Georgia in the U.S. Results indicate that in Georgia there is evidence that the gender gap exists.While 58% of all undergraduates in the state are female,females account for a much smaller percent of those selecting IT, IS, or CS as their major. It appears that there is also a difference among students seeking these degrees when comparing ethnicity of these students versus the undergraduate population as a whole. IT, IS, and CS majors appear to be more diverse than the student population as a whole. This diversity appears to be greater at institutions that are not classified as research institutions. Appended is a list of institutions responding to the survey on undergraduate enrollment data and institutions failing to respond. Includes 10 tables. (Contains 14 references.) (Author/AEF)

In week-long semesters in the summers of 1997, 1998, and 1999, the 6APT (Summer Institute in Computer Science for Advanced Placement Teachers) project taught 240 high school teachers of Advanced Placement Computer Science (APCS) about gender equity in computers. Teachers were then followed through 2000. Results indicated that while teachers, did in fact increase the number of equity strategies they carried out, there was no corresponding increase in girls' enrollment in APCS courses. Speculations about the results are offered. Three major conclusions were drawn: (1) there was an increase after the 6APT experience in the percentage of computer teachers carrying out equity strategies and an increase in the number of strategies they carried out; (2) while there were changes in the numbers of students enrolled, both male and female, they were likely attributable to the change from Pascal to C++ programming language in May 1999 and not the 6APT training; and (3) the number of recruitment and retention strategies used by teachers whose female enrollment did not increase or change remained at 2.0, while those teachers who were most successful in increasing female enrollment increased the strategies they used from a mean of 1.0 to 1.5, and the number and type of strategies did not appear to be related to changes in enrollment. (Contains 32 references.) (Author/AEF)

In the spring of 1998, the Master's program in Classroom Technology at Bowling Green State University (Ohio) was granted conditional approval to grant, as part of the program, the new State of Ohio Department of Education computer/technology endorsement. This paper briefly describes Ohio's change from certification to licensure, the removal of relevant previous certificates (e.g., computer science), and the licensure/endorsement model. Further, the specifics of the computer/technology endorsement as covered in the Classroom Technology Master's program are described, as well as the process of moving from conditional to full approval (which is expected in the winter of 1999). Lastly, the recent OhioSchoolNet (a separate state agency) program of awarding novice, practitioner, and scholar technology certificates to teachers is explained in relation to the state computer/technology endorsement. (Author/AEF)

This paper presents an overview of the fundamental characteristics of the teaching and learning environment of a computer language class course designed for college-level engineering and computer science education. Characteristics include training teachers, student evaluation, learning environment, and integrating disciplines. (Contains 16 references.) (YDS)

This paper presents an overview of information technology development. The first section sets the scene, comparing the first WAN (Wide Area Network) and Intel processor to current technology. The birth of the microcomputer is described in the second section, including historical background on semiconductors, microprocessors, and the microcomputer. The creation of the Internet from 1962 to 1998 is addressed in the third section. The next section outlines where we are today, including uses for the Internet. Issues to consider related to the Internet are summarized in the fifth section, and the sixth section suggests new Internet applications. A concluding section considers the future in regard to information technology development. (MES)

This paper describes the use of Java to develop a variety of educational materials to supplement both traditional instruction and Internet-based instruction. Efforts have focused on three projects that vary in course level, content, and style of interaction. Unlike the simple Java applets on the Web, these are very sophisticated simulation environments that are at the cutting edge of Java development. The freshman Overview of Computer Science course uses a set of elaborate Java simulations in a closed lab setting where students work in small groups to explore a problem domain while the instructor circulates among them providing assistance as necessary. The Concurrency Simulator used in the sophomore level Introduction to Parallel Programming course is used for demonstration during classroom instruction and for students to complete programming assignments outside of class. The Operating Systems course uses Java applets to provide student interaction in an Internet-based course. After presenting an overview for each of these projects, the Java programming environment is discussed, including successes and problems encountered during implementation, common factors in the design of materials, measuring the educational effectiveness of the materials, and advice on the development of Java-based educational materials. (Author)

This study compared the content comprehension and logical reasoning ability in two groups of second-semester university computer science students. The control group (n=25) received instruction in a traditional lecture/discussion learning environment three days a week for nine weeks. The treatment group (n=24) met in a cooperative learning environment for the same number of hours as the control group. Each group was given a pretest and posttest to measure levels of content comprehension and logical reasoning ability. No statistically significant differences were found with regard to content comprehension or logical reasoning ability; however, the experimental (cooperative) learning group did have a significantly higher attendance rate. In addition, other qualitative differences support many previous findings on cooperative learning environments. Contains 21 references. (Author)

This study explores the parameter-related misconceptions of two college students enrolled in a Pascal programming course. Findings indicate that both students appeared to conceive a direct procedure-to-procedure linkage, with the connection being made by identically named formal parameters. Both students were able, by making seemingly innocuous adjustments to formal parameter lists, to construct correctly functioning modular programs. They were also able to correctly answer parameter-related questions as long as the questions did not provoke a conflict with their fundamental misconceptions of the parameter process. As a result, the misconceptions were hidden from the instructor and perhaps from the students themselves. The results are discussed within a constructivist framework and implications for instruction are suggested. Contains 22 references. (Author/JRH)

The typical undergraduate program in computer science includes an introduction to hardware and operating systems, file processing and database organization, data communication and networking, and programming. However, many graduates may lack the ability to integrate the concepts "learned" into a skill set and pattern of approaching problems that would enable then to fit easily into a business organization and to succeed in such an environment. This paper describes the nontechnical and non-theoretical skills necessary to survive and advance in the workplace, and suggests activities to develop those skills. General skills required in the workplace include the ability to: manage time and set priorities; work effectively as part of a team; generalize learning to various situations; manage stress; communicate effectively; and support ideas and problem solutions. "Computer" skills required in the workplace include: logical thinking; ability to eliminate program errors; reuse software; adjust to constantly changing project specifications; and develop good design skills. To succeed in the field, students must learn how to effectively apply knowledge they learn to the real world. They must also be able to communicate ideas effectively, work with a variety of people, and expand their knowledge and skills as the field changes. (SWC)

With the explosion in information resources being developed by computer scientists, subject specialists, librarians, and commercial companies, the challenge for the information professional is to keep abreast of the most significant developments and to distill the information for a wide range of users. This paper looks at some of the developments in electronic libraries on both sides of the Atlantic and the impact on the information professional. New projects involve multimedia, hypermedia, user interfaces, and other aspects of the integration of diverse libraries, and show that methods of research are also changing. Information professionals must continually keep aware of new techniques and sources if they are to contribute to their usefulness. Intelligent agents are beginning to replicate some of the tasks which are familiar to librarians, such as current awareness, but intelligent agents can also act as a tool for the librarian. The challenge for the researcher and developer, and also for the librarian, is to make an efficient transport system for the information superhighway. Knowledge robots and 3D visualization are tools to simplify the increasingly complex and diverse information world. However, pooling skills and resources between information professionals will become ever more essential. (Contains 41 references.) (Author/SWC)

This paper presents a newly-revised information technology curriculum and an interdisciplinary curriculum which couples information systems (IS) and computer science. Discussion includes changes in teaching and learning methods; technological developments; partnerships with businesses and educational institutions; a collaborative curriculum framework for computer science and information systems, which includes problem solving, organization and system theory, information technology (database, modeling, and IS development), and information technology (computer hardware, communications, and operating systems); and an outline of the MIS/Computer Science program at Duquesne University (Pittsburgh), which entails receiving dual degrees from the School of Business and College of Liberal Arts. (Contains eight references.) (AEF)

Although women typically do as well as or better than men in the introductory computer science course at City University of New York's College of Staten Island, relatively few women even attempt it. This paper is an analysis of the transcripts of five years of computer science majors (n=626; 449 men, 177 women) at that institution. Data reveals that women are doing as well as men throughout the computer science curriculum and are outperforming them at every level of mathematics. Yet a survey of current students showed that both sexes believe that men surpass women in calculus. It is hoped that publication of this data concerning women's mathematical success and aptitude in various media will prove instrumental in persuading women to enter and remain in the computer science field. (Contains 19 references.) (Author/BEW)

In 1992, the National Research Council recommended that the computer science and engineering community should enrich its talent pool by reaching out to women and minorities, both underrepresented in the field. This paper describes four such outreach programs sponsored by the National Science Foundation's Center for Research on Parallel Computation (CRPC) at California Institute of Technology in 1994. One was a minority youth awareness program, a 2-day on-campus event for over 100 visiting Los Angeles County high school students. Its purpose was to expose young scholars to real-world uses of computers, demystifying them and previewing the challenges and rewards of computer-related careers. A summary of activities is provided. Also listed are: the 20 presentations given at the second program, a 5-day workshop for minority high school teachers; the third program consisting of a talk at the annual workshop of the Association of Departments of Computer Information Science and Engineering at Minority Institutions (ADMI), which focused on programming tools, operating systems, and the Internet; and descriptions of summer research projects in concurrent algorithm development, done by eight undergraduate women. (BEW)

This paper reports on a study involving the administration of two examinations that were designed to evaluate student knowledge in several areas of computing. The tests were given both to computer science majors and to those enrolled in computer science classes from other majors. They sought to discover whether computer science majors demonstrated greater knowledge than non-majors about traditional computer science concepts, persons and events in the history of computing, and general "literacy" with products on the commercial computing market. The tests were also developed to measure the degree to which the introductory computer science course provided high-level familiarity with the breadth of the discipline. Results indicated that computer science majors are substantially more familiar than non-majors with computing topics in general, even those topics not explicitly targeted by the curriculum. Testing also revealed that students just completing a "breadth-first" introductory computer science course did not necessarily exhibit knowledge spanning the entire breadth of computing. Seven sample test questions are provided, along with seven tables displaying test results in each section. The findings of the study may be used to develop a senior capstone course which addresses the areas of computing history, the commercial product market, and legal and ethical computing issues. (Author/BEW)

This paper describes a National Science Foundation-sponsored project at Louisiana Technological University to develop computer-based laboratories for "hands-on" introductions to major topics of computer science. The underlying strategy is to develop structured laboratory environments that present abstract concepts through the use of computer simulations. These simulations allow students to explore meaningful, but domain limited, problems that are representative of real problems solved by computer scientists and computer engineers. The laboratories focus on: spreadsheets; relational databases; data structures; graphics; the imperative, functional, and logical programming paradigms; and digital logic. Types of laboratories that are candidates for future development include finite state automata; automatic theorem proving; and machine organization and assembly language. In order to insure that the laboratory experiences are useful from a pedagogical standpoint, a rigorous evaluation program will be conducted. Pre- and posttests will be used to measure the changes in, and generalization of, problem solving abilities. Standardized instruments for measuring student attitudes will also be used. (Contains 11 references.) (AEF)

Little work has been done regarding the overall assessment of quality of computer science graduates at the undergraduate level. This paper reports on a pilot study at the University of Alabama of a prototype computer science outcomes assessment designed to evaluate the breadth of knowledge of computer science seniors. The instrument evaluated two areas: technical knowledge and knowledge of computing history and culture. The exam, which was presented to students unannounced during a regularly scheduled class meeting, consisted of 100 questions that covered the basic areas of the discipline. Results indicated: (1) graduating seniors have a degree of breadth knowledge roughly consistent with what one would expect; (2) the introductory breadth course does not provide breadth knowledge equivalent to what seniors obtain after taking several advanced depth courses, although a substantial amount of breadth material is covered in that course; and (3) students have little knowledge of computing history and culture at all levels of the curriculum. (Contains 10 references.) (Author/AEF)

Computational science includes the use of computer-based modeling and simulation to define and test theories about scientific phenomena. The challenge for educators is to develop techniques for implementing computational science in the classroom. This paper reviews some previous work on the use of simulation alone (without modeling), modeling alone (without simulation), and computer-based modeling and simulation. In addition, it describes Emile, an environment which offers software-realized scaffolding to support student modeling activities. Four figures depict a physics explorer simulation of gravity; a student's simulation created in Emile; and Emile text program components. (Contains 23 references.) (AEF)

Computer science and other computer related fields are faced with the high velocity of change in technology. Far more important than the knowledge of a particular software package is the liberal education skills that are learned in the process. This paper reviews the laboratory component of a new computer science course offered at Miami University (Ohio) that focuses on developing these skills. The liberal education objectives of the course included thinking critically, understanding contexts, engaging with other learners, and reflecting and acting. Student lab groups experimented with the computer, made hypotheses, and then conducted further, more specific experiments. They did not develop proficiency in any one package, but instead were exposed to the potentials and limitations of many. Overall, the instructors of the course were pleased with the success of the laboratories and the majority of students agreed that the laboratories were successful in achieving the liberal education goals of the course. (AEF)

This paper describes a multimedia workshop at Worcester State College (Massachusetts) organized by computer science students to give their older classmates the opportunity to gain "hands on" experience with multimedia computers. A questionnaire on the effectiveness of multimedia systems was completed by 35 older students, whose average age was 70. Five tables depict responses to survey items for: attitudes toward multimedia; physical and cognitive issues; workshop organization; future use of multimedia technology; and self-reported experience level. Overall, the older students who participated in the workshop had positive experiences with the technology. (Contains 23 references.) (AEF)

Nova University (Florida), offers off-campus undergraduate and graduate degree programs in education, business and public administration, psychology, and computer sciences. This paper describes one of these offerings, the Application of Technology to Education and Training (APTEC) specialization in the Ed.D. program in Child and Youth Studies (CYS). The APTEC program requires six courses in the specialization area and is designed to prepare the student as a child and youth advocate in the use of educational technology. Students in the CYS program meet twice a year for a 3- to 5-day period to interact with the instructor; this is followed by interaction through the audiobridge, videotapes and audiotapes, electronic mail, and the electronic classroom (an electronic forum on the Unix system). Four clusters of students are included in an ongoing evaluation that will encompass the 3-year span of the program and study its effectiveness. Results of the first evaluation year indicate that the program is successful. Appendix A contains a description of field-based programs by John Scigliano, and Appendix B describes the APTEC courses. (SLD)

The effects of previous mathematics, statistics, and computer science coursework; attitudes toward statistics and computers; and mathematics ability on statistics achievement were studied for 289 college students over 4 semesters. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the computer laboratory component of an inferential statistics class on students' end of course attitudes. Instruments were administered to determine attitudes toward statistics and computers, anxiety about statistics, algebra and mathematics skills, and biographical data. The proportion of variance in statistics achievement accounted for by the following parameters was not statistically significant: (1) attitudes toward computers; (2) attitudes toward statistics; (3) mathematics background; (4) computer science background; (5) mathematics ability; (6) statistical anxiety; and (7) Graduate Record Examination scores (available for only 83 students). Coefficient alpha reliabilities are reported for each of the scales used to measure attitudes and abilities. No statistically significant differences were found between students taught with a computer laboratory and those taught without the computer component for attitudes toward statistics, but those taught by computer exhibited more positive attitudes toward the computer and less statistical anxiety at the end of the course. Five tables present study findings. Contains 18 references. (SLD)

Using the principles of biology, along with engineering and with the help of computer, scientists manage to copy. DNA sequences from nature and use them to create new organisms. DNA is created through engineering and computer science managing to create life inside a laboratory. We cannot dismiss the role that synthetic biology could lead in solving the most pressing problems of humanity. We are using technology to control live organisms and use them as we wish. But how should that knowledge be accessed? And which way is the best way so everyone can benefit from this technology and its developments? Open sources software could be the answer. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

While many technical disciplines have reached or are moving toward gender parity in the number of bachelors degrees in those fields, the percentage of women graduating in computer science remains stubbornly low. Many recent efforts to address this situation have focused on retention of undergraduate majors or graduate students, recruiting undergraduate women into graduate programs, or appealing to girls through K12-focused experiences. Our approach focuses more specifically on recruiting women to take their first "major-track" computer science course (CS1) and strategically redeveloping that course to spur interest in computing. Our strategy for so doing is to better understand how women view computer science prior to any direct experience in college-level study, developing a woman-centered first programming course that focuses on fundamentally-sound curriculum, addressing the retention recommendations offered in other studies, and face-to-face recruiting to encourage students to register for their first course. [For full proceedings, see ED571297.]

This paper surveys approaches that are deemed practical for instructional use of radios and computers by satellite transmission. For each of the two instructional technologies a brief history is provided, a survey of the evaluation studies of effectiveness is given, and a concluding section on planning for application is provided. Because the literature on these topics is extensive, an attempt is made to select for discussion items that are deemed of special importance or of particular use to field users. The paper concluded with some general recommendations for use of either instructional radio or computer assisted instruction by means of satellite transmission. A selected bibliography is appended to the paper. (Author)

Knowledge of fundamentals of human-computer interaction resp. usability engineering is getting more and more important in technical domains. However this interdisciplinary field of work and corresponding degree programs are not broadly known. Therefore at the Hochschule Ruhr West, University of Applied Sciences, a program was developed to give teen-aged pupils insights into this area in a project-based learning environment with professional tools. Within the last 18 month this project was successfully conducted several times with participants of different age. (Contains 3 figures.) [For the complete proceedings, "Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA) (Madrid, Spain, Oct 19-21, 2012)," see ED542606.]