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2. Continuing Education and North American Society. Occasional Paper No. 1.
- Author
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Pacific Association for Continuing Education, Burnaby (British Columbia). and Fast, R. G.
- Abstract
The author defines and examines briefly continuing education as the process by which life-long educational needs of the individual and society are met, requiring new administration and community involvement. The paper also examines in outline form the societal context in which individuals which make up that society find themselves today, in terms of interdependence, rich and poor nations, and a changing occupational structure. The changes in the future are discussed in regard to health and life, environment and technology. There are individual and societal needs for continuing education that revolve around coping with the knowledge explosion; solving community problems; enriching one's life; pursuing interests; and upgrading professions, careers and jobs. In tabular form, the author explains one taxonomy of the categories of Community Service Programs and examples of such programs in Alberta. Another taxonomy dealing with self-development, community development, and program development functions is defined. The conclusion provides recommendations for effective community leadership in implementing these programs. (JB)
- Published
- 1973
3. Educational Media and Copyright; A Position Paper for Educational Media Association of Canada.
- Author
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Educational Media Association of Canada. and Davies, Derwyn
- Abstract
Two briefs presented to the Interdepartmental Committee on Copyright by the Educational Media Association of Canada are summarized in this position paper. The paper briefly re-defines the special interests that have distinctive roles in the social and cultural influences affecting education. It considers the legal framework within which these roles should be afforded copyright protection commensurate with the new technologies. (MC)
- Published
- 1971
4. EDUCATIONAL PLANNING. PAPERS OF THE INVITATIONAL CONFERENCE (TORONTO, CANADA, MARCH 20-22, 1967).
- Author
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Ontario Dept. of Education, Toronto., Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto., and WATSON, CICELY
- Abstract
THIS BOOK COMPRISES THE MAJOR PAPERS DELIVERED AT A CONFERENCE ON MARCH 20-22, 1967, SPONSORED BY THE POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, AN ADVISORY UNIT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IN ONTARIO. THE CONFERENCE WAS ATTENDED BY REPRESENTATIVE PERSONS FROM DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT, UNIVERSITIES, AND MAJOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS ACROSS CANADA. THE CONFERENCE HAD TWO OBJECTIVES--(1) TO GATHER PLANNERS AND STUDENTS OF PLANNING TO DISCUSS THE STATE OF THE ART, ITS TECHNICAL PROBLEMS, AND ITS FUTURE, AND (2) TO EXPLAIN TO CANADIAN EDUCATORS WHAT IS MEANT BY "PLANNING." FOUR OF THE PAPERS DEALT WITH NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND EMPHASIZED ONE PARTICULAR ASPECT OF PLANNING EXPERIENCE--THE ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS, THE COMPLICATIONS OF A FEDERAL SYSTEM, OR THE DATA PROBLEMS. FOUR PAPERS WERE TECHNICAL, DEALING WITH ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PLANNING AND WITH SOCIAL GOALS. SCHEMES FOR TRAINING PLANNERS WERE THE SUBJECT OF TWO PAPERS. (HW)
- Published
- 1967
5. Towards the Learning Community. Working Paper on the Community College in British Columbia.
- Author
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British Columbia Dept. of Education, Victoria.
- Abstract
This working paper is the culmination of a number of meetings of the Task Force on the Community College with people in community colleges and their communities, as well as with people in noncollege communities, to obtain views regarding the nature of community colleges and the functions that they should perform in British Columbia. Special areas of concern were the following: New college and college facilities development; college role in media/communications; continuing education; community education and development; student services; extracurricular activities; admissions policy; fee structure; worker study leave; professional development; college hiring policy; and bargaining relationships. Recommendations of the task force are made as to regions, finance, governance--council and internal--college/department of education relations, and college/university relations. Appendixes provide: a Map and Table of Present and Proposed College Regions and Lists of School Districts; Sites for May Hearings; Information Regarding Presentation of Briefs and Statements; and List of Those Who Were Contacted by or Contacted the Task Force. (DB)
- Published
- 1974
6. Canadian Adult Basic Education: An Overview. Occasional Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Pacific Association for Continuing Education, Burnaby (British Columbia). and Brooke, W. Michael
- Abstract
The paper reviews the growth of Canadian Adult Basic Education (ABE) with emphasis on the role played by the Federal government. It considers major events leading to an awareness of the disadvantaged and their inability to function adequately, without necessary opportunities and skills, in the mainstream of an industrialized society. The author describes the various Federally sponsored projects--the Technical and Vocational Training Assistance (TVTA) Act, the Basic Training for Skill Development (BTSD) Program, The Adult Occupational Training (AOT) Act, and the New Start Program. Innovations in ABE established life skills and basic literacy training and an ABE course based on individualized learning and a behavioral objectives "systems" approach. For continued effectiveness and expansion, the author emphasizes the need for active student involvement in the learning process. A bibliography is provided. (Author/JB)
- Published
- 1974
7. Exploring the TRQ: Technical Supplement. Paper No. 124.
- Author
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Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept. and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
This paper is an extended series of appendices to the report "Exploring the T.R.Q.: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Teachers' Rating Questionnaire," Report Number 123. It should be most useful to those familiar with multiple regression analysis and factor analysis and wishing a more complex record of the statistical procedures originally employed. This supplement takes a precise look at estimation of reliability coefficients from delayed retest data, indices used in evaluating theoretical distributions and analysis of the correlation matrices of the TRQ questions. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
8. Trimming the TRQ. (Revised Forms of the TRQ for Toronto Use). Paper No. 125.
- Author
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Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wright, E.N, and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
This paper is part 3 of Research Department Report Number 123, "Exploring the T.R.Q.: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Teachers' Rating Questionnaire," which gave questionnaire users information necessary to tailor the instrument to their own needs. Retention of TRQ questions which generated good distributions of teacher ratings and which were nonredundant in relationship to other questions resulted in a standard form suitable for general applications. This supplement presents information about item selection along with a complete set of the four TRQ administration booklets as revised for (1) kindergarten, (2) grade 1, (3) grade 2, and (4) grade 3+. (Author)
- Published
- 1974
9. School Division Planning in an Era of Declining Enrollments. Occasional Paper No. 19.
- Author
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Manitoba Association of School Trustees, Winnipeg. and Coleman, Peter
- Abstract
This paper proposes that a more flexible approach to the development of teaching groups, accompanied by the necessary changes in staff and facility utilization, would help solve problems arising from declining enrollments in elementary schools. Such problems presently occur in many elementary schools in Western Canada. The problems of educational planners in dealing with declining enrollments are examined in terms of school organization, staff utilization, and the utilization of facilities. Proposals especially appropriate for elementary schools with less than 150 students in eight grades are illustrated in four models for classroom grouping. Two models assume that teachers can develop teachable groups and a variety of activities; that students can benefit from extensive individualization of curriculums and changeable groupings; and that school facilities can be modified to allow for a variety of groupings. Two other models are more traditional, suitable for schools whose physical structures are not easily changed. Implementation of these proposals could improve the quality of education in areas of declining enrollment, while keeping costs down. (Author)
- Published
- 1973
10. Agricultural Teaching: Papers Presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Agricultural Teaching. Washington, D. C., November 11, 1913. Bulletin, 1914, No. 27. Whole Number 601
- Author
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Department of the Interior, United States Bureau of Education (ED)
- Abstract
The purpose of the American Association for the Advancement of Agricultural Teaching, as stated in its constitution, is "to promote the teaching of agriculture and to devise ways and means for increasing the efficiency of such instruction in elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities." The time is opportune perhaps for discussing what ought to be the immediate policy of the association in putting its purpose into effect. One matter has already been settled. It has been agreed that for the present efforts shall be centered principally upon promoting the teaching of agriculture in the secondary schools, by devising ways and means of making that teaching more efficient. One who has marked the recent multiplication in the number of secondary schools attempting to teach agriculture can not but commend restriction of attention to the important problems which these schools present. Appended are: (1) 1913 summer practicum (home project) work of the University of Minnesota Northwest School of Agriculture, Crookston, Minn; (2) Students' reports on 1912 and 1913 summer practicum work at Crookston, Minn; (3) Use of land by high schools teaching agriculture. Returns for school year 1911-12; (4) The cooperative use of equipment and illustrative material in teaching agriculture; and (5) Massachusetts State-aided vocational agricultural education-- Examples of the income of pupils from farm work during attendance at school in 1913. [Best copy available has been provided.]
- Published
- 1914
11. A Comparative Study of Sabbatical Leave Practices in Selected Commonwealth and U.S. Universities. Paper No. OIR-30.
- Author
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McMaster Univ., Hamilton (Ontario)., Booth, Sheelagh C., and Higbee, Eliot C.
- Abstract
Sabbatical leaves are viewed as being essential to the ongoing nature of a self-renewing community of scholars. This study was undertaken to provide data on current use of sabbatical leave plans in universities in several countries - Canada; the United States; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales; Australia, and New Zealand - to provide useful information for possible revision of leave plans. Sixty-six universities were surveyed by means of a questionnaire and the results revealed similarities among the four groups of countries regarding the length of service prior to leave (generally 6 years); differences among the four groups, including the use of retraining leaves as a form of sabbatical; salary paid during regular sabbatical leave; and travel expenses. The conclusions drawn from the data are that Canadian leave plans are not nearly as uniform as those in United States universities; Canadian plans have become more formalized and better documented since 1969; salary paid for full-year leaves in Canadian universities has improved since 1969 and is now substantially better than in the United States, but not as good as in Australia and New Zealand; and participation rates in all countries appear to be higher than those reported prior to 1965 by Ingraham. (JMF)
- Published
- 1974
12. Collective Bargaining for Academic Staff: An Overview. Paper No. OIR-32.
- Author
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McMaster Univ., Hamilton (Ontario)., Semeniuk, S. F., Semeniuk, S. F., and McMaster Univ., Hamilton (Ontario).
- Abstract
The nature and status of collective bargaining by faculty in colleges and universities in both the United States and Canada are reviewed. The growth patterns for collective negotiation in both countries and the causal factors for faculty unions are contrasted. The use of collective bargaining in higher education raises issues, including the determination of bargaining principles; determination of who should be included in the bargaining unit definition; the effect of the principle of exclusivity of bargaining rights on the agreement; and the resolution of bargaining impasses, grievance procedures and arbitration. Contents of contracts that are specifically related to higher education are discussed including governance, personnel policies, and academic provisions for faculty responsibilities and functions. (JMF)
- Published
- 1974
13. Organizing for Life-Long Learning. Occasional Paper No. 2.
- Author
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Pacific Association for Continuing Education, Burnaby (British Columbia).
- Abstract
The statement reflects Canada's growing interest in adult education. Lifelong learning is viewed as necessary for coping with a complex and rapidly changing society and additional benefits of adult education can be seen in terms of cost benefits and the use of existing educational structures. Social factors influencing the need for adult learning opportunities include the knowledge explosion, computer technology, and the trend away from strictly youth-oriented schooling. Five areas of individual need are: pursuit of life-long interests; professional, vocational, and career upgrading; coping with the information explosion; identifying and resolving community problems; and life enrichment. Canadian citizens and provincial educators are indicating more interest in adult education. Many feel that the concept could better be served by a restructured Department of Education with support and coordinating services for an adult education program; cooperative action at regional and community levels through decentralization, already begun in the province; and by new methods of need assessment, coordination and delivery of services. Appended are: a Canadian policy for continuing education; adult education in British Columbia; and tables illustrating growth of adult education in British Columbia. (MDW)
- Published
- 1974
14. Exploring the T.R.Q. An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Teachers' Rating Questionnaire. Paper No. 123.
- Author
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Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wyman, W.C, and Wright, E.N
- Abstract
This report assesses the validity, reliability, and efficiency of the Teachers' Rating Questionnaire (TRQ), a pupils' school success measure developed in connection with a 1961 longitudinal Study of Achievement. TRQ ratings on nearly 14,000 pupils, gathered in the Study of Achievement and a New Canadian Report, constituted the data source. Questionnaire performance was determined in a variety of ways: comparison of teachers' ratings and student promotions estimation of TRQ total score, section and question reliability; grade independence; and relationships between TRQ sections. In addition to a theoretical discussion of item effectiveness and correlations among items a detailed statistical analysis was undertaken of the ratings for a sample of students who had been assessed on all forms in the longitudinal study. While validity of TRQ adjustment and creative-expression sections was not directly demonstrated, a reasonable degree of correlation with other measures of academic success (standardized achievement test, I.Q., promotios) was found reflecting the overall validity of the TRQ, especially the performance section. A large part of the differences between any two sets of TRQ ratings were found due to differences in teacher interpretation and their perceptions of pupils. (Author/BJG)
- Published
- 1974
15. Cinematographic Institutions. A Report by the International Film and Television Council (IFTC). Reports and Papers on Mass Communication Number 68.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Dept. of Mass Communication.
- Abstract
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) entrusted to the International Film and Television Council (IFTC) the task of collecting documentation on world cinematographic organizations, in order to provide developing nations with information useful to the establishment of similar services adopted to their particular needs. The IFTC's study focuses upon institutions of a public nature whose objective is to promote the cinema and its applications to education, science and culture. The nature and function of the cinema are discussed, along with the kinds of audiences aimed at, the stages of operations involved in making films, and the types of institutions which carry on these operations. Information is provided on particular institutions which are responsible for specific categories of films--such as educational, scientific, and children's films--and for different stages of film production. The final major section explores examples--drawn from India, Canada, Sweden, Britain, France and Poland--of centralized national cinematographic institutions with inclusive functions. Seventeen appendixes provide additional details about aspects of cinema. (PB)
- Published
- 1973
16. Teacher Turnover in School Divisions and Districts in Manitoba, 1971-107972. Occasional Paper No. 15.
- Author
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Manitoba Association of School Trustees, Winnipeg. and Coleman, Peter
- Abstract
A survey of 58 senior school administrators was conducted to test opinions commonly held in Manitoba regarding teacher turnover. Among the opinions tested were a) that teacher turnover is presently declining rapidly, b) that few tenured teachers are released, and c) that it is becoming increasingly difficult for newly qualified teachers to obtain positions. Results indicated that turnover was minimal and that nontenured teachers were released at a 7 to 1 ratio to tenured teachers. Conclusions were drawn that indicated a) that although the province is reaching an oversupply of teachers, turnover is not dropping sharply; b) that tenure is serving to ensure a less competent teaching force; and c) that new graduates will be less and less needed in the future. (Three tables of data and three appendixes describing the questionnaire forms are included.) (JB)
- Published
- 1972
17. Man in the North Technical Paper. Education in the Canadian North, Three Reports: 1971-1972.
- Author
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Arctic Inst. of North America, Montreal (Quebec). and Brown, Doug
- Abstract
The 3 research topics examined in this report are identified as crucially important by the 1970 Man in the North Inuvik Conference. Eskimo, Indian, and Metis residents of the North comprise 2/3 of the conference participants. The first 2 reports are on applied research projects, the first dealing with some practical ways to apply the concept of community-guided education, the second with training northern native teachers. The third report is a study of southern teacher preparation for professional teaching in the North. Three conclusions appear most significant for the present stage of northern education: (1) while official directives concerning northern education seem to be promising, very often they lack comprehension from the administrators, the teaching staffs, and concerned populations; (2) local committees must have well-defined responsibilities in the selection, hiring, transfer, and dismissal of teachers; and (3) efforts to post native teachers to the elementary grades should not exclude new and imaginative formulas that depart from the sempiternal tendency to accommodate northern elementary teacher training to the already existing standards and procedures of the South. (HBC)
- Published
- 1973
18. Empirical Transition Matrices. Educational Planning Occasional Papers No. 6/71.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. Dept. of Educational Planning., Tracz, G. S., and O'Mahony, J. T.
- Abstract
This monograph is concerned with the uses to which an individualized student information system could be put for obtaining valuable insights into the progress of a variety of students through the educational system. In chapter 1, the concepts and terminology required for an understanding of transition matrixes are introduced, and a mathematical derivation of the basic flow equations and their matrix formulations is provided. Chapter 2 contains a numerical example of the applications of empirical transition matrix methods to the flows within two Ontario colleges of applied arts and technology, and chapter 3 discusses the benefits, limitations, and possible extensions of the method. (Author/RA)
- Published
- 1971
19. Living Room Learning in British Columbia. Occasional Papers in Continuing Education.
- Author
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British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Center for Continuing Education. and Buttedahl, Knute
- Abstract
In the late 1950's and early 1960's an ongoing program in liberal arts was introduced using the study - discussion method, popularly known as Living Room Learning. The purposes of the groups were to draw basic information from specially prepared reading and audio-visual materials and to stimulate participants to think better for themselves through discussion. Discussion leaders were community volunteers trained in special workshops. Meetings were held in private homes in the community for eight to twelve sessions of about two hours. Groups averaged sixteen to eighteen participants. The program grew with funding and other support until it serviced annually over 1,500 participants in 77 British Columbia communities on an annual budget of $25,000. The program was discontinued when the University sponsor ruled that Extension Programs must be self-supporting. An effort to reintroduce the program at a later date was short-lived. An 11-item bibliography is included. (SC)
- Published
- 1973
20. THE UNIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY SERVICE. PAPER DELIVERED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES OF CANADA (MONTREAL, OCTOBER 30-NOVEMBER 3, 1967).
- Author
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ROSS, MURRAY G.
- Abstract
THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY SERVICE AFFECTS THE CHARACTER OF THE WHOLE UNIVERSITY--THE NUMBER AND KIND OF STUDENTS, VARIETY OF FACULTIES, FOCUS OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS, AND THE PACE AND NATURE OF THE UNIVERSITY'S GROWTH. TRADITIONAL GERMAN EMPHASIS ON RESEARCH AND GRADUATE WORK AND BRITISH EMPHASIS ON THE STUDENT AND TEACHING, WHILE STILL EVIDENT IN THE MODERN UNIVERSITY, HAVE BEEN DOMINATED BY A THIRD EMPHASIS, THE AMERICAN CONCERN WITH SERVING THE NEEDS OF A RAPIDLY DEVELOPING DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY, WHICH HAS CULMINATED IN THE MULTIVERSITY. THE PREVAILING ATTITUDE WHICH PUTS COMMUNITY SERVICE AT THE HEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY'S OBJECTIVES IMPLIES THE PARTIAL SURRENDER OF THE COMMITMENT TO DISPASSIONATE OBJECTIVITY, SCHOLARSHIP, AND INTELLECTUAL GROWTH WHICH HAS MADE THE UNIVERSITY A TRULY CREATIVE AGENT IN SOCIETY. ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE KINDS OF SERVICES WHICH THE UNIVERSITY IS UNIQUELY EQUIPPED TO RENDER ARE THEORETICAL STUDIES AND PURE RESEARCH, THE RECRUITMENT OF ABLE STUDENTS, THE EDUCATION OF ADULTS, IMPROVEMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, AND EXPANSION OF GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES. THESE ACTIVITIES ARE INDIGENOUS TO THE UNIVERSITY AND ARE LIKELY TO PROVE OF IMMENSE VALUE TO THE COMMUNITY. (AJ)
- Published
- 1967
21. The Problems of Post-Secondary Education for Manitoba Indians and Metis. Staff Background Paper, January 1973.
- Author
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Manitoba Task Force on Post-Secondary Education. and Balfour, Margaret
- Abstract
The standard models of post-secondary education in Manitoba, Canada, historically have not met the special needs and problems of the American Indian and Metis populations. Broadly speaking, the academic qualifications of Canada Natives must be raised to a much higher level in terms of vocational, general, and professional training; thus equipped, Canada Natives must create their own job opportunities at the community level so they can become masters of their own socioeconomic destiny. In view of the gross lack of opportunity for basic skill development, education for entry into professional careers, and the inacessability of rural communities, it is suggested that: brochures and calendars regarding post-secondary education be distributed in rural areas; basic literacy and/or skill development courses be promoted in the rural areas; information re: adult education courses be thoroughly disseminated; literate Native people be encouraged financially to act as tutors to others. In view of the socioeconomic disadvantages and the general disorientation of Indians and Metis living in urban areas, it is suggested that: programs for mature students entering the university be made more flexible via an orientation academic year; special optional courses be made to fit the needs of Native communities; a university extension facility be provided in the North; business administration and the arts and sciences be promoted for Native people. (JC)
- Published
- 1973
22. Means & Ends in Education. Comments on Living and Learning. Occasional Papers 2.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. and Crittenden, Brian
- Abstract
This collection of 10 working papers is designed to contribute to analysis of issues and appraisal of recommendations in "Learning and Living: The Report of the Provincial Committee on Aims and Objectives of Education in the Schools of Ontario," the 1968 "Hall-Dennis report" commissioned to develop aims and objectives and to propose means by which they might be achieved. An introduction points up themes and issues in the papers, each by an educator at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. The first six, which view the report as a whole, are (1) a comparison of Hall-Dennis with the 1950 Hope Commission report, (2) a critique of the report's style of argument: its use of slogans, (3) a discussion of the need for more explicit objectives more useful in the evaluation of learning, (4) an argument that the Hall-Dennis aims are not stated as ends and thus are not attainable by the process of schooling, (5) a sociologist's exploration of the means of developing and applying Hall-Dennis principles through "participatory education", and (6) an analysis praising the report's vision but criticizing its proposed means. Others concentrate on particular sections or topics discussing (1) implications for education evaluation; (2) evidence that bears on the education of handicapped children; (3) the concept of modeling, learning by imitation, and its application to Hall-Dennis themes, and (4) the financial cost of implementation. (JS)
- Published
- 1969
23. On the University-Community Symbiosis. Occasional Papers in Continuing Education. Number 5.
- Author
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British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Center for Continuing Education. and Thomas, Alan M.
- Abstract
As university institutions have grown, the university and community relationship has again become obscure and troubling. Today, no one has to defend the thesis that adults can learn. We have turned our attention to how, when, and at what price. Over the last twenty years, postsecondary education has witnessed a shift from elite to mass education. Adult public education, mostly of a remedial nature, was largely a failure prior to the mid-fifties. But by that time in Canada and the U.S., the private sector (industry, armed services, etc.) had created teaching and learning systems that sometimes dwarfed the public sector in scope, results, and costs. During this same period, the mistaken view of education as an investment was accepted and transmitted to developing countries. What has been thrown into perspective now is the distinction between learning and education and how the two are related. Education, a social endeavor, is the way society responds to the capacity of its members to learn. The Canadian university must create its own community not identified by a single place, the student's age, or the instructional process. It must cease to evaluate conventional students for society. The university should focus on where, how, why, and what learning is taking place. (CSS)
- Published
- 1971
24. Two Papers on Canadian Indians; Education and Economic Development: The Case of Indian Reserves in Canada. [and] The Capitalization of a Traditional Pursuit: The Case of Wild Rice in Manitoba. Center for Settlement Studies, Series 5: Occasional Papers Nos. 5 and 6.
- Author
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Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg. Center for Settlement Studies., Deprez, Paul, Lithman, Yngve Georg, Deprez, Paul, Lithman, Yngve Georg, and Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg. Center for Settlement Studies.
- Abstract
The first paper aims to give a certain relativity to the significance of education and to indicate the limitations of any educational effort. The thinking underlying the current approach to the economic development of native communities and reserves is discussed as well as the implications and consequences of such thinking. It is argued that the success of any educational effort depends on the overall employment situation at the level of the reserve or at any level for that matter. Utilizing the concept of a "natural resource system", which combines the analysis of ecological, economic, and social variables into a coherent framework, the second article delineates the process that changed wild rice from a subsistence staple crop to what will be a heavily capitalized agricultural industry. It is shown that the Indians, who were the original exploiters of this natural resource, have lost more and more of their control over the economic activity, and that this diminishing control is not due to any cultural inabilities on the part of the Indians. Rather it is shown that the Euro-Americans have assumed more and more control over wild rice because of the vast financial institutions which have encouraged this development, from the Hudson's Bay Company in earlier days to major food industries today. It is argued that the "developments" in the wild rice industry are in fact detrimental to the interests of the Indian population, and that the changes in this industry in effect contribute to the development of underdevelopment on Indian reserves. (AUTHOR/NQ)
- Published
- 1973
25. Papers and Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Midwest History of Education Society (7th, Chicago, Illinois, October 27-28, 1972).
- Author
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Midwest History of Education Society, Cedar Falls, IA. and Rutkowski, Edward
- Abstract
The first journal publication of the Midwest History of Education Society contains papers presented at its 1972 annual meeting and three papers on Canadian education. "University Extension in the United States, 1885-1915" (G. M. Woytanowitz) defines the U.S. origins of the university extension as an adult education agency. "She Could Always Teach" (K. H. Kamin) examines the historical impact of this attitude on women, the evolution of the teaching profession, and the social implications for women who did teach. "The Revolutions of 1968: A Neo-Hegelian View" (R. E. Mason) considers whether the Neo-Hegelian perspective developed by Herbert Marcuse can be attributed to the student unrest of 1964-1971 in the United States, France, and Germany. "A Critique of Lawrence Cremin's American Education: The Colonial Experience 1607-1783 and Its Adaptability In History of American Education Courses" (S. S. Cohen) reviews the book's organization and themes and discusses its use as a textbook. "Amos Bronson Alcott: Transcendental Educator" (D. B. Ripley) reviews the teaching innovations and educational philosophy introduced by Alcott in Connecticut Schools. These innovations included the physical design of the classroom, the choice of textbooks and library books, and the introduction of physical education. "Education and Industrial Skills: Changing Conceptions of the Role of Public Schooling, 1865--1900" (B. E. McClellan) discusses the introduction of manual training in the U.S. educational system. The first paper on Canadian education, "John Strachan: A Controversial Figure" (C. H. Gross), is a biographical study of the first Anglican Bishop of Toronto who promoted religious instruction in schools, especially at the university level. "American Influence on Progressive Education in Canada" (R. S. Patterson) discusses how progressive educational reform measures were introduced to Canadian educators. "Education and Multilingualism in Manitoba" (K. Wilson) discusses the effects of the Laurier-Greenway Compromise's bilingual clause and the establishment of the 1967 Public Schools Act. The program and business meeting's minutes are included. (DJC)
- Published
- 1973
26. Planning Educational Expenditures: Toward a More Precise Determination of Teacher Costs. Educational Planning Occasional Papers No. 73/74-1.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto., Tracz, G. S., and Burtnyk, W. A.
- Abstract
The authors provide a brief description of Teacher Cost Models--a computerized mathematical model that allows educational officials, using a specified set of input information, to forecast the provincial (or regional) teacher wage-bill at the operating level (1-year) and multi-year planning level (five years). The model has been successfully implemented for the province of Ontario. All software systems and technical documentation related to its operation have been completed. The paper discusses the conceptualization and design of the model and lists some of its more significant applications. There follows a brief discussion of the requirements necessary for implementation in other provinces or similar educational jurisdictions. A detailed sample problem simulating various given policy/environment conditions is used for illustration. (Authors)
- Published
- 1973
27. Enseignement Bilingue: Problemes Souleves par la Preparation d'un Materiel Pedagogique pour des Franco-Ontariens (Bilingual Education: Problems Raised by the Preparation of Teaching Materials for Franco-Ontarians). Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 1.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. Bilingual Education Project., Cooke, David, and Lamerand, Raymond
- Abstract
This paper reports on a program developed to prepare teaching materials for the instruction of French to adolescents who have French as a native language but no longer speak French at home. A principal goal is to create situations that will inspire students to communicate in French, and to avoid purely academic exercises. Since students tend to express themselves by means of an intermediate language, whether they are learning French or English, the program is oriented towards learning language as a medium of communication. This places the emphasis on the acquisition of concepts and communicative competence rather than on a flawless command of the grammar and the vocabulary. This program is characterized by the integration of both linguistic and paralinguistic factors that favor communication in the language learning process. (Author/CLK)
- Published
- 1973
28. Canadian Universities and Colleges. Amended Version. Reference Papers. No. 106.
- Author
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Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario). Information Div. Dept. of External Affairs.
- Abstract
This paper on Canadian universities and colleges presents information on the historical background, financing of higher education, provincial developments since 1969, national and international aspects, the control and government of institutions, teaching staffs, types of institutions, admission requirements, and student costs. Two systems of higher education have developed in Canada reflecting the two major cultural traditions. One system retains French characteristics; the other system was designed according to English, Scottish, and United States practices. A small third group of institutions offers instruction in both French and English. Each Canadian province is responsible for the establishment and administration of education within its own boundaries, since there is no federal ministry of education. The federal government is responsible only for the education of Indians and Eskimos, inmates, and the military. The federal government does contribute to the costs of higher education. Studies conducted by national organizations concerning higher education are cited. Each province has its curriculum and awards its certificates of completion of secondary-school studies. Canadian universities have individual admission requirements based on certificates awarded in the province, but all treat the certificate of their provinces as approximately equivalent. Appendices include a description of degree-granting universities and colleges in 1973 by province, excluding those granting degrees in theology only; a list of some Canadian higher education student service and academic organizations; and a bibliography of key documents in Canadian higher education. (SW)
- Published
- 1974
29. Estimation of Teacher Salary Schedules. Educational Planning Occasional Papers No. 6/72.
- Author
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. Dept. of Educational Planning. and Burtnyk, W. A.
- Abstract
This paper describes the method used by Tracz and Burtnyk for the estimation of future salary schedules in the Ontario secondary school system. The application of the algorithm to the Ontario secondary school system predicts a possible breakdown in the fixed step salary schedule at about 1980. This situation results primarily because of the consistent upgrading of teaching experience in the teacher force. Around 1980, the number of teachers at or very near the maximum of their category will be very high, and the number of new inexperienced teachers will be very low (because of decreasing enrollment.) Therefore, the tendency to provide salary increases of from 6-8 percent will necessitate increasing the maxima to approximately the same degree. This system, if applied over a number of years, would undermine the structure of the fixed step salary schedule. Although the algorithm presented here is not entirely satisfactory -- one of the negotiable variables, the number of years to reach the maximum, is used as a variable -- and is currently being modified, one of its merits is the ease with which salary schedules five or ten years from now can be created. Related documents are EA 005 253 and EA 005 255. (Author)
- Published
- 1972
30. The Student and the System. Occasional Papers No. 5.
- Author
-
Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. and Rusk, Bruce
- Abstract
This is a report of proceedings of the November 1969 conference sponsored by the Graduate Students' Association, OISE. The purpose of the conference was to explore common elements in the educational system at the secondary and postsecondary levels focusing on the changing role of the student in the system. Participants included administrators, teachers, and students, with OISE members serving as leaders and recorders for small group sessions. The proceedings reflect the events of the general sessions including: two papers (by Edgar Z. Friedenberg and Don McCulloch), a review of the film "High School," and a transcript of the panel discussion, as well as the attitudes and opinions expressed in group sssions. (JLB)
- Published
- 1970
31. Administration Booklet: Teachers' Rating Questionnaire (Kindergarten). Revised Form 1974. Paper No. 125.
- Author
-
Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wright, E.N, and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
Specific criteria for the rating of each questionnaire item are stated in detail. The teacher is asked, after reading the questions carefully, to assign each kindergarten student a rating for every question. This rating should be based on a personal knowledge of the student. The booklet is divided into three sections with section 1 focusing on word pronunciation, color identification, counting, and understanding of time concepts; section 2 focusing on social interactions, interests, problem solving abilities, and emotional stability; and section 3 focusing on communication skills, creativity, and independence. (BJG)
- Published
- 1974
32. Administration Booklet: Teachers' Rating Questionnaire (Grade 2). Revised Form 1974. Paper No. 125.
- Author
-
Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wright, E.N, and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
Specific criteria for the rating of each questionnaire item are stated in detail. The teacher is asked, after reading the questions carefully, to assign each second grade student a rating for every question. This rating should be based on a personal knowledge of the student. The booklet is divided into three sections with section 1 focusing on reading comprehension, problem solving skills, and creativity; section 2 focusing on social interaction, attention span, and independence; and section 3 focusing on communication skills, classroom participation, and self-expression. (BJG)
- Published
- 1974
33. Administration Booklet: Teachers' Rating Questionnaire (Grade 3+). Revised Form 1974. Paper No. 125.
- Author
-
Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wright, E.N, and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
Specific criteria for the rating of each questionnaire item are stated in detail. The teacher is asked, after reading the questions carefully, to assign each grade 3 and up student a rating for every question. This rating should be based on a personal knowledge of the student. The booklet is divided into three sections with section 1 focusing on reading skills, mathematical skills, language skills, and performance level; section 2 focusing on discipline, social interaction, and classroom adjustment; and section 3 focusing on creativity, inventiveness, and imagination. (BJG)
- Published
- 1974
34. Administration Booklet: Teachers' Rating Questionnaire (Grade 1). Revised Form 1974. Paper No. 125.
- Author
-
Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept., Wright, E.N, and Wyman, W.C
- Abstract
Specific criteria for the rating of each questionnaire item are explained in detail. The teacher is asked, after reading the questions carefully, to assign each first grade student a rating for every question. This rating should be based on a personal knowledge of the student. The booklet is divided into three sections w1th section 1 focusing on problem solving abilities, auditory skills, and attention span; section 2 focusing on social behavior, independence, emotional stability, and productivity; and section 3 focusing on communication skills, self-expression, comprehension of time and space concepts, and creativity. (BJG)
- Published
- 1974
35. Check List of Canadian Small Presses; English Language. Occasional Paper No. 7.
- Author
-
Dalhousie Univ., Halifax (Nova Scotia). Library. and Tratt, Grace
- Abstract
Canadian small presses which publish in English are listed in this directory. Arranged alphabetically by press, each listing contains (where available) name of founder, founding date, first publication, present or last known owners, present or last known address, and a narrative description of publishing activities. The list covers both existing and defunct presses, and is based to some extent on the holdings of Dalhousie University. A list of presses by province is included, as is a bibliography of sources used in making the compilation. (LS)
- Published
- 1974
36. Papers: 1969: Communications.
- Author
-
Comparative and International Education Society of Canada.
- Abstract
An analysis of the unique and shared patterns within Canadian education is offered in these conference proceedings. The major portion of the program is devoted to an examination by various discussants of unique or important characteristics among: The Territories; Prairie Provinces; British Columbia; Ontario; Quebec (in French); The Atlantic Provinces; and Canadian education as a whole. A second section of the program concerns Research in Comparative and International Education. The three presentations are: Foreign Comment on Canadian Education, 1750-1900, by R. Magnuson; La Raison d'Etre de la S.C.E.C.I., by A. Farine; and Educational Aid: A Bibliographic Essay and a Plea for New Lines of Enquiry, by M. Zachariah. (JLB)
- Published
- 1969
37. Teacher Cost Models. Educational Planning Occasional Papers No. 5/72.
- Author
-
Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. Dept. of Educational Planning., Tracz, G. S., and Burtnyk, W. A.
- Abstract
This report describes the development of a teacher cost model for the Ontario secondary school system that allows educational officials, using a specified set of input information, to forecast the provincial wage-bill for a period of up to five years. The model is composed of two sub-models -- the teacher manpower sub-model and the teacher salary sub-model. A grid of teacher headcounts by category and experience and a grid of salary entries corresponding to the teacher salary schedule are generated from data obtained from the Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation. Methods for the estimation of teacher leaving and hiring rates and the estimation of teacher salary schedules are developed and applied to the model thereby generating estimates of future manpower distributions and salary schedules for the school years 1971-76. The model thus created calculates the teacher wage-bill for a selected set of parameters. Various implications of these projections for decisionmaking and policy analysis are discussed. Related documents are EA 005 254 and EA 005 255. (Author)
- Published
- 1972
38. Estimation of Teacher Leaving and Hiring Rates. Educational Planning Occasional Papers No. 7/72.
- Author
-
Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. Dept. of Educational Planning., Tracz, G. S., and Burtnyk, W. A.
- Abstract
To fully develop a teacher cost model, it is essential to be able to forecast the number of teachers that leave the experience category distribution -- not only the total number that leave, but also the number that leave from each category and experience level within the distribution. Similarly, it is essential to be able to forecast, to the same detail, the number of teachers that change from one category to another. The set of algorithms presented here describes the methods that have been used in the estimation of these variables. Attempts are being made to improve these algorithms. For example, it would be desirable to incorporate the availability of summer school courses, and therefore the capacity for upgrading teacher qualifications, in the change of category rates. Also, hiring rates by category and experience should change relative to the supply and demand of teachers of various qualifications and experience. Related documents are EA 005 253 and EA 005 254. (Author)
- Published
- 1972
39. Teacher Education in Prince Edward Island. Occasional Papers No. 13.
- Author
-
Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. and Brehaut, Willard
- Abstract
This booklet evaluates teacher education in Prince Edward Island and recommends some immediate changes. The evaluation was occasioned by the changing role of the teacher in the world today from being "the prime source," a position that causes inadequacies and insecurity, to being the guide of individual children through appropriate material. In addition to evaluations of the system as a whole, the author comments upon the TEPOP report (Teacher Education: Perseverance or Professionalism), also an evaluation of the system, which is reprinted in this report. The booklet recommends changes in the teacher education program so as to make the emphasis on in-service rather than preservice education. A concurrent B.Ed. program of 4 years is also recommended. Included are proposed programs of preservice and in-service teacher education in Prince Edwards Island and a selected bibliography. (JA)
- Published
- 1972
40. Man in the North Technical Paper. Education in the Canadian North, Report Two: Apprentice Teachers.
- Author
-
Arctic Inst. of North America, Montreal (Quebec). and Brown, Doug
- Abstract
The objective of this applied research project was to evaluate a formula by which young native Canadians would become teachers through in-service training coupled with academic upgrading. The experiment design paired apprentice and cooperating teachers, provided technical help, planned a schedule of activities for the apprentice, and assessed the value of the experiment formula. The MacKenzie Delta, lower MacKenzie, and the Great Bear Lake regions were selected for the project. The report provided an explanation of the following events and activities by site: (1) selection of apprentice and cooperating teachers; (2) the team teaching approach; (3) curriculum and cultural inclusion; (4) the apprentice's personal adjustment; (5) activities involving the apprentice teacher and progress assessments made by Man in the North (MIN) teams; (6) evaluation by the MIN teaching team; and (7) evaluation by technical resource persons. A summary of individual findings and conclusions collected from resource persons' reports, the second Inuvik seminar, school principals, and task force members comprised the overall evaluation of the project. (HBC)
- Published
- 1973
41. Man in the North Technical Paper. Education in the Canadian North, Report Three: Southern Teachers for the North.
- Author
-
Arctic Inst. of North America, Montreal (Quebec). and Girad, Ghislaine
- Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate professional teaching preparation in the North of teachers who received their training in latitudes south of 60 degrees. The procedure involved: (1) 2 formal meetings of task force members; (2) the dispatching of 2 questionnaires to northern teachers; (3) a series of meetings of native parents and native students; (4) a questionnaire sent to school administrators of the Northwest Territories, New Quebec, Alaska, and Greenland; and (5) a survey of northern school administrations' and Canadian universities' efforts to train teachers for the North. An explanation of the procedures presently followed, the selection criteria, major gaps in the actual process, and suggested remedies for teacher selection problems are provided. The teacher preparation section consists of an explanation of the problem, objectives of the special orientation sessions, and task force suggestions. Teacher preparation in the South is discussed in terms of providing introductory courses in the total reality of the North and additional courses in peculiarities of the Northern language. Preparation in the North involves an exposition of apprentice teacher activities during the first 5 months and immersion into the Northern culture. Additionally, the posting, transfer, and dismissal of teachers is discussed. (HBC)
- Published
- 1973
42. Man in the North Technical Paper. Education in the Canadian North, Report One: Community-Guided Education.
- Author
-
Arctic Inst. of North America, Montreal (Quebec). and Brown, Doug
- Abstract
The specific objective of this applied research project was to evaluate practical formulas for community-guided education in 5 native communities in the Canadian North. The projects, launched at the Man in the North Inuvik Conference (1970), involved the adults of these communities in the educational process as special education committees and community teachers. The evaluation covered program preparation and organization, planning, content, payment of Eskimo and Indian community teachers, location, and teaching methods. Subjects taught by the community teachers were based on local natural environments. Although the project time was too short for thorough evaluation, the communities responded favorably, interested in having their children initiated to their own culture and history through the school system. (KM)
- Published
- 1973
43. Education of Yukon Indians. A Position Paper. Appendix 1.
- Author
-
Yukon Native Brotherhood, Whitehorse. and Yukon Native Brotherhood, Whitehorse.
- Abstract
Since it was felt that the Canadian educational system was not serving the needs of Yukon Indian children, 14 items were forwarded by Resolution to the Brotherhood at the First Yukon Indian Conference held January 10-14, 1972. Nearly all the recommendations were dependent upon the provision of an education consultant who would act as a liaison between the Department of Education and the Indian community. Among the recommendations were that: two-way communication channels be fostered between parents, teachers and students, between Yukon Native organizations, and between the Brotherhood and the Canadian and Yukon Territory governments; kindergartens be made available wherever a group of more than five children ages 3-5 exist, with Indian parent committees responsible for all matters relating to their location, instructors, program and operation; education programs be changed to allow for revival and re-establishment of Indian languages and for a true picture of Indian history, culture and contributions; the necessary encouragement and assistance be extended to ensure employment of Native people as teachers, counsellors and teaching aides in Yukon; Indian students receive more encouragement to stay in school; resources be made available to enable certain Indian-operated group homes to be planned, designed and constructed; education of Native students be made more meaningful and relevant to their needs; adult Indians be informed as to educational aims, methods and institutions through regular periods of instruction offered in homes or Indian meeting places. (NQ)
- Published
- 1972
44. Automation in Libraries; Papers Presented at the C.A.C.U.L. Workshop on Library Automation (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, April 10-12, 1967).
- Author
-
Canadian Association of College and University Libraries, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
Contents: (1) Session on Acquisitions, "Acquisitions--Policies, Procedures, and Problems" by Louis Vagianos, with a supplement "Brown University Library Fund Accounting System" by Robert Wedgeworth, "Simon Fraser's Automated Acquisitions System" by T.C. Dobb, and "Automated Acquisition at University of Western Ontario" by John F. Macpherson, (2) Session on Serials, "Serials Systems" by R.W. MacDonald, "Automation of Serials at he Canadian National Railways" by Helene Dechief, and "Progress in the Automation of Serials at the National Science Library" by Eric Clyde, (3) Session on Circulation, "Circulation Control Systems" by J. Emery Kanasy, "Circulation Control Systems" by Jack Billington, and "Circulation Control in the U.B.C. (University of British Columbia) Library" by Robert Harris, (4) Session on Cataloguing, "Information Retrieval and the Library" by Anthony F Hall, "Library Catalogue Production at Laval University" by Guy Forget, and "Implications of Technology on Library processes--the Catalog" by Ralph M. Shoffner, and (5) Session on Management, "Management Implications of Mechanization" by William J. Kurmey, "Automation in a University Library from the Administrator's Viewpoint" by Basil Stuart-Stubbs, and "Library Automation--A Primer on Some of the Implications" by William Watson. (CM)
- Published
- 1967
45. The Guelph Document System...with a Manual of Procedures. Report No. 3.
- Author
-
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Library. and Beckman, Margaret
- Abstract
This report is a revision and expansion of an earlier research report that described the design of the University of Guelph's documentation system for the organization of government publications within university libraries. The design of the Guelph document system represents a deliberate departure from cataloging and classification theory and standards. The document code is a shelf location device and is structured only as is necessary to bring publications within government jurisdiction into appropriate relationships. Other codes were designed to provide quick sorting capabilities through a data processing system and in no way necessitate involvement in rules, regulations, or principles of cataloging. This report describes the initial investigation, and the development of a new method for organizing government publications made possible by new technology. The topic is covered in five parts: (1) a statement of the problem, and an identification of the traditional methods of arranging and processing government publications in libraries; (2) analysis of the design of the Guelph document system; (3) a description of the codes which are the basis of the system; (4) a discussion of the operating system as it has developed including changes, costs, equipment, user acceptance, and cooperative use; and (5) a manual of procedures for the system as used at Guelph. Related references and a bibliography conclude the report. (THC)
- Published
- 1973
46. Canadian Library Systems and Networks; Their Planning and Development. A Symposium.
- Author
-
Canadian Library Association, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
The nine papers presented in this report attempt to discuss and describe Canadian library networks and systems as they exist today and as they are being planned for future development at the local, provincial, regional, and national levels. The first report provides, as an example, an overview of library systems and networking in Britain as they have developed since the passage of the Public Libraries and Museum Act of 1964. Other presentations summarize cooperative activities at various levels in Canada: those of the National Library, the National Science Library, and of single provinces or multiprovince regions across the country. In the concluding paper it is pointed out that all of the existing cooperative activity does not yet add up to a Canadian library network, which will not be realized without commitment and five major prerequisites: agreement on objectives, on a plan and on standards, plus money and legislation. (SL)
- Published
- 1974
47. Canada Sees the World through U. S. Eyes: One Case Study in Cultural Domination.
- Author
-
Scanlon, Joseph
- Abstract
This paper attempts to document the cultural influences which the United States exerts over Canada because of Canadian reliance on foreign news agencies, especially news services that are located in the United States. The print material used to document this paper was drawn from a 1967 study of news flows for the Canadian Department of External Affairs and a 1969 content analysis of 30 Canadian dailies for the Special Senate Committee on the Mass Media. The broadcast material was gathered in a series of interviews done especially for this paper. The data in this case study is presented in both narrative and table form and the extent to which Canadian newscasts follow the American format and content when they are recorded for rebroadcast is examined. This news policy is especially significant when news is translated into French, but contains an American perspective on world events. The paper concludes with a five-point plan to solve the problem of Canadian reliance on foreign agencies for news. (RB)
- Published
- 1973
48. Tearing the Fabric of Canada: The Broadcast Media and Canadian Identity.
- Author
-
Weiss, Elaine F.
- Abstract
This paper explores the perceived threat of American cultural "imperialism" in Canada, the effect of constant exposure to American broadcasting on the Canadian national identity, the role broadcasting plays in shaping Canadian identity, and the efforts by the Canadian government to "Canadianize" its broadcasting. A brief history of the broadcast media and Canadian-American relations is presented along with reports which emphasize the vital role played by the media in establishing Canadian identity. Special attention is given to the development of Canadian cable television which has a special function within the broadcasting system. (RB)
- Published
- 1974
49. Tracing Interpersonal Communications in Crises: Some Pioneer Steps in a Promising Land.
- Author
-
Scanlon, T. Joseph
- Abstract
A research team from the School of Journalism at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, designed a research methodology for tracing the flow of interpersonal communication in a community in a crisis situation. They devised a completely detailed research plan including advance arrangements, a trained research team, a suitable survey instrument, and arrangements for a standby sample. For the study, they selected nine test communities in Ontario and the Atlantic provinces. During the first year of operation, the team encountered a shoot-out involving the murder of a policeman and a subsequent manhunt in one community, and a severe blizzard immobilizing another community for 48 hours. While this paper explains the methodology rather than outlines the results, some of the conclusions given include: (1) there is clear support for the multiple-step model; (2) evidence supports the idea of multiple-step flows without any involvement from the media; (3) there is some evidence that deviating chains originate around the scene of the disaster or very quickly after the impact of the event; (4) the longer the chain, the more likely the originating source will be a person involved rather than a media source; and (5) overhearing is a significant part of a long chain. (TO)
- Published
- 1974
50. Expressed Reading Interests of Young Children: An International Study.
- Author
-
Robinson, H. Alan
- Abstract
A study of the current expressed reading interests of children in the first two years of school conducted in ten countries--Austria, Canada, England, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Panama, Sweden, and the United States--is reported in this paper. Over 2,000 children drew pictures about what they would best like to read or have read to them. They were then interviewed for additional information in an attempt to ascertain the derivation of their interests. Specific topics drawn and/or stated by the children are listed along with the categories into which topics were placed. Three of the conclusions appearing to grow out of the study are: although some significant differences emerged from country to country, there were more similarities in interests across the ten countries than differences; fairy tales and fantasies were the most preferred expressed reading interests of first- and second-year children in the ten countries; and reading interests of second-year children demonstrated more preferences for nonfictional topics than the interests of first-year children. (Author/WR)
- Published
- 1974
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