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Nico Wijnberg began his work in economic development in The Netherlands as the Dutch government country specialist for Russia and Central Asia, particularly Kazakhstan. His job was to assist companies in their efforts to enter the Russian and Kazakhstani markets. In this position, it was important to not only stay aware of the ever-changing commercial opportunities in these countries, but also to learn and communicate in Russian. Wijnberg now works as International Business Concierge at the Georgia Department of Economic Development in Atlanta. Equipped with 10 international offices in Toronto, Mexico City, Santiago de Chile, Munich, London, Jerusalem, Tokyo, Seoul, and Beijing, this Department of roughly 250 people focuses on promoting Georgia in different parts of the world. Through his experiences, Wijnberg has learned that being able to speak different languages makes a crucial difference in economic development. In this keynote address, Wijnberg begins by describing his personal background, The Netherlands, and the importance of languages in the Dutch educational system. He goes on to discuss how this relates to his present work as International Business Concierge and the role languages play in economic development.

Absorbing emerging technologies is crucial to the success of intelligence and security organizations. Scholars, however, tend to overlook the role of cultural traits in this process. Focusing on military organizations, this paper questions how military organizational culture shapes the absorption of emerging technologies. It draws upon literatures of military innovation, technology absorption and military sociology and empirically studies the absorption of counter improvised explosive devices technologies within the Netherlands Armed Forces. This paper argues that cultural influence on technology absorption becomes apparent in the innovation drivers, the distinction between war- and peacetime and the gradual shift of organizational identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article offers a critique of the dominant secular/sexual paradigm in the Netherlands by focusing on everyday experiences of sexuality among Turkish-Dutch women. A secular approach towards sexuality rests on the fictive duality of a sexually liberated, progressive majority Dutch and a conservative cultural ‘Other’. This paper argues that despite scholarly work challenging the secular/framework within which minoritised women’s sexuality is problematised, cultural stereotypes continue to persist in Dutch populist discourse and everyday life. Based on life story interviews conducted with eight women, it illustrates the specific ways in which normative expectations are imposed on minoritised women based on perceived religious or cultural differences. These expectations constitute a ‘script’ that is imbued with cultural stereotypes. Dissonant moments emerge when my interlocutors fail to conform to the ‘script’. In contrast, when their choices validate these expectations, they are interpreted as a reflection of their ‘cultural background’ instead of being seen as instances of agentic behaviour. These processes further reify dichotomies in the form of sexually liberated and oppressed as the choices these women make are never seen as individual expressions of sexuality unless they openly contest these expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has indicated how diverse books contribute to a more culturally responsive pedagogy, allowing children to identify themselves in the stories they read and gain an appreciation for others whose lives are different from theirs. Moreover, a sensitive discussion of and critical responses to diverse picturebooks is found to positively influence a child's social and emotional learning competecies, apart from increasing a child's cultural knowledge and serving as a catalyst for social justice. This paper is meant to broaden early childhood educators' repertoire of picturebooks that can be used in the classroom to also include international titles (translated into English from their original languages) and multicultural titles to facilitate affective engagement with these narratives and introduce social and emotional learning skills (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and responsible decision-making). This paper provides a list of diverse books (from the Netherlands, Japan, Lithuania, Spain, Germany, France, Argentina – among others) for students in early childhood (from preschool to third grade) thematically organized across the five social and emotional learning competencies. Strategies such as book-bonding and literacy bags for family engagement will be shared while using the framework of culturally responsive teaching in an early childhood setting. Recommendations for how family members can be more involved are included, along with critical literacy strategies that include conversations, multiple perspectives and the sharing of authentic experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Changing attitudes towards disabilities have resulted in corresponding transformations in social justice and human rights issues that have led to an increase in inclusive education practices across the world and a corresponding change in emphasis to address social inclusion of students with disability in the inclusive classroom. Research indicates that students with disabilities do not automatically benefit from the opportunities of inclusive education. To understand the situation of these students, their perspectives should be reported. The following paper reports results of three international studies from Australia, Indonesia, and the Netherlands, whereby students with disabilities were provided an opportunity to express their thoughts and perceptions regarding friendships and acceptance in the inclusive classroom, using a range of methodologies. Despite differences in culture and abilities, the students across all three studies highlighted the importance of having a friend and being socially accepted by their peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prevalence of disagreement between users on social media platforms, studies of online debates typically only look at positive online interactions, represented as networks with positive ties. In this paper, we hypothesize that the systematic neglect of conflict that these network analyses induce leads to misleading results on polarized debates. We introduce an approach to bring in negative user-to-user interaction, by analyzing online debates using signed networks with positive and negative ties. We apply this approach to the Dutch Twitter debate on 'Black Pete'-an annual Dutch celebration with racist characteristics. Using a dataset of 430,000 tweets, we apply natural language processing and machine learning to identify: (i) users' stance in the debate; and (ii) whether the interaction between users is positive (supportive) or negative (antagonistic). Comparing the resulting signed network with its unsigned counterpart, the retweet network, we find that traditional unsigned approaches distort debates by conflating conflict with indifference, and that the inclusion of negative ties changes and enriches our understanding of coalitions and division within the debate. Our analysis reveals that some groups are attacking each other, while others rather seem to be located in fragmented Twitter spaces. Our approach identifies new network positions of individuals that correspond to roles in the debate, such as leaders and scapegoats. These findings show that representing the polarity of user interactions as signs of ties in networks substantively changes the conclusions drawn from polarized social media activity, which has important implications for various fields studying online debates using network analysis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

This paper revisits the much-reported political confrontations that took place between Russia and the Netherlands during the 2013 Dutch-Russian 'year of friendship'. It shows how Dutch media constructed an image of the Netherlands and Russia as representatives of conflicting cultural traditions on account of their different attitudes towards LGBTI (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Intersexual) rights. Advancing from Mouffe's observation that politics is inherently oppositional, this paper aims to nuance such a dichotomous imagery by showing distinct commonalities between Russian and Dutch cultural regimes. In fact, Russian discourses are historically rooted in Soviet conceptions of cultural geography, and appeal to similar associations of anti-colonial and anti-elitist resistance. However, Dutch and Russian popularised discourses of cultural difference should be recognised as one of several dualisms that Europe and the Netherlands have inherited from the Cold War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation and increasing digitisation mean that companies must increasingly orientate themselves internationally in order to become (more) competitive or to remain competitive. Promoting e-working can revitalise rural development. The issue involved is always interaction between people from different cultures, between people who, according to their cultural backgrounds, feel, think and act differently. When cultural diversity and differences are taken into account, greater creativity, more diverse ideas and faster problem solving are achieved. The cultural dimensions, according to Geert Hofstede, offer a comprehensive model for capturing the various expressions of intercultural values. This paper examines the motives for applying e-working in selected European countries in 2018 according to Hofstede's six dimensions of national culture. Twenty-eight countries from the Eurostat database were analysed (Finland and the Netherlands were excluded, and software detected them in the e-working variable as outliers). Correlation with e-working is statistically significant at PDI (power distance index - negative: the lower the PDI index, the higher the proportion of e-working) and IVR index (indulgence versus restraint - positive: the higher the IVR index, the higher the proportion of e-working). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Allowing for interaction with foreign cultures without the need to travel, intercultural virtual collaboration represents a potential tool to develop business students' intercultural competence. This study aims to explore students' perceptions towards the implementation of a research-based task sequence in a project in which undergraduate Business students from Spain collaborated virtually with undergraduate business students from The Netherlands during a semester. More specifically, this paper investigates what intercultural competence indicators were mostly developed by the sequence implemented; how much each task from the sequence in question developed different intercultural competence indicators; and how much students enjoyed participating in each task. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected through after-task reflection questionnaires. A quantitative analysis of Likert-type questions was carried out and open-ended responses were used to illustrate findings. Findings: Results reveal that the task sequence developed different dimensions of students' intercultural competence and, particularly, fostered a positive attitude towards intercultural relationships, increased students' cultural knowledge and awareness and equipped students with skills to work in diverse teams. It also showed that as complexity grew along the sequence, the average students' perception of their intercultural competence development tended to decrease. The majority of students' very much liked participating in the different tasks. Originality/value: Designing telecollaborative projects can be very challenging and understanding the learning potential of different pedagogical strategies for virtual collaborative environments can help teachers to take better-informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to fill an important gap in cross-national comparison conducted by a solo-researcher through an example of a three-nation study of the long-term care of older people, in order to make transparent some of the key issues—time and space, comparability, culture and language—involved in the practical implementation of cross-national qualitative research. It is argued that cross-national comparison is very demanding in terms of language skills, cultural understanding, resources and time to provide a rigorous comparative instrument and outcome. Key approaches that address challenges for solo-researchers are: careful attention to geographical location and flexibility in timetable and programmes for gathering data; employment of multi-disciplinary knowledge to address the complexity of the research topic; application of a multi-method and multi-layer approach in data collection and analysis; recognition of the caring culture; and sensitivity of national as well as local language. In contrast to the challenges, the paper concludes with an analysis of the added value of solo-researcher activity in cross-national research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focusses on travel socialisation by examining the effect of immigrant origin on cycling in two distinct European cycling cultures: Denmark and the Netherlands. Based on data from both countries' national travel surveys, the empirical analyses show that people of immigrant origin cycle less compared to natives. While in Denmark this effect is significant only for people of non-Western origin, in the Netherlands it is also true for people of Western origin, probably because they originate to a greater extent from non-European countries (e.g., Indonesia). In the Netherlands, the effect of non-Western origin is larger for women than for men, while we do not find a significant gender interaction in the Danish data. Individuals with residence in neighbourhoods with a higher share of people of non-Western origin are less likely to cycle, probably as the national norm to cycle is less salient here. The results cannot be fully explained by differences in socioeconomic status, car access, or level of urbanisation. We assume that cultural norms mediated by parents play a relevant role. The results lend support to policies focused on stimulating the use of the bicycle among immigrants and especially women of non-Western origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assist higher education institutions in meeting the challenge of limited student engagement in the implementation of Learning Analytics services, the Questionnaire for Student Expectations of Learning Analytics (SELAQ) was developed. This instrument contains 12 items, which are explained by a purported two‐factor structure of "Ethical and Privacy Expectations" and "Service Feature Expectations." As it stands, however, the SELAQ has only been validated with students from UK university, which is problematic on account of the interest in Learning Analytics extending beyond this context. Thus, the aim of the current work was to assess whether the translated SELAQ can be validated in three contexts (an Estonian, a Spanish, and a Dutch University). The findings show that the model provided acceptable fits in both the Spanish and Dutch samples, but was not supported in the Estonian student sample. In addition, an assessment of local fit is undertaken for each sample, which provides important points that need to be considered in future work. Finally, a general comparison of expectations across contexts is undertaken, which are discussed in relation to the General Data Protection Regulation (2018). Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Accounting for student expectations allows for a service that is meaningful.SELAQ measures student expectations towards Learning Analytics services.The 12 items of the SELAQ can be explained by a two‐factor structure (Ethical and Privacy Expectations and Service Feature Expectations). What their paper adds to this: Validation of the SELAQ in three contextsA discussion of localized sources of strainAn assessment of measurement quality in each contextA general comparison of student expectations across contexts The implications of study findings for practitioners: SELAQ can be used with Spanish and Dutch students.SELAQ responses provide a much needed input from end‐users in Learning Analytics implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to address the changing organization and culture of the Dutch police over the last decade. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on personal observation, desk research and a survey among the police and administrative elite in The Netherlands, the paper describes, analyzes and reflects upon developments which are out of tune with the Dutch tradition. Findings - From the 1960s onwards, The Netherlands was famous for her pragmatic, decentralized and friendly style of community policing. The slogan "the police are your best friend" summarizes the "essence" or the "soul" of Dutch policing. Increasingly, however, the typically tolerant, friendly and social policing style has come under pressure. The system of relatively independent regional police departments has been fiercely criticized because of the lack of effectiveness and efficiency in solving crime, safety and security challenges. National government now wants a much bigger say in setting its police programs and priorities. Moreover, as elite government officials stipulate, the police must be more "tough" on crime and terrorism. This attitude has led to centralization, penalization and, at the local level, responsibilization, which signifies that a variety of private, (often profit-seeking) policing agencies and companies are made responsible for public order maintenance. Such changes are leading toward a "state-centered" police model at some distance from citizens, a development that is seen as contrary to the social soul of Dutch policing. Originality/value - The paper offers an analysis into the changing "soul" of Dutch policings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is growing acknowledgement of the benefits of incorporating a bio-psychosocial model of understanding pain within physical therapist practice1. Consequently this has led to an increasing interest in interventions such Pain neuroscience education (PNE). However, pain management strategies developed by clinicians in one culture may not necessarily be understood, appropriate, or effective in another culture2 Methods: This study is part of a broader research in the development of culturally sensitive pain neuroscience education for the Lebanese population. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to first gain an in-depth understanding of the Lebanese physiotherapists' perceptions towards the management of chronic low back pain as well as the knowledge regarding PNE. A qualitative one-to-one semi-structured interviews with 10 practicing physical therapists were conducted. The transcribed text from the interviews was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Several themes were generated, identified, and constructed by the researchers: (1) physiotherapists use of a biomechanical approach. (2) Poor knowledge about the bio-psychosocial approach or PNE. (3) Barrier and facilitation for the implementation of PNE. Discussion: The preliminary results showed a limited knowledge of the bio-psychosocial approach, or PNE, and that the Lebanese physical therapist use more a biomechanical approach in the treatment and assessment of people with chronic low back pain. Process evaluation: The results showed that training is needed for physiotherapists to deliver a broader model of care, and that future research should focus on developing a culturally sensitive PNE material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a cross-cultural comparison of the attitudes toward diversity among human resource managers working for the same multinational company in the Netherlands and Morocco. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 35 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted by telephone and were analyzed by the use of content analysis. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions were used as theoretical framework. Findings – The findings suggest that attitudes toward diversity are changing and not always in line with Hofstede’s scores from 2010. Differences between the Netherlands and Morocco are discussed and trends in both countries are outlined. Originality/value – While it has been argued that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are relatively stable over time, the findings show that attitudes toward diversity are evolving in the light of the changing environment and that other cultural factors also play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of young people's strategic negotiation of sexual agency constitutes a challenge for professionals working in the area of sexuality education. This paper explores how comprehensive sexuality education can support young people to develop sexual agency in all its forms: embodied, bonded, narrative and moral. A first step is to base sexuality education on the recognition of the connectedness of young people to different people and to different sexual cultures. This implies that comprehensive sexuality education should provide the tools that can help young people in the process of taking up a position, forming an identity and embodying a sexual self within their own social and cultural context. Moreover, comprehensive sexuality education should not only be aimed at empowering individuals, but should also address different sexual cultures, gender norms and other social norms, to stimulate critical consciousness and collective agency, and thereby create an environment that enables and supports young people's agency and diminishes inequality and restrictive norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of two prevailing and seemingly opposed ideologies in child welfare in Western societies over the last century ('family support' and 'child protection') on social work practice. It scrutinises social work practice in two cases of Dutch-Curaçaoan single-mother families experiencing multiple problems. An ethnographic approach was chosen to study the two families in depth. It shows that, although the cases share many characteristics and circumstances, the social work outcomes diverge. This suggests there is a thin dividing line between support and protection. We argue that the interrelationships between the two base categories and social work practice can be better understood through a historicizing conceptualization of discourses. We suggest that an ethnographic enquiry is suitable for grasping the processual dimensions of social work practice with families as it leads to a more in-depth understanding of, paraphrasing Foucault: the historical interweaving of relations of discourse, of power, of everyday life and of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary societies are rapidly changing demographically and culturally. This raises new challenges regarding support for and engagement in nature conservation. Our paper discusses differences and similarities between young adult non-immigrants and immigrants in how they understand and value nature, based on group interviews and a survey conducted among young adults of Turkish, Chinese and non-immigrant Dutch backgrounds. We show that how people perceive nature differs between ethnic groups, even though the immigrants included spent (most of) their youth in the Netherlands. Non-immigrants used most strict boundaries to qualify green areas as nature, while especially Chinese immigrants expressed a more inclusive idea of nature. Turkish immigrants articulated most often ecocentric and religious reasons to conserve nature, while Chinese immigrants stood out as mentioning most often anthropocentric reasons. Traditional cultural representations of nature partly seemed to echo in people's perceptions of nature. Support for nature conservation was high among the respondents; however, this hardly translated into engagement in nature conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Background: Fifty to eighty percent of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a form of sexual dysfunction (SD), even after renal transplantation. Despite this, inquiring about SD is often not included in the daily practice of renal care providers. Objectives: This paper explores the perspectives of renal social workers regarding sexual care for patients and evaluates their practice, attitude towards responsibility and knowledge of SD. Design: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a 41‐item online survey. Participants: Seventy‐nine members of the Dutch Federation of Social Workers Nephrology. Results: It was revealed that 60% of respondents discussed SD with a fifth of their patients. Frequency of discussion was associated with experience (p = 0.049), knowledge (p = 0.001), supplementary education (p = 0.006), and the availability of protocols on sexual care (p = 0.007). Main barriers towards discussing SD consisted of ‘culture and religion’ (51.9%), ‘language and ethnicity’ (49.4%), and ‘presence of a third person’ (45.6%). Sufficient knowledge of SD was present in 28% of respondents. The responsibility for discussion was 96% nephrologists and 81% social workers. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that a part of Dutch nephrology social workers do not provide sexual care regularly, due to insufficient experience and sexual knowledge, absence of privacy and protocols and barriers based on cultural diversity. According to the respondents the responsibility for this aspect of care should be multidisciplinary. Recommendations include a need for further education on the topic, private opportunities to discuss SD and multidisciplinary guidelines on sexual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to explore how Dutch social workers make sense of the cultural otherness produced by clients with migrant origins and relates this to the various discourses that constitute the legacy of Dutch social work. Design/methodology/approach — The paper relies on a historical discourse analysis based on secondary sources and on a fieldwork study performed in a contemporary organization. Findings — The analysis reveals three different discourses. The first relates to how the association of social work with government policy produces a generalised 'otherness" as the practical starting point for the social workers' interventions, and a specific kind of cultural indifference. The second concerns a discourse around lifestyle interventions influenced by a specific tradition of institutionalised diversity called pillarization. Finally, there is a discourse in which social workers are expressly expected to be "open" to their individual clients' specific backgrounds which generates scope for a "constructivist" conceptualization of cultural diversity. Originality/value — The paper offers insights into the discursive construction of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explain diversity in knowledge-sharing strategies in a multi-ethnic classroom both from a minority status perspective and from a cultural production perspective. The analysis shows how these perspectives are dynamically related in local productions of diversity. The paper argues how, at the level of classroom practice, culturally learned experiences are shaped by status relationships and, at the same time, how status relationships are expressed in cultural formats. Moreover, it is also argued that at a larger social level, collective attitudes towards schooling develop as a co-construction between cultural processes and status issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing demographics of the population are such that there is an increasing need for care for frail older people with both physical and mental health problems. At the same time, the increased migration of workers and their families means that care provision now has to embrace a range of cultures. The present paper explores how the concept of cultural safety has importance for those planning and providing care for older adults. The recognition that removing individuals with mental health problems from their own environment causes increased disorientation and confusion has led to some organisations trying to maintain the community aspects of life when independent living is no longer possible. The present paper focuses on two such organisations in the Netherlands, demonstrating how they have changed their practice to improve and enhance the quality of life of their clientele through ‘taking the community into the home’. Whilst sharing the same goals and aspirations, each organisation, serves a different population, and therefore, has developed a unique approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores and discusses the fairly recent phenomenon of cultural clustering strategies in the Netherlands. Amongst other things based on ideologies of 'enterprise culture', the quest for urban imagery and positioning strategies, the changing spatial fabric of cities and a search for economic and cultural revitalisation, for the past 5-10 years, the formation of cultural clusters has turned into something of an urban cultural development hype. However, what at first glance appears as a common model, often accompanied by boldly expressed slogans concerning the new role of culture and creativity in the physical and economic revitalisation of cities, in more detail unfolds as an ambivalent and conflict-ridden mixture of cultural, economic, social and spatial interests and sentiments. From a short-term perspective, such an eclectic blending of interests and sentiments might be considered as a good opportunity for urban cultural developments within a ’post-modern’ urban development regime. However, from a long-term perspective, there is the danger that the divergent sentiments and interests start to undermine and constrain each other, in the end resulting in adverse effects, mutual distrust and a standstill of developments. Following a detailed investigation of five cultural clustering projects in the Netherlands, and based on Zukin's account of the exchange of cultural and economic values in the contemporary city, the paper argues that, in order to get out of this potentially self-defeating situation, and to enable a more sensitive but also strategic involvement of the cultural sector in the governance of cultural cluster projects, it is necessary to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the complex dynamics involved. Central to this is a locally specific appreciation of the changing interaction between culture (place) and commerce (market) in today's mixed economy of leisure, culture and creativity. This implies both a critique and advancement of existing theories concerning the role of culture in urban development and the development of a more detailed comparative perspective on urban cultural policy projects, thus moving beyond overgeneralised perceptions of the developments concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Migrant Suitcase is a metaphor to understand how social remittances are taken, brought back and transformed. Migrants bring with them different cultural norms, food and eating practices. In this paper I review the concept of social remittances in light of material culture, food and eating practices and examine the linkages between food, belonging, commensality and care and then provide empirical examples from the suitcases of Indian migrants. This paper is based on 30 in-depth interviews conducted among Indian migrants living in The Netherlands. The main themes from the data included food from home, cooking practices, food sharing and family relationships. Migrants' sense of belonging was intrinsically related to the food they brought from home and the memories it generates. The practices of cooking and sensorial experiences surrounding them demonstrate the place and home making processes. Commensality with co-ethnics led to a sense of community and stronger community bonds. Commensality with other non-Indian groups was perceived to be problematic. The exchanges of food, eating practices, and care create a sense of 'co-presence' in lives migrants and their transnational families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the effects of cultural globalization on urban identities, and concentrates on a case study of Amsterdam. The theoretical part of the paper defines cultural globalization and outlines its effects on localities, including the ways in which the images of localities are transformed in the process of global information exchange. It emphasizes the importance of rapidly growing flows of people, in particular in the form of mass tourism, in the deliberate and spontaneous re-identification and changing meaning of places. The empirical part of the paper juxtaposes the historically grown urban identity of Amsterdam since the sixteenth century with the city’s re-created identity of recent decades. It is argued that Amsterdam’s present-day image as a city with very liberal attitudes towards sex and drugs emerged under the influence of global mass tourism, and that it is not as authentic as is often suggested or believed. The discussion concentrates on past and present cultural traits of Amsterdam in the form of Calvinism, commercialism, morality and tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the prototypical scientists as they appear in fiction and non-fiction media consumed by children and teenagers in The Netherlands. A qualitative-interpretive content analysis is used to identify seven prototypes and the associated characteristics in a systematic way. The results show that the element of risk is given more attention in fiction than in non-fiction. Also, eccentric scientists appear more often in fiction. In non-fiction, the dimension useful/useless is more important. Furthermore, fictional scientists are loners, although in practice scientists more often work in a team. In both fiction and non-fiction, the final product of the scientific process gets more attention than the process itself. The prototype of the doubter is introduced as an alternative to the dominant representations because it represents scientists and engineers in a more nuanced way.

Background: Although migrants constitute an important proportion of the European population, little is known about migrant sexual health. Existing research mainly focuses on migrants' sexual health risks and accessibility issues while recommendations on adequate sexual health promotion are rarely provided. Hence, this paper explores how refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands define sexual health, search for sexual health information and perceive sexual health determinants., Methods: Applying Community-based Participatory Research as the overarching research approach, we conducted 223 in-depth interviews with refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands. The Framework Analysis Technique was used to analyse qualitative data. We checked the extensiveness of the qualitative data and analysed the quantitative socio-demographic data with SPSS., Results: Our results indicate that gender and age do not appear to be decisive determinants. However, incorporated cultural norms and education attainment are important to consider in desirable sexual health promotion in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that these migrants have a predominant internal health locus of control. Yet, most of them feel that this personal attitude is hugely challenged by the Belgian and Dutch asylum system and migration laws which force them into a structural dependent situation inducing sexual ill-health., Conclusion: Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands are at risk of sexual ill-health. Incorporated cultural norms and attained education are important determinants to address in desirable sexual health promotion. Yet, as their legal status demonstrates to be the key determinant, the prime concern is to alter organizational and societal factors linked to the Belgian and Dutch asylum system. Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands should be granted the same opportunity as Belgian and Dutch citizens have, to become equally in control of their sexual health and sexuality.

Information sharing influences which messages spread and shape beliefs, behavior, and culture. In a preregistered neuroimaging study conducted in the United States and the Netherlands, we demonstrate replicability, predictive validity, and generalizability of a brain-based prediction model of information sharing. Replicating findings in Scholz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 2881-2886 (2017), self-, social-, and value-related neural signals in a group of individuals tracked the population sharing of US news articles. Preregistered brain-based prediction models trained on Scholz et al. (2017) data proved generalizable to the new data, explaining more variance in population sharing than self-report ratings alone. Neural signals (versus self-reports) more reliably predicted sharing cross-culturally, suggesting that they capture more universal psychological mechanisms underlying sharing behavior. These findings highlight key neurocognitive foundations of sharing, suggest potential target mechanisms for interventions to increase message effectiveness, and advance brain-as-predictor research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the development of behavioral and mental health issues among adolescents, particularly those from immigrant families, is a key area of concern. Many prior studies have focused on the role of societal (country-of-destination) language skills, but we know less about the role played by the use of the heritage language in families. We examined this latter relationship with a focus on changes in heritage language use and internalizing and externalizing problems, and how family relations moderate this relationship. We used the first two waves (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) data collected from Germany (n = 1614; Mage = 14.8 years, 50% female), the Netherlands (n = 1203; Mage = 14.7 years, 54% female), Sweden (n = 1794; Mage = 14.2 years, 53% female), and England (n = 1359; Mage = 14.6 years, 50% female). Our results suggest that increased use of heritage language is associated with fewer externalizing problems only in families with greater family cohesion and parental warmth (in Germany and the U.K.) and with fewer internalizing problems only in families with higher parental monitoring (in the Netherlands and Sweden). Good family relations are thus an important precondition for increased heritage language use to lead to improved behavioral and mental health for children of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Experiencing financial scarcity taxes cognitive bandwidth. This leaves less capacity to withhold temptations and makes relying on easiest default options more likely. Whether this default option is (un)healthy may depend on the amount of cultural capital acquired during life course. This study examined whether the association between financial scarcity and health behaviours is moderated by cultural capital. Methods Self-reported data were used from Dutch adults of the 2014-survey of the GLOBE study (N  = 2466). Using linear regression analysis, financial strain (no, some, great) and cultural capital (institutionalized, objectivized, incorporated) were related to body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, sports participation, cycling and walking, fruit intake and vegetable consumption. The interaction between financial strain and cultural capital was used to assess moderation. Results Experiencing some financial strain was associated with a higher BMI (0.7 kg/m2) and less sport participation (−31.8 min/week). Great financial strain was associated with less sport participation (−41.4 min/week). Being in the lowest tertile of cultural capital was associated with a higher BMI (1.3 kg/m2), drinking less alcohol (−10.0 units/week), less sport participation (−31.5 min/week) and consuming less fruit (−2.9 pieces/week). Cultural capital had no significant moderating effect on the relationship between financial strain and these health behaviours. Conclusion Financial strain and cultural capital seem associated with different health behaviours. Cultural capital had no moderating effect on the relationship between financial strain and different health behaviours. While financial strain and cultural capital could both be entry points for interventions to improve health behaviour, underlying mechanisms require further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is an important health problem in the Turkish community in the Netherlands, and promotion of screening for HBV in this risk group is necessary. An individually tailored intervention and a culturally tailored intervention have been developed to promote screening in first generation 16-40 year old Turkish immigrants. This paper describes the design of the randomized controlled trial, which will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two tailored internet interventions as compared to generic online information on HBV, and to assess the added value of tailoring on socio-cultural factors., Methods/design: A cluster randomized controlled trial design, in which we invite all Rotterdam registered inhabitants born in Turkey, aged 16-40 (n = 10,000), to visit the intervention website is used. A cluster includes all persons living at one house address. The clusters are randomly assigned to either group A, B or C. On the website, persons eligible for testing will be selected through a series of exclusion questions and will then continue in the randomly assigned intervention group. Group A will receive generic information on HBV. Group B will receive individually tailored information related to social-cognitive determinants of screening. Group C will receive culturally tailored information which, next to social-cognitive factors, addresses cultural factors related to screening. Subsequently, participants may obtain a laboratory form, with which they can be tested free of charge at local health centres. The main outcome of the study is the percentage of eligible persons tested for HBV through to participation in one of the three groups. Measurements of the outcome behaviour and its determinants will be at baseline and five weeks post-intervention., Discussion: This trial will provide information on the effectiveness of a culturally tailored internet intervention promoting HBV-screening in first generation Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands, aged 16-40. The results will contribute to the evidence base for culturally tailored (internet) interventions in ethnic minority populations. An effective intervention will lead to a reduction of the morbidity and mortality due to HBV in this population. This may not only benefit patients, but also help reduce health inequalities in western countries., Trial Registration: The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR 2394.

In this paper we empirically examined two explanatory mechanisms for educational inequality: cultural reproduction and relative risk aversion, using survey data taken from secondary school pupils in Amsterdam. Cultural reproduction theory seeks to explain class variations in schooling by cultural differences between social classes. Relative risk aversion theory argues that educational inequalities can be understood by between-class variation in the necessity of pursuing education at branching points in order to avoid downward mobility. We showed that class variations in early demonstrated ability are for a substantial part cultural: cultural capital - measured by parental involvement in highbrow culture - affected school performance at the primary and secondary level. However, relative risk aversion - operationalized by being concerned with downward mobility - strongly affects schooling ambitions, whereas cultural capital had no effect. Thus, we conclude that 'primary effects' of social origin on schooling outcomes are manifested through cultural capital and not through relative risk aversion (in addition to other potential sources of class variations such as genetics). Relative risk aversion, and not cultural capital, affects schooling ambitions, which is relevant for our understanding of secondary effects.

In this paper we try to identify the roots of the persistent contemporary problems in our modernized agriculture: overproduction, loss of biodiversity and of soil fertility, the risk of large animal disease, social controversies on the lack of animal welfare and culling of animals, etc. Attention is paid to the historical development of present-day farming in Holland as an example of European agriculture. We see a blinkered quest for efficiency in the industrialization of agriculture since the Second World War. Key factor is the cultural mindset at the foundation of our modern society, originating from the ideas of the enlightenment. It makes people vulnerable to ideologies, causing them to focus on a certain goal without considering the consequences. Due to the overemphasis on efficiency, modern industrial agriculture has never been comfortably embedded in its ecological and social context, and as a result displays the characteristics of an ideology. The cause of the inability to solve today's problems is therefore deeper than simply a failure to apply the right mix of standard remedies. Unless stakeholders in farming start to counter this very one-sided approach to efficiency, modernization will continue to cause all kinds of friction. The implications of the results for agricultural policy, farming and further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the identity, values, and standards of behaviour and the religious education of young Muslims in the Netherlands. After an introduction of the theme, the results are presented of a study among 30 young highly educated Muslim young adults between the ages of 19 and 28. For these young people, being a Muslim is at the core of their identity. This identity offers them the freedom to escape from the dilemma between being Dutch and belonging to their own culture and gives them the opportunity to understand the world around them in a positive but, at the same time, critical way. The paper also looks at an inquiry among a group of boys between 12 and 18 years of age on the street. To them, being a Muslim is also highly important, but religion and culture, even street culture, seem to be even more interwoven in their minds and behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effects of emotional and task conflict on team performance and member satisfaction in two distinct cultures, Brazil and The Netherlands. Design/methodology/approach – A survey with 366 team members and interviews with 20 team managers were conducted. To analyse data and test the proposed hypotheses, hierarchical regression analyses were used. Findings – Findings suggest that cultural differences between these two countries not only influence the way intragroup conflict is experienced, but also its impact on members' satisfaction and group performance. In Brazil, emotional and task conflict were both negatively associated with individuals' satisfaction and perceived team performance, while in The Netherlands no significant relationships were found between both types of conflict and team performance. Research limitations/implications – Several limitations of this research must be recognized: the use of self-report measures that may have some inherent social desirability bias; and the use of linear regressions to test relationships that may be non-linear. Practical implications – This paper shows that managers need to focus on differentiating emotional and task conflict and find ways to seize the potential of task-related conflicts. Originality/value – The paper sheds light on how culture influences intragroup conflict and its impact on team outcomes, enlightening the role of cultural context in conflict research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers and researchers are considered epistemic authorities that provide reliable information if that information is relevant to their discipline. Students differentiate between relevant and irrelevant disciplines when assessing teachers' expertise. In this paper, it is investigated whether students' cultural-educational background plays a role in this differentiation between relevant and irrelevant disciplines. In large power distance cultures such as France, students learn to respect and obey their teacher, whereas in smaller power distance cultures such as the Netherlands, the relationships between students and teachers are more informal. Therefore, French students may be less sensitive to the actual discipline when assessing a source's expertise. In an experiment, it was empirically tested whether French students perceived smaller differences than Dutch students between fictitious professors and researchers who put forward information that was or was not related to their own discipline. Results showed that the French participants indeed differentiated to a much lesser degree between professors and researchers with a relevant and an irrelevant discipline than did the Dutch participants. Further analyses indicated that students' obedience partially mediated this effect of nationality on the difference between relevant and irrelevant disciplines. This study underlines the role that cultural-educational background can play in the assessments of epistemic authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early modern period Scotland and the Netherlands had a close relationship. Trade, religion and shared cultural traditions tied the two countries together, and goods, people and ideas travelled freely across the North Sea. That the Netherlands was the senior partner in this relationship is well known. This paper presents an overview of the religious and academic climate in the Netherlands and the appeal of the Netherlands to Scots as background to the 17th century Scottish-Dutch exchange when the Blaeu Atlas was produced. It also looks at the different connections between the two countries - trade, religion, military and, especially, educational links - which effectively provided the infrastructure and mechanics for this exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation literature advocates the transition from a technological orientation to market orientation on the part of innovator and entrepreneur. However. the transition requires a charge in mindset on the part of these innovation agents, who may be affected by their national contexts. This paper reports a study is to examine factors that account for a different transition from a Technological Orientation (TO) towards a Market Orientation (MO) and the impact of national cultures. To analyse possible intercultural differences, the study involved two independent samples from Germany and the Netherlands. The study found that the orientation to versus MO of the Dutch engineer is not different from that of the German engineer, probably became of a common professional culture (PC), which is different from an MO. The transition from technological orientation towards market orientation occurred earlier for the Dutch engineers than for the Gernan engineers. However German engineers demonstrated less MO than Dutch firms. A plausible reason for this is that the strong feminine values of Dutch national and corporate culture (NC and CC , Hofstede, 1980a and b and 1991 ) might lead more easily to a customer orientation (Market Pull) than the more masculine German values keeping a strong technological base. In sum, firms might consider carefully an optimal CC &timeas; PC interaction instead of NC-differences to reach effective technological innovation in the global market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the social selectivity of public spending programs. Interest in the social selectivity of public expenditure in the Netherlands has been greatly stimulated by the White Paper on Personal Income Distribution of 1975. In this paper, Den Uyl's centre-left coalition presented a comprehensive view of what constitutes an acceptable tradeoff between efficiency and equality in the creation and redistribution of earned income. The government's Social and Cultural Planning Office (SCP) in 1975 concluded a research contract with the Rotterdam institute of Fiscal Studies at Erasmus University, and embarked on a study of the distributive effects of public spending programmes. The present paper reports on the major findings of this research program, and on some of the topics in the debate it has generated in the profession. The analytical framework of benefit and expenditure incidence, and discusses criteria for selecting units of measurement. After a presentation of empirical findings, the paper concludes with some observations on the normative framework in which the social selectivity of public spending programs may be appraised.

Aims: This interview study focuses on the needs and wishes of Arabic‐speaking migrant women in the Netherlands to culturally adapt and optimize the digital support platform SAFE (safewomen.nl) for intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) for their use. Design: This is a qualitative interview‐based study. Methods: We conducted the study between March 2020 and 2021. The study entailed 16 semi‐structured interviews with Arabic‐speaking women in the Netherlands with a migration background. Results: Findings suggest that a cultural gap, a lack of knowledge of the Dutch law, and the prevalence of restrictive gender roles amongst the participants and their spouses affected their acknowledgement of the different forms of IPVA. Furthermore, mental health consequences of IPVA were also strongly stigmatized. Clear information in their native language, summarizing infographics and potential interactive features should be main components of any eHealth intervention for this target group. Conclusion: The participants in our study deemed e‐help a potentially valuable support option for women experiencing IPVA in their community. The impact of IPVA on mental health is currently overlooked within this target group and should be emphasized in future interventions. Impact Cultural sensitivity proved crucial in understanding the concepts of IPVA amongst women with migrant backgrounds. To ensure effective eHealth interventions for migrant women, they should be involved in the design and delivery of these interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present three studies to examine intellectual humility (IH) contextualized to existential challenges across cultures. With samples (N = 1714) drawn from three regions (United States, Hong Kong, Netherlands), we explore the benefits and drawbacks of various configurations of IH and commitment to beliefs. In two studies, we created a measure of IH contextualized to existential concerns (Study 1; N = 344 adults in the U.S.), replicated its factor structure, and identified distinct profiles of belief commitment and IH (Study 2; N = 340 adults in the U.S.). Then, in our primary study (Study 3; N = 1030 adults from the U.S., Netherlands, and Hong Kong), we examined evidence for the cultural generalizability of the measure and profiles. Implications for future research on the measurement of IH, its manifestation across cultures, and its relevance to the existential domain are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents of children with developmental disabilities who have a non-western migration background often experience unique challenges in foreign health care systems. This study aimed to describe these experiences to better understand these challenges and thereby improve health care provision. Twelve parents were interviewed using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Our data was analysed, and themes were identified using open, selective, and axial coding. Multiple parents in our study had a different perception of what constitutes a "handicap", may regard it as something that is very severe and highly stigmatized and will be less aware of the complex system of care professionals that aim to support them in the care for their child. Additionally, communication with care professionals may be complicated because of language differences and expectations about the division of roles and responsibilities between parents and professionals. This may result in lower involvement in health care. As a result of cultural differences in the meaning, information and interaction about disabilities, non-western migrant parents will have a harder time coping with the diagnosis of their child's disability and will experience more challenges with their involvement in health care.1 To be aware that non-western parents who are told their child has a disability are likely to experience more shame, fear of stigma and may have other definitions of disability than western parents. To pay specific attention to explain as much as possible about the causes, meaning and medical as well as societal future expectations for children with a disability to parents with another cultural background. To explore which knowledge parents have about their child's disability and the Dutch health care system, so that information and support can be personalized. To make sure there are translators present who can not only translate in the correct language but who can also explain commonly used terms for disabilities and other medical concepts, diagnostic procedures, and other specificities of the health care system of the host country to migrant parents. To psycho-educate parents with a migrant background that they are expected to be actively involved in the professional care for their child with a disability without this having negative consequences for the care of their child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorders are diagnosed globally, but recognition, interpretation and reporting may vary across cultures. To compare autism across cultures it is important to investigate whether the tools used are conceptually equivalent across cultures. This study evaluated the factor structure of the parent-reported Autism Spectrum Quotient Short Form in autistic children from China (n = 327; 3 to 17 years) and the Netherlands (n = 694; 6 to 16 years). Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the two-factor hierarchical model previously identified. Exploratory factor analysis indicated culturally variant factor structures between China and the Netherlands, which may hamper cross-cultural comparisons. Several items loaded onto different factors in the two samples, indicating substantial variation in parent-reported autistic traits between China and the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Dutch Solid Start program aims to improve the collaboration between the medical and social sector to offer every child the best start in life. Municipalities form local coalitions of partners within the medical and social sector to support parents and children during the first thousand days. The aim of this study was to develop an indicator set for coalitions to monitor their local Solid Start program. Methods: A modified Delphi study with three rounds was carried out among Dutch experts in Solid Start practice, policy and research (n = 39) to reach consensus. Results: The indicator set included 19 indicators covering the three phases of the Solid Start program: preconception, pregnancy and after birth (up to two years). Prioritized indicators included both social and medical topics, among which poverty, psychological/ psychiatric problems, stress, smoking, cumulation of risk factors, preconception care, low literacy, premature birth, and intellectual disability. Additionally, a development agenda was established with topics and indicators that lacked data or clear operationalization (e.g. stress, unintended pregnancy, loneliness). Discussion and conclusion: The developed indicator set enhances the conversation between policymakers, managers, professionals and other stakeholders about the local situation and developments in order to prioritize interventions and policies. Next, the indicator set needs evaluation to assess its usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer can provide insight into functional, psychological and social consequences associated with illness and its treatment. The primary objective of this study is to examine the influence of cultural factors on the communication between the patient and the health care provider and the perceived QoL in women with breast cancer in Japan and the Netherlands. In Japanese and Dutch women with early breast cancer, the number, content and frequency of QoL-related issues discussed at the medical encounter were studied. Patients completed questionnaires regarding QoL and evaluation of communication with the CareNoteBook. The total number, frequency and content of QoL-related issues discussed differed between the two countries. Japanese women (n = 134) were significantly more reticent in discussing QoL-issues than the Dutch women (n = 70) (p <.001). Furthermore, Dutch patients perceived the CareNoteBook methodology significantly more positively than the Japanese patients (p <.001). Both groups supported the regular assessment via a CareNoteBook methodology. Japanese women are more reluctant in expressing their problems with the illness, its treatment and patient-physician communication than Dutch women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performs a cross-cultural comparison to understand how the drivers of switching intentions differ between countries that vary in their long-term orientation (LTO). The authors hypothesize how LTO moderates the influence of the drivers of switching intentions for a mobile phone subscription service. Structural invariance tests between consumer samples of the United States (low LTO) and the Netherlands (high LTO) reveal that, consumers from high LTO nation attribute more importance to relational quality but care less about service recovery in their formation of switching intentions. The theoretical and managerial implications of how differences in time orientation affect the pathways to loyalty are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate cultural influence on the creation of brand-related posts on Facebook, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of the diversity of user audiences, as well as the intensity of Facebook use. The online survey was conducted with a representative sample of respondents from South Korea, Thailand, the Netherlands, and the United States (N = 802). The findings show that cultural differences at both personal and national levels play a role for social relationships between users and their audiences with consequences for the creation of brand posts. Specifically, as a result of audience diversity, users in individualistic cultures create brand-related content more frequently than users in collectivistic cultures, partly as a consequence of their higher Facebook use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to test psychometric properties and factor invariance of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) for adults across five countries: Serbia (N = 409), Mauritius (N = 400), the United States (N = 389), the Netherlands (N = 372), and China (N = 325). The results supported the two–factor structure across country samples, with a marginal model fit in Mauritius. Results also supported the congruent factor structure of Reactive Aggression scale across countries, while the Proactive Aggression scale can be considered as equal across samples from Serbia, the United States, and China, but not from Mauritius and the Netherland. Among items from the Proactive Aggression scale, those referring to open aggression aimed at obtaining social status and dominance, frightening or harming others, obtained the highest loadings across all samples and could be considered as the good representatives of adult proactive aggression. This is the first study in which cross-cultural validation of the RPQ among adults has been tested and results suggested that there are some cultural differences in expression of proactive aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: highly-educated refugees; intercultural communication; intercultural communicative competence; labour market integration; resilience; hochqualifizierte geflüchtete Menschen; interkulturelle Kommunikation; interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz; Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt; Resilienz; refugiados altamente calificados; comunicación intercultural; competencia comunicativa intercultural; integración al mercado laboral; resiliencia EN highly-educated refugees intercultural communication intercultural communicative competence labour market integration resilience hochqualifizierte geflüchtete Menschen interkulturelle Kommunikation interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt Resilienz ES refugiados altamente calificados comunicación intercultural competencia comunicativa intercultural integración al mercado laboral resiliencia 31 56 26 03/11/22 20220301 NES 220301 1 Introduction As a result of wars, persecution, and human rights violations, there are currently more than 70 million forcibly-displaced people worldwide (United Nations Refugee Agency 2019). Yet while municipalities throughout the Netherlands provide basic support for such refugees, and the newcomers receive instruction in the Dutch language, they are not given any systematic ICC training - and their long-term integration into the labour market is, for the most part, an individual responsibility ([30] et al. 2015). While much more remains to be done, we thus argue that both the explicit teaching of PICC to refugees themselves, and the increased awareness of the importance of PICC among professionals who are supposed to help them, can potentially constitute sensible first steps towards assisting and promoting refugees' labour market integration. However, recent research in the Netherlands and several other EU countries ([6] et al. 2020) indicates that highly-educated refugees face the same challenges as refugees in general. [Extracted from the article]