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There has been a recent explosion of interest in the epistemology of disagreement. Much of the recent literature is concerned with a particular range of puzzle cases (discussed in the 'Cases' section of my paper). Almost all of the papers that contribute to that recent literature make mention of questions about religious disagreement in ways that suggest that there are interesting connections between those puzzle cases and real life cases of religious disagreement. One important aim of my paper is to cast doubt on that suggestion. More generally, the aim of my paper is to give a reasonably full account of the recent literature on the epistemology of disagreement, and then to give a serious discussion of some of the epistemological issues that are raised by real world religious disagreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expands on Rokeach's original construct of dogmatism outlined some fifty years ago in his classical treatise The Open and Closed Mind. It draws from Altemeyer's definition and measurement of dogmatism as well as the Big Five dimension of Closed (or Closedness) to articulate a comprehensive framework for three broad domains of characteristic subtraits: the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural. Collectively, these features form an embryonic classification system that expands earlier concepts of dogmatism. While the theory proposed here assumes that dogmatism is a personality trait consisting of 13 subtraits, six of which are necessary to determine trait presence, empirical tests on the construct validity of these subtraits are necessary to support the interpretative and explanatory framework of the model. It is hoped that research on these fundamentals will advance our psychological understanding of the psychological nature and manifestations of dogmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harman and Lewis credit Kripke with having formulated a puzzle that seems to show that knowledge entails dogmatism. The puzzle is widely regarded as having been solved. In this paper we argue that this standard solution, in its various versions, addresses only a limited aspect of the puzzle and holds no promise of fully resolving it. Analyzing this failure and the proper rendering of the puzzle, it is suggested that it poses a significant challenge for the defense of epistemic closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue that the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas is inconsistent with the ideological and economic dogmatism of psychology. His philosophy denies the adequacy of all rational, thematic accounts of human beings and thus undermines psychology's dogmatic adherence to the methods, institutional procedures, and economic practices of empiricistic, positivistic psychology. His philosophy demands that we ground our research in ethical relations and not abstract formulations. This fundamentally ethical approach to epistemology provides us with a clear, though non-rational, frame for adjudicating between different approaches to research in psychology. His philosophy allows us to judge (to qualify and disqualify) contributions to psychological research in terms of their relational, rather than their abstract or instrumental, adequacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a prolegomena to the adaptation of a content analytic measure from psychology to help in the linguistic study of writer's stance. The DOTA measure of dogmatism is applied to learner and native-speaker corpora and the results used as a starting point for more detailed corpus analysis of word and phrase frequencies. By isolating those words and phrases which are underused, overused or avoided by apprentice writers, first steps are taken towards suggesting how apprentice writers might improve their documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to study the relationship between an achievement ego scale and a hypercompetitive scale to assess a more general competitive disposition. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of 232 and 186 sport science students’ responses revealed that these two scales measure different behavioral tendencies. It seems that an ego scale measures a goal performance, in terms of social comparison, while a hypercompetitive attitude scale explains the ideological consequences of this comparison in terms of authoritarian and dogmatic thinking. A second study (n=178) tested this difference showing that the ego scale correlated only with a behavioral measure of intolerance, taken from the dogmatism scale, while a hypercompetitive attitude scale correlated with this behavioral dimension and with an ideological factor of dogmatism and authoritarianism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Several philosophers have distinguished between three distinct mental states that play a role in visual recognition: experiences, propositional seemings, and beliefs. I clarify and offer some reasons for drawing this three-fold distinction, and I consider its epistemological implications. Some philosophers have held that propositional seemings always conferprima faciejustification, regardless of a particular seeming's relation to experience. I add to criticisms of this view in the literature by arguing that it fails to solve a version of the ‘problem of the speckled hen’. A more promising view holds that propositional seemings confer justification only when appropriately related to experiences. I offer advice for developing such an account. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The problems of monologue and dialogue as communicative scenarios of religious activity implementation in the modern secular society are investigated in the paper. Dialogue and monologue prospects in religious associations' relations with one another and with the society are analyzed.

Presents the results of a survey of the perceptions of master's-level counseling students in areas of dogmatism, family ideology and religiosity. Family ideology as more strongly related to dogmatism than religiosity; Dangers associated with counseling students scoring high in dogmatism; Counselors' value system.

Conflicting stereotypes have confused the public about the motivations, ideology, and organization underlying soft drug dealing. This field study integrates new and existing images of criminality and commitment to provide insight into the complex and subterranean dealing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When individuals learn the outcome of an event or the correct answer to a question, they overestimate its prior predictability: that is, they tend to believe they "knew it all along." Cognitive and motivational interpretations of hindsight bias are briefly reviewed and a study designed to test the motivational interpretation is reported. Specifically, it was hypothesized that individual differences in the strengths of two motives, a need for predictability and a self-presentation motive, should be positively related to individual differences in the magnitude of hindsight bias. Sixty-eight subjects completed a Dogmatism Scale and an Intolerance for Ambiguity Scale (the predictability motive) and the Marlowe- Crowne Social Desirability Scale (the self-presentation motive) before participating in a standard hindsight-bias paradigm. Measures of both motives, as well as a self-reported ego-involvement measure, were positively associated with the amount of hindsight bias exhibited. Implications of this result for interpretations of hindsight and other conceptually related phenomena are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tests the hypothesis that empathy or affective sensitivity is positively related to creativity and expressiveness and inversely related to dogmatism, when gender and age are controlled. Affective Sensitivity Scale; Statement of Past and Creative Activities; Opinion Scale; Implications for persons serving as counselor.

Examines the relatedness of the following variables: dogmatism, locus of control, field of dependence/independence, and cognitive complexity, to interpret more adequately and clarify the construct of personal epistemology. Factor analysis is used to arrive at the results.

Rokeach's notion of dogmatism viewed as a system or network of beliefs and attitudes was related to the area of adoption attitudes. The Dogmatism Scale and an Adoption Attitude Scale were administered to 113 college students. Hypotheses that dogmatism would be positively related to intolerant attitudes toward adoption and areas related to adoption were almost wholly supported for the 61 males in the sample, but not the females. The results are interpreted as suggesting that the emphasis on the maternal aspects of the feminine role in our society makes attitudes toward adoption an exception to Rokeach's theory of dogmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal manifestation of the vitality of the Institut international de Sociologie was the holding of congresses from 1894 to 1912, thirteen in eighteen years, bringing together a small number of participants, it is true, but most of them authors of many works on such subjects as historical materialism, the relationship between sociology and psychology, social struggle, social solidarity, and progress. Today the Institut international de Sociologie is in reality nothing more than the central nucleus, or the permanent organ of the Federation, which as a result of its energy and perseverance is realizing, with a growing success, manifests at the last congress in Brussels in 1936, a program of international intellectual cooperation in sociological studies. The Federation permits all groups normally organized for the investigation of the laws or constant relations among all kinds of social phenomena, for the verification of sociological hypotheses constructed without dogmatism, without prejudice, to come into direct contact through the intermediary of L'Institut international de Sociologic, through its publications, and its congresses.

The article covers the question of the relation between science and citizenship. Science is the correct name for disinterested truth and that the disinterested pursuit of truth is among the highest imperatives that command the human mind. The objective is to strengthen the scientific spirit of the average citizen by bringing to the work the concentrated intellectual energies of the scientific societies. In this there would be double benefit. The citizen would take a more concrete interest in his work as a factor in the social organization. The scientific society would be more readily cured of its tendency to persist in dogmatism. For there is no doubt that, whenever any system of ideas is strong enough to make a society desirable, the society tends to become inelastic and truth will suffer. Psychologically, the scientific man cannot always be in the scientific attitude. This is because he is a creature both of emotion and will as well as of intellect. Nor can a society long maintain its neutrality of feeling. This is a fundamental truth.

The article focuses on a study on dogmatism and alienation. The researcher finds a relationship between dogmatism and alienation, but neglects the problem of acquiescence with the one-way-worded Dogmatism scale. Her results simply may show that alienated people are prone to agree with vague statements. In correlating cognitive complexity scores from the OPI with alienation scores, the researcher ignores the possibility of another artifact-the scales by liberalism/conservatism. Despite their different both scales could be seen largely as alternative scales the OPI with alienation scores, heavy contamination of both titles, from their item content of radicalism.