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The permanent museography project for the Cuatro Caminos metro station in Madrid features two historical synthesis murals whose main methodological instrument is architectural drawing. In addition, they offer narrative proposals that use resources of the avant-garde comic, together with simultaneous representations of space and time in which the chronological sense of the narrative is even manipulated. This paper analyses the two murals from the conceptual framework of the comic book in terms of the combination of the simultaneous vision of the graphic medium and the partial visions of its contents. Moreover, it ponders on the use of these resources when transmitting complex realities in heritage dissemination works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to systematize the opinions of seventeenth-century Spanish theologians and moralists on the torments suffered by souls in purgatory In order to do so, the most representative treatises published at the time, which are kept at the National Library of Madrid, have been analysed. Departing from the concepts of probity and piety, which God dictates for the provisional inhabitants of the «Third Place», the article first makes a sketch of how purgatorial penalties were treated from the earliest historical references to the council of Trent and Describes their evolution. The paper then focuses on the study of how the issue was addressed by Spanish authors. More particularly, it analysis the different types of punishments prescribed for souls in purgatory. Several categories have been found, of which some are internal to purgatory, while others are external. Among the latter, a distinction is made between penalties of damage and penalties of meaning. The paper ponders the question of why penalties of damage were considered more griefful than penalties of meaning. In so doing, it also recognizes the weight that was specifically attributed to fire, further nuancing the assessment of penalties. To finish, the article presents a catalogue of the different types of penalties described in the visions of different people and literary characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those requiring emergency health care cannot wait. Ambulances must arrive at the scene as quickly as possible. Ambulances are usually assigned to bases distributed throughout the city to minimize arrival time to the event. However, the spatial distribution of events changes during the day according to people's rhythm and city use. This paper evaluates, through location-allocation modelling, the Spatio-temporal performance of SAMUR-PC, the Emergency Medical Service of Madrid (Spain), in two different scenarios, before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the first months of the new normality period. The results show that the system responded relatively well to the change in event patterns due to the pandemic. However, some interventions would have been necessary to guarantee the same service as before the epidemiological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Franciscan and Royal Preacher Pedro Rodríguez Guillén published in 1736 in Madrid two volumes of sermons preached in the main temples of Lima, as well as in Panama and Madrid. This paper delves into a differentiating factor of his Sacred Oratory, its thematic specialization since it attends both to the nature and circumstances of the sermon, as well as to the social category and the intellectual level of his audience, which reveals the consultation of an encyclopedic and multidisciplinary Library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

María Edilia Valero, a Venezuelan writer, arrived in Madrid at the end of the 1920s with the purpose of creating a Hispanic-American cultural center that encompassed multiple scope of action. This research paper approaches the institution she created, its foundation and directions, its statutes and activities during the years it was active in Spain and its closure with the declaration of the Spanish civil war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of the initial stage of the process of women's incorporation into the teaching profession in the first faculties that formed part of the Central University of Madrid, from the time when legislation made it possible, in 1910, until the end of the civil war. The circumstances and factors that made their access to teaching possible were analysed, taking into account previous contributions through an in-depth bibliographical review, and a new list of women professors classified by faculties was compiled, which recovers and expands on the data obtained in other research, as a result of new enquiries in the historical archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schooling should make citizens scientifically literate in order to make informed decisions on socio-scientific issues, such as the use of pseudo-therapies to treat cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to know how learning is being assessed at all educational stages. However, there are hardly any studies that consider how the learning of Biology acquired during the Baccalaureate is evaluated in the university entrance exams (EvAU). Thus, in this paper, we analyse the cognitive demand required to answer the 188 questions on a biological process as relevant as cell division, which have been asked in the EvAU Biology exams of the Community of Madrid from 2002 to 2019; distinguishing among product, narrative and process questions. The results show a predominance of narrative and product questions, with lower cognitive demand, with a clear trend towards an increase in product questions until 2016. In addition, some statements are repeated and questions tend to focus on: mitosis, animal cells, chromosome dynamics or stages such as anaphase; ignoring other important structures and moments of the process such as the achromatic spindle or the prometaphase. Possible improvements are discussed, such as the inclusion of process questions that require decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American journals of psychology indexed in the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR), are generally edited by professional associations of psychologists, universities and private foundations. This paper analyzes the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, regarding the psychological journals in the area in which they edit. The methodological approach taken to explore the topic uses socio-bibliometric techniques gathering numerical data, and then using that data to perform analyses for a well-informed description of what the topic might be. The results reveal that journals, whose editor or co-editor was Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid, have increased their visibility in recent years, in both, the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR= 8 journals) and that of the Journal of Citation Reports (JCR= 7 journals) with a greater citation count for its articles, and a higher number of views and downloads for the papers published in its journals. The conclusion is, that the positioning strategy adopted by the Professional Association of Psychologists of Madrid was an effective one, involving the unification of certain rules relating to the edition of articles in their journals, the professionalization of editorial management, the electronic publishing with digital publication of journals and using the open access publishing model for scholarly communication that makes research information available to readers at no cost, as well as their integration in the list of international databases. Although a broader strategy concerning gender equality is recommended, the Spanish professional association of psychologists still stands today as the main editorial group of psychological journals indexed in JCR and SJR of Spain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims at presenting and describing some texts published in the newspapers El Argentino and El Hogar under the pseudonym "Mórdicus", behind which we have identified the figure of Arturo Costa Álvarez. A decisive proof for this identification lies in the finding of a set of manuscripts for unpublished articles also signed by the abovementioned pseudonym among the legacy of this author, preserved by the Biblioteca Pública de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, in a section bearing Costa Álvarez's name. A transcription of these manuscripts is offered in the appendix to the following paper. In the texts signed by Mórdicus, we can see how Costa Álvarez reinforces what his contemporary interventions in magazines, journals and newspapers at that time aimed at -that is, not only to establish itself as an authorized voice in the glotopolitical debate of its time, but also to defend that place against the emergence and advancement, in the 1920s, of the Instituto de Filología, an institution with directors from the Center for Historical Studies from Madrid. He does this from an alternative position, provided by the pseudonym and pervaded with mordacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze care-provision to women with disability in a great dependency situation as recognized by the Administration, who study or have studied in public universities in Andalusia and the Community of Madrid. From a qualitative perspective, based on their narratives as well as on the account of several Technicians from the Attention to Disability Programs of their corresponding Universities, we can acknowledge the resources, support and care they have relied on from the System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency (SAAD, in Spanish) as well as the Higher Education Institutions. We seek to answer if the right to inclusive education can be guaranteed in our country, based on their own opinions and perceptions about their support systems and the complexity and variety of these, as well as to delve into the articulation of their support system, identity construction and capacity for agency. This paper manifests the many limitations found in the practice of inclusive education and the fact that the support provided by the Public Administration does not enable the right to self-determination and independent life. Some mechanisms to improve inclusive education regarding women with disability in the university sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares results of two different sociophonetic analysis models: a continuous model and a categorical one. The sociophonetic variable investigated is the production of intervocalic /d/ in Madrid. In the continuous model, the weakening of /d/ was calculated by taking acoustic intensity measurements, in such a way that said analysis can accurately inform on the entire spectrum of possible productions of /d/ (i.e., from very occlusive to very weakened). In the categorical model, the weakening of /d/ was coded in a binary way (retention or total elision) so that this analysis only informs of the most extreme case of consonant weakening: elision. The same linguistic and extralinguistic independent variables were included in both statistical analyses. Although the results of both analyses show significant similarities regarding the effect of the independent variables, differences were also found. In addition to providing a sociophonetic characterization of the production of /d/ in Madrid, this article highlights some considerations that must be taken into account when examining sociophonetic phenomena with both continuous and categorical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the painter Bernardo Lorente Germán and the monarchs Philip V of Spain and his wife Elisabeth Farnese during the royal stay in Seville. We provide information about the royal provenance of one of Lorente Germán's best artistic creations: the St Michael that belonged to the Real Colegio de Santa Isabel of Madrid. Moreover, we introduce another unpublished painting (a Divine Sheperdess in private collection of Seville), which is an example of a devotion supported by the monarchs during the so-called 'Lustro Real' (1729-1733). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional offices for the communication and dissemination of science are gaining in importance at Spanish universities, and their activities can contribute to increasing the visibility and reputation of researchers. The objective of this study is to analyze the relations between the institutional communication of research results to the public and the impact and academic visibility of scientific papers. For this purpose, science communication and dissemination undertaken through press releases on R+D+i results from the Science Culture and Innovation Unit (SCIU) at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) were selected as a case study. This SCIU was chosen because it has published yearly reports for more than a decade on the impact in the media of its press releases. Press dossiers of the last five years available (2014-2018) were examined, and a database was created of the citations received by texts published in scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science as well as their mentions on social networks through the company Altmetric.com. After that, this information was statistically analyzed. The main results show that the journal impact index is important for obtaining academic citations or appearing in Twitter conversations. However, the influence of the journal impact factor turns out to be lower when it comes to popularizing scientific publications in the media. Furthermore, the statistical evidence points to the fact that scientific publications disseminated through the SCIU receive proportionally more citations than research that has not been disseminated through the institutional channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Diccionario del español jurídico ('Dictionary of Legal Spanish', DEJ), providing information on its origin and setting in the 18th and 19th centuries (a succinct reference to non-academic lexicography is incorporated), and traces the development and history of the first academic lexicographic work up to the present. The macrostructure and specifically selected Latin maxims are analyzed with the forms that they can adopt in the lemmata or within the articles, and data contained in the corresponding encyclopaedic information are discussed. An ANNEX is included with 489 Latin legal maxims from among those contained in the DEJ, which are here printed in roman and bold characters (personal or non-personal verbs, as well as segments without an express verbal predicate [which constitute "minimum units of predication"], are here expressed or omitted). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as main objective to analyze from the press of greater circulation of Madrid the course of the regional and municipal elections that were held in Spain on 8th of May in 1983, in order to examine the argumentation and partisan positions of the newspapers. The methodology is based on the analysis of editorials and opinion articles that were published in ABC, Diario 16 and El País from the beginning of the electoral campaign until the evaluation of the results at the polls. The main conclusions of this article indicate that, despite their ideological differences, all the newspapers agreed that after these elections, two party system and democracy in Spain were ratified, thus ending the transitional period after Franco's death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world of contemporary sacred art has experienced in recent decades a return to figuration linked to the rediscovery of icons. Different authors have turned to the Eastern tradition to retake a path of the sacred image that in the Church of the West had already been lost for the sake of a certain iconoclasm especially present in the central decades of the 20th century. Overcoming these moments of crisis of the sacred image, especially linked to the Liturgical Movement and its architectural expression through German functionalism, a determined attitude of recovery of the icon is observed as a category especially conducive to the creation of sacred and liturgical art, also rediscovering itself, in a more theoretical sphere, the theology associated with these plastic expressions. For this reason, we have discovered over the last decades a recovery of the icon that extends beyond the limits of the Orthodox world, creating paths of reciprocal influences between East and West. In this paper, the influence of the oriental icon in contemporary sacred art will be analyzed through the study of the contributions that Kiko Argüello and Marko Ivan Rupnik have made in the Cathedral of La Almudena in Madrid between 2004 and 2011. The comparative study of different Iconographies will allow us to appreciate the assumption and reinterpretation of eastern models as a vehicle for the renewal of western sacred art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The singing profession in the nineteenth century allowed women to opt for a social reality that differed from the household model. Those who stood out for their vocal styling or those who wanted to develop their artistic sensitivity could have access to official or private singing education. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the activity carried out by women in the process of teaching-learning of singing during the nineteenth century in Spain, despite de limitations of the time. For that purpose, the focus will be on two representative vocal training institutions: the Conservatory in the public system in Madrid and the Lyric-dramatic school in the private sphere. This research is based on the review and analysis of documentation, mostly historical, through which several aspects have been recreated: the type of vocal instruction that women had access to, their role within the education system and the professional careers of those studies. Even though there were few differences between both genders during the training period, the low presence of female singing teachers in teachers' staff meetings, the limited opportunities to teach male singers, and relative paucity of places in which to publish their didactic methods demonstrate the long way that still lied ahead in achieving gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different international agendas (OECD, Europe 2020) consider the promotion of knowledge based activities and innovation. The objective of this research is to analyze the strategic role of high technology-intensive industries, knowledge-intensive services and the cultural industries in Madrid. The paper begins by reviewing the approaches to strategic sectors in large European capitals. The analysis of firm networks in the region confirms the importance of these sectors in Madrid's global connections and the articulation of their economic flows, but also the heterogeneous nature of the temporal and spatial trends of employment. Without losing sight of the tendency by large cities to replicate the selection of similar strategic sectors, their role in urban and regional development strategies would have a solid base in the case of Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Diccionario de música, técnico, histórico, bio-bibliográfico was published in Madrid, in 1899. It is the first dictionary of musical terminology written by a Spanish woman, the musicologist and pianist María Luisa Lacal de Bracho (1874-1962). Luisa Lacal's contribution to the history of music and specialized lexicography has not been studied to date, although it is an important link in the scarce tradition of dictionaries of musical terminology in Spanish begun in the mid-nineteenth century (Fargas and Soler 1852, Melcior 1859, Parada y Barreto 1868 and, especially, his predecessor Pedrell 1894, more technical) and the subsequent development of other specialized lexicographic products already in the twentieth century. Our interest is focused on offering information about the methodology and contents of this 600-page dictionary that includes not only musical technicalities but also encyclopedic information, historical digressions and very abundant and up-to-date news about institutions, works and authors both Spanish and foreign of all times, but especially contemporary. A second aim of this paper is to offer biographical data of Luisa Lacal and the production context of her dictionary; that is, to show the task of someone who can be considered the first known Spanish woman lexicographer, a pioneer in the field of specialized lexicography in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last reforms of the ways of management of health public services, especially those carried out recently in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, have activated an intense debate about the possibility of using ways of managing with private cooperation to carry out functions related to health public services in a context of economic crisis. This paper explains the ways of private cooperation in the public health manage, specially, the concession. Also, the paper analyzes the constitutional and legal admission of this ways of manage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that soccer is a highly political sport and places itself in the crosshairs of capital questions such as membership and identity, the goal of the present article is to analyze how the discourse of Spanish identity is constructed in the sports press. To that purpose, the author conduct an exhaustive content analysis focused on the four main daily sports papers with the highest print run and circulation in Spain. Specifically, it studies the information published about the Spanish team during its participation in the 2006 World Cup in Germany. The article focuses on the role that the sports media currently plays as active agents of ideological transmission of a banal nationalism, and points out the differences that this media process of constructing a Spanish nationality shows compared to non-democratic periods. The article also highlights the existing discrepancies between the ways in which this identity is formed in the sports papers edited in Madrid (centralist) and the ones edited in Barcelona (autonomist). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the widespread concern in society about young people's shortcomings in terms of writing skills, this article aims to analyze whether that competence is developed and assessed at University. The academic community cannot remain indifferent to this problem, so it is important to include the improvement of this skill in the academic curriculum. The development of writing skills is a general competence and it is considered, therefore, necessary for any study and any profile. Particularly in Business Administration, the acquisition of good written expression is not restricted to any course, but can potentially be developed in several of them over the degree, and the subject *Final Research Project* is one of the courses which can best frame the acquisition of this skill. Therefore, in this paper we develop an analysis of the design, organization, content and assessment of the Final Research Project in all universities of the Community of Madrid, both public and private, in which the degree in Business Administration is offered. The study was compiled with information obtained from the curriculum and the academic catalogue for the course, both of them available on the websites of the different universities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the death of the dictator, Spanish cinema began to offer a series of films committed to portraying the Civil War. These narratives often selected characters from the Republican side—civilians or combatants—underscoring their suffering and the violence that characterized this era. Yet, it could be asked whether these productions genuinely attempt to rehabilitate the Republicans, who previously had been so vilified. In contrast to the films made during the dictatorship, which were based on simplified and mythical representations, do these new stories succeed in creating new myths? This paper sets out to examine what has changed and what has not in representations of the Civil War in film productions from the transition to democracy onwards. In this way, we can analyse how aspects of the Francoist myth-making persist in certain films which retain obvious links to the cinema of the dictatorship. It also explores how the representation of the war evolves in five films dealing with two Republican myths: the siege of Madrid and the defence of Barcelona. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyse the institutionalisation of nutrition sciences in Spain in the second half of the twentieth century, and evaluate the activities of the journal Anales de Bromatologia. Method: Descriptive bibliometric study of the original articles. Full names of the authors and the complete article title were recorded. Using key words, each article was assigned by consensus of the researchers to a single main subject in accordance with the thirteen subject areas addressed by the Spanish Society of Bromatology in its meetings. An analysis was conducted of the distribution and trends of general productivity indicators and their characteristics. Results: A total of 917 original articles were published, with a mean of 20.8 papers/year. The subjects for which the highest percentage of articles was recorded were foreign substances in foods, foods of plant origin and nutrition. A total of 874 authors contributed, with a collaboration rate of 2.43 and a transience rate of 70.1%. Distribution of the number of authors per article was close to that indicated by Lotka's law of scientific productivity. The top twelve producers, predominantly women, participated in 49.9% of the articles published. Conclusion: The journal showed low productivity and was of an endogamous nature, with a predominance of authors related to the School of Bromatology in the Faculty of Pharmacy, at the Complutense University. The subjects addressed reflected the demands of the nutrition transition in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces inference based stochastic dominance tools to decompose the difference between economic welfare and poverty among countries or regions into inequality effect and income effect. To this aim, the variances and covariances matrix of the generalized Lorenz curve used in that decomposition are developed. The methodology is applied to Spain and its regions for the period 2003-2007. The conclusion is that in some regions, especially AndalucIa and Madrid, the income distribution is clearly anti-poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the legitimacy of hidden camera like a research method in journalism. This analysis is proposed from three different perspectives: legal, deontological and journalists' opinion on practical dilemmas. The conclusions obtained in each of these areas are complementary and provide more specific criteria to deal with hard case in which journalist is torn between the right to citizens" information and respect for the law and deontological codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the practical teaching experience conducted by a professor of parasitology over eleven years, valuing the pedagogical interest has raised the incorporation of different teaching resources over the years in relation to both the needs of students as technology requirements have been imposed on our society. Are valued, the benefits of using crossword puzzles with definitions and short videos on DVD and teaching a university discipline in order to improve the teaching-learning process of students in the Bachelor of Pharmacy University of Alcalá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study are to determine the influence and analyze the importance of reading habits as a leisure activity, and quantify the time dedicated to it, compared with other media, as television and radio. A questionnaire was used, adapted to characteristics of the population studied, and the data was processed with SPSS. To sum up, the profile of the most usual reader in the Universidad Europea de Madrid, is a woman, attending a degree in Communication and Humanities as a freshmen or sophomore. She reads novels and tales (in paper format and in Spanish) once or twice a week and much more during the holidays. She usually watches TV and uses Internet mainly to read the mail. She does not read the press everyday and goes to the library mainly to study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological approach followed by a Drug Addict Public Assistance Center, belonging to the Antidrug Agency of the Health Regional Ministry of the County of Madrid, to treat a subject with cocaine addiction and alcohol abuse, is presented. The treatment, based on the radical behavioral paradigm, is an exception rather than a common approach in the drug addict field. The case presented in this paper intends to show the usefulness of third generation behavior treatments when dealing with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the conversational strategy known as "intensification" from a sociolinguistic perspective. The data consists of a collection of informal conversations among Spanish women from Madrid, together with a set of oral interviews with women from the same speech community. The results illustrate the social change that have developed in Madrid, as they are codified in the Spanish spoken in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of official institutions such as the Academies of the Spanish Language and the Instituto Cervantes in the creation of a Hispanic linguistic community, which is meant to represent a guarantee of cultural unity across the Atlantic after two hundred years of independence. This article highlights the project's faults: the neocolonialist aspects of its linguistic policy, and the submission of particular members of the Spanish American academic and social elites in these metropolitan-inspired initiatives. It also examines the economic logic behind such initiatives in the global market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialized information portals on Internet is a common topic of debate, but the cybermedia that covers financial information on the Net is rarely discussed. The specificity of its contents and the public that is specifically focused to make these means differ significantly from other information portals specialized. In this paper, focused on reference sitios Intereconomía.com and Bloomberg.com, the method of comparative analysis has been a quantitative and qualitative twofold. It highlighted the fact that we present the results carried out by the research group "Cybermedia" of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. One of the main findings of the study is that, as it happens in other specialized media, these portals have a high degree of independence regarding its means of innovation. However, speaking in general terms, these two areas have more common than differentiating elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experience of a program evaluation in Madrid - the evaluation of a social care program for people with chronic and severe mental illness. It is a global evaluation, including different aspects of the program - although a special attention is paid to the resources network. The evaluation process is described, including goals, methodology, phases, activities, instruments and procedures. Finally, some results are shown concerning evaluation in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of both the current need to formulate a comprehensive treatment for severe chronic mentally ill patients and the increasing tendency to outpatient care, this paper presents a theoretical review of two acknowledged socio-community based approaches -- the assertive community treatment and the therapeutic accompaniment. First, a definition of "severe chronic mental illness" is forwarded along with a brief review of the background of socio-community based intervention. Then, an outline of the community social support team is made -- a new multidisciplinary device in Madrid Region for treating this kind of patients. Finally, practical considerations are made about issues such as the concept of setting, in vivo treatment, illness awareness and the importance of community involvement in the treatment of these patients. Some recommendations are also made for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dimensional structure of a set of mathematical achievement tests used to assess the academic achievement in the Community of Madrid during 2005-06 and 2006-07 years and in three cohorts corresponding to the following academic degrees: 5th-6th of primary education, 1st-2nd and 3-4th of compulsory secondary education (ESO). The results coming from classical factor analysis and full information factor analysis are compared. Therefore a longitudinal study is performed in order to test whether such structure remains constant along time. The results confirm that most of the tests are mostly unidimensional structures. Meanwhile, it was proven that as the complexity of the contents increase, the complexity of the dimensional structure tests increase as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is it that characterizes adolescents' small talk? Adolescent language is often accused of being sloppy, that is, not only badly articulated or vague, often with cut-off sentences, but also full of slang, taboo and swear words, and not least sprinkled with unnecessary pragmatic markers. As highlighted in the recently collected corpus, Madrid adolescents' small talk has similar characteristics, represented, for instance, by the frequent vagueness marker "y eso," the pragmatic marker "en plan," and the slang intensifier "mazo." It is also characterized by an abundant use of contact-creating expressions, both in the form of contact-checking tags such as "eh" and "no" and, in particular, vocatives such as "tía" and "tronco." But all these devices are used for a purpose. In addition to facilitating and keeping the conversation going, they are used to involve the listeners and create rapport between speaker and listener. In other words, besides the strategic discourse function, they have a strong social and bonding effect. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the use of these strategies leads to a successful outcome of small talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to identify the professional competencies that teachers working in the autonomous community of Madrid consider necessary in their educational practice. With this aim, a questionnaire was designed to analyze the importance of such competencies to teachers in the practice of their profession, the employment of these competencies, and training the teachers received in how to carry these competencies. Next, our compiled results are compared with those of other research in this field, and finally some proposals for initial training are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the training that teachers working in Madrid are currently receiving on intercultural education. In particular we show the results of our research, in which we interviewed the advisors who plan this kind of training in the Support Centres for Teachers (Centros de Apoyo al Profesorado). Some specific themes explored are: changes in the demand for training in intercultural education, the main topics covered in the training courses, the most appropriate people to give the courses, the main training areas requested by teachers and the main factors which influence the success or failure of this type of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ICT), in special the Internet, have become the main channel of communication in the world, allowing the access to information and knowledge from every point and at every moment. This popularity has been feasible, in part, because in the last few years the administrative and informative services based on the web have proliferated, and also, because of the improvement of exponential number of users with access to the Internet. However, the growth of the society of information and ICT means an opportunity to improve the social and labour integration for disabled people, but it doesn't eliminate risks for them and maybe it will become a new barrier, an other impossibility for handicapped people. This paper examines how this fate can be avoided. It introduces the main aspects of disabled persons protection (legislation, guidelines, the disabled types, the main integration problems…), and, from them, the main problems of their access to the Internet are faced. The level of compliance of the accessibility guidelines is examined, and the available and possible tools to reduce access barriers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the procedures that the German Embassy in Madrid used since 1933 to reach the German audiences who were living in Spain. It is focused on the distribution and willingness to promote propaganda documentaries; how the German authorities did it and which outcomes they got. Unpublished documentation from the German and Spanish archives are utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is propose a Learning Organization Model based in a knowledge-organizational learning circuit and supported by facilitators that impulse the conversion of the individual into organizational knowledge. This Model is applied to the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is supported by a socio-anthropological study focused on a sample of HIV test made in Madrid among homosexual men, in order to explore why this kind of population refuses or delays making HIV analyses. From a practical point of view, we try to generate new approach designs to make these social actors change their minds toward the tests. During the field work we detect five manners to react in relation to the HIV epidemic, labeled as: prevention, typical gay, isolation, self-confident, and survival. Each of one of these categories has been understood interlinking the strategies used to access (or not) the HIV test with the cultural framework meanings and the social conditions in which these strategies are generated and carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Unit of Psychological Attention at SUMMA 112 carried out a medium-term follow-up survey with a 185 victims sample three months after the terrorist attacks on 11th March 2004 in Madrid. The results are presented in this paper. A protocol designed ad hoc by the Unit and TOP-8 scale were administered by telephone. During the follow-up 54 percent of the victims sample (64 percent women) showed probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 34 percent of victims received mental assistance one week after the terrorist attacks. A high number of respondents (83 percent) indicated a reduction of their initial symptoms during the survey, those which urged them to call SUMMA 112 emergency numbers in the first moments after the attacks. These results show the consequences on victims of a traumatic event and the relevance of immediate and close assistance in psychological crisis intervention in order to diminish the negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note has three objectives: First, to discover what the attitude of citizens towards towards the subsidiarity principle is; next, to examine whether or not there is a consistent relationship between, on the one hand, the attitude towards the subsidiarity principle and, on the other hand, the opinions and preferences on the question of the distribution of power, functions and resources among the different levels of government; and thirdly, to identify the typical citizen characteristics that show consistent attitudes and opinions. The research focuses on the province of Barcelona and the Community of Madrid. The last section of the paper contains some thoughts about possible avenues to further research on these questions and a short discussion on the implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we want to analyze the pictures publishing in the Spanish and international newspapers before the Madrid terrorist attack, March, 11. With this research we get some ideas about freedom speech limits: the respect of the privacy and, in special, the respect of the pain. At the same time, we'll remark the importance of the photography in the press and their communication power. For this research we used the March, 11 and 12 newspapers of most important Spanish editors and the digital edition of international press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This library co-operation and co-ordination project was started in 2002 by the health libraries of the Regional Health System of Madrid. Its background —including the completion of the transfer of health responsibilities from the central government to the autonomic government, the creation of the "Laín Entralgo Agency for Training, Research and Health Studies" as well as the creation within the Agency of the "Committee of Health Libraries"— are described in this paper. Furthermore, the achievements of this consortium (sharing electronic collections, common patron training programmes and digital library) are also explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a microethnographic analysis of a speech event known as la ronda, a common activity in many preschool and primary classrooms, during which children present narratives of their personal experience to the class. The study was conducted in a public preschool classroom for five year olds in Madrid, Spain; the speech event was followed up during a full academic year. The results support that this communicative event is instrumental in transforming the class into a moral community (Shweder, 1996). This process is reflected in the way emotionally charged topics are handled, establishment of out-of-school behaviour norms, construing shared experiences, and the rights and duties governing social interaction during the speech event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]