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Objective/Context: In this research we analyze the change in heterosexual masculinities in Argentina and Mexico during the second half of the twentieth century with a special focus on working class men who, while playing the insertive role in sex with maricas, jotas and gays, still considered themselves and were perceived by their peers to be straight. The evidence shows that, although sex between maricas and young heterosexual men occurred frequently, it was not stigmatized by straight peers, nor did it erode the perceived heterosexuality of these young men in any way. Methodology: In order to explore the representation of sexual activities from the point of view of those involved we conducted in-depth interviews and used a wide range of historical evidence, such as autobiographical literature, ethnographies, and judicial records, materials that have not previously been analyzed together. In addition to discussing self-representations, this paper also analyzes the ways in which scholars and activists from the time period perceived sex between men and the associated identitites. Originality: This paper rests on a comparative approach that helps to reconstruct regional historic and social processes in the midterm. This is the first paper that studies the problem from these straight young men's point of view, based on a novel and diverse corpus. Conclusions: In opposition to the prevailing analysis, this paper develops a counter-intuitive hypothesis: given that sex between men did not deprive heterosexual men of their identity and, instead, it constituted a way of reaffirming their masculinity, these sexual activities between men cannot be categorized as homosexual. On the contrary, the very performance of same-sex sexuality served to shape heterosexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thie main objective of this paper is the conceptual study and characterization of slow journalism from an academic and professional perspective. As a methodological process, a total of 76 files have been analyzed, of which 58 correspond to publications of authors from the academic world and 18 to journalism professionals. Thie publications come from the academic world on information and journalistic quality, on digital journalism and narrative journalism, as emerging journalistic routines with potential and creative dynamics in the media sector. Thie other part of the analysis corresponds to 18 professional journalism experts. Among the most outstanding results is the preeminence of the academic world when it comes to studying the phenomenon, given that among those who practice journalism there is less production of works in this regard compared to those coming from the university environment. Also in academia there is a greater profusion of denominations to refer to the phenomenon in Spanish, although both in academia and in the journalistic profession itself the most commonly used term is the Anglo-Saxon term slow journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the feasibility of exporting spiral notebooks from Argentina to Mexico. We consider this possibility for a leader Argentinean enterprise both, the Argentinean and Mexican markets are studied, and also the strategic positioning of the several enterprises operating in the Mexican market. We also include a sensitive analysis on the exchange rate, giving as a result several alternative scenarios for possible competition among the enterprises. We conclude that it is very convenient for this type of enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes debt securitization in underdeveloped countries, using the case of Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. We argue that the three countries have had a significant increase in the issuance of debt securities. However, the nature of the securities issued is different in each nation. In the case of Argentina, the increase in international debt securities in circulation has to do with the issuance of government securities. In Mexico, the increase is more related to the new financing needs of Mexican non-financial corporations. While in Brazil, the increase in the issuance of debt securities is due to a combination of both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy coordination and fiscal multipliers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. To do so, we first look at the theoretical framework of the New Consensus Macroeconomics (NCM), and then analyze the trends in the four countries for variables including consumption, investment, government spending, and interest rates. Finally, we present an estimate of the spending and monetary multipliers with proxy variables. The contribution of this paper consists of one, showing the inexistence of the crowding out effect, and two, quantifying the multipliers for the aforementioned countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative analysis in relation to the emergency of the studies on educational inequalities in Mexico and Argentina, between the fifties and sixtys of the twentieth century. Theoretics, methodologic and comparative perspective is used, for draw up to similarities and differences between both countries. Two points are relevant: convergence is highlighted in the rationales underlying the emerging research on educational inequalities in both countries, as well as the relevance of certain discursive transfers between international and na tional productions, both facts makes each case singu lar and sig nificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to give continuity to my previous work about the software industry and information technology services, but this time focused on the study of the dynamics of the cluster technology in local experiences. So the paper inquires this dynamic in two cities: Merida (Yucatan, Mexico) and Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina) .The aim of approaching these two case studies is based on the interest in these two cities, since they have a innovative productive profile, with significant growth rates and that this strategy is added to other activities of high added value. In this sense the production of software and new technologies, are creating a climate conducive to local development. This paper examines the socio-economic context of each city, the background to the creation of the cluster technology, international cooperation and international institutional business, public policy in the territorial cluster, the profile and activities of the companies in there, and the characteristics of their human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents partial results of two studies conducted in Mexico and Argentina, aiming at characterizing secondary education from a quantitative-qualitative perspective. A number of concerns about the serious problems that high schools in Mexico face is shared. The main thesis is intended to demonstrate that the problems of secondary education in Mexico and Jalisco are more related to the structure than to the curricular reforms on which policies have been focusing for the secondary level in the last two administrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional writing of sentences and texts, the words are separated by blank spaces. However, the beginnings of literacy often observed hyposegmentations and hyper-segmentations between words. Hypo-segmentation occurs when adequate separation between words is missing, whereas hyper-segmentation takes place when a word is separated incorrectly and a space is inserted between two of its elements. Research on this topic is scarce and has registered the appearance of arbitrary joints and separations both in content and functional words, but has failed to account for all of the phenomena observed in children's writing. This paper has two aims: first of all, characterize the type and frequency of the unconventional separations between words written at the end of the first year of primary schooling in Mexican and Argentinian children, by reason of the different literacy modalities of both countries. The expectations prescribed in the curricula of both countries are different: Mexico expected children to learn to read and write words and sentences at the end of preschool. In Argentina those expectations are related to the first cycle of primary schooling. Regarding the teaching methodologies to which the children screened were exposed, although it is not possible to characterize them as exhaustive, since teachers often introduce different variants, they are predominantly phonic in the case of Mexico, and derived from the psychogenesis of the language written in the case of Argentina. Second, identifying the possible connection be tween these phenomena and variables as reading, writing and vocabulary performance range. There fore, thirty Argentinian and Mexican children between six and seven years of age (mean age: six years and nine months) were examined through (both spontaneous and dictated) writing, reading and vocabulary tests. The notion of morphological formants was used to linguistic analysis of child productions; this allowed for the categorization of all the unconventional segmentations which came up. Among some of the results of this study, we would like that the proposed classification turned out to be extremely useful and even more adequate than other classifications in terms of word -function and word -content. Secondly, it should be pointed out that unconventional separations were more frequently observed in dictations. Thirdly, Mexican children obtained higher scores when reading words and pseudo-words, which demonstrate that they have better control of the alphabetic principle in comparison with the Argentinian ones. Fourthly, and in agreement with other research, hypo-segmentation frequency of appearance turned out to be higher than hyper-segmentation, both groups displaying similar characteristics. On the one hand, the average scores for the mistakes made failed to show any significant differences in terms of children's nationalities. On the other hand, even though such hypo-segmentations mostly appeared due to union of a lexical and a grammatical formant, in other cases only lexical or grammatical formants were joined, which proves once again how useful the categorization was. Finally, correlations with the levels of word reading and writing, reading comprehension and vocabulary range turned out to be low. In connection with this, with the limitations of the case number, it can be pointed out that wrong segmentation goes beyond the children's performance within such variables and seems to be an evolutive stage within the progressive control of reflection upon and conscious manipulation of lexical items. It would prove interesting to increase the study to one larger number of participants and made longitudinal studies, during the schooling process enabling to clear out the evolution of the phenomena examined throughout the schooling period. It should be pointed out that unconventional word separations are not always spotted at school and that their persistence, unless proper intervention strategies are used, may have sub sequent repercussions on text production, which corresponds to more advanced schooling levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between the performance of Latin American stock markets with their real economies, applying seven econometric models for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The relationship between stock market yields in these countries and their respective GDPS is examined and compared, applying to the series for each country unit root tests, cointegration analysis, error correction model analysis, Granger causality modeling, self-regression vector analysis, stimulus and response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The series comprise the following stock markets: Argentina's MERVAL, Brazil's BOVESPA, Chile's IGPA, and Mexico's IPC, as compiled by Economática. The GDP series were obtained from the Cepalstat data base. The series are monthly and are for the period 1993-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crises are unexpected events that trigger and enable change in the policy regime. To analyze how the policy paradigm changes, this paper analyzes three different crises: Argentina in 2000-2003, Spain in 2008-2011, and Mexico in 1994-1996. The question of the article is: How does crisis trigger change in the policy regime? To answer, is shown that crisis destroy the preexisting government's coalitions, enable the formation of new coalitions that face the crisis that are also substituted after the crisis for a new coalition to institutionalize the new policy paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops, under the framework of a small, open, and monetary economy, a stochastic model of inflation stabilization taking as a nominal anchor the exchange rate when credibility is imperfect. The agents have expectations driven by two processes: a diffusion-jump process for the devaluation rate where the size of a possible devaluation has an extreme value distribution, and a mean-reverting stochastic volatility process (a continuous version of the GARCH (1,1) model). This appropriately models that inflation is substantially more persistent than the devaluation rate; as showed the stylized facts about extreme devaluations registered in Mexico in 1994 and in Argentina in 2001. It is assumed that there is no a derivatives market to hedge against future devaluations, that is, the financial markets are incomplete. Under this framework, interior and corner solutions are examined when a stabilization plan with imperfect credibility is implemented. It is also studied an experiment in which the mean expected inflation takes a greater value from some time in the future and stays there forever, taking into account the probability that this monetary policy occurs. The case of a stochastic horizon of stabilization with the exponential distribution is studied. Moreover, the real option to postpone consumption is valued when a stabilization plan is to be abandoned. Also, exogenous shocks on consumption and economic welfare are assessed. Finally, the proposed model is used to carry out simulations that reproduce the booms of private consumption before the anti-inflationary plans were abandoned in Mexico in 1990-1994 and in Argentine in 2001-2003, when extreme devaluations took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reconstructs some findings of the project "Common arithmetic knowledge and productive and social practices"; the questions which direct it are: What sort of number and calculus problems its productive and social insertion poses to these organizations? IA/hat are the social worries that support the strategies in the solving of arithmetic problems? The empirical referent is constructed through the perspective of two women who lead two productive organizations (in Mexico and Argentina) of self-management linked to craft production. Some analytical advances referred to Mexico (Purepecha indigenous community) are reported. In particular, the uses of numeracy and their links to the community social criteria of extra mathematical order that underlie and cross different situations which are framed not in an individual action, but in a collective one. These criteria rule two kinds of relations: the inner ones and the outer ones, crossed by the concerns around power (the nice power) and the defence (to face the outside) of the organization. The reconstructing of these senses implies a positioning that redefines the polarity literacy! illiteracy, by asking how one can learn to read or write numbers under such circumstances, when the knowledge of the number writings is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology, which is the manipulation of matter at a scale of one billionth of a meter, is poised to be one of the main technological developments of the twenty-first century. Although great uncertainty still surrounds it, the advances in nanotechnology have been impressive, and, given its potential, capitalist competition in the field is becoming increasingly intense. This paper addresses nanotechnology from a socio- political and geo-economic perspective in order to highlight the dynamics and interests at stake, the social networks and power relations involved, and the existing tensions due to capitalist competition and contradiction, among other aspects. This case study of nanotechnology in the Western hemisphere allows us to show and discuss some of the principal ways high technology is fomented in the metropolis (the United States in this case) and how this research agenda is adopted in the periphery (in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]