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Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The paper starts by casting new light to the existing Phase Lock Loop (PLL) schemes used to synchronize the static converters with the grid under utility disturbances. Two approaches are pursued to detect the fundamental harmonic of the positive-sequence component of the grid voltages in presence of the disturbances. Arithmetical approaches improve the operation of the basic PLL circuit by making robust the PLL algorithm. Structural approaches improve the operation of the basic PLL circuit by adding a block intended to cope with the disturbances. This paper considers the structural approach and shows that it works by either post processing the detected grid quantities or preprocessing the grid voltages. Afterwards, the paper proposes an improved PLL scheme termed as double processing (DP) PLL scheme since it includes preprocessing and post processing functionalities. By properly designing the scheme parameters, it is proved that the proposed scheme exhibits superior robustness against the utility disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a methodology for the assessment of distributed generation (DG) implementation programs in power systems. The assessment of such programs is performed through different indexes that consider the chargeability and voltage profile of the network under different operative scenarios. Additionally, the effect of simple contingencies (N-1 criterion) was taken into account. Initially, the indexes are used to diagnose the system and identify critical elements and scenarios. Subsequently, the effect of the implementation of DG programs in the network is evaluated when it is distributed uniformly and when it is located in the critical nodes identified in the base case. Several tests were performed on the IEEE 24 and 57 bus test systems. Results show that DG leads to an important reduction of the criticality of both lines and operative scenarios when located in strategic nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnura is the property of Tecnura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Energía y Computación is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Visión Electrónica is the property of Fondo de Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper analyzes the modeling of a distribution network as an energy market, moving from a monopolistic structure to a scenario with an increasing number of competitors. To achieve this objective, the scenario of a network considering the transition from centralized to distributed supply was evaluated. Comparison of the characteristics of the energy market, such as price and quantity, considering the distributed and centralized generation was done, also taking into account the increasing levels of penetration of renewable energies. The results showed that as the level of penetration increases, the price of energy decreases, although very slowly, because of the price-demand elasticity of energy. Finally, it is concluded that the structure of the energy market is changing due to the new technologies of generation of energy and distributed generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we review about some control techniques used in electrical microgrids, with a special emphasis on those used for the operation in island mode, which is an expected feature in rural microgrids. On the other hand, the dispatch management is presented as a control strategy that impacts the energy quality of the microgrid associated with the concept of Hosting Capacity, which, in this specific case, it refers to the restrictions the system may have about chargeability given the generation. Finally, it is important to mention that this work was developed in the framework of the project: "Incremento en las estrategias sustentables en el uso del recurso de energía eléctrica para la población vulnerable del departamento de Cundinamarca". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an assessment of optimal location and sizing of distributed generation in distribution systems. For such an assessment the following search techniques were implemented: i) simulated annealing, ii) variable neighborhood search, iii) genetic algorithm and iv) hybrid genetic algorithm. Two objectives have been considered in the optimal location and sizing problem: the minimization of electric power losses and the improvement of voltage profile. To compare the effectiveness of the methodologies a 34 bus distribution test system is used. The correct location and sizing of the distributed generation allowed substantially improving the voltage profile of the network and reducing in 80% the power losses in the test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for optimal Distributed Generation (DG) allocation using a hybrid genetic algorithm. In this case, the objective function is the minimization of power losses. The proposed algorithm involves an artificial neural network to evaluate the fitness function and a local search subroutine that allows the algorithm to explore a wider search space, and eventually, escape from local optimal solutions. The proposed approach was tested on a 34-bus system showing that the proper allocation of DG units allows the reduction of active power losses and the improvement of voltage profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The distribution networks have been designed so that the power flows in a single direction. When the Distributed Generation is introduced this consideration is no longer valid. Distributed Generation will bring new challenges for the operation and the design of the network. One of the most critical areas affected is the electric protection. This paper discusses issues of how the adjustments of the electric protection are affected when the Distributed Generation is introduced in a distribution network. For this purpose, the network was simulated with the help of the software named PSX. The generation was connected in different places, with different capacities and types. The levels of short circuits were calculated in the different scenarios in which the protections were adjusted. A set of interesting results was obtained, which can lead to new strategies in what concerns to these protections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) in electric power system. The candidate buses for DG placement are identified on the bases of locational marginal prices. These prices are obtained by solving an optimal power flow (OPF) and correspond to the Lagrange multipliers of the active power balance equations in every bus of the system. In order to consider the distributed generation in the OPF model, the DG was modeled as a negative injection of active power. The methodology consists of a nonlinear iterative process in which DG is allocated in the bus with the highest locational marginal price. Three types of DG were considered in the model: 1) internal combustion engines, 2) gas turbines and 3) microturbines. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE 30 bus test system. The results obtained show that DG contributes to the reduction of nodal prices, and it can help to alleviate congestion problems in the transmission network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reciprocating machine (RM) is one of the technology more used on distributed generation (DG). The presence of RM not manner its operation form need an analysis about differents problems: One of them is related with power quality (PQ). First results obained inside one study directed to obtain answers about differents perturbations for the RM presence like shortcircuit and voltage variation on RM termianls and rejected charge is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Dyna is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Facultad de Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)