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There have been new facets of multilateralism, which have motivated the realignment of traditional power relations established globally, especially regarding the United States and China. This new strategic environment can be observed in changes made to the Brazilian National Defense White Paper (LBDN) of 2020, as well as in the dialectic between white papers of the United States (2017), and China (2019). To investigate these realignments and their possible impacts on the Brazilian defense sector, the analysis was carried out in two phases: (1) analysis of the general characteristics of the Defense White Papers by the USA and China; and (2) comparison of discourses conveyed in chapters on international cooperation in each Defense White Paper. Speech patterns were analyzed according to rationales of Lexical Semantics and Critical Discourse Analysis. As a result, elements of semantic fields, intertextuality and modality in discourse were pointed out as parameters that could contribute to the evaluation of cooperation and deterrence/dissuasion actions to be adopted by the USA and China in the 21st century.

After a brief survey of ideas about synesthesia in philosophy, science and the arts, this paper explores the common qualities of the parameters of colour, graphic shape (including typography), timbre and texture, hypothesizes a number of points of correspondence and argues for their semiotic importance in the contemporary multimodal communication of identity.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1495-1511 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. – II. The identity of the EU and European values. – III. A constitutional moment: becoming a member of the EU. – IV. The principle of autonomy and the wider world. – V. Concluding remarks. | (Abstract) This epilogue rejects the idea that the principle of autonomy is an end in itself or a tool for judicial self-empowerment. On the contrary, we support the contention that that principle serves first and foremost as a means of promoting and protecting the values on which the EU is founded. In so doing, that principle also contributes to defining the identity of the EU as a common legal order. Compliance with those values does not mean that the Member States must adopt a specific constitutional model. Instead, those values limit themselves to providing a framework of reference within which the Member States may make their own constitutional choices. Finally, it is submitted that in times when authoritarian tendencies are on the rise, the principle of autonomy allows the EU to operate as a beacon of freedom, democracy and justice for the wider world.

This paper analyses the ways in which Romanian culture struggles to forge, at the level of historical and cultural discourse, an identity, a “personality”, and a specificity. It observes, within the process of forging its identity through a series of avatars, the discursive strategies through which specificity is revealed as an essential form of national uniqueness as well as the compensatory trends of identity fabrication. The paper also attempts to highlight the forms of historical and literary mystification through which, over time, Romanian culture responded to complexes related to its age, identity, belatedness, heredity, legitimacy, etc. Thus, the analysis reveals that, in essence, all the efforts, complexes and myths through which an identity was negotiated at the level of the histories of literature and Romanian historiographical texts betray, in fact, the same spectrum of the Identity-Otherness dialectic. Romanian culture, like other emerging cultures, was forced, first to survive and, later, in order to have a potential for prosperity, to define itself as a distinct entity by relating to the surrounding cultural reality, its growth and evolution taking place either under the sign of antagonism (i.e. a refusal of allogeneic import), or under that of synchronism (as permeabilization with regard to foreign influence), but, necessarily, as a reference to the Other. Moreover, the paper highlights, at the discursive level, the two main poles that have obsessively polarized the questions of descent and heredity within Romanian culture: its Roman and Dacian ancestries. The nuanced intentions underpinning the cultural need for international recognition by means of belonging as well as differentiation are discussed in the process.

Abstract The paper draws on the notion of State though as critically discussed by Sayad and on related concepts (nationalism at a distance, integration) to analyse how the State naturalises the division between nationals and non-nationals, building unequal social hierarchies between immigrants and natives that affect the construction of the (social and individual) identities of the migrants themselves. The paper starts with a historical contextualisation of the relations between Tunisia and Italy. First, we show how the opposite migrations that have crossed the Mediterranean have been embedded in unequal racial and symbolic hierarchies characterising Italy and Tunisia, Europe and Africa. Then, we further delve into this dynamic by exploring the identity constructions of Tunisian migrants in Italy, which are sensitive to the demands of the country of immigration (seeking to maintain a given social hierarchy within its borders) and those of the country of emigration (striving to remain connected to its emigrants to extract maximum profit from them).

This paper explores Kamin Mohammadi’s position regarding the discourses of national belonging through the scrutiny of her circular route from England to Iran. Reflecting the interrelation between identity, home and the modern nation-state, The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran (2011) recounts the story of Mohammadi’s journey back to Iran in search of a singular self. It recounts her story of growing up in Iran and England and the reason behind her displacement from both of these countries in 1979 and 1997. Indebted to Stuart Hall’s take on the diaspora, Gaston Bachelard’s reading of home and Homi Bhabha’s notion of hybridity, this paper rejects the synonymy between home and home country as well as exclusive belonging intrinsic to nationalism. The aim of this paper is to read Mohammadi’s ultimate choice to settle down in England as a challenge to the homogenizing forces of nationalism that inhibited her sense of belonging to Britain and drew her toward Iran. As she embraces a hybrid identity by telling her circular story, beginning and ending in London, her literary contribution is a way to dismantle the link between belonging and the nation-state, as well as a challenge to the alleged homogeneity of the nation-states to which she belongs.

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of a novel elliptical construction Spanish, dubbed Topic-Remnant Elided Polar Questions (or polar TREQs in short). A detailed examination of polar TREQs will provide evidence for the claim that (a) they are a type of TP-Ellipsis, triggered by the presence of an [E]-feature on C, and (b) the remnant is a topicalized XP that undergoes movement out of the ellipsis site. Furthermore, the analysis of polar TREQs in various contexts (in particular, with respect to so-called connectivity effects) confirms the need of syntactic identity between the linguistic antecedent and the ellipsis site to license ellipsis here. Additionally, this study sheds light on the syntactic structure underlying these constructions, particularly the presence of an intermediate TopP position within the embedded clause. Moreover, an examination of the patterns related to the presence or absence of an overt complementizer in this elliptical construction provides empirical support for Merchant's (2001) Sluicing-COMP Generalization. In summary, this paper not only provides a comprehensive account of the syntactic intricacies of a new elliptical construction in Spanish, but also provides valuable insights into the broader landscape of ellipsis phenomena in this language.

The aim of this study is to analyse four different expletives in the Irish English variety, following a semantic and pragmatic approach. Thus, this paper observes the connection between individual expressiveness and Irish identity, through the use of Irish expletives. These pejorative terms are loanwords borrowed from Irish into Hiberno-English in the Republic of Ireland. The analysed terms belong to the semantic fields of geography, scatology and sex. Through a corpus-based analysis and lexicographical treatment, this paper identifies and examines these terms regarding the following parameters: degree of frequency, semantics, etymology and pragmatic move.

This paper reaffirms the truth of the Social Doctrine of the Catholic Church (CSD) and its impact in the socioeconomic sphere in Western Civilization. Specifically, it seeks to put in order the chaos in which secularized European society currently finds itself. Through Archbishop Giampaolo Crepaldi’s interpretation of CSD, the author dispels erroneous notions of collectivism surrounding private property, productive work, solidarity, and subsidiarity by arguing that a proper understanding of these principles supports a healthy capitalism, which in turn supports human dignity. Only through a capitalism in line with a proper understanding of CSD principles can the poor stand to gain the most, provided they have a socioeconomic framework in which they can independently thrive. Liberation theology as a cornerstone of a socioeconomic framework destroys the foundation the Church established through the centuries. In the interpretation of the relationship between the CSD and the capitalist economy provided by this paper, the concept of private property emerges as the central nucleus of any human operation, be it cultural, economic, social, or political. Ownership does not only mean possessing material things, but also spiritual elements. Thus ownership also means identity, of a person and of a people. As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, the ideology of political correctness—that is, the ideology of the various cultural and political movements of the left—condemns identity as dangerous, a condemnation which furthers the operation of globalization, the homogenization of humanity, and the related attempt to weaken nations in view of a supranational management. If identity is one of the consequences of the concept of property, then this latter must also be banned, as an obstacle on the way to that global dis-identification that would herald a socialization of the Western world. But from the perspective of the main spiritual foundation of the West, that is, of the Judeo-Christian tradition, property is one of the pillars of society, and therefore cannot be suppressed or even undermined. The Social Doctrine of the Catholic Church, founded by Pope Leo XIII and relaunched by Pope John Paul II, is an excellent antidote to the ideological poison of socialism and progressivism now wide-spread in all Western countries.

This paper intends to argue for the necessity to preserve the Christian identity in the secular world, in which the believer is called to live in. The manifestation of this identity is seen especially in the area of ethics. It is analysed the way ethics is interpreted in postmodernism and in Christianity. On the one hand, the postmoderns want to equalize the biblical perspective on ethics, which supports the good and evil antithesis. Stanley Hauerwas talks about differences between Christian and Postmodern perspective in the area of ethics. The reader is invited to compare the two systems of moral values, and come up with some conclusions. It is demonstrated that Christianity bases its morality on Scripture. On the other hand, the postmodern perspective allows all the voices in the society to support their own view. The author presents the actual tendency to ignore the classical values, such as good and evil. There is also a tendency to remove guilt. In this paper it is argued that from the biblical perspective of moral antithesis is rooted in creation. The sacred text argue that because man ignored the divine commandment from Genesis 2:16-17, he committed a moral action with dramatic consequences for all human race. The biblical books written by the so called “Deuteronomistic School”, are guided by the central idea of “blessings and curses”. By doing good, man is expected to be blessed, and by doing evil, he is expected to be punished.

English-medium instruction (EMI) affects lecturers’ classroom practices as they face a new teaching scenario where language(s) can be used to construct lecturers’ identities. Therefore, lecturers can take up different identities because their language-choice acts depend on their communicative and identification purposes. Employing Membership-Categorisation Analysis (MCA) to examine classroom interaction, this paper examines the classroom practices of one EMI lecturer to explore how the orientation towards one language over the others implies a specific function associated with a particular identity. The alternation between languages reveals to what extent EMI lecturers accept or challenge the English-only policy and how lecturers position themselves as English-only or as translanguaging lecturers. This study documents lecturer’s teaching behaviour, particularly how L1-choice acts can be more effective for certain purposes. Studying how lecturers draw from both their EMI-lecturer identity and their L1-lecturer identity, this paper shows how multilingual practices unfold in EMI and highlights the pedagogical value of the L1, hence advocating that the use of languages other than English has, after all, a particular purpose.

The postcolonial narratives we see today are a study in contrast and tell a different tale from their colonial predecessors as minorities and individuals finally have found the voice and position to tell their stories. Histories written about our culture and societies have now found a new purpose and voice. The stories we have passed down from generation to generation through both oral and written histories, continue to morph and change with the tide of time as they re-centre our cultural narratives and shared experiences. As a result, the study of diaspora and transnationalism have altered the way in which we view identity in different forms of multimedia and literature. In this paper, the primary question which will be examined is, how and to what extent does Indian post-colonial literature figure in the formation of identity in contemporary art and literature in the context of ongoing postcolonial ideas and currents? by means of famous and notable postcolonial literary works and theories of Indian authors and theoreticians, with a special focus on the question and notion of identity. This paper works on drawing parallels between themes in Indian and African postcolonial literary works, especially themes such as power, hegemony, east meets west, among others. In this paper, European transnationalism will also be analysed as a case study to better understand postcolonialism in different contexts. The paper will seek to explore some of the gaps in the study of diasporic identity and postcolonial studies and explore some of the changes and key milestones in the evolution of the discourse over the decades.

Resumen Este estudio propone una investigación doble: por un lado, ofrecer una visión panorámica de cómo la memoria de la guerra civil española se transmite en la literatura infantil y juvenil de nuestros días, prestando especial atención a la estructura técnica narrativa y al cronotopo. Por otro lado, se pretende indagar sobre cuál es el enfoque del personaje infantil/juvenil de esos textos y el posicionamiento de los autores con respecto a los acontecimientos bélicos. Como procedimiento, una vez aclarado el concepto académico de ‘memoria’ en lo que a literatura se refiere, se llevará a cabo el análisis crítico de quince publicaciones españolas destinadas al público infantojuvenil, todas ellas de género narrativo, aplicables a la educación literaria y comercializadas a partir del año 2000. A modo de conclusión se sintetizarán los datos para mostrar tanto la manera técnica por medio de la cual se está contando la historia y transmitiendo su ‘memoria’ en la literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ) del siglo XXI, como la tendencia y posicionamiento mayoritario de los autores actuales. Abstract This paper proposes a dual research: on the one hand, to offer a panoramic view of how the memory of the Spanish Civil War is transmitted in children's and young adult's literature of our times, paying special attention to the technical narrative structure and the chronotope. On the other hand, the aim is to investigate the focus of the children's/youth characters in these texts and the position of the authors with respect to the events of the war. As a methodological approach, once the academic concept of 'memory' is clarified within the realm of literature, a critical analysis is carried out on fifteen Spanish publications targeting the young audience. All these narrative’s fiction works, applicable to literary education and commercially distributed since the year 2000. By way of conclusion, the data is synthesized to demonstrate both the technical means through which the story is being recounted and its 'memory' is being conveyed in 21st century children's and young adult literature (CYAL), as well as the prevailing trends and predominant positioning of contemporary authors.

This paper tackles the issue of image, with an emphasis on personal image (personal PR). Image was selected as the focal point of this article as, according to the author, it is an indispensable element of media life and functioning in the society. There are numerous definitions of image in both Polish and foreign literature. In his or her definition, each author attempts to incorporate the aspects most important to the world of business and its actors. This paper is centered on distinguishing between such concepts as image, reputation and identity, as well as portrays the evolution of image in time and growing social awareness of the notion, and presents the methodology of building image. This study aims to determine the image of Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańsk as it is presented in the national press. The articles referencing the former Olympian analyzed herein were sourced from three nationwide dailies: Fakt, Gazeta Wyborcza and Super Express. The entire material collected and analyses allow to conclude that Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańska has a moderately positive image. On the one hand, she is viewed as an authority figure and a walking icon and, on the other, as a person who is withdrawn, afraid to step out of her comfort zone and avoids social media, as well as industry events.

This paper examines the processes of identity formation of indigenous children in two urban schools in Jalisco, Mexico. By studying the processes of identity formation, I focus on understanding how indigenous children represent themselves within wider social discourses and dynamics of power that attempt to erase cultural differences. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in two urban primary schools over a period of 14 months, the paper foregrounds indigenous children’s voices to illustrate their complex processes of selfidentification. The article demonstrates how children’s social and family networks, such as compadrazgos, shape ethnic identities. It also highlights how indigenous children feel a stronger attachment to their communities when they have the opportunity to participate in agricultural activities during holidays and learn from their grandparents and other family members. The analysis also highlights the silences, racism, and ethnic blindness that indigenous children face in urban schools. The paper calls for a reframing of educational services so that they recognize and reinforce ethnic identities rather than obfuscate them through the discourse of “equality”. Significantly, children’s voices open up a dialogue with those responsible for educational and social policies, in order to challenge racism in Mexican urban schools.

This paper focuses on the rhetoric of kinship in the early biography of the founder of the Persian Empire included in Herodotus’ Histories, that is, within the Herodotean account of Cyrus II of Persia’s birth, childhood and accession to the throne. Its aim is to demonstrate the influence exerted by family ties among characters over the construction of Cyrus’ identity. To this end, the paper examines the speech acts through which characters articulate their family relationships, as well as the clarifications and interpretations made in this respect by the narrator. Results show that there is not a unique identity of Cyrus, but three of them (prince, slave and conqueror) that combine to create a prime example of a hero archetype applicable to men who are born to rule but face great difficulties caused by relatives or people around them.

The research paper aims to give an accurate account of how Kirpal Singh/Kip in The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje copies the socio-cultural and linguistic norms of the Europeans (colonizers) unlike Kipling’s Kim who emulates the Eastern people (colonized) and their culture. They are examples of going through a long drawn process of growing up, looking into the mirror of mimicry. Kip joins the English army as a grown up, learns the need to show affinity to the new culture by way of imitation, adopting their ways to weave a comfort zone. Being different could be an assaulting fact for both sides, Kip is quick to realize that. But his childish view of looking down upon his native culture is the irony of mimicry. It wipes out the original being to rewrite a new identity. Kip leaves the small community sprouted accidentally in the Italian monastery, showing traces of a stricken conscience. Kim, by the virtue of living in close company of Indians, adopts their habits and manners without any qualm, in a most unconscious manner. He never worries to look or sound his original self which he has not experienced for long. Thus, a kind of reverse mimicry is his fate and character when we look at him as an outsider living as an Indian native. The ambivalence of their characters, presented by both, is an interesting aspect of mimicry. In the paper, we have used the views of postcolonial and cultural literary theorists on mimicry, deliberating upon how with the effect of both the processes, Kip and Kim, consciously or unconsciously, get their national identity peeled off, affixing new hybrid identity.

Being a female-concentrated job, nursing has forgotten the place of men within the profession despite their contribution since time immemorial. The heightened efforts of Florence Nightingale to transform nursing into a respectable female occupation denied men the opportunity to enter this domain. Despite their growing representation, they are still a minority in nursing in countries across the globe. When the occupational roles do not conform to the gender-appropriate roles prescribed by the society, the ‘male’ nurses’ prestige and self-esteem are at risk since others recognize them neither as true nurses nor as real men. Drawing majorly from secondary sources and data gathered from an anthropological study of in-home care providers in the South Indian state of Kerala, this paper on the predicament of men in nursing throws light on the ‘spoiled identity’ they carry; the work stress, gender stereotyping, stigma and discrimination they encounter by always being suspected and their very identity and sexual orientation questioned. A note on the strategies employed by them to overcome the problems is also within the purview of this paper.

Karol Wojtyła understood that the turn to the subject had beneficially augmented traditional metaphysics by revealing the uniqueness of each person. Nevertheless, he also knew that for those investigations into personhood to resist devolving into mere relativism, the analysis had to be grounded in the metaphysical principles of Thomism. One contemporary illustration of an ungrounded subjectivism is the rise of identitarianism; that is, the idea that people can choose their own identity based on a peculiar property as distinct from our common human nature. In this paper, I will examine both the Thomistic metaphysical and phenomenological personalist bases for critiquing identitarianism. I will argue that the analogy of being, distinguishing substance from dependent modes of being, is the necessary metaphysical foundation for the personalist integration of actions in a subject who, while unique, must be recognized primarily as an instance of a common human nature.

The global metal scene has long provided narratives and methods for solving issues of masculinities since in their particular environment in the music industry, and they are generally considered masculine. This article explores the stereotypical construction of masculinities in the Bandung metal music scene. This analysis based on in-depth interviews with Bandung professional metal male musicians who are aged 39-44 years old and are married. This investigation examines how these metal musicians negotiate alternative masculinities in various contexts, taking into account the predominantly Muslim culture in Indonesia. Using an ethnographic approach and borrowing from Millett's concepts of temperament, role, and status, this paper argues that metal music, which is generally considered hypermasculine, does not display the same construction in their performing their functions in the family. Through their roles as breadwinner, musicians maintain normative Indonesian masculinity, as well as fulfilling their responsibility to their family. However, they negotiate equity in the private space, which regards household labor division, childcare, and sharing of income. This paper argues that to some extent, musicians in the metal music scene in Bandung provide a role model of masculinity that is more gender-sensitive and egalitarian.

Evident from her first book Voica (1924), and up to her last novel Le Témoin de l’Eternité printed first in France in 1975 and translated into Romanian in 1995, Henriette Yvonne Stahl becomes from a promising writer a unique voice in the inter-war and post-war literary scene in Romania. Starting from Rimbaud’s illuminating pensée “Love has to be reinvented” (Felman 2007: 213), this paper aims to explore the identity of protagonists in My Brother, the Man (Fratele meu omul, first published in1965), drawing on identity and trauma theory as developed by Penny Brown (1992), Cathy Caruth (1995; 1996), Shoshana Feldman (2007) and Dori Laub (1992; 1995). In addition, the mixture of memory and narrative analyses types of ‘talk fiction’ (Kakandes 2005), the shift of focus from the subject of remembrance to the mode in which it takes place (Whitehead 2009), and how narratives impact readers (Piątek 2014). Both male and female characters in My Brother, The Man have clear dominant traits, so that their actions and inner voices are marked by abrupt shifts, meant to stimulate a noticeable response from those they love or dislike. Are the main characters engulfed in a dense life texture able to explore their personal dilemmas, difficult choices and detach themselves from the flux of their own passions and desires? Or are they going to fall victim to their own inability to understand life’s meaning, paralleled by a lack of vision and humanity as manifested by other characters? How do they act and react to the actions and emotions they experience? The present paper examines how memories, dilemmas and changes nuance a story moving from a classically-structured narrative to crime fiction, embedding numerous interior monologues and deep psychological impasses, the result being a female novel of self-development.

The main objective of this paper is to explore the notion of identity from different angles: ethnography, sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis, anthropology, geography and urbanism. The aim of this article is not to list the aspects of identity exhaustively, but to give an overview of the main areas that have dealt with territorial identity and propose a typology ranging from personal identity to the territorial identity through the individual and the collective. At the genesis of this paper many questions: What does one mean by identity? What is the relation between identity and territory and can it be a lever of territorial attractiveness? The desire to develop this notion has been spiced up by the sense of urgency manifested by the majority of territories in the continuous search for the valorization of their suffering identity of the”disease" of the century: globalization.

This paper aims to understand the correlation between language and discourse identity for Black women through an analysis of Beyoncé’s lyrics across time. Its specific goal is to investigate the occurrence of code-switching between Standard English (SE) and African American Vernacular English (AAVE) in the singer's lyrics within different music domains. So, we analyzed the frequency of five AAVE syntactic structures in different music genres - hip hop and rap - in distinct phases of her career. The results show an overall decrease of SE forms and an increase in the use of AAVE forms, though the singer continues to practice code-switching in her songwriting. This represents a transition in Beyoncé's language use, indicating a correlation between language choice and Black Women discourse identity.

Resumen: La didáctica de segundas lenguas ha prestado especial atención a cuestiones como el filtro afectivo y la motivación, pues ejercen una poderosa influencia en el aprendizaje, así como en el interés que exhibirá el alumno hacia la L2/C2. Es por eso por lo que describimos cuán importantes resultaron ambos aspectos para nuestros estudiantes en Barbados y qué estrategias y actividades empleamos para estimular el componente emocional como vía para la adquisición de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI). Asimismo, sugerimos una serie de propuestas didácticas que contribuyeron a consolidar elementos como el autoconcepto y la disposición a comunicar; subrayar la identidad racial y visibilizar que se puede construir un plurilingüismo holístico, orgánico y, en definitiva, real. Abstract: Second language didactics have paid special attention to the affective filter and motivation due to their powerful influence on the learning process and students' interest in L2/C2. These elements also impact the learner's approach to and interest in the target language and culture. This paper emphasizes the importance of both aspects for students in Barbados, along with the strategies and activities implemented to stimulate the emotional component and develop intercultural communicative competence (ICC). We propose various didactic approaches that contribute to strengthening components such as self-concept, willingness to communicate, and fostering holistic, organic, and authentic plurilingualism.

At the end of the 1960s, neighborhood movements burst onto the municipal agenda in many metropolitan environments worldwide through numerous demands related to basic needs. In Madrid, these demands took different neighborhood spaces and some former municipalities that were integrated as districts in the city’s urban core as a geographic scale of reference. This placed these locations at the center of the political debate, which gradually faded away as a result of the various municipal reforms developed during the first two decades of parliamentary democracy in Spain. In the last fifteen years, neighborhood demands have taken a different turn, as a political phenomenon has appeared linked to new forms of neighborhood protest called neighborhoodnalism. This process was not diminished during the hardest moments of the global covid-19 pandemic; rather, it has been strengthened as a dynamic of political socialization, solidarity, and daily resistance in many of Madrid’s neighborhoods. As a result, the referents and elements of identification around the neighborhood, as well as the political practice of neighborhoodnalism itself, have been expanded. From a spatial perspective of neighborhood movements that considers political identity as a dynamic and resignified process through protest and collective organization, and through ethnography and the analysis of in-depth interviews held over five years in the Madrid district of Hortaleza around the Three Kings Parade, this paper studies how these socio-political practices are being articulated in urban space and how the learning of this form of spatial socialization is influencing Madrid’s municipal agenda as a whole.

The migrant crisis in Europe is one of the most challenging problems that European Union has faced since its very existence. By examining the process of acculturation of Middle Eastern migrants in Zagreb this paper will provide a basic insight in this cultural phenomenon. The possibilities of the successful integration lies within the religious identity of Islam as partially common both to migrants and Muslim population in Croatia. Another positive factor for the successful integration can be found in the history of Muslim population in Croatia whose rich tradition and integration in the Croatian society can been regarded as highly instructive. The main goal of the paper is to present the experience of the encounters that individuals from the Islamic Centre in Zagreb had with the Immigrants from Middle East through the qualitative methodology and the deep interview method. This research should provide better understanding of the importance of religious identity in the process of integration of Middle East migrants in the European society and guidelines for overcoming the risks of parallel societies. In addition the authors will present an overview of the problems that occur in education process in the context of religious identities, with an emphasis on Islam in Croatian educational system.

This paper analyzes how from the country of origin, teachers of standard classrooms denominate to students of foreign nationality as different and the identification of these young people with the category mentioned. For it, we will be referring to students who have remained in Temporary Classrooms Linguistic Adaptation (Andalucía, Spain).Teaching staff point out that depending on the country of origin, these students will have different motivations, certain future expectations and a family-school relationship that does not always fit the reality. However, thanks to the students’ speech, you can see that this is not always the case. From the young people’s speech, we perceive how they do not feel identified with such a category. They feel identified like the rest of the young Spaniards. However, they are aware that students of foreign nationality are perceived differently than those considered Spanish. In order to carry out this work, the studies already carried out on this topic and the speeches used by the different subjects have been of great importance. Therefore, this research has been based on an ethnography will be carried out by bibliographical review, participant observation, discussion groups and different interviews. Thus, this paper will be realized from these techniques and the objectives set forth; where otherness and identification will be key to its development.

Abstract The following paper aims to unveil the reasons behind the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. Based on the hypothesis that Moscow’s decision was the result of the combination of strategic and ideational drivers, the study demonstrates how President Vladimir Putin’s political project has: (i) deepened Russia’s rivalry towards the West, strengthening the threat posed by NATO’s expansion; (ii) and highlighted the role of memory in the state’s identity, putting Ukraine in a privileged position in the Kremlin’s political agenda.

This paper proposes the study of the film On the Empty Balcony (En el balcón vacío, García Ascot, 1961), based on the work of María Luisa Elío Bernal (screenwriter & leading role), regarding the meaning of the exile for the second generation of the Spanish exile in Mexico. The film shows, on the one hand, the tensions between the memory of this generation and the family and republican remembrance, and on the other hand, the tensions generated in the construction of their own identity. The film shows how the «nepantla» generation feels living on a time with no chance of having a self-sense of identity. The structure of the film focuses on the construction of the time-memory of the second generation of Spanish exile, through delirium experiences from the main character. Such delirium emerges (in the film as in Elío’s literature), as the only possible form of relationship with the reality and memory. The delirum as a form of utterance of the so called Hispano-Mexican generation, on which is built their own identity.

This paper aims to discuss certain circumstances of the “constitution of the self” or individualization through diverse forms of experience. The creation of the self as individuum is depicted as having authorship over his actions in three distinctive yet interconnected instances of early stages of the Western Civilization: in Homeric society, in the Greek Polis and in a philosophical suggestion for a fully individualized citizenship. The law is set in this discussion as an external entity that forms the outer limit of human experience. Furthermore, fixed identities of the past and fluid identities of the modernity are analyzed not as pure social forms but as schemata of societal existence that imply the intermingling of opposite traits. Este artículo pretende debatir algunas circunstancias de la “constitución del ego” o individualización a través de diversas formas de experiencia. La creación del ego como individuum se representa la posesión de autoridad sobre sus acciones, en tres instancias de los albores de la civilización occidental, diferentes pero interconectadas: la sociedad homérica, las polis griegas y una sugerencia filosófica de una ciudadanía plenamente individualizada. El derecho se establece en esta discusión como una entidad externa que forma los límites periféricos de la experiencia humana. Además, se analizan las identidades establecidas en el pasado y las identidades flexibles de la modernidad no como meras formas sociales, sino como patrones de la existencia social que implica la mezcla de rasgos opuestos. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2627601

This paper deals with the relationship between bilingualism and ways of expressing emotions and thoughts. The paper is divided into two main sections. The first section is the theoretical part and the second part is the analysis of the research conducted for the purposes of this paper. As far as the theoretical part is concerned, the first chapter offers the definitions of bilingualism and how bilingualism is connected to construction of identity. The second chapter explains the impact of bilingualism on emotions and the following chapter on cognitive processes. At the beginning of the second section the aim of the research and the methodology are presented. Results and the analysis of the undertaken research are discussed in the remainder of the paper. After placing the participants in their social environment, the focus is placed on the relationship between bilingualism and ways of expressing emotions, as this part examines different criteria which are taken into consideration to prove that a bilingual uses different languages in order to express emotions. The last part analyzes the results concerning cognitive process. Moreover, it analyzes different actions associated with thinking and examines for which processes and in which situations a bilingual uses a particular language.

The article reveals the construction of enemies’ image in the Spanish communist newspaper Mundo Obrero, an example of leftist media. The author analyses the long tradition of media conflict with right-wing groups and partially refutes the thesis about ignoring the topic of the Francoist regime after the Spanish Amnesty Law (1977). The work also contains a description of the main categories of "enemies" of the news-paper Mundo Obrero, as well as a description and classification of ideological metaphors used to label the opponents of modern Spanish communists in the period 2017-2021. The collected data lead to the thesis about the importance of the image of the enemy in the context of a blurred leftist identity.

The corporate marketing perspective is a new paradigm which identifies the management of the business identity, image and reputation as an essential tool for the survival and success of companies. Accordingly, the correct understanding of these three concepts is a basic pre-requisite for the companies interested in managing their businesses in accordance to the latest marketing trends. Nonetheless, the proliferation of diverse approaches to the study of the identity, image and reputation hampers the generation of useful knowledge regarding these issues. In this paper, an integrative perspective is proposed to better understand the concepts and dimensions of the business identity, image and reputation. The theoretical review provided in the paper allows scholars and practitioners to better understand these three faces of the corporate marketing perspective.

This paper conceptualizes landscape from a temporal and spatial perspective which emphasizes peoples’ interactions and activities as an inherent part of understanding the landscape itself. Today, peoples’ interaction with the landscape has become more complex, largely owing to the changing notions of place in contemporary urban living. In this context, the paper examines the role and significance of the landscapes of everyday life in urban environment and delineates how it (re)constructs ordinary human and social meanings that are necessary conditions for our existence. The paper is presented in three sections. In the first section, it discusses the concept of everyday life and its relevance in the contemporary urban living. In the following section, it examines the complexities encountered in urban landscapes today .The third section of the paper discusses how meaningful interaction experienced with everyday landscapes offer valuable insights for addressing the challenges posed by the complexities of urban city living. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for attention towards the largely neglected or overlooked domains of ‘ordinary’ everyday landscape by designer professionals, which plays a crucial role in creating meaningful relationship between people and place.

The paper explores aspects of collective identities, analyzing in particular how the subjectivities and identities of women in Colombia, are crossed by systematicconditions of “invisibility” and historical “absence” with consequential discourses and ambiguous social practices, contradictory about the social place of womenand their femininity. The relevance of the issue of identities is analyzed, together with the possibilities of “resistance” and problematizations that feminine identities can carry, as well as possible alternatives to uncover and transform some issues so deeply rooted in common sense and in everyday routine, that they could seem“natural” and practically immovable and immutable. The paper concludes by discussing the need to create renewed mechanisms of analysis of historical situations of inequality and domination over women.

The development of archaeology as a scientific discipline and its legislative regulation from the nineteenth century onwards have served as the framework for a series of interventions in the field of heritage. The recovery of monuments and testimonies of the past helped society to rediscover its roots, represented in certain iconic elements which in turn became symbols of identity. At the same time, the phenomenon of tourism emerged as a leisure activity associated, above all, with the enjoyment of the leisure time of the new bourgeoisie. The union of these two poles of interest, heritage and tourism, is therefore due to a demand from the society in which these activities take place. The study of the development of this phenomenon in Spain leads us to investigate three different cases: Carmona, Mérida and Tarragona, whose common link is the Hispano-Roman past. This paper analyses the confluences and particularities of these three paradigmatic enclaves in Hispanic archaeology, which are also exponents-and catalysts-of the birth and development of archaeological tourism.

This paper is part of a study carried out about Décima. This study is the result of the Master Program “Cultural Community Development” and it has been presented trough different festivals. In this paper it is analized the different styles of a first group of writers from Las Tunas and among them El Cucalambé, who represent the leading writer of this movement. It is also revealed the main characterists of the ten-line stanza poetry as a part of the tradition and identity of the territory of Las Tunas and in the Cuban culture.

From the European research reports on the Future of Europe to the newest fundamental White Paper on a European Communication Policy, a new perception of a transnational identity is crystallized across Europe, as a different multicultural challenge that is no more national and not yet European. That is what we intend to analyze in this study. In this context, the representatives of the European Union have come up with the initiative of some policy and strategy documents with the aim to strengthen communication between EU institutions and EU citizens, in order to clarify the perceptions on citizenship and identity issues across Europe. Thus, the White Paper on a European communication policy issued on 1 February 2006 was the natural sequel to another document published in July 2005 - an Action Plan to Improve Communicating Europe - but also to the involvement of the Commission in the debate regarding the future of Europe, materialised in what would be later called Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate, a plan launched on 13 October 2005. The link between all these debates and initiatives was the Eurobarometer, an unbiased tool of sociological measurement, which fully confirms the communication breakdown between European citizens and the institutions which represent them, but also the legitimacy of some new perspectives which were opened by those programmatic European documents.

Abstract This article intends to discuss how in some contemporary photography, the author participates as character of the work (as much as he reveals himself or the character that embodies him) and which metamorphoses take place in this photographic narrative. The work of the British twins Jane and Louise Wilson, specifically the video Hypnotic Suggestion 505, made in Portugal for the Walter Benjamin’s Briefcase (1993) exhibition from the curator Andrew Renton in Oporto and the works Oddments Room (2008-09) and Unfolding The Aryan Papers (2009) will be analyzed. Starting from the ambiguity of the construction of the author and character in Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes (1975), the understanding of how much is shown and hidden through this fragmentary writing is sought. According to John Roberts, in the essay Photography after the Photograph (2009), the critique of photography assumed a Barthesian discourse, where photography in a public context (magazines) or in an instrumental context (technical publications) was not exempt of a discursive montage and therefore there would not be transparency in the image. These works by Jane and Louise Wilson represent a discourse of visual archive where the authors use real spaces and facts as motto, assuming themselves as characters. What was once inherent to the photographic medium –the documental value of the record without mise en scène– is now redefined through subtle articulation between public domain and private space. This essay aims to contribute to the critique of contemporary photograph, namely for an actual redefinition of the documental value of the moment of photographic record. Resumo Com este texto pretendemos discutir de que modo em certa fotografia contemporânea o autor se assume como personagem da obra (quanto revela de si e do personagem que corporifica) e que metamorfoses se dão nessa narrativa fotográfica. Para isso, analisaremos a obra das gémeas britânicas Jane e Louise Wilson, especificamente o vídeo Hypnotic Suggestion 505, realizado em Portugal para a exposição A Pasta de Walter Benjamin (1993) do curador Andrew Renton, e no espaço da Fábrica de Moagens Harmonia no Porto e, recentemente, as obras Oddments Room (2008-09) e Unfolding The Aryan Papers (2009). Partindo da ambiguidade da construção do personagem e do autor em Roland Barthes por Roland Barthes (1975), procuraremos compreender quanto se mostra e se oculta através dessa escrita fragmentária. De acordo com John Roberts no artigo Photography after the Photograph (2009), a crítica da fotografia assumiu um discurso barthesiano segundo o qual a fotografia no âmbito de um contexto público (revistas), ou no âmbito de um contexto instrumental (publicações técnicas) não estaria isenta de uma montagem discursiva o que impossibilitaria a transparência da imagem. Estas obras de Jane e Louise Wilson corporificam um discurso visual arquivístico onde as autoras tomam como mote factos e espaços reais e a partir dos quais se assumem como personagens. O que outrora fora ínsito ao meio fotográfico — o valor documental do registo sem mise en scène — é hoje redefinido através de uma subtil articulação entre contexto público e espaço privado. Este artigo procura contribuir para o discurso crítico da fotografia contemporânea, nomeadamente, para a actual redefinição do valor documental do registo fotográfico.

En este artículo argumento, en primer lugar, que la identidad de quien investiga incide no solo en su forma de investigar, sino también en los procesos de formación de sus estudiantes y, por ende, en la formación de las futuras investigadoras y los futuros investigadores educativos. En segundo lugar, señalo que las instituciones educativas, así como sus docentes, juegan un rol central en la construcción de identidades. En tercer lugar, enfatizo que de esta responsabilidad no se eximen quienes se dedican a la investigación educativa, por lo que les invito a reflexionar sobre: ¿Cuáles son nuestras responsabilidades en el proceso de construcción de identidades? ¿Quién es el sujeto de la educación? ¿Quién es el sujeto de la investigación educativa y en ella?¿Cuán inclusivas son nuestras nociones de sujeto educativo y del sujeto empírico?Mediante el desarrollo y análisis de interrogantes sobre temas como: la relación sujeto-objeto; el sujeto en la investigación educativa; el aporte de la subjetividad; la contribución de la fenomenología; entre otros, argumento que: a) la autobiografía intelectual es un instrumento de gran potencialidad para comprender el tono y la dirección de un proceso investigativo y b) centrar la atención en las personas, en su historia, sus relaciones sociales y su ambiente, como sujetos actuantes y no solo como objetos de estudio es un movimiento epistémico, político y ético, puesto que reconoce la acción del sujeto en el mundo y sobre este. Por último, apelo a que las investigadoras y los investigadores cualitativos no solo deben comprender quiénes son, sino que también deben hacerlo explícito puesto que hay un condicionamiento ético que lo demanda. AbstractIn this paper I argue, first, that the identity of the researcher has an impact not only in the way she/he invThis article explains, in the first place, that the identity of the researcher not only influences his way to do research, but also the teaching processes and, therefore, training of future researchers. Secondly, it states that schools and teachers play a central role in the construction of identities. Third, this paper emphasizes that those engaged in educational research are not released from this responsibility, so this is an invitation to reflect on the following: What are our responsibilities in the process of identity construction? Who is the subject of education? Who is the subject of educational research? How inclusive is our notion of both the educational and the empirical subjects?Through the analysis of questions on topics such us: the subject-object relationship; the subject in educational research; the contribution of subjectivity; the contribution of phenomenology; among others, this paper explains that: a) the intellectual autobiography is a great potential instrument to understand the direction of a research process and b) focusing on people, their history, social relationships and environment, as subjects and not just as objects of study, is an epistemological, political and ethical movement, which recognizes the subject’s action in and on the world. Finally, this paper states that qualitative researchers should not only understand who they are, they are ethically obliged to make it explicitly.

[es] El propósito de este artículo es desarrollar un análisis sociosemiótico del largometraje Safe (1995, EEUU, T. Haynes), en tanto “fábula o ensayo icónico-simbólico” que nos sirve para reflexionar sobre algún aspecto del mundo social y/o subjetivo—enfoque propuesto por el semiótico uruguayo Fernando Andacht. Concretamente, analizaremos el film como un signo de los efectos que concebiblemente podrían ejercer, en el orden de la subjetividad, las propiedades estructurales de la “modernidad reflexiva” (A. Giddens), enfocada en su aspecto de “sociedad del riesgo” (U. Beck). El análisis procurará justificar la interpretación de Safe como una particular “ficción de pérdida de la identidad” (P. Ricoeur). Esta interpretación, por lo demás, arraiga en la siguiente tesis: el colapso vital que sufre el personaje de la historia sería consecuencia de la disolución de su “imagen corporal”. Esta disolución es entendida como efecto de una cierta vivencia del mundo, determinada, a su vez, por la mediación de las instituciones y los significados hegemónicos de la “sociedad del riesgo”. Adelantamos que, por cuanto la propuesta de Andacht se basa en la semiótica pragmática de C. S. Peirce, incluimos en el artículo una sección consagrada a bosquejar un esquema elemental de este complejo sistema teórico. [en] The purpose of this paper is to develop a sociosemiotic analysis of the film Safe (1995, USA, T. Haynes), as an “iconic-symbolic fable or essay” that helps us reflect on some aspect of the social and/or subjective world—an approach proposed by Uruguayan semiotician Fernando Andacht. Specifically, we analyze the film as a sign of the effects that the structural properties of “reflexive modernity” (A. Giddens), focused on its aspect of “risk society” (U. Beck), could conceivably bear on the domain of subjectivity. The analysis will seek to justify the interpretation of Safe as a particular “fiction of the loss of identity” (P. Ricoeur). This interpretation, on the other hand, is based on the following thesis: the vital collapse suffered by the character of the story would result from the dissolution of her “body image”. This dissolution is understood as an effect of some particular experience of the world determined, in turn, by the mediation of the institutions and hegemonic meanings of the “risk society”. We anticipate that, as Andacht’s proposal draws on C. S. Peirce’s pragmatic semiotics, the paper includes a section outlining a basic scheme of this complex theoretical system

Based on the thesis that the analysis of Mexican periodicals of the 19th century is excellently suited to a reconstruction of historical developments not only on a national, but also on regional and local levels, this article examines three newspapers of different political colours that were published in Puebla between 1820 and 1822, at the time of Mexico’s political disengagement from Spain: La Abeja Poblana, El Farol and El Amigo del Pueblo. Even though Puebla, along with the capital and Gudalajara, was an important place for the production of printed matter, the contribution of the newspapers published there to the independence process has not yet been evaluated. Accordingly, based on an analytical model for defining collective identity designs, this paper systematically examines all articles published in the aforementioned periodicals. This makes it possible, following the concept of «thick description» (Geertz), to record and evaluate in detail the historical circumstances of the Independencia and the political discourses prevailing at the time in the context of local and regional events. The focus is also on the genesis of those problems and contradictions that were to continue to have an impact long after 1821 in the course of the Mexican self-definition and nation-building.