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This paper considers measures against harmful tax competition in the European Union. In this paper the author deals with the concept of harmful tax competition and points to the official attitude of the European union in the terms of tax harmonization and tax competition, including fair and harmful tax competition. Because of the consequences of harmful tax competition for the functioning of the Common market, at the level of the Europan union there are a lot of efforts in order to effectively counter harmful tax competition. This paper also considers the role of the European Court of Justice in the fight against harmful tax competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defines motivation as one of the key factors of productivity and business success of enterprises. The competitiveness of companies in the market is one of the preconditions of their long-term success and even survival. To achieve the necessary level of competitiveness, the company must fulfill a multitude of prerequisites, of which one of the main ones is - productivity. It is reflected in the request to get the maximum from the available human resources of the companies, which is physically manifested in high volume of production, revenues and profits. Labour productivity depends directly on the degree of motivation of employees. The intensity of motivation determines the amount of effort that someone would invest in a unit of time to meet his/her needs. The greater the intensity of motivation, the more efforts the employees in a company will invest in achieving their tasks and its performance will be better. How to motivate workers to invest maximum of their abilities is the question that arises as a central problem of modern business. The theory of motivation describes what companies can do to encourage people to invest their effort and abilities in a manner that will ensure achievement of the company goals and satisfy their needs. Motivation improves productivity, efficiency and creativity of work, improvement of the quality of working life in enterprises and strengthening the competitiveness and efficiency of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the legal significance of subsidies from the aspect of provision of free and fair competition in international trade. Due to its implications and significance, both in terms of liberalisation of international trade and in terms of protection of national economic interests against unfair acts of foreign importers, this issue belongs to the corps of current and disputable issues in foreign trade law. The paper analyses primarily the concept of protection of subsidies in our new foreign trade legislation, naturally in correlation with supra-national international legal rules in the subject field that have emerged within the World Trade Organisation and European Union. Our legal system has long been handicapped because of the lack of quality pieces of legislation that would sanction unfair competition in international trade based on the above-mentioned grounds. The process of liberalisation of our foreign trade system and constant foreign trade deficit make the problem of protection of our own economy and creating of appropriate defence instrumentation more and more urgent. That is why the development of adequate rules on subsidies through enactment of the Law on Foreign Trade Operations from 2005 makes a significant step forward in this field. The relevant legal rules of our positive law observe basically the standards of the EU and WTO legislation. However, it is not sufficient to enact new regulations harmonised with international standards but it is necessary to provide conditions and accompanying institutional capacities for their interpretation and implementation, which is the field that we are traditionally in deficit with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from a socialist to a market economic activities as an integral part of the overall political and ideological changes in Eastern Europe, still proves to be a painful and incomplete process. On the other hand, according to the vision of Europe's social market economy for the 21st century, the economy of the EU should be: intelligent, sustainable and integrative. Also, the strategy document says that there is a broad consensus that this is the implementation of the three priorities of the 2020th year, where they encourage one another, and that when their implementation in practice must take into account the specificities of each Member State. Th ere is no doubt that this also works well as reforms as tasks imposed for countries wishing to join the EU. In this paper, the authors aim at comparing primarily as highlight competitiveness indicators of the overall quality of a nation's economy, the countries of Southeast Europe and the group's leading market economies in this respect occupying leadership positions indicate the need to respect the principles of the "new economy" and the development of their own innovation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries have possibility to choose between several alternatives for cooperation in international tax matters at global level. They can decide not to cooperate or provide some form of tax cooperation. Because of harmful tax competition among countries and efforts of international organizations, all countries in the world are oblidged to comply with one of multiple alternatives for tax cooperation. Situation in European Union (hereinafter EU) is specific. EU is not country or classic international organization. By the reason of its successful functioning, EU has need for tax cooperation. EU has attempted to harmonise tax policies of member states, but member states did not approve that. Only indirect taxes are harmonized on EU level, direct taxes are harmonized only to the point necessarily for functioning of single market. That is why tax cooperation instruments are so important. Object of this paper are procedures and measures, stipulated by the most important instrument in the field of tax cooperation enacted by institutions of EU, its development and status in international tax law. Regulatives and directives in field of tax cooperation in the EU are 'pioneers' in tax matters. EU instruments provide standards which are subsequently accepted by several international organizations - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nations (UN). Our purpose is to present positive and negative aspects of tax cooperation in the EU. In time of crisis efficient tax cooperation provides higher revenues for the member states, on the other hand, taxpayers and tax administrations have increased expenses as result of tax cooperation which are not fairly distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of traditional accounting control and measurement systems in lean business environment represents the most dangerous risk for the company because business decisions are often based on wrong conclusions while, on the other hand, Lean Accounting, i.e. Value Stream Accounting provides a valid and reliable basis for decision making. Namely, placing an emphasis on lean accounting measurement system, the paper shows that this different performance measurement and observation system highlights the continued and timely presentation of visual realization. Presenting accurate and clear, not laundered results (at the level of the work cell and at the value stream level), it creates accurate and reliable basis for the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness throughout the entire products flow process within the company. By eliminating what is unnecessary and superfluous, raising the level of cooperation, trust and responsibility of all employees to the highest level possible, lean performance measurement system becomes a motivational "weapon'' that allows focusing on the fundamental principle of lean business methods - the continuous improvement of business in a very modern, dynamic, highly volatile and highly competitive business environment, in order to create customer value and, consequently, value for the enterprise itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerations of the export potential of the agrarian complex (as an economic subsystem of pre-farming, farming, and post-farming activities) and the place it occupies in the national economic structure are most frequently reduced to an analysis of the movement of the volume and structure of export and import, i.e. the balance of the foreign trade of agricultural products. Given the specific nature of agricultural production, the subject matter of the paper is the agricultural products and foodstuff, i.e. the entire commodity sectors or only certain subsectors (according to the international classification) into which products of agricultural origin are classified. On the other hand, the analysis also includes agrarian inputs (equipment, pesticides, and fertilizers), which can be identified as products intended for agriculture. By exploring the structural significance of the agri-food sector in Serbian economy, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of foreign trade exchange, in particular the sectoral dynamics and changes in the volume and structure of agrarian export. This is the basis on which the internal competitiveness of certain commodity sectors is established, export potentials are identified, and opportunity costs of Serbian agricultural foreign trade are indicated by means of a targeted comparative analysis of several annual series of data (2005-2011) using specific methods of analysis of the total and intra-agrarian relative coverage of import by export (coefficient calculation and ranking). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the necessity for a new human resource management approach based on competencies as the key foundation in response to exigencies of the global economic crisis, with a focus on Serbia. The World Economic Forum reports from the onset of the crisis up to today are analyzed to demonstrate a decline in the key areas of human resource competitiveness, which contributed to an overall decline in the competitiveness of Serbia. Special attention is given to education, as a factor of competitiveness, and to changes in corporate management. The paper explains the concept and significance of competence-based HR policies, concluding with: the lessons learned from the European Union policies that center education reform on competence- based approaches aimed at enhancing competitiveness; and with relevant recommendations for Serbia and Serbian companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors start from the key argument that the level of national competitivness completely refl ects the level of a certain country to create a growing prosperity for its citizens. Th e starting hypothesis considers that competitivness of one national economy depends on various factors. Moreover, based on the experience of developed countries that are leaders, concerning the level of competitiveness, we may conclude that competitiveness depends mainly on knowledge and innovativeness, i.e., non-price factors of competitiveness. In this sense, the problem concerning the growth and development of transitional countries in conditions of global crisis is observed taking into account the danger from the process of globalization which suggest that the recovery could be reached through 'economy of knowledge`. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Singidunum Scientific Review / Singidunum Revija is the property of Singidunum University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the business environment whose critical driving factors are information revolution, technology, and globalization, changes are frequent and present in all spheres of social life. Furthermore, their intensity and dynamics make a company's business unpredictable and risky. In order to successfully respond to changes in the environment, the company itself needs to be changed. Preservation and improvement of the company's competitive position requires willingness to accept change, flexibility, innovation, and identification and definition of critical success factors. Timely delivery of a quality product at a lower price than the competitor's is the primary orientation of managers in a global and dynamic environment. In this regard, this paper first analyzes quality as a key factor of success and then time as a key factor for improving company competitiveness, with special emphasis on the performance measures inherent in both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the research which aims to explore the sustainability of the market model of the monopolistic competition in Serbia. The research describes the viability of the model of the monopolistic competition in conditions such as global economic crisis, transitional economics, and reform. It mentions the opportunities for the survival of the mentioned market model in terms of the re-industrialization which is inevitable partner of globalization.

There is no universal answer on the question whether foreign investments stimulate economic development. The positive effect of foreign direct investments will follow when the investments is carried out under normal conditions of competition. That means, above all, low barriers for foreign trade and the low level of restrictions for foreign owned companies. In such circumstances, multinational corporations can assist the economies of penetration to make its businesses more efficient. Foreign investors bring with them brand new types of economic activities and in that way shifting the limits of business opportunities in the countries of penetration. But if the investments are implemented in markets protected with protectionist barriers of various kinds, then they could have negative effects. The negative effects are in particularly reflected in the inefficient use of domestic resources. Foreign investments depend on the macro and micro institutional reforms, low inflation, real exchange rate, and reasonably efficient legal system that protects the property rights and encourages savings and investment. The low level of corruption, together with the foregoing conditions is a prerequisite for the creation of a stimulating environment for foreign investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since developed bond market is very important, it is indisputable that large force need to be directed to it's further development in developing countries. In order to bond market be developed numerous barriers of development have to be disposed of. Namely, there are barriers on side of supply of capital, barriers on side of demand for capital as well as barriers in infrastructure development. Sequencing of bond market development depends on size of the economy, degree of competition in the financial sector, degree of the financial system complexity and investors' structure development in some country and their interest in fixed income securities investment. In underdeveloped market priority should be development and strenghtening of market for short-term financial instruments. After solid basis for well operating of short-term financial instruments market is established, then follow the taking activities in order to improve financing by issuing of long-term financial instruments. In the latter phase of bond market development process active secundary market should ensure the basis for further bond standardization in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent period of time the globalization as a relevant phenomenon directly affects all spheres of life. Unification, universality as well as homogenous world are some of the results of the process of globalization. Also globalization pushes more and more connection between different places around the world. Taking into account the role and place that each location has on the global scene, one of the results of the globalization process is intensifying competitiveness between them. As a result of globalization as a relevant phenomenon, the management of places around the world intensifies applying methods that help in differentiation of locations. In that sense, the place branding becomes one of the increasingly more important tools in reaching that goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High unemployment rates and low living standards are a major problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a low ranked nation in terms of international competitiveness. We intend to research the relationship between low living standards and a competitively low ranked economy. Competitiveness can be observed from a micro and macro viewpoint. Microeconomic competitiveness represents the relative efficacy of companies to sell their products and services on markets where international competitiveness is present, while macroeconomic competitiveness represents the realization of larger income shares of factors of productions in conditions when the domestic companies are exposed to direct influences of international economy. The competitiveness of the BiH economy will be analyzed by factors to indicate the main weaknesses, as well as the competitiveness of the countries of Western Balkans. The essence of this research is to, after a brief theoretical elaboration, analyze the competitiveness of the BiH economy and to perform a comparative analysis with the competitiveness of the countries of Western Balkans with a goal to determine the leading deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic system set up according to the principles of open markets, economic freedom and competition, free movement of capital and goods, causes custom legal protection. And here, the provisions of the Criminal Codeare ultima ratio, because the relations between economic entities have been regulated by the provisions of the economic law (the requirements of modern societies have led to the separation of the law into a number of individual disciplines and the emergence of some entirely new ones. These changes have been accompanied by new legislative solutions). Although by the criminalization of Deceiving customer care is provided to economic system through the suppression of unfair competition, its primary goal is ensuring consumer protection. The importance of this category has been highlighted in a number of international conventions. Author's intention is to draw attention to a crime whose scientific and technical processing is disproportionate to the scale of its performance, and to indicate the possible direction of amending the existing legal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Singidunum Scientific Review / Singidunum Revija is the property of Singidunum University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The autors through the representation of the Commission work for the competition protection, represent its advantages and shorthands. They find problems and according to them they find the solution for the promotion of the Commission work. As far as the promotion itself is concerned, on one hand it refers to giving bigger competence to the Commission, on the other hand it refers to the promotion of the Law about the protection of the competition. Through analyses it is taken in concern both the work of the Commission for the protection of Republic Serbia competition and the Agency work for the market competition of Republic Croatia and Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]