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the article explores the ways to optimize the size of the printed guide. As a result, being an edition with creolized text, the guide has components, which modernization will facilitate the introduction of interactive features into traditional genre model. As specific examples, the author offers to use activity elements in the printed guidebook from the formats that are widely used in children's literature, namely from the panorama book (three-dimensional images, inserts, paper engineering) and travel diary («journaling»).

Objective. One of the most effective ways to assess thermal protection of construction facilities of various applications is thermal control. Methods. According to the national standard “Method for thermal imaging quality control of thermal insulation of enclosing structures” in force on the Russian Federation territory, the results of thermal imaging monitoring of capital and completed construction facilities are divided into qualitative and quantitative depending on set goals and objectives. Qualitative assessment involves computer processing and visual interpretation of thermograms using specialized software. Quantitative analysis of thermograms involves determining and numerically comparing parameters of reference areas and characteristics of defects detected in an object being under thermal control. Results. The paper describes particular characteristics and results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of thermograms (thermal images) obtained via thermography of fragments of external enclosing structures of a completed construction facility—an apartment building. The paper analyses existing methods of a quantitative assessment of thermograms described in regulatory documents and methodological recommendations, and presents specific examples of their application. Conclusion. Thermal imaging diagnostics makes it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the level of thermal protection of the outer shell of an object under control by “decoding” thermograms and comparing calculated parameters with standard indicators.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.

The paper deals with a problem of the obfuscated JavaScript code detection and classification based on Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) coloring. Colors of the AST vertexes and edges are assigned with regard to the types of the AST vertexes specified by the program lexical and syntax structure and the programming language standard. Research involved a few stages. First of the all, a non-obfuscated JavaScript programs dataset was collected by the public repositories evaluation. Secondly, obfuscated samples were created using eight open-source obfuscators. Classifier models were built using an algorithm of gradient boosting on the decision trees (GBDT). We built two types of the classifiers. The first one is the model that classifies the program according to the type of the obfuscator used, i.e. based on what obfuscator created the sample. The second one tries to detect samples obfuscated by the obfuscator whose samples are not observed during training. The quality of the obtained models is on par with the known published results. The feature engineering method proposed in the paper does not require a preliminary analysis of the obfuscators and obfuscating transformations. In the final part of the paper we analyze a quality of models estimated, discussing the certain statistical properties of the obfuscated and non-obfuscated samples obtained and corresponding colored ASTs. Analysis of generated samples of obfuscated programs has shown that the method proposed in the paper has some limitations. In particular, it is difficult to recognize minifiers or other obfuscating programs, which change the lexical structure to a greater extent and the syntax to a lesser extent. To improve the quality of detection of this kind of obscuring transformations, one can built combined classifiers using both the method based on the AST coloring and the additional information about lexemes and punctuation, for example, entropy of identifiers and strings, proportion of characters in upper and lower case, usage frequency of certain characters etc.

This paper suggests an approach to the semantic image analysis for application in computer vision systems. The aim of the work is to develop a method for automatically construction of a semantic model, that formalizes the spatial relationships between objects in the image and research thereof. A distinctive feature of this model is the detection of salient objects, due to which the construction algorithm analyzes significantly less relations between objects, which can greatly reduce the image processing time and the amount of resources spent for processing. Attention is paid to the selection of a neural network algorithm for object detection in an image, as a preliminary stage of model construction. Experiments were conducted on test datasets provided by Visual Genome database, developed by researchers from Stanford University to evaluate object detection algorithms, image captioning models, and other relevant image analysis tasks. When assessing the performance of the model, the accuracy of spatial relations recognition was evaluated. Further, the experiments on resulting model interpretation were conducted, namely image annotation, i.e. generating a textual description of the image content. The experimental results were compared with similar results obtained by means of the algorithm based on neural networks algorithm on the same dataset by other researchers, as well as by the author of this paper earlier. Up to 60 % improvement in image captioning quality (according to the METEOR metric) compared with neural network methods has been shown. In addition, the use of this model allows partial cleansing and normalization of data for training neural network architectures, which are widely used in image analysis among others. The prospects of using this technique in situational monitoring are considered. The disadvantages of this approach are some simplifications in the construction of the model, which will be taken into account in the further development of the model.

The paper considers application and development of information technologies while carrying out project management in construction. Organizational and technological support of works throughout its life cycle exerts an influence on quality and efficiency of successful implementation of the construction project. In order to achieve the project goal it is necessary perfectly to organize and plan works, distribute roles and responsibilities of the project participants, regulate composition and content of the project documentation. While analyzing technical and economic indices of construction organization activity and management systems operating in these organizations, conclusion has been made that market experience in functioning of operational management systems has not been adequately applied in practice of domestic construction organizations. Thus, introduction of integrated management systems for quality, costs, time parameters pertaining to project construction, their resource support will contribute to improvement of economic situation of construction organizations. The solution consists in application of up-to-date information technologies, maximum implementation of computer systems and programs in the sphere of production, creation of application software. It has been shown that it is necessary to develop a software model that provides a possibility comprehensively to apply information technology tools for monitoring progress of construction and installation works, systematization of information technology application that allow to control key parameters of construction and installation works, improvement of system for providing actual information in project implementation process. An example of complex application of software products Primavera P6 Professional R8.3.2 and ArchiCAD 17.0.0 is given in the paper.

The paper analyses the known available method to search for the author of the text in the natural language base of knowledge proposed by O. Khrulev in which the minimum distance between the frequency dictionaries of the presumed authors and the text under analysis is accepted as a criterion for the successful identification of the author. The patterns and drawbacks of the method are revealed.The paper suggested that since the distance value is based on the average values of this lexeme-usage in all papers of the author on the basis of which frequency dictionaries are created, such leaps will show up when the specific value of the lexeme-usage frequency stands in stark difference to the average one.To test this hypothesis, the paper determines a variation coefficient of each lexeme-usage frequency in the texts under analysis.The analysis of frequency dictionaries of Russian canonical writers conducted in the paper has shown that on average about 90% of the authors' frequency dictionaries contain lexemes whose frequencies of usage are inhomogeneous.The author of the paper suggested that the coefficient of variation shows increase in author's word-hoard, i.e. the larger the vocabulary size, the richer the speech, and, therefore, the less frequently the author uses the same lexemes.In the paper there is a hypothesis that it is wrong to reduce the analysed size of the authors' frequency dictionaries only by critical boundaries: it is necessary to analyse lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33%, which illustrate rich word-hoard.The paper also proposes to define only one specific critical boundary of 10 thousand lexemes, since the indefinite boundary of 5 - 10 thousand lexemes offered by O. Khrulev makes it difficult to identify the author of unknown text. In this case, the lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33% of the total vocabulary size of the studied authors beyond the critical boundary are subjected to analysis.To test this hypothesis, a numerical experiment was carried out. The main point of the experiment was to identify the authors of unknown texts based on the authors' frequency dictionaries. At the same time, there were no unknown texts in the data compilation of the frequency dictionaries. The identification was based on the calculation of distance from the unknown text to the authors' frequency dictionaries, i.e. according to O. Khrulev’ s technique. In calculation different critical boundaries were specified.A numerical experiment has shown that the method proposed in the paper increases the successful identification percent for the larger size texts (more than 5,000 word forms) by 12.5%, and for texts of small size (less than 5,000 word forms) by 15.2%.

The paper explores the key problems of establishing the type of negative information and differentiating between facts and opinions. This is one of the most challenging problems of forensic linguistics that requires a robust methodological framework to be tackled successfully. When faced with this problem, the expert has to deal with the ambiguity of terminology and wording of questions, as well as the complexity of the object of study – the semantics of statements encountered in acts of speech. The paper analyzes the content of key terms traditionally used to address this forensic problem, and offers a possible solution. The so-called “factual square” is a method based on analyzing a statement against four semantic parameters: presence of statement of past action; verifiability of this statement on the basis of specificity of description of the action and its potential observability; lack of alternative, i.e. indication of a different possibility; the purpose of conveying negative information. The paper also analyzes the basic types of factual information and offers specific examples of semantic analysis of statements using the proposed approach.

Currently, issues on processing of large data volumes are of great importance. Initially, the Andrews plots have been proposed to show multidimensional statistics on the plane. But as the Andrews plots retain information on the average values of the represented values, distances, and dispersion, the distances between the plots linearly indicate distances between the data points, and it becomes possible to use the plots under consideration for the graphical representation of multi-dimensional data of various kinds. The paper analyses a diversity of various mathematical apparatus for Andrews plotting to visualize multi-dimensional data.The first section provides basic information about the Andrews plots, as well as about a test set of multidimensional data in Iris Fischer’s literature. Analysis of the Andrews plot properties shows that they provide a limitlessly many one-dimensional projections on the vectors and, furthermore, the plots, which are nearer to each other, correspond to nearly points. All this makes it possible to use the plots under consideration for multi-dimensional data representation. The paper considers the Andrews plot formation based on Fourier transform functions, and from the analysis results of plotting based on a set of the test, it draws a conclusion that in this way it is possible to provide clustering of multidimensional data.The second section of the work deals with research of different ways to modify the Andrews plots in order to improve the perception of the graphical representation of multidimensional data. Different variants of the Andrews plot projections on the coordinate planes and arbitrary subspaces are considered. In addition, the paper studies an effect of the Andrews plot scaling on the visual perception of multidimensional data.The paper’s third section describes Andrews plotting based on different polynomials, in particular, Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials. It is shown that the resulting image is well correlated with the original point diagram and the Andrews plots based on the Fourier transform. This allows us to draw a conclusion that the Andrews plots based on the polynomial functions can be used for multidimensional data analysis.The fourth section studies wavelets as a basis for Andrews plotting. It is noted that wavelets have some advantages as compared to the Fourier series. In many areas of the signal analysis a Fourier transform is used for measuring the frequency characteristics of the signal over the entire area. The wavelet transform, on the contrary, is used when it is necessary to measure frequency characteristics in time-localized clusters. Fourier and wavelet transforms are complementary. Fourier transform yields an average frequency with respect to time, and the wavelet transform provides the signal frequency values at any time interval. Based on wavelets Andrews plotting through a set of test data, has shown that it is possible to apply this approach to the graphical representation of multidimensional data.

The paper presents the results of research that is aimed to improve the reliability of transmission of telemetry information (TMI) through a communication channel with noise from the object of telemeasurements to the telemetry system for collecting and processing data. It considers the case where the quality of received information changes over time, due to movement of the object relative to the receiving station, or other factors that cause changes in the characteristics of noise in the channel, up to the total loss due to some temporary sites. To improve the reliability of transmission and ensure continuous communication with the object, it is proposed to use a multi-channel system to record the TMI. This system consists of several telemetry stations, which simultaneously register data stream transmitted from the telemetry object. The multichannel system generates a single stream of TMI for the user at the output. The stream comprises the most reliable pieces of information, being received at all inputs of the system.The paper investigates the task of constructing a multi-channel registration scheme for telemetry information (TMI) to provide a simultaneous reception of the telemeasurement data by multiple telemetry stations and to form a single TMI stream containing the most reliable pieces of received data on the basis of quality analysis of information being received.In a multichannel registering system of TMI there are three main factors affecting the quality of the output of a single stream of information: 1) quality of the method used for protecting against errors during transmission over the communication channel with noise; 2) efficiency of the synchronization process of telemetry frames in the received flow of information; 3) efficiency of the applied criteria to form a single output stream from multiple input streams coming from different stations in the discussed multichannel registering system of TMI.In the paper, in practical implementation of the multi-channel registering system of TMI, additional effect obtained from applying a method of error-correcting coding TMI correcting omissions and inversion bits [1], is applied, as well as the effect of applying the criteria for the choice of parameters of TMI frame synchronizer [2]. This article presents the necessary and effective criteria for constructing the single output stream of information and to assess the quality of the output stream in various realizations of the multi-channel registering system of TMI.The paper discusses two options for building a multi-channel recording system. The first variant of the system does not use additional methods of error-correcting coding during transmission. The second option for constructing a multi-channel system is based on the use of the developed combination of convolutional codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) (error-correcting coding method presented in [1]).The paper presents selection criteria of the most significant pieces of TMI input streams and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed implementations. It gives a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed methods for constructing a multichannel recording system of TMI according to the following parameters: 1) bit error rate in the output TMI frame; 2) the percentage of fully reconstructed output frames; 3) the gain defined as the ratio of bit error rate in output TMI output frame for the systems under comparison.

The paper considers the process of algorithmization of reference security models implemented on the basis of the existing formal security models. Main approaches to practical implementation of reference security models in a key of identifying potential areas for improvement are studied. The paper describes the analysis of constraints of models for synthesis based on their formal reference model amenable to implementation in a software algorithm for subsequent practical security analysis of real systems. On the basis of a formalized model graph is built which combines multiple information security vulnerabilities and attack methods of realization of the consequences for the security systems on the basis of which controllable models of real systems can be created. An algorithm of the semi-automatic analysis of the security of corporate automated systems is developed.

The paper presents a unified model for testing tools for object-oriented application development. Based the available papers were identified shortcomings of existing work and identified the following optimal criteria, which shall comply the resulting model: 1. To deep inheritance hierarchies 2. To presents of multiple inheritance hierarchies 3. To presents of abstract classes in the hierarchy 4. To presents of multiple (n-ary) associations 5. To presents of associations with attributes 6. To presents of a composition between classes 7. To presents of recursive associations 8. To presents of associations between classes belonging to the same inheritance hierarchy 9. To presents of association classes 10. To presents between the association class and other classes 11 To presents enumerations in model With a unified graphical language UML class diagram unified model testing. The paper we verified compliance with the resulting implementation of the selected criteria was presented. Currentlythe implementation of applications using object-oriented programming languages and relational databases. To overcome the object-relational mismatch it is necessary to implement object-related mapping patterns presents. The paper presents three methods used to represent the class hierarchy highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of each method. For test the feasibility a unified model chosen development environment SharpArchitect RAD Studio which is designed object applications in C# and are implementing a relational database. The paper presents the developed object model in the form a class diagram showing the interfaces and inheritance relations diagram containing all the tables and columns the resulting database. In the conclusion recommendations on the areas for further development work and identified the need of implement a unified model with other approaches proposed by the authors was used.

Integrated circuits, systems on a chip are the key links in various industrial systems and state defense systems. The emergence of counterfeit integrated circuits, problems of piracy, overproduction, unauthorized interference in the design of microcircuit, hardware Trojans require the development of methods and means of their timely detection. Trojans can be introduced into the integrated circuits structure both on the development stage and during the production process, including the stages of specification, design, verification and manufacturing. The inclusion of additional elements in the integrated circuits structure jeopardizes the functional suitability and reliability of the system as a whole. For the purpose of hardware protection of projects, the methods of hardware coding are currently used.The paper discusses the features and reliability of logical coding of combinational circuits. An algorithm for cracking the code of combinational circuits is proposed, based on the description of encoded structure by the resolution function and reducing the problem to SAT CNF. The initial data for decoding the structure of a digital device is the structural implementation of encoded circuit, obtained, for example, by reverse engineering (prototype design), as well as an activated physical sample of an integrated circuit, when into protected from unauthorized access memory the correct key value is loaded. This sample can be used as a black box model. The main idea of breaking a key is to solve a problem without research on a large interval of values of input and output variables.

Objective. In recent decades, criteria for identifying potential areas have evolved hand in hand with technological tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). However, the criteria for the preservation of protected areas are often not taken into account, thus causing damage to environmental biodiversity that can become irreparable. This paper presents the way of optimizing the process of locating key terrain points by developing a hybrid algorithm for geospatial analysis in QGIS. The goal is to speed up computational time, which is a critical variable for the entire key point detection process, and to suggest potential areas that do not pose a threat to biodiversity. Methods. The strategy used is based on two fundamental assumptions: identifying the tops of spatial objects (rivers) and analyzing the distances between spatial objects (rivers and adjacent territories). The tops extraction allows obtaining potential points, while the distance analysis allows selecting among them those points that are in the range acceptable for locating a dam, provided that the least possible damage to the biodiversity of the adjacent territory is caused. The algorithm was validated using the example of the hydrological network of Manicaragua, Cuba. Results. The results were compared in terms of the calculation time used, the number of valid tops extracted, and the percentage reduction in the total number of areas. This comparison was made using one, two and three vector layers (.shp) with spatial objects representing strategic protected areas. Conclusion. The results obtained show that the more representative the space data (.shp) used, the more effective the results obtained using the algorithm are in relation to environmental protection tasks. A reduction of up to 13% from originally detected key points has been achieved.

The paper presents an analytical review of the application of biometric recognition systems in relation to facial image identification technologies. The classification of biometric systems is presented. The trends of technological progress in the field of biometrics and facial recognition capabilities are considered. It is determined that in 2020 there is a trend of transition from the use of biometric recognition technologies in traditional state security systems to the sphere of commercial and user applications. The process of «linking» encryption keys and passwords with the biometric parameters of the data subject is described. It is proposed that a biometric feature and a biometrics parameter mean a certain value that has a physical meaning that characterizes the subject itself. The possibility of using circular neighborhood and bilinear interpolation of pixel intensity values in biometrics is also presented. This will make it possible to build a local binary template. In order to solve the problem of identification of persons, it is advisable to investigate the essence of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons, their types, identifying the shortcomings of each of them, on the basis of which to present the directions of elimination and search for the most reliable technologies. The essence of the use of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons is, for example, that the user can provide the bank or other counterparty with evidence that it is he who wants to use the services on his accounts. At the same time, the demand has increased for contactless biometric solutions. These technologies are implemented in order to conduct additional biometric verification of users. This allows to minimize possible fraud or violation of the internal rules of the service, for example, the transfer of accounts of some registered users to others.

The article addresses the issues related to stationary video recorders: their types, purpose, principles of functioning, design characteristics, key components installed in these devices. The author analyses the procedure for using the video recordings from the surveillance cameras in court proceedings. He also justifies the need for comprehensive examinations when investigating stationary video recorders and points out the cases when the appointment of an examination is necessary and when a specialist inspection is enough. The paper presents a research sequence for a stationary video recorder as a computer forensics’ object. Possible questions to the expert, methods, and approaches are listed; difficulties arising during the examination are considered. The author analyzes a case study of a stationary video recorder examination from the expert practice of the laboratory of computer forensics of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.

The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting

Requirements figure prominently in information system development. Both development phase of the system and phase of its verification depends on how qualitative requirements are. That is why it"s required to describe requirements as accurately and correctly as it possible. One of the properties that define quality of requirements collecting is completeness. The paper shows that if one obtains sources and symptoms of the requirements incompleteness (completeness absence), classifies, generalizes and clarifies them then one can check requirements for these symptoms while collecting requirements or after that. This will sufficiently decrease the incompleteness of the requirements and thus improve their quality. The paper contains some symptoms of incompleteness have already been revealed and explains the reason of their appearance. These symptoms have been revealed by analyzing the documentation of some important industrial projects.

This paper analyzed two libraries for implementation of automata in dynamic languages. The comparison has been made based on modifying the functionality of the Restful-authentication plugin for Ruby on Rails framework. These libraries allow transferring a graphical model into a source code. Moreover library developed by the authors of the paper provide a method for creation of state groups which reduces the number of transitions required to implement the automaton in the code. Also this library preserved the hierarchy of the parent automata after inheritance. Using developed library it is possible to perform a reverse engineering and restore the original graphical model from the source code.

Introduction. The paper considers problems of creating information support for solving the task of assessing the maturity level of an organization. It is proposed to use intelligent information systems, i.e. expert systems. Substantive aspects of various stages of creating such systems are briefly described; the expert system architecture, which is based on using a fuzzy expert knowledge base, is given. The work objective was to create new software to solve the problem of assessing the maturity level of an organization. Materials and Methods. Previously performed modeling of the subject domain under consideration allowed us to create a knowledge base in the form of production memory, which is the basis of the fuzzy inference mechanism. The software is written in PHP and is suitable for embedding in complex web applications. The software system is a web application written primarily in PHP and JavaScript. The software works in all modern web browsers, which accelerates significantly the implementation and deployment based on both the parent-enterprise and its subsidiaries. Results. New software has been created to automate the processing of questionnaires during the organization’s selfassessment based on key indicators, as well as considering 6 main groups of the quality management system indicators. Application of the program will significantly speed up the process of input and processing of expert information required for self-assessment. The program provides organizations to get an adequate idea of the opportunities and prospects for improving the organization’s quality management system. Some fragments of the software system interface are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed software can be used to determine the level of maturity of an organization. The application of Web-technologies improves usability, reduces software support costs. The software can be both deployed in the existing network infrastructure of a customer and used by all the functionality through connecting to a remote server. The software is optimized for various screen resolutions, which allows you to use it not only at the central office, but also when analyzing the quality management system of corporate customers. The traffic generated by the web application is optimized for working with mobile devices with a low-speed Internet connection. Application of the program will significantly reduce the time for users to enter and process expert information required for the problem solving and to eliminate duplication of information.

Machine learning is applied in every field of human activity using digital data. In recent years, many papers have been published concerning artificial intelligence use in classification, regression and segmentation purposes in medicine and in ophthalmology, in particular. Artificial intelligence is a subsection of computer science and its principles, and concepts are often incomprehensible or used and interpreted by doctors incorrectly. Diagnostics of ophthalmology patients is associated with a significant amount of medical data that can be used for further software processing. By using of machine learning methods, it’s possible to find out, identify and count almost any pathological signs of diseases by analyzing medical images, clinical and laboratory data. Machine learning includes models and algorithms that mimic the architecture of biological neural networks. The greatest interest in the field is represented by artificial neural networks, in particular, networks based on deep learning due to the ability of the latter to work effectively with complex and multidimensional databases, coupled with the increasing availability of databases and performance of graphics processors. Artificial neural networks have the potential to be used in automated screening, determining the stage of diseases, predicting the therapeutic effect of treatment and the diseases outcome in the analysis of clinical data in patients with diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, ocular tumors and concomitant pathology. The main characteristics were the size of the training and validation datasets, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve). A number of studies investigate the comparative characteristics of algorithms. Many of the articles presented in the review have shown the results in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, error values that exceed the corresponding indicators of an average ophthalmologist. Their introduction into routine clinical practice will increase the diagnostic, therapeutic and professional capabilities of a clinicians, which is especially important in the field of ophthalmic oncology, where there is a patient survival matter.

The paper describes the application of the optimization method of fuzzy automatic classification in the problem of combining estimates of trajectory measurements in a radar system. By a radiolocation system the author mean an automated hierarchical technical complex that combines, using communication tools, a set of asynchronously functioning radiolocation tools, as well as central and intermediate points that collect, process and issue trajectory radiolocation information. It must be borne in mind that in conditions of tracking tight groups of air targets, with relatively small intervals and distances, it is not always possible to obtain trajectory information of the required quality. The main reason for this is the difficulty in determining the values of the correlation matrices of errors in estimating the parameters of the state vector of air targets. The task becomes more complicated as the number of intermediate processing points increases when it is brought to the final consumer. The main goal of the article is to increase the accuracy of estimates of trajectory measurements in a radiolocation system. The research is done by means of the mathematical tool of fuzz-set theory, namely, by optimizing fuzzy automatic classification. The article demonstrates that using fuzzy automatic classification under a priori parametrical uncertainty in the law of trajectory measurement errors, when determining weight coefficients, can improve the accuracy of estimates in these conditions up to 30 % compared with methods based on the application of the probabilistic approach. The results obtained allow us to justify the prospects of using optimization methods of fuzzy automatic classification in the tasks of processing trajectory information. In addition, the advantage of the proposed method is its low computational complexity and ease of implementation, which is especially important while maintaining a large number of airborne objects.

The use of information technologies and, in particular, information training systems increases capacity of both a teacher and a student to achieve their goals in an educational process, taking into account individual characteristics of each and providing opportunities for continuing education. The paper proposes and considers a new automated learning management system, called CATS (Care About the Students). The proposed system covers all components of the educational process, allows to conduct an electronic journal of visiting and defending laboratory works, distribute topics and monitor progress of course and diploma projects (creating automatically task sheets with subsequent export to MS Word editor). The CATS LMS makes it possible to test students’ knowledge in control and self-education modes, to form electronic educational and methodical complexes, to inform students about topics of lecture and practical classes with the possibility of downloading relevant materials, to provide educational content in SCORM format, developed by teachers around the world. Working in the CATS system, it is possible to exchange messages with students and teachers, to monitor progress and process of studying in respect of the proposed material by students, to check accomplished assignments of students for plagiarism. The system under consideration also takes into account specificity of training at a technical higher education institution, providing for work with an integrated project management system and ability to submit bugs. The CATS LMS has been implemented as a web application using modern technologies and it is available in the local network within the whole university at [172.16.11.72:2020].

Актуальность работы связана с истощением и длительной разработкой существующих месторождений, при этом особую важность приобретает исследование малоизученных участков перспективной нефте- и газоносности. Зачастую предприятия нефтегазодобывающей отрасли сталкиваются с проблемами оценки потенциальных участков в условиях явного недостатка геолого-промысловой информации. Целью работы является обоснование методики оценки проницаемости коллектора - одного из важнейших параметров, влияющих на прогнозирование дальнейшей разработки, при этом он же зачастую представляется и самым сложноопределяемым, особенно в условиях отсутствия промысловых исследований и разработки либо в силу имеющихся противоречий в промысловых данных. Методы. Представлен новый подход для учета и систематизации имеющейся информации по определению проницаемости с одновременным использованием двух инструментов - известного вероятностного подхода к оценке запасов (P10/50/90) и терцилей распределения проницаемости. Комбинация этих подходов позволяет учесть проницаемость, полученную из разных источников - например, по результатам опробования или гидродинамических исследований вместе с данными, полученными в петрофизической модели. Результатом работы является алгоритм, который позволяет комплексировать данные по проницаемости пластов, в том числе определенных недостаточно достоверно, существенно не вдаваясь в причины подобных расхождений. Существенным условием для применения метода в то же время является наличие статистически значимого количества данных, которое можно учесть, привлекая информацию по соседним месторождениям и прилегающим участкам. Также методику представляется возможным применить для определения некоторых других геологических параметров. The relevance of the work is associated with the depletion and long-term development of existing fields, while the study of poorly explored areas of promising oil and gas content is of particular importance. Often, companies in the oil and gas industry meet the problems in assessing potential sites in the face of a clear lack of geological information. The main aim of the research is prediction of the reservoir permeability - one of the most important parameters influencing the prediction of further development while it is often the most difficult to determine, especially in the absence of field research and development, or due to existing contradictions in the field data. Methods. The paper presents the accurate method for accounting and systematization of the available information on permeability estimation with the simultaneous use of two tools - the well-known probabilistic approach to estimating reserves (P10/50/90), as well as the one with the use of terziles. The combination of these approaches allows one to take into account the permeability obtained from different sources - for example, from the well test together with data obtained in the petrophysical model. It is well known, in cases of complex reservoirs, data from different sources may contradict each other. Results. The specified algorithm allows integrating the data on the permeability of reservoirs, including the data determined not sufficiently reliably, without significantly going into the reasons for such discrepancies. At the same time, an essential condition for applying the method is the presence of a statistically significant amount of data, which can be taken into account by using information on neighboring fields and adjacent areas. It also seems possible to generalize the method to the determination of some other geological parameters.

Objectives. The purpose of the work was to change the method of signal transmission containing metrological information from industrial time-pulse ultrasonic gas flow meter to a compu-ting device (CD). It was planned to expand the range of devices serving as gas flow calculators. A hardware-software complex (HSC) for automatic calibration / verification of ultrasonic flowmeters was to be developed. This HSC should work equally well on different operating systems. The information exchange between the CD and the flowmeter was to be carried out wirelessly.Method. The Wi-Fi Pro-tocol was used as a wireless Protocol. The energy-efficient ESP8266 controller was chosen as micro-controller to provide the functionality of Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 board acted as a Wi-Fi access point on the network to which CD was connected for data exchange. The ESP8266 microcontroller also served as a HTTP server. Exchange of metrological and other information was carried out by GET-requests. Given the need for continuous flow measurements and simultaneous communication between the user and the flow meter, requests to the server were transmitted using AJAX technology. The software part of the APK consisted of 3 programs: a program that measured the flow and transmitted the information further to the ESP8266 microcontroller, a server program recorded in ESP8266, providing a response to the requests of CD users, and the client program installed on the CD. The article discusses the key points of the HSC.Result. As a result of this work, the HSC was processed for calibration/verification of ultrasonic gas flow meters. For the first time this process for industrial flow meters was implemented using the ESP8266Wi-Fi controller as an access point. As a WU, it became possible to use any desktop or laptop computer or mobile device with a modern browser.Conclusion. The method proposed in the paper significantly simplified the data exchange between the VU and the flowmeter, reduced the cost of software development due to the common approach for different operating systems.

Automatic dependent surveillance of broadcasting type (ADS-B) is an important means of ensuring the safety and efficiency of air traffic. In the future, the role of ADS-B will increase. At the same time, the cyber security of ADS-B is clearly insufficient. The article analyzes the problem of low security of ADS-B. The main reasons for the vulnerability of ADS-B are the system openness and modern achievements in the development of computer technology and software defined radio (SDR).The classification of probable attacks on the ADS-B system with the goals determination, complexity of implementation and damage from the attack is given. It is concluded that other aviation radio-technical systems possess similar vulnerabilities and require a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the security level. The main reasons for insufficient security of aviation communication, navigation and surveillance systems are: long development and certification cycles, legacy and compatibility requirements, price pressure, frequency overloads and the preference for open systems. The paper gives an overview of the main ways to improve the ADS-B system security. It is shown that all methods of improving security can be divided into two groups: methods based on the identification and authentication of broadcast radio networks subscribers and methods based on the verification of data transmitted over broadcast radio networks by unidentified subscribers. The methods of the first group implement algorithms of the "identification-authentication" type and can be divided into non-cryptographic and cryptographic; the latter can use symmetric or asymmetric encryption. The methods of the second group are based on various algorithms for data verification from the ADS-B system with some additional data obtained through other channels or other sources. The methods of the second group are considered: multilateration, distance restriction, Kalman filtering, statistical hypothesis testing, group verification, reasonableness check and the use of additional data. The article provides the examples of using some methods to improve the security of the ADS-B system, their advantages and disadvantages.

In the last 10 years there has been a revolu on in the fi eld of computer image analysis and pa ern recogni on. Modern algorithms of computer vision equaled and even in some problems surpassed human capabili es. This jerk is largely due to the emergence and development of the technology of deep convolu onal neural networks.Recent developments in the fi eld of image processing and machine learning open up the prospect of crea ng systems based on ar fi cial neural convolu onal networks, superior to humans in problems of image classifi ca on, in par cular, in solving problems of analysis of various medical images. Among the most promising applica ons: automated recogni on and classifi ca on of skin diseases, detec on of pathologies on X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound imaging. In the proposed project, we will focusour a en on on the diagnosis of human skin diseases.At the moment, melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of malignant tumors of the skin with a lot of deaths due to rapid metastasis, which is difficult to treat. The development of computer vision technology has allowed the development of technical vision systems that allow detec on and classifi ca on of skin diseases with a quality that is comparable and in some cases exceeds the values a ained by man.In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm for the primary diagnosis of skin melanoma based on deep neural networks, achieving an accuracy of 91% for melanoma in dermatoscopic images. At the moment, the algorithm is implemented programma cally and is used in the test version of the online system for detec ng and classifying skin diseases, available at skincheckup.online.Thanks to this development, the prospect of a signifi cantincrease in the propor on of people subjected to preven ve examina on for the presence of skin diseases opens up. Along with this, an addi onal source of informa on for specialized professionals can also play a role in seng the right diagnosis.

Introduction. The study is concerned with revealing specific aspects of use of implicit knowledge when combined sequence is learned. The paper focuses on the problem of unconscious perception of multiple information. Unlike most of other researches in implicit learning, the present study probes into implicit knowledge usage under condition of conscious manipulation of one of several parameters in combined sequence. The aim of the study is to reveal aspects of implicit knowledge use in combined sequences learning. Materials and Methods. “Sequences learning” experimental technique was implemented to find out attributes of implicit knowledge gaining and usage in sensomotor tasks. 9 geometrical figures of different forms and colours were exposed 15 times sequentially in the certain order during the training phase of the study. Participants were asked to press certain key after a figure of relevant form appeared on the screen as quick as they can. During the test phase that followed, participants were asked to press a certain key after a figure of relevant colour appeared on the screen. Conditions varied depending on whether one or another pattern (by form or by color) was implemented in the sequence of stimulus. Time of sensorimotor reaction in serial reaction task was used as empirical marker of learning efficacy. The procedure was carried out on a typical serial laptop with screen resolution 1366x768 pixels running a program specially written for the present study. Results. We have found that a person is capable to learn implicitly several patterns in structured information presented during the “sequence learning” task. There is no interference between different rules that were learned. Implicit knowledge about the pattern of relevant parameter has a major impact on solving the task that needs conscious control. Thereafter, learning the pattern of irrelevant parameter has no significant effect. Discussion and Conclusion. Learning of combined sequences can lead to positive and negative effects on further actions. Positive effect occurs when implicitly learned sequence corresponds to conditions of the task (relevant parameter remains). Negative effect occurs when sequence does not correspond to conditions of the task (relevant parameter changes). Positive and negative aftereffects of combined sequences learning can be interpreted as an expression of complex type setting phenomena: these effects occur because of unconscious state of readiness to perceive an appearance of objects in a certain way. The results can be useful for educational programme developers, especially in trai ning to use different kind of interfaces.

Рассмотрена задача прогнозирования временных рядов в ее одно- и многомерной постановках. Описан метод прогнозирования, в основе которого лежат алгоритмы сжатия данных и искусственного интеллекта. В качестве примера практического применения этого метода приведены вычисления для некоторых социальных, демографических и экономических показателей Новосибирской области. Наряду с широко используемыми на практике программами для сжатия данных, использованы реализации относительно менее известных моделей на основе формальных грамматик, а также метода, основанного на конечных автоматах. Для прогнозных значений построены доверительные интервалы., This paper describes and experimentally investigates a time series forecasting method based on data compression and artificial intelligence techniques. Its basic idea is to combine various algorithms that can estimate the compressed size of a sequence of discrete values into a single method of forecasting. Generalizations of the method to continuous and multivariate cases are described. We use several popular data compression libraries (zlib, bzip2, ppmd), as well as applications of relatively lesser-known algorithms based on formal grammars (re-pair) along with our implementation of an algorithm based on finite automata with multiple heads. All these are employed to make forecasts for some social, economic and demographic indicators of the Novosibirsk region. The article elaborates both our methodology and the methods used for data preprocessing. Confidence intervals with a confidence level of 0.95 are plotted for all predicted values; the average relative errors calculated from the results of predicting the already fixed values are given. Cases in which multivariate forecasting turned out to be more accurate than univariate forecasting are: 1. Average annual population and natural population growth in the Novosibirsk region. Figure 1 shows their graphs along with multivariate predictions, while confidence intervals and mean relative errors are presented in tables 1, 2. 2. Life expectancy and number of deaths in the Novosibirsk region. Figure 2 shows their graphs along with multivariate predictions, confidence intervals and mean relative errors are presented in tables 3, 4. Table 5 gives univariate forecasts of some other indicators of the Novosibirsk region. We think that the results of computations show that the proposed method is capable of finding non-trivial patterns in the data and can be used in practice., Вычислительные технологии, Выпуск 5 (25) 2020, Pages 80-90

Рассмотрены теоретические положения российской педагогической науки, являющиеся основанием для анализа содержания учебного процесса, направленного на освоение методики музыкально ориентированной полихудожественной деятельности студентами-бакалаврами из Китайской Народной Республики; выявлена система интегративных полихудожественных знаний и умений в сочетании с опытом музыкально-педагогического творчества и эмоционально-ценностным отношением к изучаемой методике как составляющим содержания учебного процесса; описана теоретическая модель учебного процесса, направленная на освоение адаптированной методики музыкально ориентированной полихудожественной деятельности китайскими студентами-бакалаврами., The paper is devoted to the theoretical provisions of the Russian pedagogical science being a basis for the analysis of the content of the educational process aimed at mastering the methodology of music-oriented multiartistic activities by undergraduate students from China. The author reveals a system of integrative multiartistic knowledge and skills in combination with the experience of musical pedagogical creativity and emotionvalue attitude to the methodology being studied as elements of the training process content. The author also describes a theoretical model of the training process aimed at mastering the adapted methodology of music-oriented multiartistic activities by Chinese undergraduate students., Научное мнение, Выпуск 6 2020

В статье рассматривается апробация интегративной методики атрибуционного анализа текста на русском языке., This paper focuses on the approbation of an integrative method of attribution text analysis in Russian, based on a combination of the results of an interpretive study of the material and objectification of these results through mathematical statistics., Политическая лингвистика, Issue № 3 (81), Pages 215-224

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, посвященные графической форме существования языка, выраженной в шрифтовом начертании. Шрифтовой знак — буква — интересен как объект дизайна и как объект визуального искусства. Изучение его значения в визуальной системе коммуникаций определяет актуальность темы. Также в работе анализируется значимость изучения связи зрительного образа и его восприятия., The paper discusses the issues related to the graphical form of the language, expressed in the font style. Font sign, a letter, is interesting as an object of design and as an object of visual art. The study of its signifi cance in the visual communication system determines the relevance of the topic. Along with this, the work reinterprets its methodological signifi cance. Materials are proposed for theoretical and practical exercises., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 57 2020

Статья посвящена предварительной публикации тайника из позднеантичного склепа Фанагории. Глубокий грунтовый склеп конца IV - первой половины V в. н. э. был исследован на Восточном некрополе в 2019 г. Он имел две погребальные камеры, одна из которых сохранилась в первозданном виде. В ней обнаружено семь захоронений в деревянных гробах, сопровождавшихся богатым погребальным инвентарем, в том числе золотыми украшениями. В полу камеры склепа был открыт тайник. В нем обнаружен длинный всаднический меч с золотым навершием на длинной деревянной рукояти. Рядом с мечом лежали элементы снаряжения воина. Престижное оружие имеет восточное происхождение и принадлежит к группе иранских мечей ранней сасанидской традиции с характерным навершием. Подобные мечи с очень длинными рукоятями известны на изображениях сасанидских царей. Экземпляр оружия из тайника уникален для Азиатского Боспора эпохи Великого переселения народов. Самые близкие аналогии найдены в тайнике склепа 145 из некрополя Пантикапея. Похожее оружие происходит из памятников Северного Причерноморья, Северного Кавказа, Приуралья. Меч из Фанагории является очередным свидетельством культурных связей Боспорского царства не только с Восточной Римской Империей, но и с Державой Сасанидов., The paper contains a preliminary report on a cache from the Late Classical vault in Phanagoria. A deep ground vault dating from the end of the 4th - first half of the 5th centuries was excavated in the Eastern cemetery in 2019. It had two burial chambers one of which was preserved intact. It yielded seven burials in wooden coffins with rich funerary assemblages including gold jewelry. A hiding place was found beneath the floor of a vault chamber. It contained a long horse riders sword with a gold pommel on a long wooden hilt. There were elements of warriors armor lying near the sword. This prestigious weapon with a typical pommel has an oriental origin and belongs to the group of Iranian swords of the early Sasanid tradition. Such swords with very long hilts can be seen on the paintings of Sasanid rulers. The weapon from this cache is unique for the Asian Bosporan Kingdom of the Migration Period. The closest analogies have been found in a hiding place of vault 145 in the Panticapaeum cemetery. Similar weapons come from the sites located in the northern Black Sea region, the northern Caucasus, and the Urals region. The Phanagoria sword is another evidence of cultural links that the Bosporan Kingdom maintained not only with the Eastern Roman Empire but also with the Sasanid Empire., №257 (2020)

Objectives. The aim of present paper is to minimise the errors in the approximation of experimentally obtained acceleration curves. Methods. Based on the features and disadvantages of the well-known Simoyu method for calculating transfer functions on the basis of acceleration curves, a modified version of the method is developed using the MathLab and MathCad software. This is based on minimising the sum of the squares of the experimental point deviations from the solution of the differential equation at the same points. Results. Methods for the implementation of parametric identification are analysed and the Simoyu method is chosen as the most effective. On the basis of the analysis of its advantages and disadvantages, a modified method is proposed that allows the structure and parameters of the transfer function to be identified according to the experimental acceleration curve, as well as the choice of optimal numerical values of those parameters obtained for minimising errors in the approximation of the experimentally obtained acceleration curves. Conclusion. The problem of optimal control over a complex technical facility was solved. On the basis of the modified Simoyu method, an algorithm for the automated selection of the optimal shape and calculation of transfer function parameters of dynamic elements of complex technical objects according to the acceleration curves in the impact channels was developed. This has allowed the calculation efficiency of the dynamic characteristics of control objects to be increased by minimising the approximation errors. The efficiency of the proposed calculation method is shown. Its simplicity makes it possible to apply to practical calculations, especially for use in the design of complex technical objects within the framework of the computer aided design system. The proposed method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the approximation by at least 20%, which is an important advantage for its practical use.

The ability to predict the dynamics of financial instruments is an important topic for financial market players. In the context of large and heterogeneous information, there is a need to use effective methods to data processing for management decision-making. In particular, machine learning techniques are becoming very popular in financial modeling. The aim of this paper is to forecast the Russian stock price index by using machine learning methods such as neural network modeling and support vector machine and to examine their predictive power. For economic and mathematical modeling, we use statistical and analytical information on the dynamics of the MICEX stock price index, fundamental and technical indicators of the stock market for the period 2002–2016 years. For computational experiments, we use training, testing and validation datasets and software for machine learning in Python. The predictive power of the methods is estimated on the validation data with using both traditional indicators of mathematical statistics (such as absolute and relative prediction error) and count coefficient of determination. We found the use of a longer time period for the MICEX index that corresponds to large training data set in neural network modeling has led to training error reduction. The predictive power of support vector machine on validation data set is higher comparing with neural network modeling. However, that difference in prediction metrics is not significant. The development of a methodology for filtering input data and trading strategy based on machine learning algorithms are possible directions for further research.

In the article the method of automated sentiment analysisevaluation of social network users is represented. The advantage of suggested method consists in ability taking into accountuser’s authority as well as the fact of several messages from one user. As input data for the sentiment analysis with respect to a certain topic is its relevant messages. Automated analysisof these messages is obtained with application of fuzzy logicalgorithms. Particularly when in messages contains fuzzyhedges. The paper presents experimental data showing the steps of calculation of the resulting sentiment evaluation ofmessages on a certain topic.

This paper aims to show the advantages innovative technologies provide in education. The advent of the technological era has indelibly changed the face of education. When appropriately applied in classrooms, technology affects how instruction is delivered, how students access and process information, and how learning is assessed.

The paper is untended to draw attention to information communication technologies in teaching Russian as a foreign language for special purposes at level B 2. In this regard the educational process of teaching Russian as a foreign language is examined for promoting quality improvement in the process of ELT. Technology-enhances language learning(TELL) is described through computer-assisted language learning(CALL)-presentations, webinars, videolectures. The authors share their experience obtained during teaching Russian as a foreign language for special purposes at the Department of Linguistics and cross-cultural communication at MESI University.

На материале произведений известного прозаика Владимира Солоухина рассмотрены особенности семантики специальных оценочных конструкций — сочетаний с творительным падежом ограничения. Проанализированы две классификации данных сочетаний — по основанию оценки и по ее характеру. Отмечено, что, несмотря на относительную потерю устойчивости данных сочетаний по сравнению с древнерусским периодом, они продолжают употребляться и в текстах современного русского языка, выражая те же виды оценок, что и в древнерусском языке., Exemplified by the works of the famous prose writer Vladimir Soloukhin, the paper considers features of the semantics of special evaluative constructions — combinations with the instrumental case of restriction. The author analyzes two classifications of these combinations — in accordance with the basis of evaluation and with its type. It is noted that, despite the relative instability of the combinations with the instrumental case of restriction compared to the old Russian period, the combinations continue to be used in the texts of the modern Russian language, expressing the same types of evaluation as in the old Russian language., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 46 2019

В статье рассматриваются "чеховский код" и его значение в трилогии А. Н. Толстого "Хождение по мукам". Для этого, прежде всего, изучается семейная переписка писателя с родителями и анализируется формирование "чеховского мифа" в окружении Толстого и в сознании юноши. Далее автор статьи обращается к решению следующих вопросов: вчем именно может быть увидено присутствие "чеховского кода" на страницах трилогии, почему было так важно присутствие Чехова на страницах трилогии, и зачем Толстому потребовался "чеховский код" в "Хождении по мукам"., The article is devoted to the first Slovak rendition of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's play The Power of Darkness. It focuses on the cultural and social issues of the creation of three separate translations of this play into Slovak, and the subsequent realization of the play at Jan Palarik Theatre in Trnava after a long time gap from writing the work. The paper examines the influence of L. N. Tolstoy on the philosophical and social directions of culture in Slovakia, its overlaps into the political agitation and artistic spheres, deals with a significant group of Slovak intellectuals so-called Slovak Tolstoys. It balances the theatrical rendition itself., Уральский филологический вестник, Issue № 5, Pages 95-113

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects of development of digital technologies in construction. The fundamental concepts of digital economy, digital production and digital technologies are introduced; a peculiar "evolution" of the design process in construction is described (transition from so-called "paper-based" technologies to computer aided design systems and further to information modeling of construction objects). Contemporary achievements of mathematical and computer modeling of loads and impacts, contemporary achievements and problems of mathematical (numerical) modeling of the stress-strain state, dynamics and stability at the basic and special combinations ofloads and impacts at significant stages oflife cycle of construction object are specified. Digital technologies in experimental and field studies are considered, the interrelation with mathematical modeling is shown, digital technologies in production of materials, products and structures are presented, the brief and substantial analysis of development of computer material science is given. Among the very topical issues raised in the article we should also highlight BIM - a fundamentally new approach in architectural and construction design, which includes creation of a computer model of a new building (structure), which carries all the information about the future of the object and is an instrument of control over its life cycle. Building Information Model is, in essence, a reflection of the ideas of the digital economy in construction and digital technology in the construction economy. The article also explains the concept of so-called "smart" home, "smart" district, "smart" city, "smart" region and "smart" country, which are normally used by professionals in terms of current realities,long-term and medium-term prospects. Finally, the expediency of development of design codes in the field of information technologies is assessed.

Предложен основанный на теоретико-информационном подходе метод оценки эффективности сетей передачи данных. Метод позволяет получить априорную оценку эффективности проектируемой сети на основе информации о ее параметрах, так как для получения оценки не требуется наличия действующей сети и данных, получаемых в процессе ее эксплуатации. Дано описание метода, а также приведены примеры его использования для оценки эффективности сетей доставки контента и сетей на базе peer-to-peer-технологии., Purpose. Development and investigation of the method for analytical estimation for the efficiency of data transmission networks basing on the details of the supposed network parameters. This method allow us to evaluate a priori comprehensive estimation of efficiency of the network being designed without the necessity of collecting and analyzing real world network operational data. Methodology. A set of files to be downloaded by the network node is considered as a subsequence of letters generated by stationary and ergodic process. Basing on the fundamentals of Information theory the entropy efficiency was defined to characterize a capacity of data transmission network. Informally, the value actually indicates the growth rate of the amount of files that can be transmitted via the network depending on a certain unit of time. To model the distribution of the probability of access to files, Zipf’s law was used. Findings. A general description of a method for efficiency estimation of data transmission networks was presented in the paper. Detailed guidelines to apply the method to the estimation of multimedia content delivery networks and file sharing P2P networks, i. e. systems of two wide spread classes, were shown. The method was also investigated on the software models of the systems to show the possibility of using the method as a tool for optimal selection of network parameters. Originality/value. The suggested information-theoretic method is aimed to analytically estimate the efficiency of the data transmission networks. It can be used as a strong tool to construct both new multimedia data transmission systems and optimization of the existing services., №3(23) (2018)

статья определяет веб-форум как речевой жанр в рамках электронного общения и раскрывает особенности данного жанра в ходе анализа его жанрообрузующих признаков. Автор приходит к выводу об актуальности жанра форум в современном обществе и о его включении в иерархию речевых жанров виртуального дискурса.the paper determines web-forum as a speech genre in terms of virtual communication discovering the peculiarities of this genre in course of analyzing its major genre features. The author considers web-forum to be a modern genre and a member of electronic communication hierarchy.

The paper has a goal to identify a set of parameters of the environment and infrastructure with the most significant impact on institutional-matrices that dominate in different countries. Parameters of environmental conditions includes raw statistical indices, which were directly derived from the databases of open access, as well as complex integral indicators that were by method of principal components. Efficiency of discussed parameters in task of dominant institutional matrices type recognition (X or Y type) was evaluated by a number of methods based on machine learning. It was revealed that greatest informational content is associated with parameters characterizing risk of natural disasters, level of urbanization and the development of transport infrastructure, the monthly averages and seasonal variations of temperature and precipitation.

Independent components communicating with each other due to complex control make the work of complex distributed computer systems poorly scalable within the framework of the existing communication middleware. Two major problems of such systems' scaling can be defined: overloading of unequal nodes due to proportional redistribution of workload and difficulties in the realization of continuous communication between several nodes of the system. This paper is focused on the developed solution enabling visualization of the work of such a dynamical system.

In this paper, we illustrates the ways to improve abilities of the computing environments by using virtualization, single system image (SSI) and hypervisor technologies’ collaboration for goal to improve computational abilities. Recently cloud computing as a new service concept has become popular to provide various services to user such as multi-media sharing, online office software, game and online storage. The cloud computing is bringing together multiple computers and servers in a single environment designed to address certain types of tasks, such as scientific problems or complex calculations. By using virtualization technologies, cloud computing environment is able to virtualize and share resources among different applications with the objective for better server utilization, better load balancing and effectiveness.

The purpose of this paper is to present the basic principles of the construction and operation of monitoring systems of the tool condition, and the machine tooling backup man-agement in the computer-aided manufacturing. The proposed approach is focused on creating conditions for the effective tool state management. For this, the application of the intelligent host control module on the basis of the interactive electronic technical documentation of the mechatronic technological object is proposed. Valuation principles of the tool life fuzzy boundary are fully considered on the basis of the of fuzzy knowledge theory. Three methods for estimating the parameters of the resistance fuzzy boundary are presented. A neural network which operates on the basis of the developed fuzzy prediction rule base of the cutting tool wear depending on the instrument status and its impact on the part cutting accuracy is built. The results obtained are applicable in the sphere of the industrial engineering.

the subject of the paper is the internet newspaper. Being based on a printed newspaper, an internet newspaper is viewed as hybrid, which means that it combines traditional parameters of the prototype and means of information organization and presentation peculiar for the Internet. Among them there are special graphic issuance of text, multimedia features, hypertextuality, a multilayered construction and interactivity.

The paper is devoted to the study of the verbal semantic parameters used in the Russian National Corpus (RNC). The author analyzes the lexical-semantic groups of verbs and the problems of creating filters for automatically searching for a selected group (so-called secondary imperfectives). A detailed analysis of the corpus results revealed the problem with the semantic annotation of the RNC and the need for its improvement. Настоящая статья посвящена семантическим параметрам, используемым при поиске глаголов в Национальном корпусе русского языка (НКРЯ). Автор анализирует лексикально-семантическую группу глаголов и проблемы образования фильтров, применяемых к автоматическому поиску особенной группы глаголов (так наз. вторичных имперфективов). Анализ их семантического описания указывает на существенные недостатки НКРЯ и необходимость усовершенствования семантической разметки.

В статье проводится анализ правового статуса такого нового феномена, как «криптовалюта». В качестве предпосылки для исследования выступает гипотеза об отнесении криптовалюты к объектам гражданских прав. Приводятся примеры законодательного регулирования криптовалюты в некоторых зарубежных странах. В заключении авторы приходят к выводу о необходимости соответствующего законодательного решения данной проблемы и соответственно отнесения криптовалюты к объектам гражданских прав., The paper analyses the legal status of such a new phenomenon as cryptocurrency. The research prerequisite is the hypothesis of assigning cryptocurrency to the objects of civil rights. Examples of legal regulation of cryptocurrency in some foreign countries are given. The authors come to a conclusion about the need for a legislative solution of this problem and, accordingly, attribution of cryptocurrency to the objects of civil rights., Научное мнение. Экономические, юридические и социологические науки, Выпуск 2 2018, Pages 19-23