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The existence of tax havens is an integral phenomenon of the modern stage of the world economy development. They compete with each other on the basis of tax rates, privacy level, quality and speed of the service offered. Determining the impact of tax havens is now a rather pressing issue, deepening which has largely contributed to leakages of information, particularly the Panama Papers. However, the leaks of information from tax havens are not sufficiently covered in the research of both domestic and foreign scholars. The article is aimed at examining the impact of tax havens and the Panama Papers information leak on the world economy. The definition of tax havens and their scale in modern conditions of globalization economy is considered. In the systematization of scientific works the relatively different leaks of information from tax havens were compared and the largest of them was identified. The essence of the activities of Mossack Fonseca, the company that was the victim of the data leak, is disclosed. The dynamics of registered offshore companies within the framework of the Panama Papers leak are substantiated. With the help of a mathematical model, the authors computed a trend vector of movement of the number of companies, which are using the services of offshore zones. As a result of regression trend analysis, it was defined that the number of companies registered by Mossack Fonseca tends to grow (an average of 292 units annually). This indicates that, despite the publication of classified information, the popularity of tax havens continues to increase. The main intermediary countries, which are most popular in tax speculation, are provided. It is determined that the simplicity of formalization and registration of companies, the lack of control over subsidiaries of multinational business groups are key attributes of the activities of tax havens that contribute to their use to avoid paying income taxes and money laundering. The consequences caused by the activities of tax havens and information leaks from them have been formulated. The most important among them are: sanctions provisions and monitoring of offshore activities.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate approaches to the development and description of tools for monitoring the level of formation of textual competencies of younger schoolchildren in the Chuvash language, to present the results of checking the level of formation of textual competencies of younger schoolchildren in their native Chuvash language. The main research methods: analysis of the methodology of formation and monitoring of general communication skills of younger schoolchildren, the results of All-Russian testing works of students in the 4th grade of the Chuvash Republic in Russian in order to identify difficulties, diagnostics of the level of formation of textual competencies in the native language of students in grades 1-4 of Chuvash schools. The importance of primary education and the importance of language learning, including the formation of textual competencies in younger schoolchildren, is pointed out. The main problems of providing the Chuvash primary school with didactic materials for the development of native speech, as well as tools for monitoring the level of formation of textual competencies are highlighted. An assumption about the expediency of creating and tools for monitoring the level of formation of textual competencies within the framework of the development of a set of didactic materials on the Chuvash language for grades 1-4 is put forward. Research results and conclusions. The necessity of developing verification works designed to ensure the unity of the educational space of the Chuvash Republic for teaching the Chuvash language, including by providing educational institutions with uniform verification materials and uniform criteria for evaluating educational achievements, is substantiated. The purpose and objectives, the methodology of developing diagnostic materials for determining the level of formation of textual competencies are clarified. The materials and results of diagnostics of textual competencies of younger schoolchildren in the Chuvash language are described. The ideas and provisions implemented in the materials for determining the level of formation of textual competencies in the Chuvash language were successfully tested in grades 1-4 in a number of Chuvash schools, and also approved by teachers.

This article is the result of a two-hour workshop given to new faculty attending the International Scientific School on Engineering Education for New Industrialization held in Kazan, Tatarstan from September 23–28, 2013. The goal of the workshop was to help faculty who are interested in publishing in English at conferences. The workshop had three parts: selecting the best venue, creating an interesting title and writing a good abstract.

The purpose of this article is to find approaches to understanding of Anna Akhmatova’s poetry in the eleventh grade classroom. The author presents written and oral assignments that can lead students to an understanding of the lyrics through independent reading comprehension. Each assignment creates a problem situation at the lesson. Acquisition of new material in such an approach is creative, that is, it takes place via looking for new information in a problem situation. The group of students in this case serves as a “collective researcher” (L. S. Aizerman), and the answer is sought throughout the whole lesson. Such assignments create an unexpected situation in which readymade typical answers do not work, the same as searches on the Internet. The assignments were used by the author at literature lessons in non-profile and in social-humanities classrooms. The article analyzes extracts from written works and essays of eleventh grade and the author explains his approach to their evaluation. The logic of classes on the poet’s lyrics (love and civil poetry), which end with a discussion of the poem “Requiem”, is described in detail. While reading of the poem “Clasped hands under a dark veil ...” in class, the teacher dwells on the psychological plot in detail, which allows the students to see not only the complexity of the psychological plot but also some continuity of Ahmatova’s and Tyutchev’s lyrics. The article also describes several tasks on the poem “When in the yearning of suicide ...” related to different editions and cultural-historical context; suggests various suitable ways of comparing the poem “Dante” and “Lot’s Wife” in a secondary school literature classroom, formulates a topic for an option class on Akhmatova’s poetry, and describes fragment of the lesson on the poem “Requiem”.

The study is focused on the policy of the pre-revolutionary (tsarist) government of Russia in the field of issuance of paper currency in view of situation around the First World War. Against the background of major historical events and the economic situation general analysis, the article reveals the reasons for the changes in the currency issuing policy in Russia, identifies and traces the consequences of this policy in the view of changes in the financial system, as well as in the transformation of money circulation. It is proved that, recognizing the participation in the war as an emergency requiring significant financial reserves the government was forced to prohibit the exchange of banknotes for gold, and to give the State Bank the right to additional issue of currency. Based on the statistical data analysis, it is found that the repeated extension to the State Bank of the right to issue non-gold-covered paper currency not only provided Russia with a source of funding for the war, but, together with other factors, led to inflation. The main goal of the study is to confirm that the change in Russias approach to currency issuance in connection with participation in the war and focusing on budget deficiency coverage by issuing money became one of the main reasons for the subsequent crisis phenomena and processes occurred in the country's economy. The study is based on regulations and statistical data of the considered period involving the work of leading economists of the beginning of the XX century, containing information about the liquidity creation policy in Russia during the years of its participation in the First World War. The paper concluded that the change in the liquidity creation policy in Russia and its continuation in the course of Russias participation in the First World War was due only to the need to reimburse the financial costs caused by participation in the War. At the same time, such policy subsequently led to a disorganization of currency circulation and the entire financial system, negatively affecting the economy of the country as a whole.

The article centers on the problems of reading in the new digital reality associated with the appearance of texts of a new digital format and the changed reading practices. This issue becomes topical, as digital reading starts to prevail over traditional which affects individual readers and the educational system. We conducted a pilot study of the reading skills of fourth-grade students (106 people) and analysed their reading practices. Testing according to the method of L. Yasyukova showed that most pupils (70%) have incomplete reading skills. Our respondents spend more time on digital reading (searching for information and communicating with friends on the Internet) as compared to reading paper books. In classes where pupils spend more time on the Internet, a larger percentage of pupils showed incomplete reading skills. Based on the data obtained, we formulated a hypothesis that requires further verification. The time spent by pupils on the Internet and the amount of digital reading may affect the level of understanding of texts on paper.

The reform of the system of waste management of production and consumption has been implemented for the third decade, but so far it has not been completed and requires further adjustment of all systems of state and municipal administration in order to achieve the stated goals. The article examines the historical roots of the system of waste management of production and consumption and its efficiency. The paper analyses the reasons for the insufficient functioning in Russia of the system of waste management of production and consumption. Improving efficiency requires the development of new approaches to the development of integrated measures and systemic solutions that include the full range of incentives, both material and moral.

The role of macrophages in chronic periodontitis (CP) is essential, but not well understood. The purpose was a thematic analysis of the literature on contribution of M1/M2 macrophage subpopulations to the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, and methodology for macrophages study in order to define directions and approaches for further investigations. Our own research findings as well as papers for the topic by searching the electronic databases (the Google Scholar, PMC, PubMed) were analyzed. M1 macrophages can contribute to CP exacerbation, systemic inflammation enhancement, destruction of periodontal ligament, and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. M2 macrophages are able both to develop tolerance influenced by LPS of periodontopathogens, and to enhance proinflammatory abilities. Experimental depletion of macrophages using clodronate liposomes can prevent the bone resorption. Influences on M1/M2 in CP with the purpose of treatment are not adequately investigated. Polarization of macrophages is regulated by a wide spectrum of recognizing receptors, cytokines, specific signaling pathways and genetic programs, some of which are used as phenotype markers of certain macrophages. The unique molecules for M1/M2 are absent. Phenotypic markers of M1 and M2 show overlap, so markers combinations are used depending on a purpose and type of macrophages or profile/combination of expressed genes. The article lists markers used in various studies for M1/M2 identification. Conclusions. Most of the data on the role of M1/M2 in CP was obtained using monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and in animal models. This paper highlights the important role of M1 and M2 subpopulations of macrophages in the pathogenesis of CP in humans. The identification of predominant macrophage phenotypes remains elusive, as well as consequences of influences on them. Immunohistochemical methods are indispensable for human studies at the present stage due to availability of biopsy. A prospect for further scientific research is to study the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in CP pathogenesis in humans.

The paper discusses the preliminary results of teaching academic writing to scientific and academic staff at South Ural State University (national research university) within the framework of advanced training courses. The 36 and 72-hour training programs were developed by the academic and methodological department of the Office of Academic Writing. The Office was opened at the university in 2016 in order to improve the academic literacy of the university’s academic staff, develop professional communication skills in English, and assist authors who aspire to get their papers published in top rated scientific journals indexed in the scientific citation databases Scopus and Web of Science. Upon completion of these programs, authors of scientific papers gain knowledge about the basics of academic writing, the structure of a scientific paper, the English scientific style and its lexical and grammatical features, as well as editing a paper, working with scientific citation databases, and elaborating a publishing strategy. We conducted a study from October 2016 to December 2018 and calculated data on the attendees’ affiliation (an institute or higher school), the contingent (position), and the importance of the offered training programs (the number of attendees in each course). The obtained data indicates that representatives of social-humanitarian and technical fields show a special interest in the courses. The courses of academic writing are most popular among associate professors who have experience in publishing papers in Russian. Authors are especially interested in intensive practice-oriented programs. Upon completion of the courses and with the support of the Office of Academic Writing, attendees prepared scientific texts in English and submitted them to top rated journals and conference proceedings. The educational activity of the Office of Academic Writing can be developed through elaboration and implementation of new advanced training programs, including the distance ones. Their effectiveness will be evaluated by an increase in the publication activity of the university’s employees.

Contemporary school systems are in the process of reform the aim of which is, among other things, the development of inclusive policies and educational practice. The development of inclusive educational practice implies introducing changes in the school structure and organisation, the conception and realisation of teaching and school activities, as well as changes in teachers’ work. The changes in the way teachers work refer, among other things, to a specific number of new assignments and activities that should be carried out in direct cooperation with other key actors in inclusive education. The paper presents an overview of teachers’ activities and assignments that are stated in expert sources as particularly important in working with students with disabilities, students of typical development, fellow teachers, other experts in the school system, and parents of students with disabilities. Based on the overview, the authors point out that the development of the practice of education of students with disabilities in regular schools, as an important component of inclusive education, implies a redefinition of the role of teachers in the teaching process and school work. A separate section in the paper is dedicated to the explanation of the relevance of preparing teachers to act successfully in schools and the importance of teacher training for inclusive education that should also involve the rethinking and changing teachers’ professional attitudes and beliefs.

The article considers the prospects of adaptation of academic discourse to the needs of Russian tertiary students of the Humanities with the view of developing academic literacy in native language. The authors made an attempt to extrapolate the techniques of academic writing, i.e., note-taking, thesis-writing, paraphrasing, paragraphing, hedging, proof-reading etc. to Russian language research papers and to integrate them with the students’ major. The course implies acquiring research and professional competences as well as readiness to construct one’s own knowledge in mother tongue.

The period between the publication of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 and League of Nations mandates official assignment to Great Britain in 1922 was not lengthy, but highly eventful. All this time England was maneuvring between the Jewish and the Arab national movements, which also gradually formed their own demands and objectives. The problem was, pursuing British interests was possible through maneuvring only, as support of just one local force was not quite strategically advantageous. Britains official commitment to the Balfour Declaration remained at the core of its policy, however it could not completely ignore the demands of the Arab polutaion of Palestine. Although there were quite a number of British administrators and imperial politicians, who were sympathetic towards the Zionist cause and thus were ready to meet their requests to a certain extent, adherence to the British Middle East interests remained crucial to them. The idea of a Jewish national home (not a state, though) in Palestine did not come into contradiction with the general policy of Great Britain in the Middle East: it was rather its integral part. At the same time implementing the Zionist project had to be in line with it: any relatively radical (from the British administrators point of view) proposals were rejected or postponed indefinitely. Towards the Arabs of Palestine Great Britain was conducting mainly declarative policy without any serious consideration of their problems and grievances, although trying to appease their demands to a certain extent. Even the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921 did not cause a serious change in the British political course in Palestine, although they did contribute to the emergence of Churchills White Paper in 1922, declaring certain concessions to the Arab national movement, which never accepted the document. At the same time British policy in general was neither pro-Zionist, nor pro-Arab: England was pursuing its long-term strategic goals in the Middle East, skillfully utilizing Zionist and Arab national movements to achieve them.

The history of Baikalsk and the BPPM became the background of the traditional all-Russian festival ArchBukhta organized by the Club of Young Architects (Irkutsk). The organizers associated the theme of the festival, Obvilion, with its problematical character, direct connotations with the fate of the Mill and existential questions. The article describes the art objects created by the participating teams.

The paper analyzes monograph «The Money of the Revolution and the Civil War: 1917–1920», prepared by the head of the Department of Modern History of Russia at St. Petersburg State University, Doctor of History, Professor M. V. Khodyakov. The book is released in 2019 by the St. Petersburg State University Publishing House (St. Petersburg). It analyzed features of the author’s approach in covering financial history at a turning point in the functioning of Russian statehood during the Revolution and the Civil War. An attempt is made to analyze the most significant regularities of the interrelated development of the state-political and financialeconomic spheres. The scientific, methodological novelty of the monograph is noted, as well as certain aspects that are promising for further study of the problem covered in the reprinted work

Linear printed text and nonlinear hypertext compete for the attention of children and adults. The article will focus on the problems of reading in the new digital reality associated with the emergence of new format texts and changing reading practices. This issue is becoming relevant, as digital reading begins to prevail over traditional, which has an impact on individual readers and on the education system as a whole. This problem remains insufficiently studied in the social Sciences. The first part of the article discusses the possible social and pedagogical consequences of the transition to digital reading in education. A review of scientific research on the problem shows that children understand texts better if they read them on paper. One reason for this is the different purposes with which we read printed and digital texts. Screen reading is more often a means to communicate or to find information, with the result that the mechanism of digital reading can be defined as «read-slip» as opposed to a slower, thoughtful immersion in printed text. The modern education system should provide conditions for the formation of double literacy: traditional and new, which will allow to understand the deep and complex things presented in digital and printed format. The results of the empirical study of reading practices of fourth grade students will be presented in the second part of the article.

The history of Baikalsk and the BPPM became the background of the traditional all-Russian festival ArchBukhta organized by the Club of Young Architects (Irkutsk). The organizers associated the theme of the festival, Obvilion, with its problematical character, direct connotations with the fate of the Mill and existential questions. The article describes the art objects created by the participating teams.

Рассмотрены изменения подходов к организации мероприятий по представлению результатов исследовательских работ детей в условиях перехода на вынужденное удаленное обучение в 2020 г. Описан опыт разных вариантов решения проблемы смены привычных форматов детских конкурсов и конференций в Томском государственном педагогическом университете и гимназии № 29 г. Томска. При этом учитывается количественный состав участников и их география, возможность обсуждения прослушанных докладов другими участниками, возможность наглядного сопровождения доклада демонстрацией и др. Подробно описано проведение детских конкурсов в формате видео конференций и видеозаписей публичных выступлений. Данная форма может стать эффективной поддержкой исследовательского интереса и познавательной активности обучающихся в условиях, когда живое общение невозможно. Представлен анализ достоинств и недостатков очного, дистанционного и смешанного форматов образовательных событий по представлению обучающимися своих исследований.

Copyright of Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control is the property of Zaporizhzhia National Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines institutions and doctrines of international activity of a subject of federation on the example of Quebec. For half a century this French speaking Canadian province has been one of the most visible and active actors among non-sovereign actors. The presented research shows the evolution of its institutions responsible for international relations and reveals the specifics of the activities of the Quebec delegations and bureaus abroad; it also analyzes the provincial doctrines and white papers on international agenda. It is noted that institutions and doctrines related to Quebec international activity bear a symbolic function along with its immediate practical purpose, reflecting its national, cultural and linguistic specificity.

Background. Waste paper recycling is characterized by deterioration in the content of fiber mass on the fourdrinier wire of a paper-making (cardboard-making) machine, which leads to the fiber content increase in the pit water and to an increase in losses of the source fiber raw material with waste water. Objective. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of amphoteric polymer resins (APR) on the fiber content effectiveness on the fourdrinier wire and the pit water contamination degree. Methods. According to standard techniques, the degree of fiber content and water turbidity, which arises in the paper and cardboard production during the formation on the paper-making machine fourdrinier wire, is determined. Results. The graphs of the dependence of the pit water turbidity on the APR consumption for different milling degree for MS-5B-2 and МС-8В-3 waste paper grades have been constructed. The high efficiency of the APR influence on the fiber content degree on the PPM wire is confirmed. The optimal values of technological parameters (milling degree and APR consumption) for the estimation of the APR impact on the pit water quality have been established. It is shown that the most effective APR among the investigated chemical auxiliaries is UltraRez 200, and the optimum consumption of all APR is 4 kg/ton of paper. The investigated APR are located by the effectiveness increasing of the APR influence on the degree of fiber content and the pit water turbidity reduction in the following series: Luresin KS – Eka WS 325 – Kymene 25X-Cel – UltraRez 200 – Fennostrengt PA21. Conclusions. The use of APR allows achieving a high degree of fiber retention on the wire up to 97 % and reduces 50–85 % of the pit water turbidity, reduces the loss of the source fibrous raw material, reduces the fresh water consumption and increases the efficiency of paper and paperboard production from waste paper.

Subject of Research. The paper considers physical processes occurring in sensory elements of angular rate and apparent acceleration measuring devices, such as hemispherical resonator gyro and pendulum accelerometer. Inertial masses of the studied sensory elements are made of KU-1 quartz glass. Method. Actual engineering drawings of the sensory elements are converted into a specialized 3D environment to simulate the performance of devices under different input effects, that is impossible with real devices. Moreover, traditional mathematical modeling approach, that involves such software packages as Matlab, does not provide a complete picture. Main Results. Visual information on the nature of motion of inertial masses was obtained using the results of 3D modeling, making it possible to improve and correct the known mathematical models of devices for subsequent Matlab analysis with closed control loop, since the studied gyro and accelerometer are compensation type devices with positive and negative feedback, respectively. Resonant frequencies of the considered devices were calculated as well. Practical Relevance. Considering the accelerometer, the obtained information on resonant frequencies made it possible to calculate band pass filters in order to suppress reactions to disturbances at these frequencies in the device pass band, and for the hemispherical resonator gyro it provides the possibility to define more precisely the resonator working frequency of oscillations.

The paper covers the activity performed at V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine, which functions as a coordination, Хемчян І. Науково-методичне забезпечення діяльності мережі освітянських бібліотек ISSN 2224-9516 Наукові праці Національної бібліотеки України імені В. І. Вернадського. 2019. Вип. 56 scientific and methodological centre within the system of education libraries under the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine during the period from 2000 to 2019. Here are the main directions of scientific and methodical work performed in the library: methodical study of changes taken place in certain libraries as well as the system of education libraries in general; development of conceptual, organisational, administrative, regulatory and methodological documents; providing specialists of education libraries with methodological and advisory assistance (including remote help) on library work; expert-diagnostic visits to education libraries for the purpose of library management consulting; creation of the system of methodical publications covering all areas of activity performed by education libraries; maintaining the functioning of the system of education libraries as a single system; introduction of library innovations in the work of education libraries; improvement of professional skills of the specialists of education libraries using different forms and methods; providing access to information resource on librarianship, bibliography studies, bibliology, documentation studies, and information activity in order to meet the professional needs of librarians, educators, and students; scientific cooperation with leading libraries of other systems, departments, institutions, and organisations, regardless form of ownership (including foreign establishments), etc. In the future, the scientific and methodical work of V. O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine will be focused on searching for, systematising and transforming progressive knowledge in the field of library science, and on generating new ideas that will further the innovative development of education libraries.

The article describes the sampling techniques to verify the quality of performance of auditing tasks and duties, among which it is advisable to use non-statistical and varied sampling methods. During the selection of the tasks for sampling methods, the following benchmarks can be chosen as the example: groups of the auditors of an organization; specialization of the entities that undergo the auditory check up; the type of service rendered; the cost of auditing tasks. When analyzing the selected sample of aggregate concept and design it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the auditing quality control activities. Its main idea is the fact that, unlike auditing, inspection methods are of a more formal approach. Exploring the working papers of auditors, quality controllers use one of the methods of quality control of auditors - the inspection of the automation of the planning process for each specific task. During the test, the external quality controllers assess the level of automation of the work of the auditors. You can use different approaches to this assessment, for example, the introduction of a three-point scale computerization of the work of the auditors. For external supervisors it is important to check the quality of the auditing plan and the auditing program of an organization. The described methods of quality control of the individual planning of auditing tasks ensure at least the minimum confidence in the effectiveness of such planning.

The purpose of the study is to determine the factors for increasing the representation of the Ukrainian scientific community in the international scientific community and raising the international scientific authority of Ukraine. Used Results of the annual G20 evaluation - the effectiveness of research in 2019, conducted by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), part of the Web of Science Group. The principles of introduction of scientometric methods of research of publishing activity of scientists in the international and Ukrainian scientific space are considered. Based on the processing of statistical material and the obtained quantitative estimates, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of research in the G20 and Ukraine according to the Web of Science. In this area, some differences between Ukraine and countries that are world leaders in the organization of the research process are shown. Recommendations for increasing the representation of the Ukrainian scientific community on the Web of Science platform and raising the international scientific authority of Ukraine are offered.

Forest resources and their processing are one of the main components of the economic base of the regions of the European North of Russia. At the same time, the mere fact of the presence of rich wood reserves does not at all indicate their effective use. In this regard, the assessment of the existing production potential of the timber industry complex of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation is of particular relevance and importance. The article discusses the approaches of modern researchers to the assessment of both the forest raw materials and the economic and production potential. The author’s technique is proposed, based on the use of reference values and calculations of the integral indicator of the production potential of the timber industry complex. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the production potential of the timber industry of the regions of the European North of Russia is not fully used – only 62%. In terms of regions, the leader is the Komi Republic, and the outsider is the Murmansk region. The largest reserves are available in the use of forest and market potential. The low level of use of the first is explained by low rates of development of the estimated cutting area, as well as insufficient volumes of reforestation. Low indicators of assessing market potential are due to the fact that low value-added products still dominate in the structure of production of the timber industry complex.

The article is devoted to the analysis of Arctic strategies of the countries of Asia and the Russian Federation. The author considers national programs for the development of the Arctic region provided by the Asian countries and the principles on which these programs are built. Much attention is paid to the common features and differences of the strategies under consideration. Arctic strategies are the most important declarations of intentions and opportunities of the countries interested in the region’s development. By exploring and comparing strategies it is possible to predict opportunities for Asian countries — Russian Federation cooperation in the Arctic region. For the research, methods of abstraction, classification, comparative analysis and modeling were used.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Electrodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper addresses the experience of developing and implementing an online module in academic writing for university staff. The authors describe the module structure and teaching/learning process from the point of view of the course developers and trainers. The paper overviews the key requirements for developing and running online training in research writing. These requirements might be relevant for those involved in teaching, developing and implementing online support modules in academic writing.

In the summer of 2018, serious changes took place in British politics. The issue of Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union even more divided Conservative Party. After lengthy debate, Theresa May’s government outlined the general position on Brexit in the White Paper. There are still controversial points in it, which aroused sharp criticism of supporters of a «hard» EU divorce and led to the resignation of two ministers – D. Davis and B. Johnson. In Scotland, the local government requires certainty from T. May and wants to know what line the UK will take in negotiations with the European Union in case of «no deal». In this situation, T. May tries to take a cautious stance promising Scotland subsidies in order to save the loyalty of the region to the UK

Казакевич Г.М. Видеть разрешенное: фотография и цензура в Российской империи. Целью исследования является рассмотрение истории становления государственного регулирования оборота фотографических изображений в Российской империи и выявление особенностей его применения на практике. Для описания основных механизмов госу- дарственной политики России в отношении фотографического дела использованы традиционные принципы и методы исторического исследования, такие как историзм, системность, критический анализ источников и т. д. Выяснение влия- ния цензурной политики на повседневные практики фотографов-профессионалов и фотолюбителей осуществляется с помощью подходов микроистории. Новизна исследования объясняется постановкой актуальной проблемы и отсутстви- ем подобных работ в историографии. В статье отмечено, что цензурное ведомство было призвано контролировать созда- ние, тиражирование и распространение фотографий и фоторепродукций с целью ограничения доступа населения к изоб- ражениям, угрожающим, по мнению властей, общественной морали, государственному устройству, интересам православ- ной церкви и правящей династии. Автор приходит к выводу, что, будучи крайне строгой с формальной точки зрения, цензурная политика не способна была решить возложенные на нее государством задачи. На практике, механизм контроля действовал неэффективно и лишь создавал дополнительную бюрократическую волокиту, что и привело, в конечном ито- ге, к его частичной ликвидации.In the late 19th – early 20th cc. the Russian imperial authorities were concerned with the fast expansion of the photography. As a result, the public administra- tion undertook efforts to get the new technology under the censor- ship control. The aim of the article is to reveal the theory and practice of the governmental regulation of photography in the Rus- sian empire. Basing on the wide range of archival sources, the author uses traditional methods of the historical study to describe the photography censorship in Russia and employs the approach of microhistory to find out how the censorship affected the everyday life of professional and amateur photographers. The lack of the studies devoted to the relationship between the public authorities and photography in the Russian empire determines the scientific novelty of the paper. From the early 1860ties, both private persons who owned cameras and commercial photographic studios were placed under surveillance of the inspector of publishing facilities and bookstores. Professional photographers were obliged to put their names on all images they produced and keep an account of all their clients. Any photographic activity outside the studio required a special permis- sion of the local authorities. Only members of the photographic societies were allowed to take pictures everywhere in Russia (with an exception of military objects and borderlands) having no certifi- cate from the local governor’s office. Taking and publishing pic- tures of the ruling dynasty members and their residences required a special permission as well. The censorship controlled sharing of the photographic reproductions of the fine art works. The paintings, which (from the censor’s perspective) either propagated revolution- ary and separatist ideas or threatened the reputation of the monar- chy and Orthodox Church, were prevented from exhibiting. The local authorities used to confiscate the photographic reproductions of such paintings. As far as erotic materials were banned com- pletely, the censors paid special attention to any photographic im- ages depicting nudity. The author comes to conclusion, that despite the regulations were strict, the whole system of the state control over the photography was rather ineffective. Having no single law defining benchmarks for evaluating the pictures or even a list of the images banned throughout an empire, the censors used to act selec- tively. Furthermore, in big cities, such as Kyiv, they were too busy to control dozens of photographic studios and amateur photogra- phers. As a result, both photographers and local civil servants ig- nored most of the regulations.

The article describes the potential threats of the changes in the sustainability of the ecological system of lake Baikal which have resulted from the industrial activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. In this urban planning project, it is proposed to create the technopolis on this basis. It is an eco-innovation cluster that is focused on the commercialization of innovative ecological developments in the Baikal Region. It aims to improve the efficiency of the scientific potential of Eastern Siberia.

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The analysis of the three measurement methods of leaf blade area of young bi-axis apple trees on rootstock 54-118 was made. High accuracy of the measurement results by a method of area calculation within a leaf contour on millimeter graph paper (31, 21 cm2) and with help of a method of computer sight using application “Petiole” on Smartphone with operational system Android (31, 28 cm2) was established. The gravimetric method and the use of mobile application “Petiole” appeared to be the most productive as to time consumption to carry out the operation

The current state, problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic are considered in relation to the problems of connecting the Eurasian partnership with the “One Belt, One Way” initiative put forward by the leadership of China and supported by a number of European and Asian states.

Introduction. High-voltage insulation systems always have some background level of the partial discharges, which does not have any significant effect on the life of the electrical insulation design. At the same time, partial discharges destroy high-voltage insulation, leading to a carburization zone around the defect. This is the «hidden» period of development of the defect. The development of a defect zone, sooner or later, leads to an arc breakdown of the entire insulating gap. Purpose. The substantiation of the efficiency of detection of technological defects in high-voltage solid insulation of electrical insulating structures according to the characteristics of partial discharges. Methodology. The conditions for the occurrence of partial discharges in the thickness of the polymer insulation are considered. The possible values of the voltage of the beginning of partial discharges are determined for a model of a cylindrical air gap near the conductor of a power cable. It is shown that with the same applied voltages to high-voltage insulation, in the latter case, air inclusions of smaller thickness are activated in comparison with a flat structure. Practical value. The efficiency of detection of technological defects in solid composite case insulation of the stator winding of turbo- and hydrogenerators is shown. Based on the comparison of the amplitude of the pulses of partial discharges of positive and negative polarity, the estimated location of the technological defects in the insulation has been established.

The article is devoted to two well-known historians of the Ural State University: Mikhail Yakovlevich Syusyumov (1893-1982), the outstanding byzantinist of the 20th century, and Ivan Nikanorovich Chempalov (1913-2008), the founder of the Ural school of historians of international relations. The aim of the article is to study one of the most important aspects of the unique process - the formation of the scientific school of historians of international relations at the Ural University. Special attention is paid to an important stage in the scientific biography of its founder I. N. Chempalov - preparation of the doctoral thesis. The documents are used which had not previously been published, in particular, the materials of personal correspondence of M. Ya. Syusyumov with other historians - V. T. Sirotenko and K. D. Petryaev. The authors believe that the Ural school of historians of international relations was formed not without the influence of the theory of continuity (historical succession) proposed by M. Ya. Syusyumov. There is a high prognostic potential of historical thinking of this authoritative medievalist, who gave a number of assessments of the modern historical process, as subsequent events confirmed his rightness. The authors of the article made an attempt to reveal the essence of “the phenomenon of I. N. Chempalov.” The process of scientific continuity and influence of the senior colleague on formation of I. N. Chempalov as a historian of international relations is covered.

Subject. The process of documentation permeates all stages of testing and allows you to collect the required number of auditing evidence of adequate quality to express a reasoned opinion on the outcome of the auditing. Purpose. This issue was thoroughly examined from the theoretical and practical positions of Russian and foreign authors, but basing on the analysis of international standards on auditing (ISA), the clarified definition of working documentation of the auditor is presented in the article, as well as the requirements for its structure, order, registration, grouping, and storing were systematized, for the purposes of internal and external quality control. Methodology. In accordance with ISA the key information was identified that must be contained in the auditing file at the pre-contractual stage, the stage of planning, gathering auditing evidence and forming conclusions on the results of the inspection, the necessity to group the current and permanent auditing files was justified. Results. The authors of this article analyzed the significant issues of the auditing and their reflection in the auditing documentation. The features of the formation of the auditing documentation in the validation of small farms were revealed. Conclusions. Methodological support of self-regulatory associations of auditors is required in the development of a unified approach to the formation of the working documentation that will assist in the improving of the quality of professional services; as well as streamlining the interaction of different auditing organizations in conducting joint projects, particularly in subcontracting; and it will also result in the reduction of claims from the external quality control for formal characteristics of the documentation.

The article focuses on describing the structure and functional characteristics ofthe Academic Writing Office of South Ural State University (National Research University), member of the project 5-100, which provides for increasing competitive ability of Russian universities in the global research and education market. The Office aims to improve the academicians and postgraduate students' writing skills in English and to support those authors wishing to publish their papers in high-ranking scientific journals indexed in scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science. The implementation of the goals of Academic Writing Office of South Ural State University (SUSU) is assured by the interaction of its administrative, consulting, translating and educational blocks supported by Office official site.

Bu makalenin konusu Osmanlı Devleti’nde 1845 yılında ihdas edilmiş olan damgalı kâğıt yani evrak-ı sahiha uygulamasıdır. Makale, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda evrak-ı sahiha uygulamasının tedavüldeki resmi evrakların tekelleşmesi şekli olduğunu savunmaktadır. Evrak-ı sahihanın neden ve nasıl ihdas edildiğini arşiv dokümanları ışığında incelemeye çalışacaktır. Bu noktada mali ihtiyacın nasıl kurum ihdasına yol açtığı betimlenecektir. Makale bu kurumun nasıl tekel karakteri kazandığını ve düşük gelirler nedeniyle 1882 yılında lağvedildiğini açıklamaya çabalayacaktır. Tanzimat dönemi bütçe açıkları Osmanlı mali bürokrasisini yeni gelir kaynakları bulmaya sevk etmiştir. Mali bürokrasi bütçe açıklarını kapatmak için tedavüldeki resmi evrakların yayım, satım ve hatta basımını tek elde toplamış, damgalı kâğıt kullanımını tebaa için zorunlu kılmıştır. İlk evrak-ı sahiha nizamnamesinin ilan edildiği 1861 yılından önceki kurumsallaşma sürecinde damgalı kâğıt gelirleri beklenilen seviyenin altında kalmıştır. Düşük seviyedeki gelirleri yükseltmek için 1861 evrak-ı sahiha nizamnamesi ilan edilmiştir. Fakat bu nizamnameden sonra da nakliye vasıtalarının yokluğu dolayısıyla taşrada evrak arzı talebi karşılayamamıştır. Bu durum da evrak-ı sahiha gelirlerinin dramatik bir şekilde düşüşüne neden olmuştur. Nihayetinde, evrak-ı sahiha tekeli 1882 yılında lağvedilmiştir. Sonuçta, bu makale evrak-ı sahiha tekelinin tedavüldeki adi kâğıdın yerine damgalı kağıt ikame etmede başarısız olduğunu ortaya koyacaktır.

The article focuses on the problem of preparing future teachers of primary school to conduct a special work aimed at harmonization of interethnic relations between pupils. The author suggests suitable topics for students’ research works. The author believes that this work should begin from the very beginning of children staying at school, and the teacher should be ready to work in the classes with ethnic diversity staff. While preparing research works on this topic students can look deeper into the problems of international relations, and also to change their own outlook. The article also discusses the difficulties that students and their supervisors may face while preparing research papers.

The article highlights the features of the University Electronic Information Environment, its organizational structure and its components, the law papers of all levels essential for its functioning and development. The main components of the Electronic Information Environment are electronic information resources, apparatus equipment, organizational component, action schedule (local acts), and educational technologies. The authors dwell on the role of the University Library in the University Electronic Information Environment. Today it is the centre of global informatization of educational and research processes.

Europe is making significant efforts to create a common space where not only common political institutions and values, but also common future is to be shaped. And it is young people who is selected to be the main policy object for building common European identity. To this end in recent years, the European Union has worked out the institutional mechanisms of its youth policy, has formed special agencies for its implementation, developed legal framework. The main document, which laid the conceptual basis of EU youth policy is the White Paper. The document determines the most challenging issues in youth policy that need to be resolved in the short and long term. The next major document - the European Youth Pact - has become a real legal act which came into force throughout the European Union. The most important document which determines the guidelines of the current EU youth policy is a strategy "Youth - Investing and Empowering." The strategy settles a key vector of European youth policy for all EU countries. All documents take into account the interests of the whole EU and not individual nation states that is why they influence young people at the supranational level. The European Union has developed a full-fledged system of management of youth policy on two levels: the supranational (pan-European) and national. Council of Europe and European Parliament are responsible for the implementation of youth policy at supranational level. Various national agencies are responsible for the implementation of certain EU youth programs at national level. The EU documents on the youth policy show that the youth is viewed by European politicians as one of the most politically important social groups in Europe. That is why youth policy is directed not only at youth development, but has to it a significant political component. A significant part of the youth policy is related to the involvement of young people in the democratic institutions, the involvement of young people in the EU governance.

In this paper I analyse caricatures of Hungarian and Yugoslav comic papers (Jež, Ludas Matyi, Új Szó, and Pesti Izé) between 1945 and 1947. I chose this source since the analysis of caricatures can demonstrate the functioning of communist propaganda. After the presentation of sources and goals of the paper, I analyse the depiction of war criminals, the perception of democracy and the Western states, and the representation of democrats and German enemies within the country in Hungary. Then I analyse the depiction of the self of the communists and finally, before the conclusions, the Peace Treaty of Paris in caricatures. The analysed propaganda caricatures documented well the views and propaganda methods of the Communist Parties regarding the above-mentioned topics.

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Copyright of Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy / Gumanìtarnij Vìsnik Zaporìzʹkoï Deržavnoï Inženernoï Akademìï is the property of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)