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This paper presents the main macroeconomic policy measures adopted by China in response to the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main argument of the paper is that it is not possible to understand the process of combating the pandemic and the measures for the recovery of the Chinese economy, without considering the institutional framework of State action and the conduct of macroeconomic policy. We conclude that the Chinese government's strategic performance presents good results in the recovery of economic activity, but it also paves the way for a favorable long-term development path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009 China has been Brazil's biggest trade partner, and its important ally. However, the nationalist right that won the 2018 elections has a critical perspective of the country. This paper maps the views on China held by the new Brazilian government, both in terms of the economic arguments (protectionism of industry, fear of Chinese control of infrastructure and natural resources) and political concerns (the desire for a diplomatic rapprochement with the United States and anticommunism hostility towards Beijing). The paper claims that these positions are important for foreign policy decision-making and that they complicate relations with China, but that is also necessary to take into account more moderate views from other groups in the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is intended to be a starting point for further study on the relationship between music, radio, and propaganda in China under Mao Zedong. As an attempt to present the role of radio as an instrument of ideological dissemination and incitement to the participation of the masses in productive work and political life - reflected in the prevalence of collective listening over individual listening - the paper suggests music as a complement to news content, either through the content of musical programs or through its inclusion in collective listening activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIC) between Brazil, the European Union and China, from 2006 to 2017. For this, we used the gravitational model of trade with panel data by Least Squares. Ordinary and by Poisson Pseudo-Maximun-Likelihood (PPML). Data were collected from Comex Stat, Worl Bank and CEPII sites. Regarding the results achieved, it was found that Brazilian intra-industry trade with the European Union and China is low and showed a decrease over the analyzed period. Regarding the determinants, it was found that the cost of trade negatively affects this trade, that is, the higher the trading costs between Brazil and its trading partners, the lower the IIC tends to be between them. On the other hand, the economic size, income similarity and degree of openness of the trading partner positively affect Brazil's IIC with the analyzed partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art analysis in the teaching of Portuguese language literatures in China and also on the discussion of a new methodological proposal for the literature class for Chinese learners of Portuguese as a foreign language (PLE). For this, the theoretical support will be on aesthetics of reception and aesthetics of effect, created by Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser. The specific objective will be to justify the importance of such theory as guidance for teachers to choose works, authors and teaching methods that may facilitate students' understanding, and stimulate more interactions between literary works and learners in order to contribute to the improvement of current practices in the literature class. Finally, this reflection is also necessary to make literature learning an experience that values aesthetics as a point of convergence related to cultural understanding, intercultural competence and linguistic competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broadening of liberal economic policies will trigger the democratization of China. This argument repeated in studies finds their expectations thwarted daily by news of the intensification of the power of the Communist Party of China over the society. The paper analyzes the determination of the national identity based on national humiliation as a strategy to disseminate the legitimacy of the Chinese political elite from a perception of nationalism as essential for maintaining the stability of the regime. It studies the formation of national identity, the constitution of groups within the political elite of China, and the elaboration of the Comprehensive National Power concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meetings of the Shanghai Five founded with the propouse of define borders between countries of Central Asia, China and Russia, before collapse of the USSR evaluated into Shanghai Cooperation Organization in June 2001. Today the organization consists of six members (China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and four observers (Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan and India). The paper will describe the history of organization, its goals and critically examine the changes introduced in geopolitics of Central Asia by the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Soviet Union's fall China and United States lost a dangerous foe in East Asia, and it changed enormously the balance of power in this region, transforming the multipolar distribution of power existing previously into a bipolar. In other words, since 1991 China and United states are the only great powers in East Asia. To improve its relative position in the balance of power, the Chinese government has invested substantially on modernizing its armed forces. The issue of this paper is the influence of the Chinese military modernization on regional balance of power, focusing especially in military inventories e its means of use (asymmetrical tactics of anti-access and area denial), mostly on maritime domain. It drives us to the central question of that research: what is the influence of Chinese military modernization on the distribution of power in East Asia. The method utilized is the case study – structured and focused comparison. The comparative has a synchronic approach, in other words are considered the values of variables in only one moment. One concludes that China's military modernization has changed substantially the balance of power in East Asia, favoring the Chinese position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change due to global warming will not only have negative effects. In the case of maritime trade, the risk arising from the increase in the average temperature of the planet has some opportunities already being analyzed by various states. One such opportunity relates to the potential use of sea routes through the Arctic, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implications for maritime trade, resulting from the reduction of the ice cover in the Arctic Ocean and to show which states are shaping the institutions and rules for use of this new opportunity. To achieve this goal, the text was divided into three sections. The first introduces the reader to the projections accessibility to navigation in the Arctic Ocean and the potential shipping routes that are revealed for the maritime trade. The second section of the paper examines how states with territory in the Arctic, as well as those with direct interests in the region, are articulating institutions for this purpose, notably the Arctic Council. The third and final section examines "how" and "why" China, a State exogenous to the Arctic, has managed to implement successful strategies in defense of their interests in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the National Defense Strategies of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in order to verify how the four countries evaluate the strategic landscape of this century, especially regarding the balance of power between the Great Powers, their immediate geographical surroundings and their relationship with the US. This work addresses specifically the similarities and differences among them and how these differences reflect in their respective defense policies. Among the four cases, the Brazilian one will be in especial focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to demonstrate that the motivations of China's engagement in Africa go beyond the exploitation of natural resources, revealing political interests of international insertion, external recognition of its status as an international power and participation in the definition of the rules governing the International Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the trail of Chinese culture in Cuban culture and literature, the paper discusses the Chinese presence in Cuban literature, a subject seldom covered by literary criticism, "The Trail of the... Dragon" is traced in this study from the XVII Century to the present, covering the work of such writers as Severo Sarduy, Ramón Meza, José Martí and José Lezama Lima, outstanding exponents of modernism in Cuban letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to: (i) describe the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games swimmer's ages and; (ii) compare ages according to swimmer's gender. It was analyzed 1101 inscriptions (588 men and 513 women) for all swimming events held at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games: 50 meters freestyle (L50), 100 meters freestyle (L100), 200 meters freestyle (L200), 400 meters freestyle (L400), 800 meters freestyle (L800, only women) 1500 meters freestyle (L1500, only men), 100 meters backstroke (C100), 200 meters backstroke (C200), 100 meters breaststroke (B100), 200 meters breaststroke (B200), 100 meters butterfly (M100), 200 meters butterfly (M200). The final result lists was consulted at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games official internet site, collecting the swimmer's name and chronological age for each event. Afterwards, chronological age was converted into decimal age at the day of the event heats. From the quartile analysis became clear that there was a tendency for the age median and variance to decrease from the shorter to the longest events for both genders. There were significant variations in the age, according to gender at the L400 ( p = .01), L1500/L800 ( p = .02), C100 ( p < .01), C200 ( p < .01), B100 ( p = .02), B200 ( p = .04), M100 ( p = .05) and M200 ( p < .01). For all these events, decimal age was higher for men than for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a general analysis of the relations among United States and Latin America considering issues such as the questioning of the US centrality globally and in the hemisphere, Brazil's policies to the region and the impact of the growing relations with China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international expatriate adjustment would be major factor in the development of the company's international activities and is defined by Ali (2003) as the comfort level of the worker in the host country. Realizing the importance of expatriate's adjustment in the international business, this paper aims to assess how the international Brazilians expatriates process occurred in china and Spain, considering the two levels of analyze proposed in the black, Mendenhall e Oddou ( 1991) model: anticipated adjustment( before moving to abroad) and adjustment in the host country.the methodology used was an qualitative exploratory research with ten Brazilian expatriates: five individuals assigned to work in Spain, and the others five to assigned to work in China. Among the mains findings, perceived to lack of preparation prior to expatriation by the People Management team and found that the difference adversely affects the mental adjustment, but the challenges and grasping the global mindset of the executive appease this factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign direct investment flow, competitiveness and technological structure of foreign trade in China in the beginning of the 21st century. China's government introduced open market reforms in 1979, mediated by industrial policies improving the ability of attracting higher quality FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), which helped China's economy developing its technological capabilities. As a result, China's share in international trade rose impressively becoming third-largest trading nation in the world, by 2004, also its export structure is significantly more sophisticated. Facing the importance of understanding the determinants of developing word specialization patterns, this paper focuses on the competitiveness and technological structure of exports and imports by China for 1994-1998 and 2001-2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the debate about the nature of the human mind is taking new directions through the development of several studies in the field of neuroscience which investigates the location of brain functions. These studies have contributed to a better understanding of the neural substrates of mental functions and the etiology of various mental disorders. However, the knowledge developed by neuroscience did not occur abruptly. Indeed, the study of mind-brain relationship is not new. From pre-history to the present days, various different types of inquiries have been made about the possible materiality and location of human mental functions. This paper presents, in a historic manner, how prehistoric populations as well as early civilizations located in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China developed and employed concepts related to the soul, the mind and the human brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China: stability and economic growth. China experienced an extraordinary economic growth since 1978, while keeping inflation low. Which are the main determinants for this performance and to what point has macroeconomic policy been responsible? Obviously, many factors have been important although none of them may be appointed as the sole determinant. The paper also argues whether China would be able to keep this pace of growth or will slow down, like many other Asian countries. It is argued that China will maintain her average rate of growth in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th is paper presents an overview of patenting activities carried out by Brazilian public universities. Th e analysis is based on data and information collected directly at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), at the Technology Transfer Offi ce (TTO) at each university studied, as well as at the Lattes Database from the National Research Council (CNPq). Th e main results show a signifi cant increase in the number of patents fi led by Brazilian universities in the most recent period; a geographical concentration of academic patents in the South-eastern region, mainly in the São Paulo State; the leadership of FAPESP as the main coassignee; the diff erent licensing strategies adopted by universities and the high level of academic maturity of the inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze China's quest for energetic security and USA reaction, as well as its consequences for the international politics. The central debate is the Chinese ascension depend of external energetic supply that, consequently, unveiling the growing disputes with the USA in a scenario of international reorganization of forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine China's role in Brazilian foreign trade. Its main argument lies in the fact that China has become Brazil's biggest trading partner, a situation that accounts for more than a simple shift of hierarchy, but represents a transformation in their bilateral relations and in the very international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]