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The future power system, with the unprecedented penetration of renewable energy resources, will be faced with many uncertainties which may lead to problems in grid operation. Consequently, the uncertainty assessment of system performance is essential. Hence, the conventional power flow methods, given the constraints of the electricity and gas networks, may not be suitable for distribution networks such as the multi-carrier microgrids. This paper presents an effective method for optimizing the simultaneous utilization of different energy infrastructures in an environment with different uncertainties considering the constraints of the network. The aim is to study the effect of uncertainties on the optimal operation management of an interconnected microgrids. The fluctuation behavior of loads, renewable resources, and electricity price has been investigated in the proposed model based on probabilistic power flow technique. The results of the system are extracted as random variables, which are depicted in probabilistic and cumulative distribution forms. In this study, the multi-carrier microgrids not only exchange energy with the main grid, but also, energy interchange among the microgrids is possible. Simulations are presented, applying the procedure to an illustrative system of three interconnected MCMGs, and the results justify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalogram signals (EEGs) show the electrical activity of brain neurons. EEG is a non-invasive method that can be used to detect abnormal brain activities. Seizure is one of these abnormal activities and is the most common manifestation of epilepsy. Spikes are the most important characteristic of the seizure prone EEG signals. By detecting spikes, it is possible to detect epileptic seizures from EEG signals. EEG signals are non-stationary signals, so the wavelet transform that has appropriate time and frequency resolution can be a good option for extracting features of EEG signals. In this paper, after the extraction process using wavelet transform, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to classify healthy and epileptic signals. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is also used as a novel approach to select weights and biases of network to improve network performance. The results of the implementation of the proposed algorithm have a 96.2% accuracy, which shows acceptable performance compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter is presented. In the input stage of this structure, a buck converter is used to correct the power factor. So, the voltage stress of bulk capacitor reduced, and one of the main problems in the single stage PFC converters is solved. Moreover, by employing a compensator circuit, the input current dead angle which is the main drawback of the existing buck type PFCs is obviated, thus the total harmonic distortion is very low. In converters with buck PFC, input current dead angle results in high THD. In the proposed converter, using an inductor coupled with the main transformer, this problem is solved. A part of input power is transmitted directly to the output that helps to improve efficiency. The proposed converter is analyzed and the validity of the proposed solution is proven in the form of theoretical analysis, simulation and practical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new integrated mathematical model of the production planning and dynamic cellular manufacturing system (DCMS) wherein the product mix and/or volume is different from one period to another has been developed. So far, literature review indicates that the key role of Material Handling Equipment (MHE) has not been considered in the developed model, while ignoring such role will lead to wrong results. In other words, ignoring characteristics such as MHE capacity and inter and intra-cell movement times cannot be justifiable especially in shops in which, the movement times for parts are considerable compared to their processing times. The proposed model covers concepts such as inter/intra-cell movement, reconfiguration, subcontracting, inventory and backorder, lead time for subcontracted parts, optimal lot sizing in each period, number of inter/intracell MHE assigned to manufacturing system, number of MHE purchased and sold in each period and price of purchasing/selling for each inter/intra-cell MHE. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis have been used to verify the proposed mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive performance evaluation model with emphasis on service performance metrics in the service-product supply chain rather than the production supply chain in the home appliance industry and using neural-fuzzy networks for performance evaluation. The present study is typically a descriptive-exploratory research with survey approach in which, data analysis has been conducted using quantitative method and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 58 home appliance companies has been selected and Smart-PLS, SPSS and Matlab software have been used for data analysis. Findings indicated 10 main constructs and 29 performance criteria obtained for evaluating the performance of service supply chain and fuzzy neural networks of several home appliance companies. Introduction: Based on predictions, services are a key component of the growth of the global economy in future (Arnold et al. 2011). Acording to Jane and Kumar (2012), services play a critical role in a supply chain. Also, according to Wang et al. (2015), a "product" or "service" must exist in each supply chain which is produced by the upstream sectors and delivered to downstream. Recently due to increasing customer expectations, companies’ competition has been replaced by the supply chains competition and as a result, competition has been increased in the simultaneous supply of products and services. This has led to challenges in integrating companies and in coordinating the materials, information and financial flow that were previously overlooked. Accordingly, a new managerial philosophy has been developed known as Product-Service Supply Chain (PSSC) (Stanley & Wisner, 2002). This study seeks to develop a performance evaluation model for the product-service supply chain in the home appliance industry, which is finally solved using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Design/Approach: In this paper, performance evaluation constructs and criteria of service supply chain are identified by reviewing the literature and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and then, the performance evaluation of service supply chains in Iran's home appliance industry has been performed using these constructs, criteria and ANFIS. Findings and Discussion: Based on the findings, ten main extracted constructs can be suggested for the performance evaluation of the supply chain. They include "Operational Performance (OP)", "Strategic Performance (SP)", "Financial Performance (FP)", "Performance of Information and Communication Technology (PICT)", “Return Performance” (REP), “Risk Performance (RIP)”, “Logistic Performance (LP)”, “Market Performance (MP)”, “Internal Structure Performance (PIS)” and “Growth and Innovation Performance (PGI)”, among which, the Strategic Performance (SP) and Return Performance (REP) are the most important and the least important constructs, respectively. Conclusions Based on the findings, the following practical recommendations are suggested to the companies:  Enhancing the demand forecasts performance and utilizing more appropriate methods and software to improve forecasts in demand and order management areas.  Improving the return management status by increased attention and more investment in return management processes.  Effective investment in service development management to enhance the R&D services performance.  Utilizing risk management approaches and methods to identify and take preventive actions on the risks in the companies’ service supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk Adjusted Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control charts are powerful statistical tools for early detection making of process changes. Unlike other industries, healthcare systems are of a wide range of variability and different levels of inputs. However, since variability in the output of healthcare process may result from different factors including environmental factors, doctor’s performance, or patient specifications; therefore, considering multiple outcomes facilitates and increases precision of the process control. Accordingly, in this paper, risk-adjusted CUSUM control chart with multiple outcomes is applied to monitor kidney transplantation surgery. It is assumed that transplantation surgery might result in full recovery of the patient, rejection of the organ, or aftersurgery complications. Finally, the annual report of kidney transplant surgery in the U.K has been used to monitor 1779 surgeries between 2010 and 2011, and the associated CUSUM control charts have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic needs of human is spirituality. Spirituality is the inner connection of man with God, which affects various aspects of life. One of the dimensions of the subject of spirituality is its relation to other concepts, including religion, ethics, mysticism, and concepts of this kind. One of the concepts that discusses its relation to spirituality is the concept of theology. The meaning of theology is the systematic explanation of God and the relationship of God with the world and the same system of belief. One of the Christian theologians who deals with spirituality and theology, is McGrath, a professor of theology at the University of Oxford. In the field of Islam, Martyr Motahhari also deals with the relationship of spirituality with beliefs. He is an influential scholar of contemporary religious thought in the Muslim world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the views of these two thinkers on the relationship between spirituality and theology with a comparative and descriptive-analytic approach based on their work. Although both thinkers have lived in two religious traditions and periods of time, both of them have been bound up with their religion. Both were concerned with the comprehensive, accurate, and systematic expression of religious doctrines. Both sought to strengthen the religiosity of humans in achieving prosperity and salvation. Both have focused on the issues and concerns of the society of their time. Therefore, their views are comparable. Considering the importance of spirituality in the contemporary world, the necessity of dialogue among religious followers in today's world, the importance and capacity of the topic of spirituality as a common topic for dialogue and the place of comparative studies in order to better understand the topic, the necessity of this research is determined. From McGrath’s point of view, spirituality has a strong link with theology. In his view, spirituality is based on knowledge and, of course, is also a component of feeling, tendency and personal experience. The other component of spirituality is action and behavior based on personal beliefs and experiences of God. In his view, Christian spirituality should not be ignored of social conditions. Spirituality from the perspective of Martyr Motahhari is a comprehensive concept that is the result of all the teachings of Islam. Spirituality is based on true faith that embraces all aspects of human life. Martyr Motahhari believes that faith has two basic components of knowledge and tendency. In other words, he believes in epistemic and emotional aspects of faith. In his view, true faith is meaningful with these two components, and the lack of each one leads to flawed faith. He not only believes in faith based on knowledge, but also believes in knowledge as a necessary part of faith and as its components. From the point of view of both thinkers, spirituality is an important element in religion. Both emphasize religious spirituality based on religious teachings and beliefs. Spirituality should be theocentric and based on the holt text. Both emphasize the comprehensiveness of spirituality. Both believe in the relationship between spirituality and beliefs and the foundation of beliefs for spirituality. They do not regard spirituality and faith, apart from knowledge and belief, as well as action and social life. The existence of similarities indicates the importance of the spirituality and spiritual needs of human, the necessity of religious spirituality and the attention to the theological foundations of spirituality. Despite these similarities, there are some differences. Although McGrath insists beliefs must be firm, some Christian beliefs are not. For example, the doctrine of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus is a belief in the opposite of reason. Also, the revelation and infallibility of the text of the Quran, as the sacred text of the Muslims and the source of spirituality, can be proved on the basis of rational and religious reasons. But this is not true for the Bible and there is no valid rational or historic reason for the heavenly nature of the whole Bible. The New Testament is a collection of records of some of the apostles. In addition, during the Biblical historical critique, it has been proven that some of its books do not belong to their authors. Regarding the Old Testament, in addition to the Quranic reasons, there are several reasons in the Biblical historical critique that shows that the Old Testament, especially Torah, has been altered and distorted. It seems that the differences are due to differences in the worldview of two thinkers, most of which are due to the religious tradition that they belong to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship is one of the most important social issues that has had various interpretations in humanities so far. These rights are sometimes interpreted as civil and political rights, sometimes human rights, and in some cases, social rights, as various humanities scholars have attempted to interpret these rights, each with their viewpoints and theories. Each of these theories has examined different aspects of citizenship law. This paper examines theoretically and empirically some of the social and cultural barriers to the practice of citizenship law in criminal law, including clerks, prosecutors, and court judges. Theoretical themes of this research are based on a set of views on citizenship law (TC Marshall Social Theory of Citizenship), social factors (labeling, pressure, ecological and relative deprivation theories) and cultural factors (cultural latency theories, cultural dissemination, and capital). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1- Introduction Exposure to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 μm (PM10) has negative effects on human health and may induce respiratory problems, cardiovascular and lung diseases, and additional health problems. Both short-term and long-term exposures to PM10 have been linked to increased morbidity. The measurement of ground-level PM 10 concentration on a regular basis is therefore of great importance to epidemiological studies it also provides valuable information for an effective management and forecasting of air quality. Air quality monitoring networks have been established in many industrialized countries to take measurement of pollutant concentrations at different locations, on a daily or hourly basis. 2-Methodology Anumber of data fromvarious sourceswere collected for this research, including the historical air quality data sets, MODIS aerosol imagery, and ground-based meteorological measurements. In this work, a semi-empirical model is coupled with the Genetic Algorithms (GA) to enhance the estimation of the particulate matter concentration in a local scale and at the satellite passing time. For this, the corrected values of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from MODIS images are used. Hence the AODs were corrected for the effects of air humidity and the air mixing height. In semi-empirical method, using genetic algorithm, few weather data were introduced to the model and their effects were considered. Temperature and humidity caused improvement in assessment of PM concentration. 3â Discussion Finally the method was evaluated for Tehran where an acceptable correlation of R2=0. 51 with RMSE of 28 was achieved. However, in the procedure of AOD correction, limitations such as insufficient number of ground-based weather stations and approximate determination of the air mixing height may cause some uncertainties in the proposed method. 4â Conclusion This paper has proposed an effective semi-empirical model for the prediction of ground-level PM10 concentration (GL-[PM10]). Remotely sensed MODIS AOD, and ground-based measurements of surface temperature and surface relative humidity have been found to be highly significant in the prediction. Although MODIS extracted AOD may contain valuable information about particulate matter but this parameter is highly affected by the atmospheric conditions where usually it is hard to acquire the weather data during many satellite overpasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book of Tareb Al-Mujales by Mir Hosseini Heravi is a moral and educational work related to the seventh century. This book was first corrected in 1352 AH by Seyed Alireza Mojtahedzadeh, a professor at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, using a written version in the library of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. This attempt and correction is worthy of mentioning. The corrections are defective and incomplete for various reasons, such as shortcomings of the basic and duplicate versions of the book, footnotes and the existence of many spelling mistakes that are found in the book, the defects of the content and the end of the book, such as insertion of incomplete footnotes and inscriptions and inadequate indexes, and generally non-observance of the methods of scientific and critical correction. Due to the importance of this work and its author, this book has to be corrected once again and its defects should be resolved. The present paper reviews the correction of Mojtahedzadeh using the written version of number 20667 in the library of Ferdowsi University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shahrasp is a name that is proved in the most of printed, corrected versions of Shahnameh for the minister of Tahmureth. According to Ferdowsi's narration, he is a pious who practiced praying and fasting. Tahmureth was guided by Shahrasp to gain such refinement so that he could impress the Ahriman and make him his horse. There is no mention of a minister with such a base in the Avesta and the middle ages. In the modern Iranian era, the prevailing form of the name of this person, regardless of whether being the minister of Tahmureth or not, is in keeping with the piousness of the piety, in a proper way and in a form with it. Therefore, it can be said that Shahrasp’s name in Shahnameh is adventitious for him while piously descriptions are essential for him. In this paper, we aimed at describing the originality of piously descriptions for him according to mythical critiques and archetype so that Shahrasp and Tahmureth personalities in Shahnameh are components of a single and older mythological personalities that, in stages of dissociation, have appeared in two incarnations of the king and priest. Then, according to piously descriptions of Shahrasp form of his name in the new Iranian texts and the form of this name in the Sanskrit language, his name should be Budasb that is a level of piousness and Shahrasp is created from reading Budasb dictation without point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is one of the most important stages in the mystical conduct. At this stage, the seeker reaches the absolute God that is the purpose of the mystics, through the rejection of material attachment and the declaration of pure necessity. Along with the truth of poverty, the pattern of poverty is also influenced by the Holy Qur'an and narratives, and because of the importance of guiding man and avoiding deviations, it has repeatedly been discussed the words of Mashayekh and the mystical texts, which indicates the importance of this issue in conduct and the achievement of God's door. The author, in a descriptive-analytical method based on mystical prose texts until the seventh century, in this paper, answers the question that what do they think according to mystical prose texts until the seventh century and the words of Mashayekh and writers of mystical texts about worldly poverty? And what is their opinion about the superiority of poverty on the wealth or preference of wealth on poverty during the journey to reach Allah? These questions are proposed to prove that, according to the sources of revelation and the words of the Mashayekh and the mystical texts, along with the emphasis on the importance of mystical poverty and attention to the worldly poverty and the benefits of it and its conditions is necessary for conduct. The words of the Mashayekh and mystical texts and the diversity of views confirms this worldly poverty. Also, attention to the duality of the concept of worldly poverty of the mystical texts and the importance of both of concepts in the mystical conduct, leads to a more correct understanding of the term poverty in these texts and views of the Mashayekh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description is a kind of tool for highlighting in the literary text and stimulating the emotions of audience. From the onset of Persian poetry until now, poets have used this important element in all poetic forms and narrative poems. Narration is a way of presenting events or occurrences, and it has been examined in the narrative analysis of factors involved in narration, that is, the time and components of narration. This paper analyzed the functions of description in the narration, in the Yusuf and Zulaikha poem of Jami. For this purpose, descriptions that are used in this poem are determined first, and then during the next stage, the function of these descriptions in Yusuf and Zulaikha poem of Jami are considered and analyzed with the emphasis on the Tomaszewski and Genette’s approach. Jami’s Yusuf and Zulaikha poem is a narrative text in which two main structures of narrative and descriptiveness are recognizable. The narrative consists of two dimensions, the time of story and the time of speech, but the description is only consists of speech dimension. Descriptions that had been used in this poem are placed in the free and static categories and from this point, the function of description with respect to the narrative text dimension is to create a negative momentum in narrative. On the other hand, every narration has its own components. It is a tool for developing and highlighting these components, and from this perspective, it has the function of characterization and spatialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement: Nowadays, phrases such as fast paced world, rapid environmental changes, fast transportation, and so on, are much heard. In the era of acceleration, humans are advised not to get lagged from the speed convoy. Accordingly, a new paradigm, called slow-city, is emerging. Slow- Cities movement was created in 1986, as a cultural movement to enhance the quality of life and reducing speed in urban areas. The movement initially began with the idea of cooking slow foods, against fast food, also protesting against McDonald's food chain, then gradually developed. Purpose: Esfahan with a history of Sustainable urbanization; is moving towards being a fast-city in the current age. Disorderliness in traditional quarters, car-basedness, creating broad highways, Unplanned density-selling, a lot of fastfood shops, lack of attention to greenways, etc., encourage people to join this acceleration. One of the objectives of this research is the analysis of slow-city indicators in Isfahan; and this assessment for Isfahan, with a chronic acceleration, can be considered as an effective solution in slow and enjoyable urban development. Methodology: This paper is based on the slow-city indicing, which benefiting from the combination of objective and subjective indices from different sources, first fulfills the process of codification and domesticitation of indices; then, analyzes about 50 slowing indicators in Isfahan's 15 regions, through combining objective methods (data collection based in the objective indices and standards), and fieldquestionnaire methods, using elites' opinions. Results: results showed that regions 3, 5 and 10 had the highest rank in terms of slow-city indicators, and the second rank included regions 6, 1, and 15. The worst situation was for regions 8, 13 and 9, having lowest scores in this ranking. Innovation: Due to the less attention having been paid in Iran and especially in Isfahan to the slowcity indicators, this research is considered innovative in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem definition: Nowadays, most of the city's public spaces and streets, are being heavily dominated by the machines, due to the irregular increases in the vehicles' number, and living pattern's dependency on it. This issue has made a lot of problems in the civil matters, including increasing the ecological pollution, decreasing the public health, increasing the maintenance and repairing costs etc. For this reason, these days, walkability plans are considered as a solution for decreasing these problems. Imam Khomeini Street, located in Dezfoul city, is one of the main streets of the city, in which the riders and pedestrians' traffic is very high, causing several traffic problems in this part of the city Purpose: The purpose of this research is to check the possibility of implementing a walkability plan, around the central tissue of Dezful city, in terms of transportation and accessability dimensions. Methodology: The research method is descriptive–analytical, the data having been collected through the researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, we benefited from single-sample T-test in SPSS software, also the structural equations modeling method, using Amos software. Results: in evaluating the plan's administration, in transportation dimension, according to data obtained from the T-test, the Significance level were under 0.05. For this reason, in transporting aspect, this plan is not appropriate to be executed, because its execution, causes problems in transportation. Innovetion: This paper compares two societies, using structural models, causing the possibility to modify the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book Review, which is a form of literary criticism that evaluates a book based on the content, methodology, and goodness and badness of it. Usually, book reviews are according to the critic's opinion. In most cases, a review is based on the critical analysis of critics. The critics may consider the effects of different factors such as the reputation and credibility of the author, thematic analysis of writing, text, method of processing, reliability and value of the references, approaches, and methods of writing chapters, validity and invalidity of meanings, universality of the text and so on. The authors of this paper have criticized and analyzed the books that have explained Saeb's poetries. Because of the efforts of poets in the Indian style, that Saeb is the best representative of it, for finding new ideas and different contents and crating relationships between tangible and intangible phenomena, this style is a complex one. Hence, his poetry needs to be analyzed and explained accurately. For this need, several authors have written some books and have tried to analyze and explain his poetries. In this paper, we have analyzed and criticized these books regarding the validity of authors' thematic analysis of writing, text, method of processing, reliability and value of the references, approaches, methods of writing chapters, validity and invalidity of meanings, universality of the text and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplier selection in supply chain as a multi-criteria decision making problem (containing both qualitative and quantitative criteria) is one of the main factors in a successful supply chain. To this purpose, Toloo and Nalchigar (2011) proposed an integrated data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to find the most efficient (best) supplier by considering imprecise data. In this paper, it will be shown that their model randomly selects an efficient supplier as the most efficient and therefore their model cannot find the most efficient supplier correctly. We also explain some other problems in this model and propose a modified model to resolve the drawbacks. The proposed model in this paper finds the most efficient supplier considering imprecise data by solving only one mixed integer linear programming. In addition, a new algorithm is proposed for determining and ranking other efficient suppliers. Afficiency of the proposed approach is explained by considering imprecise data for 18 suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an integrated approach of MADM and fault tree analysis (FTA) is provided for determining the most reliable combination of suppliers for a strategic product in IUT University. At first, risks of suppliers is estimated by defining the indices for evaluating them, determining their relative status indices and using satisfying and SAW methods. Then, intrinsic risks of utilized equipments in the products are qualified and the final integrated risk for equipments is determined. Finally, through all the different scenarios, the best composition of equipment suppliers is selected by defining the palpable top events and fault tree analysis. The contribution of this paper is about proposing an integrated method of MADM and FTA to determine the most reliable suppliers in order to minimize the final risk of providing a product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, in order to fault locate in the transmission network, a discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the fault characteristics from the zero sequence current, in order to train the artificial neural network. Initially, Fortescue transform, the zerosequence current seen from both terminals is calculated. By the wavelet transform of the high-frequency information stored in the horizontal component of zero-sequence current from both terminals, and finally by calculating the stored energy in the horizontal components, as well as extracting the maximum scale of horizontal component, we can identify certain features of fault that are suitable for training the neural network. The simulation results show that the horizontal components maximum scale as well as the energy stored in these components strongly depend on the fault resistance, type of fault and fault location. Therefore, educational data should be selected to make these changes well so that the neural network does not suffer from its diagnosis. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on the test grid whose results show the performance of the method with overall accuracy of 98.6% and maximum estimation error of 0.1666%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the price signal in the electricity market is highly volatile or otherwise uncertain, short-term forecasting is significantly affected. Since time-series methods cannot estimate such nonlinear models appropriately with high accuracy, we need to provide an efficient model. For this reason, in this paper, a new hybrid algorithm for day-ahead electricity price forecasting is proposed. In order to achieve this model, we first divide the forecasting problem into three main layers: preprocessor, training, and regulator. In the first layer, we use the curvelet transform to reduce possible noise in the price signal. Then, using the extended data selection model based on increasing correlation and decreasing redundancy, we eliminate the unnecessary data and reduce the volume of computation significantly. Then the regularized data is entered into the learning layer which is a developed Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to obtain and extract the best pattern from the input data. Since adjusting the control parameters of the proposed ELM can maximize its ability to derive a nonlinear pattern from the price signal, a new developed Virus Colony Search (VCS) method based on the time-varying coefficients theory is proposed in the last layer. The proposed algorithm is a novel optimization method based on the function of viruses to destroy host cells and penetrate the best ones into a cell for replication. The proposed method is applied to existing real electricity markets and the results are compared based on prediction error rates and error-based criteria. The obtained results show the appropriate and acceptable performance of the proposed forecasting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the Penetration of renewable energies into power system, the influence of uncertainties in solving various problems in the field of power system operation has increased. One of the most important concepts in this field is optimal power flow, which, with the presence of uncertainties, cannot be modeled by definite methods, and should be revised based on applying the probabilistic approaches. In this paper, numerical methods including the Monte Carlo Simulation method and analytical methods including point estimation methods, internal point method and unscented transformation method are used to solve the POPF in an IEEE-118 bus system. The obtained results indicate that the methods based on point estimation are able to find the optimal points in less computational time than other techniques. This is mainly due to the limited points, which these methods need as the starting points. From another perspective, the magnitude changes in the voltage profile of the generation units are also more stable in the internal point method. Furthermore, in terms of the convergence rate, the internal point method is much faster than the Monte Carlo Simulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to present an adaptive-neural controller for strictfeedback nonlinear systems with unknown time delays and in the presence of external disturbances and actuator failure. The proposed adaptive-neural controller is constructed based on DSC design technique. Radial Basis Functions (RBF) networks are utilized to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. Adaptive rules are obtained based on Lyapunov design for updating the parameters of neural networks. Disturbances are unknown functions which their bounds are partially known. Therefore, continuous robust terms are applied in order to minimize their effects. Furthermore, due to the existence of unknown time delays in the system, Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals are utilized in the process of designing the controller and proofing the stability of the system. In addition, the controller is designed so that it can compensate its effect if the considered actuator failure happens. For the designed controller, the boundedness of all the closed-loop signals is guaranteed and the tracking error is proved to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a risk-constrained two-stage stochastic model is proposed for optimal scheduling of autonomous microgrids considering the participation of end-use customers in demand response programs. The goal of the proposed scheme is to maximize the profit of the microgrid operator in different conditions of the user's risk taking, so that customers pay the lowest cost for their energy consumption. Based on the proposed model, customers are able to provide part of the system's reserve capacity to deal with uncertainties by using smart and response loads capability. The uncertainties of the problem are due to the predicted error of renewable resources, energy prices and demand loads, modeled on scenario-based methods. In the proposed model, in order to deal with the effects of undesirable scenarios, an index for assessing the value of risk is employed to estimate the level of undesirable profits. In addition, in order to more accurately analyze the frequency and voltage limitations, an AC load flow is used in the problem-solving process that achieves more realistic result to the microgrid operation. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in a typical microgrid and the results are investigated in different cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flight control system is a unit of the air defense and missile system that takes commands prescribed by the guideline law and operates due to the operators embedded in the system. Missile physical system includes nonlinear aerodynamic coefficients and other physical dependent variables, so accurate identification of them is difficult. This issue makes deference between real and mathematic model of missile equations of motion and causes designed linear controller performance degradation. In this paper, inverse dynamic approach is used for uncertainty identifying and mathematic modeling of missile defense system. Then, this model is used for optimizing and controlling the flight of a missile with nonlinear 6 DOF (Degrees of freedom) equations of motion. Thus, the designed controller is a nonlinear fuzzy-adaptive controller which has high adaption and robustness against the parametric changes during missile's flight. Using the invers dynamic method for modeling motion equations of missile defense is the innovation of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endophytes are microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of plants without causing obvious symptoms. This study was conducted to isolate and identify endophytic fungi of the cowpea in Khuzestan province. Materials and methods: During 2016, eight healthy samples of the cowpea plants were collected from the important areas under cultivation in the northern Khuzestan province. The small parts of the roots, stems, leaves and pods were deeply surface sterilized for each samples and plated on Potato-Dextrose-Agar. Sixty fungal isolates obtained in this study were purified by single spore method. Based on morphological characteristics, 21 out of 60 isolates were selected for molecular study. The isolates were grown in Potato-Dextrose-Broth and mycelial biomass was recovered by passing through filter paper. DNA extraction was performed using a phenol- and chloroform- based organic method. The parts of the nrRNA gene (ITS and 28SD1/ D2 regions) were amplified using appropriate primer pair and then sequenced. Results: The isolates were analyzed on the basis of morphological characteristics in combination with BlASTn search algorithm and ITS sequence-based phylogeny. Accordingly, the isolates were identified as follows: Alternaria destruens, Alternaria sp., Curvularia mosaddeghii, Curvularia sp., Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. nygamai, F. falciforme, F. proliferatum, Fusarium sp. Macrophomina phaseolina and Penicillium oxalicum. Discussion and conclusion: Alternaria, Fusarium and Curvularia genera were the most abundant fungal endophytes into cowpea plants, growing in warm climate of the Khuzestan Province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report endophytic growth of A. destruens, Alternaria sp., M. phaseolina, F. chlamydosporum, F. nygamai, F. falciforme, F. proliferatum and P. oxalicum within cowpea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the direct and written titled sources are not the only resources of history. According to some historian-philosophers such as Collingwood, any object can be regarded as an inspirational source for a historian; he asserts that the historian’s job is to read, interpret, explain and translate the documentation from written works or anything left over from a historical period. In Collingwood’s opinion, a piece of clay can inform the historian as much as a reference book of history, or sometimes even more (Collingwood, 2012: 17). From this point of view, chronogram is of foremost benefit in historical calculations and arguments. Apparently, it has always been literally important, though it has been mentioned only in literary technique topics. Furthermore, other literary elements can also in some ways be the source of historical deduction. For instance, in the literary theories of the last decade, the term "narrative" refers not only to fiction and imaginative literature but also to non-fiction narrative texts. From this perspective, Freud's case studies (his detailed reports of his patients and their treatment process) fall into the “narrative” category. Hence, history is not a solid, rigid, and invariant category, so that every historian would record it exactly like others (Payandeh, 2013: 494 -495). Therefore, chronogram can also be used historically and historiographically. In other words, at least in some authentic chronograms, there is another thing that contributes to the puzzle of the historical research of that time. Of course this is not simply possible. Chronogram is inherently a kind of coded literature, and this tendency has been intensified in some historical periods. But, it must first be understood correctly and its variations should be recognized and sometimes it needs to be decoded. Accordingly, one of the options that can help this debate is the code switching theory. Code switching is a sociolinguistic phenomenon which has been defined as the use of more than one languages, dialects or linguistic varieties that a speaker speaks during a conversation or presentation of a work, and its form of application is dependent on such factors as the identity of the audience, the subject matter, and the situation in which the speech flows (crystal, 1992: 69). Nevertheless, this is itself related to the theory of communication which is proposed by some of the later scholars in formalism, such as Roman Jacobson in the Moscow linguistic society, known as Moscow Linguistic Circle, founded in 1915. Having mastery of numerous other schools of structuralism, and considering his various trips to Prague, Sweden and the United States, and the development of his point of view, Jacobson presented his most important views on identifying the communicative components and their real and virtual applications. Accordingly, in any verbal communication the addresser sends a message to the addressee. This message implies a context or a reference, and is understood by a code. In the final stage, this code requires the contact or the material space of communication and the context in which the message is transmitted. Each of these six parts can be the dominant part in communication (see Eagleton, 2011: 135; Tadih, 2011:47; Bateni, 1975: 21-120; and Makarik, 2009:176). In its nine-hundred background, the chronogram has come to be such that, in particular, since Safavid, there is a need for in-depth research for decoding and recognizing the context and reference, and this can be effective in this regard. This is at least true for many instances of authentic and professional chronograms of this period, and can be the subject matter of further research. The present article aims to first provide an accurate, comprehensive and complete definition of it. This is not possible without reviewing and criticizing the existing definitions. Hence, a short but transient review of the historical course of this technique will be carried out; afterwards, by switching the code of some examples of it during the past few decades, another dimension of these chronograms is depicted which is used in historical and social studies. It should be noted that, in this paper, all of the old evidence is roughly the same as the old one, so that the calculations do not go wrong. An overview of the nature of chronogram and its development until becoming a complex and mysterious form in the tenth century, the diverse historical Safavid uses of it and its code-switching are the main issues of this research. In scientific research on chronogram, Nakhjavani (1924), in his extensive essay on chronograms, and Sadri (1999), in his works, To Catch a Glimpse Into Persian Poetry and the Encyclopedia Of Mysterious Expressions, and Khalesi Shirazi (2006), as well as Dabir Siaghi (2011) have not addressed the historical role of chronogram, although being the only detailed works that have been presented. Also the works of Sahab (1947), Rezvani (1962) and Mohit Tabatabai (1962) have mainly dealt with the evolution of the chronogram forms. Anyhow, chronogram is one of the literary techniques created for various reasons, including the preservation of numbers, codification, etc., and has strangely developed in its historical course. The greatest evolution of this technique happened since the Safavid period; this dynasty and such sects as Noghtaviyeh and Horufiyeh, the subsequent dynasties, and later Babiyeh used chronogram to prove their legitimacy and justify their historical manipulations. Safavids, due to the obvious manipulations and changes in the documents of descent and religion, needed some proofs to prove their legitimacy and, therefore, using special tables, made great efforts to symmetrize the historical events with sacred words, and they succeeded. However, the opposition has also made such efforts hidden. In the period of Afshar and the accession of Nadir Shah and Qajar dynasty, this technique had also been utilized for “begging the question”. In some of these chronograms, there is an ambiguity that can be understood by code-switching. Some of the evidences and examples of this research have been extracted from the primary sources of Safavid era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, fourteen years after the glorious Islamic Revolution and the growth of the Islamic Revolution poem, until now, this kind of poetry has not been studied scientifically and the studies have been more semantic and content-oriented; However, this research has tried to dwell on the structure of the language of the Islamic Revolution poetry and how to link the poetry templates on the subject of the Islamic Revolution. The method of this research is library and documentary, and then the data are presented descriptively-analytically. The result of the research shows that the axes such as freshness of language, compositional movement, novelty in rhymes and rows, the use of specific interpretations and images of the revolution and sacred defense, and the vocabulary of speech, constitute the prominence of the language of revolutionary poetry. By examining the various forms of the poem of the revolution, it is clear that the mantra of the Qesida has grown and prospered because of the epic spirit that ruled the country during the sixties. The revolutionary ghazard, with its features such as vertical order and the application of long weight, is especially important. The Masnavi Template is reborn with fresh and fresh rhymes. The Ghazal-Mathnawi format is expanding dramatically, and the revelation of a verbal weight in quatrains is a good platform for expressing the passionate feelings of the revolution and sacred defense. The main challenges in this paper are the dangers in the linguistic structure of the Islamic Revolution poetry and how to link the poetry forms with the subject of the Islamic Revolution. The importance of this issue in the present article is that the literature of the Islamic Revolution is often considered as meaningful literature, and its literal and structural features have not been taken into consideration; of course, it is not doubtful that the Islamic Revolution literature has a more semantic aspect, but with In the works, there are a number of structural and structural features and features. The verbal and structural prominence of the Islamic Revolution poem In terms of verbal and structural prominence, all forms of aesthetics are a literary work such as poetry that combines language and lexical modernizations, combining and using particular interpretations and images of the examples that we have addressed in these axes, respectively. 1- Axes such as freshness of language, compositional movement, novelty in rhymes and rows, the use of specific interpretations and images of the sacred revolution and sacred defense, and the pace of vocabulary constitute the prominence of the revolutionary poetry. 2- One of the points of the Islamic Revolution's poem is the tongue of the tongue, which sometimes has a freshness at the same time as the mold, language, freshness, and this freshness of language, thanks to the coincidence with the new poem and to be in the forefront of this way. 3- The composition of the poetry revolution in terms of construction, it can be divided into three groups of additional composition, composition and phrases. 4- Trying to use new rhymes and rows in different formats and using vocabulary and terms that reflect the vision of the revolution, and using the current and native rows of other linguistic features of revolution poetry. 5- Use of specific interpretations and images of the war and the range of the lexical circle associated with the content of the particular thought of the revolution and the sacred defense, as well as the use of particular names, military terms and expressions, religious terms and expressions are the other factors for the novelty of the poetry language of the revolution. 6- By examining the various forms of the poem of the revolution, it is clear that the form of the verse, although not very sparkling in contemporary poetry, is due to the epic spirit that ruled the revolution in the first years of the holy defense in the country, growth and prosperity Finds 7- Ghazal in the poetry of revolution is of particular importance and is well received by the poets of the Islamic Revolution. Revolutionary ghosts have features such as vertical order, the use of high weight and novelty, and innovation. 8- After the revolution, Masnavi's template was restored using new rhymes. The prevalence of Ghazal-Mathnavi's format is one of the structural features of the revolutionary poetry, which expanded dramatically during this period. 9- The weight of the voice in the quatrains was a good basis for expressing the passionate feelings of the revolutionary period and the sacred defense of the sixties. 10- The poets of the revolution in the middle years turned to new forms and introduced new insights into new poetry. The new poetry of the revolution is a narrative and supportive poetry and is usually long, but the new poetry is not a boring age. 11- During the Islamic Revolution, Cari-kalamator grew dramatically, and the reason for its increase in the increase of the press and their release is the politicization of the country and the people after the revolution, and the breathing of the themes of satire and protest in the field of literature of the Islamic Revolution. This template found a significant difference in the present period before the revolution, and it was Cari-kalamator’s semantics in the era of the revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical Industry in Iran has difficulties such as inappropriate distribution, expired drugs and late drug delivery to patients. To overcome these issues and reach a sustainable development, the environmental and social aspects must be considered beside the economic aspects. In this paper, we address the Pharmaceutical distribution network and design a novel model that helps the distributing companies to decide strategic (determining the main and local distribution centers) and tactical decision (determining the flow) according to the three aspects of sustainability. The solution through the evolutionary algorithms presents the best selection of local distribution centers and the optimum amount of flow of medicine through the network with respect to three aspects of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed at identifying and analyzing supply chain risks of Saipa automotive company to determine those seemly critical and the appropriate decision for each category to be made. To this end, first, according to company’s documents and interviews with experts, and using theme analysis method, the identification and categorization of supply chain risks are addressed. In the second step, by using of SNA approach, the most important risks in terms of the effects they have on emerging other risks in the risks’ relationship network are determined. The results are analyzed using the IPM matrix and the necessary decisions are made according to this matrix. According to the results, 48% of the total risks are categorized in financialeconomic, suppliers, information, and transportation categories. Therefore, it seems that paying particular attention to these areas can result in significant improvement in system’s status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations should consider process improvement for promoting their performance. The main problem is the high volume of process dataset along with the wide variety of their features that leads to increase the complexity in process improvement methods. Previous methods cannot improve processes in a high volume of process dataset. Data mining approach can support improvement methods by identifying valuable hidden patterns in high volume of process dataset. In this paper a framework of using data mining techniques for extracting valuable hidden patterns in high volume of process dataset is developed for presenting the improvement suggestions. In order to evaluate the proposed framework, a real set of processes along with their features were gathered. After that, using classification, clustering, and features selection algorithms, valuable patterns in high volume of process dataset were identified. After evaluating these patterns, improvement suggestions were recommended by the identified patterns. The results showed that identified patterns can support processes improvement activities with recommending the improvement suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropology and the discussion of human being is one of the subjects that always had been in the center of debate. Who is human being? What is his essence? What is his purpose of life? A look at Hadith and Qur’an shows that the human being has the capacity of resemblance to God. It has been realized in the perfect man who is the manifestation of God’s names and attributes. Although Allame Jafari focuses on mystical aspect of human being, because of various reasons and causes, including being familiar to the Western thinkers, he expand the region of anthropology outside of the mystical boundaries, e.g. psychological and sociological aspects. This paper aimed at showing similarities as well as differences between these two thinkers. Furthermore, we will determine why Erich Fromm was so interesting to Allame Jafari? According to Allame Jafari, human being consists of two different aspect: soul and body, which the first aspect is more important. In soul there is “ego”. While other parts of body work mechanistic, ego is conscious of its actions and other part’s actions. In order to achieve the end of life, he must be guided by means of which he could elevate over the shadow of life. Utilizing his internal abilities, including intellect conscience, man transcendence of natural ego and achieve his perfection. This stage, which he calls intellectual life, is full of consciousness and will and is leading to the perfection. Instead of traversing the way of perfection, he may be alienated which consists of two kinds: positive alienation and negative alienation. On the other hand, for Erich Fromm, the main problem is the essence of man. According to him, it is very difficult to present a rigid definition of human being. Thus, instead of appealing to the concept of substance, he utilizes internal contradictions of human. The man is some kind of animal but all of his instincts aren’t in harmony of his environment as well as his life. His defections in this filed lead him to learn. His characteristic is consciousness of his past, future and his death. Through this, he overcomes the nature. While he changes his environment to be a suitable place for human being, he finds a gap between his animal status and his status as a conscious being. He has two choice: downgrade to animal status of his ancestors or training his powers in the way of history in order to achieve growth and transcendence. In fact, history is the road of man’s growth which he build by means of his freewill and freedom until he reaches to his perfection i.e. justice, love and thought. For Fromm, man creates his essence, though he may be alien of his essence because of certain events and submit before external powers. Fromm calls this idolatry. In this situation, man passes his power to external things and instead to himself, he loves another external thing. Review There are certain similarities between them. It seems that the most important influence of Fromm on Allameh is psychological aspects of his thought. For Allameh, the life of man is meaningful only when he elevates from the boundaries of biological life and reaches to transcendence. Fromm holds such belief. Also, for Allameh, same as Fromm, man has no rigid essence, but he must manifest his potentialities. The idea that human being has no rigid essence has no root in Islamic thought and thus it seems that Allameh has borrowed from Fromm and other Western thinkers. Fromm believes that man must elevate from his natural bundries and utilizing his reason, he must move to perfection and transcendence. His optimistic approach is in accordance with Allameh’s ideas and in disagreement with Fraud’s thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Islamic centuries (1st to 3rd A.H) are significant in every scholarly study of different periods in Iranian history due to their intense transformation and profound developments within the Iranian society and also the encounter of Zoroastrian and Islamic worldviews and different methods of resistance against Arab domination. Zoroastrianism, as a religion, lost its dominant position and was gradually replaced by Islam. Thus, maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian society became the main concern of the Zoroastrian priests, which can evidently be witnessed in apocalyptic texts of Zoroastrian faith. Accordingly, resistance against Arab invaders lost its initial violence and political fervor and took in a new momentum in the form of maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian religion and society and concentration on the doomsday and spiritual salvation. Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts contained teachings that tried to adapt different fields of life in Iranian society facing spread of Islam and the Arab domination of Iran. Although the history of these texts returns to oral narratives before Sasanians, but after the transition of Iranian society from oral literature to Sasanian writing literature and the compilation of Zoroastrian texts in Islamic period, the writing of apocalyptic texts also became important. By reviewing these texts, it would be possible to find out important political and social changes of Iranian society in the first Islamic centuries. Within this framework, the rise of non- Zoroastrian Iranian movements during the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.H against the Caliphate were deemed as a dangerous heresy and a serious challenge to Zoroastrian social identity and were vehemently criticized in Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts. In other words, in the condition that there was no hope for Zoroastrian government to be restored, the preservation of the religious integrity of the people became a concern for the Zoroastrian clergy that became an apocalyptic cultural model, which was threatened by political and religious movements such as Behāfarīd, Abu Muslim and Bābak uprisings (that had a sectarian or non-Zoroastrian nature) in addition to the Arabs and the caliphate. Since these texts were written and analyzed at the same time as political events, it can be said that apocalyptic literature has been partly indicative of the reaction of Zoroastrian society to its events. In the other words, the suppression of local sustainability along the lack of belief of society towards the fall of Sasanian provided the necessary grounds for the emergence of apocalyptic literature and its related teachings. These teachings opposed all political and religious actions which were challenging for Zoroastrians in order to preserve their social identity in that difficult and complicated condition. Regardless of the social, political, and religious aspects of the movements, their leaders sought to combine the ideas of ancient religion in order to gain support of different groups of people who were incompatible from religious point of view. But this led to their defeat and the emergence of numerous religious and political sects, which themselves were the heritage of contradictions and enhanced intellectual and cultural tensions. From the point of view of the Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts, these movements were not only in the interest of the national and religious interests of the Zoroastrian community, but also threatened their coherence and integrity. The emergence of such movements, especially in the second and third centuries A.H, showed that despite the emphasis of the Zoroastrian clergy on the refusal of the Zoroastrians to cooperate with them, a wide range of society, hoping to escape Arab domination or to improve its economic conditions and social status accompanied these movements. Regardless of the political results of the movements, which often failed, its harmful consequences in the vulnerability of Zoroastrian community's unity and solidarity should be mentioned. In apocalyptic Zoroastrian texts, the leaders of these movements, such as Abu Muslim and Bābak, were condemned and their uprising was mentioned as apocalyptic catastrophe. On the other hand, the beliefs of the followers of Abu Muslim and Bābak as the promised saviors shows domination of apocalyptic thoughts in Iranian society in that period. On the other words, viewpoint of some Iranians towards Abu Muslim, Bābak and other leaders of movements against caliphate as religious leaders and promised saviors, was influenced by apocalyptic concepts of Zoroastrianism such as expectation and emergence of a savior. This paper aims to study the evolutions in the first Islamic centuries from Zoroastrian world-view in Iranian society, applying written evidence from 11th century (A.D), with descriptive and analytical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemological discussions are directed to identify human’s mental abilities in modern time. Kant’s description and explanation on the cognitive and ethical judgments is completed with the description of the cognitive faculties including sense, imagination, understanding and reason. But the mental abilities of human beings aren’t limited to understanding and reason. Kant talks about genius and taste in the third critique. In the paper, Kant’s works and their interpretations are being analyzed in order to achieve an acceptable result about relationship between taste and genius With an emphasis on aesthetic experience in the formalistic approach. In this approach, the subject and object are involved in the production and perception of the artworks. Taste is essential in The perception and judgment of the artworks, that is, it strengthens objectivity, and genius is essential in their production, that is, it strengthens subjectivity. In the other words, taste is for the selection and genius is for the change of a thing. This reminds the fundamental assumption that sensory experiences without conceptions are blind and conceptions without sensory experience are empty. Accordingly, they are co-present in the evolutionary process in social and cultural contexts. The method of the research is analysis of the data derived from textual study of Kant’s works and his commentators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most essential and controversial terms in Art Theory is Mimesis. According to their philosophical views, Plato and Aristotle - who are among the first art theoreticians- each had his own interpretation of Mimesis; And this difference of views is one of the most important elements in evaluating of artworks in the aesthetic history. In this paper we tried to give an almost comprehensive understanding of the concept of Mimesis with contemplation in origins of this word and in its cognates in Greek language (mimos, mimema, mimeistai). Along that, we studied Greek texts that these words were used in them and thereby we tried to determine why these two philosophers - Plato and Aristotle – had adopted two different attitudes towards the concept of Mimesis. The outcomes of our analyses showed that mimrooted terms in pre-platonic texts signified on transference of meaning through "enactment". Their origin was ritual and their primary object was human or animal behaviors. Moreover, primary medium of this concept was dance and then it has been generalized to other types of art. What was common in all these words was the idea of correspondence or equality; In other words, these works or acts had chosen a hypothetical equivalent in real world as a role model. Yet this correspondence was not a pure copy but rather in some cases, this hypothetical pattern even had no concrete existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research is to disregard the most important reason for moral skepticism, regress argument that is obtained with the help of basic ethical beliefs through moral intuition. According to intuitionist Ethical fundamentalism, the chain of justification of moral beliefs leads to those basic beliefs which ultimately leads to one of the hypotheses of the regress argument to be answered. In this approach, rational and ethical intuition can be considered as the source of justification for these basic beliefs. not in the sense that these intuitions are one of the foundations of the inference. In this sense, the " subject predicate relation" is perceived and implicit in moral propositions evidently through moral intuitions and the basic beliefs derived from these intuitions are considered as intuitive ethical beliefs. In this paper, first, the basic ethical beliefs are explained, and then the origin and justification of such beliefs are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the the authenticity of the existence, Mulla- Sadra believes that everything , whether subjective or objective, is real to the extent it exists. But non- existence is nothing and pure untruth. The question that is raised here is whether non- existence has any role in understanding and realization of existence. If yes, then what are those roles? Although existence is the subject matter of philosophy, and it is only existence that has real denotation, our focus on this subject has led us to neglecting of non- existence and its functions. Analyzing the role of non- existence in the emergence and understanding of plurality, and all depend on an understanding of non- existence, its meaning and realizations. Mulla-Sadra considers no authenticity for non- existence and defines it as the lack of existence, but he implicitly considers a role for it in understanding of existence. Addressing the definition of non-existence, its types and its applications in various areas, this paper studies the importance of non-existence in Sadra's philosophy. Accordingly, it is argued that as there is variations in existence, there seems to be degrees of intensity or weakness for non- existence in Sadra’s philosophy. In a sense, in one realization of existence, there is no non- existence while in a weak version of existence, non- existence is pervasive. Without an understanding of nonexistence, it is not possible to understand other philosophical concepts including paradox principle, authenticity of existence, variations in existence, substantive motion, and selfevolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion theory is one of the theories that can explain the causes of the spread of most political, social, agricultural and technological revolutions based on their components. In Iran, this theory is further evaluated in the basis of how the Islamic Revolution influences Muslim countries, but is not included in the field of medicine. The purpose of this descriptive-analytic paper, which is based on library resources and valid websites, is to answer this question: Has diffusion theory the power of explaining how the spread of modern medicine is in Iran during Qajar era? And if so, how will it be explained? To answer the question, this hypothesis was presented: since diffusion theory has so far been able to expose the reasons for the spread of most revolutions within the framework of its components, it can justify medical developments in Iran. Further, factors such as: foreign security, sending students abroad, health and medical institutions, the establishment of educational institutions, vaccinations, quarantines and some other factors in the form of three types of diffusion relocation, hierarchical, and contagious, and factors such as: people with disabilities, lack of funds, poverty, uncertainty for foreigners and some other factors were considered as barriers within the framework of the above-mentioned theory. The result of this hypothesis is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Yasouj, with a half-century of historical background, is an important example for studying quick social and urban developments in modern Iran, where local historiography approaches provide the opportunity to recognize the different dimensions of life and the changes in this city. Yasouj was a village of Tel-Khosrow, which was considered in 1342 as the government center of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province by the Pahlavi government after the uprising of the tribes in the south and the government offices were located there. The directors of these departments were all non-native, and the primary residents of the city were also itinerants who migrated from other cities to Yasouj. The arrival and emigration of these groups to Yasouj and their interactions with the tribal and nomadic communities around the region have begun a changing process in this region. This paper, by a descriptive-analytical method and based on library and documentary sources and oral interviews, examines the role of non-native immigrants in Yasouj's evolutions. In this article, after the introduction to the process and factors of the formation of the city of Yasouj, the occupational groups and their combination of urban institutions and their role in the development of the city have been addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach for islanding detection based on fast STransform, in distribution networks with distributed generators. In this method, at first, S-Transform of voltage and current at point of common coupling are calculated; then, features of normal and islanding operation are extracted using S matrix and frequency contours. The features are extracted using several simulations; considering load switching, motor load switching, transient faults, and islanding conditions with different power mismatches for local load. Finally, support vector machine has been proposed for classifying the extracted features to detect the islanding. For more studies, a distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC and feature vectors corresponding to different situations of islanding and normal operation are extracted and used for training and test of support vector machine classifier. To evaluate the performance of proposed scheme, the obtained results are compared with results of other methods. Comparison of the results shows that the proposed method has higher accuracy and speed in islanding detection. Also, the proposed approach is effective, fast and would not be affected by noise during classifying of conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bat Algorithm is a type of swarm intelligence algorithm which is inspired by the behavior of little bats which are looking for direction in hunting opportunities. Swarm intelligence algorithms are inspired by the nature which are very efficient on crucial optimization problems. These algorithms are simple, flexible and can be implemented easily as well. Analyzing swarm intelligence algorithms makes their utilization reliable and guarantees finding answers by them. Earlier, stability analysis has been accomplished for some swarm intelligence algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search but sufficient mathematical analysis for the bat algorithm has not been done. For this purpose, in the present paper, we considered Bat Algorithm stability analysis using Lyapunov method. In this study, at first, stability analysis of standard bat algorithm has been analyzed. Because of unsuccessful attempts to analyze the stability of standard algorithm, new updating relations has been introduced to increase the degree of freedom. The stability analysis has been presented for these relations. Experimental results illustrate the stability of the new updating relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multi-objective function is proposed for optimal placement of the capacitors in radial distribution networks considering the effect of harmonics. In addition to the voltage profile, active losses and installation cost, the resonant phenomenon caused by the harmonics is also included in proposed objective function. The PSO meta-initiative method has been employed in order to optimize the function. A novel approach has been introduced to analyze the harmonic load flow in distribution networks. The proposed method is based on four matrices that are constant during the load flow. Therefore, in this method, the repeater counters and the harmonic frequencies are the only variables. Due to the elimination of backward-forward sweeps in this approach, the calculations are fast and accurate. This method has been implemented on a standard 14-bus system and a real power distribution network in Lorestan province, Iran. Simulation results confirm the accuracy and speed of the proposed load flow method as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimal placement of the capacitors in the harmonic polluted networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays distributed generation has been given considerable attention due to the increase in energy consumption and the need for using renewable energies. So, the concept of the micro grids for connecting and coordinating different distributed resources via the local power control systems has been introduced. A micro grid connects to the network at normal condition of the operation but in order to increase the system reliability and to promote the generated power quality to feed the sensitive loads, they can operate in the islanding mode too. In the islanding mode of operation in order to supply the whole load and to maintain the balance between the supply and demand, these resources use the conventional droop methods. Generally, using the conventional voltage droop control due to the difference in the impedance of the feeder connect to the resources and also the asymmetrical nature of the network, dose not lead to an appropriate reactive power sharing between the resources. In fact, using conventional droop control creates an intrinsic compromise between the accuracy of reactive power sharing and voltage regulation of micro grid buses. Therefore, in the proposed method of this paper, the coefficients of the voltage droops characteristics of the grid resources are determined by solving an optimization problem using the genetic algorithm (GA). Also in order to improve the reactive power sharing, a novel control strategy based on the adaptive virtual impedance is presented. In this method the ideal reactive power sharing is achieved by using the virtual impedance and compensating the voltage drop of the lines. The virtual impedance setting is done through the data of the voltage of PCC bus in microgrid and sending via a low bandwidth communicational link to the local controller of each resource. The proposed method is robust against the network structure changes, presence of local loads, and interruption in the communication link. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the modern approaches to reading and criticizing literary texts, the theory of the ‘Gerard Genette’, which, in its interrelated axis, suggests three types of "explicitly deliberate", "hidden-deliberate," and "implicit" links between the two texts. In the field of literary studies, in the subject of the impact of texts from each other, important points in literary techniques such as adaptation, assurance, resolution, insertion, interpretation, and sometimes plagiarism are raised, which have always been the subject of attention from the rhetoric. The book, "Mesbah al-Hadaee and Moftah al-Faha", by Ezeddin Mahmoud Kashani (d. 735 AH), according to his firm position in the studies of Islamic mysticism in mystical topics that are the idiosyncratic terms of mystical expressions. All three types of effects based on the theory of Genette were from the Nahj al-Balaghah. In this paper, we try to revisit the four chapters of this book from this perspective. According to what follows, it can be said that Nahj al-Balaghah is a hypertext that Kashani has approached by authoring Mesbah al-Hdayah and the presence of the words of Imam Ali (as) in most of the lines of Kashani's book is bold and undeniable. The research method in this analytical-descriptive study is done by comparative analysis and providing evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Katebi Nieshaburi is one of the famous poets of ninth century AH and is a pioneer of the Indian style. His divan (collection) of Ghazals (sonnets) has been corrected and published only once using a limited number of manuscripts. The published divan of sonnets of Katebi does not include all of his sonnets; so that there are 124 sonnets more than published version in other manuscripts that the correctors have not used them. In addition to the corrected divan, there are shortcomings that necessitate re-correction of this divan. There are defects such as lack of complete introduction and tables of content, lack of a section called glosses, incorrectness of the alphabetic order of sonnets for easy reference, existence of mistypes, missing words and incorrect refrains and so on, which necessitate exact correction of this eminent poet for eliminating these shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the dimensions the defects of the Katebi’ published divan and to provide a context for improvement. To correct the problems in divan, seven new manuscripts were not used by the correctors. Because none of the manuscripts is significant in terms of accuracy, dating, and completeness over the other, problems in the published version of divan have been corrected by the eclectic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sometimes poets and writers use ancient words and phrases in Persian language and literature to express their emotions and meanings (ancientism); sometimes they use different techniques to create novel ideas on the creation of words and combinations. In other words, the authors improve their vocabulary with the use of ancient words and the creation of new words and compositions. The Holy Defense literature is the general title that covers various types of poetry, story, novel, and memory. Memoir writing is one of the most important narrative approaches in Holy Defense literature. In this research, we try to study the types of lexical innovation and ancientism in order to introduce the works of memoir writing from the Holy Defense era. For this research, thirteen works were selected from Holy Defense narrators. After examining the language of these works and extracting the types of lexical innovation and lexicalism, according to different types of language (standard language, substandard, and over- standard), these innovations and ancientism were divided into six categories: (1) the creation of new terms and combinations; (2) the use of words, combinations, and terms of the alien, which itself consists of three parts: a) the use of foreign self-contained words and phrases in the language; b) Military and political terms and words; c) the use of hard foreign words ; 3) the use of native terms; 4) the use of everyday words and phrases; 5) The use of proper names; 6) the use of ancient words. In the result of this research it can be found that in these works the use of foreign words in different ways is the most. In contrast, the use of new words has been less widely used; also ancientism or archeanism has little effect on these works. Different types of language in the studied works In the study of the prose works of the Holy Defense memories, it can be seen that in these texts, innovation and ancientism can not be considered in terms of one type of language, because in these works, due to the writer, the audience, the text, one kind of language has not been used. For this reason, explanations are first given on the three types of standard language, sub-standard, and over- standard languages. The standard language is the language of the educated and the language used in scientific, cultural or political circles (Sarlly, 2008: 49; Rrzai, 2004: 20; Najafi, 1999: seven) The over-standard language is a type of language that is placed on the top of the imaginary line of standard language. In this language, instead of standard language words, words of ancient language, the innovation and revival of past words, metaphors, and special poetic words are used (ibid, 76). The sub-standard language is another type of language that falls under the imaginary line of standard language. Some have limited the language of the substandard to the folk language, and it is considered to be the language of the low society groups, marginalized, uneducated, and even antisocial groups (the same: 76 and 77). Najafi in Dictionary of folk Persian, in addition to popular language, also speaks the colloquial language as a subset of the language group and below the standard language line (Najafi, 1999: six). In the parts that the characters describe, the language is a sub-standard type. The following are some examples: The following examples are from the following statement: "As I gaze at the ceiling" (Bakhtiari, 2011: 11); "I was thinking with myself"(ibid., 19); "I was too tired" (ibid. 148); "The mother and father underestand why I chained myself to the lesson" (the same: 31); "But they did not care" (Rahimi, 2009: 96); "Roll out over soils" (Sepehri, 1391: 305) ; "I will shoot a tissue paper in a bucket" (Bakhtiari, 2011: 16); "reticence of the director in that position puzzled him" (Abad, 1393: 84). The narrator's language in this memoir, for simplicity, has a more sub-standard approach, but in parts, it is standardized. Here are some examples: “The more we went from Mosul, it becomes warmer and warmer.” (Abad, 1393, 485); "We were accustomed to say the necessary things slowly "(Sepehri, 2014: 249); "We came by the water, and we saw the place where we should entere the water and the side of our movement" (ibid: 539); I felt my face was burning" (Zarabizadeh, 1393: 33); "I was asked to write a story of Nahj al-Balagha" (Kazemi, 2010). : 71); "If you please, I will take you to my wife's family house" (Hosseini, 1392: 605). It is worth mentioning that sometimes due to the use of metaphors or enumeration, the language is approaching the over-standard. For example, a writer may use poetry in his remarks, which in this case, the language deviates from the standard and substandard. Of course, the use of poetry in these kinds of languages is a kind of highlighting: "He put the peach sweater that he had made for you, on his face, and throw soil on his head and reads: They called you yousof, so gave you to wolf Death become your wplf, my yousof And he said with a groan, where is my sister? Where is my mother?" (Abad, 2014: 417). "She had a beautiful face. He had a bloody diarrhea. He was yellow and skinny.” "I'm going to die for my heart death I'm sad with sorrow for my dearest» This poem was about the martyr Beheshti" (Bakhtiari, 2007: 332). "Because we wanted to go to the right path, because we loved the right and were guided by that path and by that love: "You walk in this road and do not ask anything Right will tell you, how to go” And this matter was tangible for us and we felt it "(Kazemi, 2010: 205). Of course, this poem is from Attar, and its original principle was: "You walk on the road and dont ask anything, and the road will tell you how to go" (Attar, 1358: 93). "This time, what a pleasant mantra, they read: Caravan passes by the purple flowersits ambassador is the young martyr ... This song reminds me of the children of the revolver of Bilal" (Makhdoomi, 2008: 142). With regard to these points and considering different types of language, it is advisable to consider the type of language in order to examine the types of lexical innovations; as, for example, the use of rhetoric in language may create the notion that, with the use of rhetorical techniques, the language goes away from the standard and approaches the over-standard language; but it should be noted that some rhetorical techniques are far from this feature; for example, the use of the irony in the sub-standard language is a natural subject, and even using a lot of irony can be a feature of this type of language; For example, the following examples can be used to say that the use of irony, not only does not close the language to the over-standard, but is based on the following characteristics of the language, but is a feature of substandard language: "I was up all night,waiting" (Zarabizadeh, 2011: 46); "As if nothing happen" (the same as: 118); "I couldn’t calm down" (ibid, 99); "I had been tired, too long before" (The same: 94); "He will turned back with nothing" (Sepehri, 2011: 22); "he died with my first bullet" (ibid, 40). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the literary texts of Persian, there are ten poems called Vis and Ramin by Fakhruddin Ass'ad Gurgani; Khosrow and Shirin, Haft paykar, Sharafnameh and Eghbalnameh by Nezami Ganjavi; Gol and Nowrooz, Homay and Homayoun Khwaju Kermani; Jamshid and Khorshid by Salman Savoji; Bahram and Golandam by Amin al-Din Safi and Homayname which has features of the literary type of romance. In this paper, based on the model of Claude Lévi-Strauss structuralism, we extracted the minima of the narrative of Persian verse romances and studied their structure. In the narrative structure of Persian verse romances, the common minima have always been repeated. The first step for understanding deep-structure the stories is to explain the structure of their narrative. Based on the existence of dual oppositions in the structure of these romances, the main elements of the structure of stories can be extracted. These elements are Mytheme that stories structure based on them. From the stroke of the stories mentioned above, six narrative minima can be extracted: 1) The hero sees science and martial arts. 2) The hero, loves a beautiful girl. 3) The hero travels to gain the demands. 4) The hero for gaining demands, tests or quests. 5) The hero receives a reward. 6) The hero returns to his homeland. As Strauss extracted the Mythemes on a sentence scale, these elements are also in the form of a sentence, which can generally be summarized in single words; the elements of "education, love, travel, test, reward, return." According to the aforementioned minerals, the main structure of the Persian verse romances is based on the initiation or the achievement of the championship. Initiation and traditions of encouragement and passing on a series of ceremonies and rituals and oral education, the purpose of which is to create a fundamental and decisive transformation in the religious and social status of a person who is mysterious, overlooked or strangled. In Persian verse romances, the hero with a motive that is generally sought after by a beloved goes away from home and takes a long journey with all kinds of hardships; Tests are difficult to survive and eventually return home with victory over enemies and obtaining desires. These propositions are the structural elements that illuminate the original structure of the romances based on the pattern of pagan rituals. In this template, the hero goes away from the community, while at the same time differs from his previous state of affairs, in order to achieve perfection and change his religious and social status. The findings of this research show that the use of an initiation structure in the narration of Persian verse romances is due to the importance of extra-family marriages in deep-structure these stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetation is the mirror of climate. So getting information on vegetation status, such as their extent and distribution, is of great importance. It is very difficult and costly to gather information about continuous vegetation changes with conventional methods. Therefore, remote sensing is a very useful method that provides a wide view of a region. The purpose of this study is to examine the average long-term average of Iran's coatings with the help of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In this paper, the 16 days data of NDVI data of MODIS Aqua from 13/4/1381 to 13/12/1393 were exploited from MODIS web page and then in the base of 10 billion of codes, the long term mean of 16 days NDVI of Iran during the years was calculated. As the NDVI of above 0.2 represents vegetation, the long term mean of vegetation was calculated for each of the 16 days. The findings showed that Iran’s vegetation in the period of December 26th to January 9th is minimum covering about 8 percent of Iran's territory, and from April 15th to May 1th is maximum with 30 percent of coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main areas in textual criticism is the use of additional sources. Additional resources is a set of resources that is related to the edited text from of historical, content, structural, and consequential aspects. Attar’s Tazkerat al-oliya, as a reference text in the tradition of Iranian Sufism, always attracted the attention of future generation and the elected and various translations of this text confirms this claim. Vali-name is a poem that was written in the first half of the ninth century AD, in Shiraz. This book is a poetic translation of Attar’s Tazkerat al-oliya. Vali-name, in addition to literary and artistic aspects, is important also from the textual point of view, because its author probably has access to original manuscripts of Tazkerat al-oliya. In this paper, apart from explaining the features of this book, we analyzed its important role in the editing of Tazkerat aloliya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story of Siavash has an old mythological theme, and hence one can consider him a mythic-ritual person whose study of various aspects of his story calls for the recognition of ancient rituals. The present research has examined Siavash in ancient texts and Shahnameh with a descriptive-analytical method. Contrary to the views of previous scholars, this paper concludes that Siavash has had the signs of Mitraism within himself. Such signs contain different features than common ones. Incidentally, these signs are those that are not part of Mehr rituals, but are its distinctive features. These signs revolve around the issues of belief in action and wisdom, and those aspects of religion that emphasize the role of intellectuals showed Siavash as the owner of Farah meaning the follower of religion and country, relating to Mehr rituals. So, a number of Siavash’s traits and mythical events around him should be found in beliefs such as believing in theism (Farah bavari), a pass-by-fire test, a horse and a Teshter in ancient mythologies, the source of the alliance, the righteousness, skillfulness in archery and vendetta are beliefs of the worshipers of Mehr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem Statemen: Information and communication technology (ICT) is considered as the growth engineand an energy source for economical and social empowermentof each country, specially the third world countries; whil, this technology, having a pivotal role people's quotodienne life, and their accessability to freedom, justice, welfare and also security. Aim: This paper aims at analysising the effects of ICT, on the rural good governance in the rural areas of Meshginshar County. Mehodology: This study is developmental in its goal; while, being descriptive-survey, with the analytical-specifying in terms of natur. Statistical population of research included all of villagers residing in the rural areas of Meshginshar County, having had ICT offices. In addition, for determining sample size, the villagers, we benefited the Cochran formula with the confidence level of 95% and the error probability of 5%. Data gathering for responding the research questions, has been in two methods of documentary (the secondary data) and survey (the initial data); while, the used tools in survey method, having been questionnaire and interview. face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert panel. A guiding study, including 30 questionnaires, was carried down in the similar region, and based on the gathered data, and using the Cronbach's alpha in SPSS software, the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire was determined between 0.78-0.89. Results: relating to the relation between dependent and independent research variables in the villages with ICT offices, the relationship between efficiency and effectiveness variables, social participation, conscientiousness and monitoring; with the variable of information and communication technology, has been positive at 1% error rate. And the relationship between the variables of justice and equity and social responsibility, with the information and communication technology variable, has been positive at 5% error rate. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between variables of transparency, flexibility and rule of law; with the variable of information and communication technology. In addition, relating to the relationship between independent and dependent variables of research, in the villages without ICT offices, resulted in a positive relationship between consistency and monitoring variables, with the information and communication technology variable, at 1% error rate. There was no significant relationship between variables of flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness, transparency, social participation, rule of law, justice and equity, and social responsibility; with the variable of information and communication technology. Innovation: Looking at rural development management with a new approach, and trying to consolidate the foundations of e-government, in governing the local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]