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本稿では、製紙業界の新市場開拓に向けたイノベーションの効果について寡占市場を前提に理論的に捉え、新市場の拡大が企業の生産性・効率性にどのように影響するのか、大王製紙を例にしてシミュレーション・データによる実証分析を試みた。その結果、新市場の開拓は、長期的に製紙企業の効率性を向上させる効果があり、大王製紙のケースでは、2050年時点の効率性は、好景気であった1990年の効率水準に並ぶことが明らかになった。, This paper takes a theoretical view of the effect of innovation on the development of new markets in the paper industry, assuming an oligopoly market, and attempts an empirical analysis of how the expansion of new markets affects the productivity and efficiency of companies, using Daio Paper as an example, through simulation data. The results showed that the development of new markets has the effect of improving the efficiency of paper companies over the long term, and in the case of Daio Paper Corporation, the efficiency in 2050 is on par with the efficiency level in 1990, when the economy was booming., 特集 経済制度と社会秩序の形成に関する理論実証分析, Special issue: Theoretical and empirical studies on the evolution of economic institutions and social order, 論説(Article)

寿岳文章(1900-92)は，関西学院高等学部や京都帝国大学文学部選科で学び，英国詩人ウィリアム・ブレイクの研究やダンテ『神曲』の研究で知られる英文学者，書誌学者である。妻の静子も文筆家であり，夫妻は1933年に京都郊外の西向日町住宅地に居宅向日庵を新築し，そこへ転居する前後から夫妻協力して私版の書物の制作をはじめる。やがて向日庵を拠点としてはじめたのが，北海道を除く本州，四国，九州の和紙漉場調査であった。紙業調査は，寿岳がかねてより師事する言語学者新村出の勧めによるもので，帝国学士院の推薦により，有栖川宮記念学術奨励金を得て実現した。1937年10月から1940年3月までの間に，15回の旅行で96ヵ町村の漉場を実地に訪れている。調査計画の作成と実施には，民藝同人として親交のあった内閣統計局労働課長水谷良一の協力を得た。調査旅行の多くに妻静子が同行し，旅先の風景や紙漉村の描写は静子が，紙漉きに関する専門的な記述は文章が担当し，日々の調査記録が作成された。調査地では文章自ら写真をとり，紙を収集し持ち帰った。紙漉きの沿革や統計資料も集め，実地調査と併行して行われた文献調査の成果と合わせて，紙業調査資料としてまとめてファイルに整理された。漉場調査の成果については，寿岳は調査期間中からの早い段階から，既調査地について『工藝』や『和紙研究』などに論考を発表している。調査の集大成が，私版の向日庵本として制作した文章・静子共著『紙漉村旅日記』である。造本で評価が高いが，訪れた多くの紙漉場ごとに整理された調査項目に従い記述され，紙業調査資料に基づく統計なども含めた科学的な内容を持つ。寿岳はその著作で，化学材料を使い効率化を図る当時流行の改良漉を繰り返し批判する。紙を工藝の視点からみる寿岳は，まざりけない材料で古法を守り漉かれる紙を評価するが，産業としての製紙業とは開きがある。, Bunsho Jugaku (1900-92) is an English scholar and bibliographer known for his research on William Blake and Dante’s Divine Comedy. His wife Shizuko is also a writer. Based in their home, Koujitsu-an, the couple conducted a survey of washi mills in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. This research was realized with an academic scholarship at the recommendation of Izuru Shinmura, whom under Jugaku studied. From October 1937 to March 1940, Jugaku visited 96 towns and villages on 15 trips. Ryoichi Mizutani, Director of the Labor Division of the Cabinet Statistics Bureau, who was a fellow of Mingei, cooperated with the survey plan. In the survey, Shizuko recorded the scenery of her travels, and Jugaku recorded the professional papermaking process. Jugaku took pictures, collected papers, and brought them home. The culmination of their research is “Papermaking Village Travel Diary” by Jugaku Bunsho and Shizuko. It is highly regarded for its excellent binding. It has scientifically researched and described contents about papermaking at that time. Jugaku strongly criticizes the use of chemical materials to make paper more efficient. Jugaku, who sees paper as a craft, appreciates paper made by old methods using materials that cannot be mixed, but there is a gap between paper manufacturing as an industry and as a craft., 特集 : 近代京都と文化, Special Issue : Modern Kyoto Culture

研究ノート

本研究は日本の大学2 回生が初めて書く英語によるアカデミックペーパーにおいて、文献参照をどのように行っているかを分析したものである。分析には先行研究で提示された5種類の指標を用いた。その指標とはcitation category, integral/non-integral, reportingstructure, rhetorical functions, writer’s stance である。その結果、対象ペーパーの全体の傾向は、同じく学生のペーパーを対象とした類似研究とほぼ共通した特徴を示していることが分かった。また、ライティング経験がより高い対象を分析した先行研究とは、若干の相違点が認められた。

本研究では，大学生を対象にリアクションペーパーをどのような目的で活用しているのかを測定する尺度（リアクションペーパーに対する活用目的尺度）が開発され（研究1），その尺度を構成する因子とリアクションペーパーの記述の量および質との関連が検討された（研究2）。研究1では中国・四国地方にある2大学の授業に参加した229名を対象に質問紙調査が実施され，リアクションペーパーに対する活用の目的は，「内容記憶」，「深い処理」，「記述訓練」，「意見交流」に集約されることが示された。続いて研究2では，91名から計8回にわたるオンライン授業に対する感想としてリアクションペーパーが収集され，それらを分析に用いたところ，「深い処理」と記述の質に効果量は小さかったものの正の関連が見られた。これらの結果をもとに，大学教育における深い学びを実現するためのリアクションペーパーの質を向上させる取り組みや今後の研究の展望について議論された。, The present study developed a scale to assess individual differences in aims of utilizing reaction papers in university education and their relations with the quantity and quality of reaction papers. In study 1, 229 university students from two universities in Chugoku-Shikoku region participated in a questionnaire survey. Factor analysis revealed four factors in the structure of the scale: memorizing, deep processing, practicing, and communicating. In study 2, 91 university students in an educational psychology class with an online participated in a survey and submitted reaction papers from eight online lectures under the restriction by COVID-19. Correlation analysis found a positive relation, but small effect size, between deep processing and the quality of their reaction papers evaluated via expert judgement. Finally, we discuss practices to enhance the quality of reaction papers to actualize the learning with deep processing in university education and future perspectives of research utilizing reaction papers.

In recent years, faculty development (FD) is conducted in most universities, and active learning methods have been developed and practiced in many subjects, in addition to class support tools that utilize information and communications technology. At our college, it is becoming more common for the class teacher to select, practice, and consider methods and tools that are suitable for their class, and to improve the class.At the FD workshop held in February 2018, we examined cases that can be used for practical training and experiments to improve classes, triggered by a case study of active learning by lecturer Yasutaka Ishii of Waseda University.Reflection methods (review sheets or reaction papers) were selected after considering the immediate effect and the relationship of trust with college students. Examples of trials using reflection methods and class improvement were provided, but there were few actual examples in the praxis of anatomical physiology of dietitian training. In addition,although there were examples of improvement combined with the class evaluation questionnaire, there were almost no attempts to improve the contents of each class or to deepen the connection with dietitians. This study reports trials using communication papers (original review sheets) in the praxis of anatomical physiology conducted in 2018, and reports improvement of class contents.The use of communication papers in the praxis of anatomical physiology was considered to be effective. In particular, their use does not place a heavy burden on teachers or students, and teachers are able to quickly visualize their understanding, interests, and connections with dietitians as data. The author concluded that for students, communication papers are quite effective not only for confirming attendance, but also for reviewing and improving classes.

研究論文, This study discussed the difficulties encountered by an international student in graduate school when writing research papers in Japanese for the first time and her disposition development. The analysis of interview data revealed that the international graduate student with a performance-oriented goal showed increased anxiety and decreased self-efficacy when writing papers. The student coped with her anxiety in a way that helped her feel relieved and secure, and she changed her goal through self-reflection. Furthermore, the student responded to a decrease in self-efficacy by reflecting on her learning environment, and consequently adopting a sense of responsibility helped her to control her own efficacy. The student developed the dispositions of engagement and openness through writing papers. Thus, to elicit engagement, it is important to build confidence and self-esteem, and the key to achieving these aims is to experience each step of the research process, including mid-term and final presentations, and recognize that she has the approval of those she holds in respect. In addition, the sense of achievement on completing a paper develops a sense of openness, leading to independent study.

The goal of this study was to provide useful information for people（including graduate students） who want to write and publish academic psychology papers. To estimate（a） the length of time it will take to complete a paper and（b） the future duration of current academic publishing systems, I applied the delta t argument developed by Gott（1993）. Based on some real-world data on publication statistics and a selective history of publishing systems, I argued that（a）a paper may be completed sooner than the author expects and（b） the older peer review system may coexist with or last longer than recent approaches to academic publishing.

Login passwords are likely to be one of the authentication methods used on Internet sites for some time to come, but there are problems. For example, frequently used login passwords such as “password” can be easily guessed, and short login passwords can be discovered even if account locking is enabled on the server side. Also, if you use the same login password at other sites, leakage is likely to occur. In order to prevent these problems, cooperation among users is required. However, looking at the results of a certain questionnaire, it turned out that considerable reuse is being carried out among Internet users. The reason for this is thought to be that the methods of managing login passwords which has been recommended so far was difficult to use for many users. Therefore, we would like to propose a safer and more feasible login password management method that can be used in school education. Specifically, it is a method of using OS vendor application software for encryption and using an encryption key of 15 characters or more in accordance with NISC recommendations. By using a sufficiently long encryption key, a brute force attack can be avoided and the encryption key will not be leaked. Since the encryption key is not leaked, one encryption key can be reused many times. If there are a few encryption keys, they are easy to remember and easy to manage even if they are written down on paper. We believe that teaching this method in schools will reduce the reuse of Internet users' login passwords. In this paper, we would also like to propose preparing alternative passwords in advance as a method to avoid the reuse of login passwords.

研究論文（査読あり論文）

研究論文（査読あり論文）

The purpose of this study was to analyze “practical research” published in “the Japanese Journal of Special Education,” and to consider strategies to compile various practices in various fields including educational environments into a paper not only as practical report but also as practical research supported by theoretical considerations based on hypotheses and evidence, looking back on the past and aiming at new deepening of the “practical research” in the “Japanese Journal of Special Education.” Based on the analyses, we summarized and discussed the practical research as follows ： an “experimental” approach using the single subject design based on methodologies which enable to focus on variables and show certain quantitative evidence in practices, and a “naturalistic” approach in which various and multi-layered factors existing in daily events are explained by descriptive data.

理科・数学の探究活動における「新たな課題を発見する経験」を促すことを目的とした教材として，カーボン・ペーパーの電気抵抗での活用とその有効性を検証した。カーボン・ペーパーは取り扱い易く，自由な形を創ることができ，安定した定量的な実験が可能である。「新たな課題を発見する経験」ができる探究活動は，課題の解決・確認を通して科学の方法と態度の育成に重点を置く探究活動と，課題の設定から考察までのすべてを自身で構想し，それを実施する発展的な探究活動の間に位置する探究活動であると考えられる。カーボン・ペーパーを電気抵抗で活用することは，視覚的な効果や応用性の高さから多様な課題を設定することができ，その結果として多くの「新たな課題」を見いだすことができる可能性を持っている。本研究により，高等学校での授業実践を通して，カーボン・ペーパーの電気抵抗での活用が，既習理論の確認や課題の解決における教材として有効であること，「新たな課題を発見する経験」を促すことを目的とした教材として「新たな課題」の発見に効果があること，さらに発見した課題が理数探究での発展的な探究活動の事例として活用できることを確認することができた。, We examined the utility and effectiveness of CNT paper in the field of electrical resistance as a teaching material that aimed at encouraging "experience to discover new assignments " in inquiry-based activities of science and mathematics. CNT paper is easy to handle, can be made into any shape, and enables stable and highly reproducible quantitative experiments. Inquiry-based activities "experience to discover new assignments " is considered to be an inquiry -based activity located between a basic inquiry-based activity that emphasizes the development of scientific methods and attitudes through solution and confirmation of the assignment, and a progressive inquiry -based activity that carries out everything from assignment setting to consideration by oneself. Utilizing CNT paper in the field of electrical resistance can be to set variety of assignments due to its high visual effect and applicability. As a result, it has the potential to discovered many " new assignments ". In this research, through the class practice in high school, we were able to confirm that the utilization of CNT paper in the field of electrical resistance was effective as a teaching material in confirming the theory that had already been learned and in solving assignments. As a teaching material aimed at encouraging "experience to discover new assignments ", it was effective in discovering "new assignments ". And that the discovered assignments could be used as the case study for exploratory inquiry-based research activities.

本稿はトランスログ型の一般化費用関数と確率的費用フロンティアモデルによる製紙業界の非効率性の推定を行っている。これらのモデルはともに推定式が複雑であり、計測が困難であった。こうした計測の問題を克服し、製紙業界における企業レベルの一般化費用関数から得られる生産要素の非効率性と、トランスログ型確率的費用フロンティアモデルから得られる各企業の非効率性の関係を明示したことが本稿独自の新規な成果である。, This paper estimates the inefficiency of the paper industry using a translog generalized cost function and a stochastic cost frontier model. Both of these models have complex estimating equations and are difficult to measure. This paper overcomes these measurement problems and clearly shows the relationship between the inefficiency of production factors obtained from the firm-level generalized cost function and the inefficiency of each firm obtained from the translog stochastic cost frontier model in the paper industry, which is a novel achievement of this paper., 森田雅憲教授古稀祝賀記念号(Honorable issue in commemoration of Prof. Masanori Morita's 70 years of age)

Analysis of bacteria in the sewage wastewater treatment process is essential for process stabilization and upgrading. Although bacteria are currently being analyzed by molecular biology techniques targeting the 16S rRNA gene, there is a problem that they are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we developed a paper-based analytical chip by using two types of DNA molecules that specifically bind to bacterial 16S rRNA. We optimized the fabrication method of the detection probe and the paper-based analytical chip, and then detected synthetic DNA having a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with the designed DNA molecules and bacterial 16S rRNA extracted from an activated sludge sample. We evaluated the amount of nucleic acids quantitatively by taking images of the detection line on the paper-based analytical chip with a smartphone and analyzing its brightness with an open-source image processing program, ImageJ. Our method was able to detect 85 nM of bacterial 16S rRNA concentration in the extract. Nucleic acids that did not hybridize with either of the designed DNA molecules were not detected, demonstrating high selectivity of our method.

Japanese various media reported that a pamphlet about sexual minorities and surname use among married couples was distributed to Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers’ gathering at a hotel held on June 13, 2022. It was said that the pamphlet was a lecture note presented by Yang Sang Jin who is a professor at Hirosaki Gakuin University. The author of this paper could not obtain the pamphlet, but found Yang’s paper titled “The unknown truth about homosexuality and same-sex marriage in Japan”(2022), in which he discusses causes of homosexuality from the point of view of acquisition or learning after birth; which leads to the claim that one can eliminate such a trait with his/her strong will power. Yang denies genetic, hormonal and innate causes and emphasizes the importance of environmental factors such as family (e.g. strong mother and weak father), sexual abuse on childhood. This paper tries to argue against Yang’s claims with provision of various recent studies.

目 次はじめにⅠ 考課状の概要 (1) 史料の概要 (2) 固定資産に係る勘定科目の概要Ⅱ 王子製紙における減価償却 (1) 先行研究にみる減価償却 - 王子製紙を中心に - (2) 考課状にみる減価償却の表示 (3) 王子製紙における減価償却の概要 (4) 考課状にみる戦時体制下における減価償却 (5) 王子製紙苫小牧工場における減価償却との比較おわりに

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本稿では，和紙の原料である楮とりんご剪定枝から得たパルプおよび針葉樹パルプを異なる混合率で混合し，手漉きにて紙を作製，その物性評価を行った。具体的には，りんご剪定枝パルプと針葉樹パルプの平均繊維長の測定やそれらを異なる比率で作製した紙の坪量や引張強さの物性を比較した。その結果，りんご剪定枝パルプの平均繊維長は0.52㎜であったのに対して，針葉樹パルプは2.45㎜であった。また，りんご剪定枝パルプの混合率が高くなるに従って，引張強さはゆるやかに減少することが分かった。また，比引張強さは減少することがわかった。

本稿では，りんご剪定枝から作製したパルプと針葉樹パルプを異なる比率で混合し，その物性評価を目的として検討を行った。具体的には，りんご剪定枝パルプおよび針葉樹パルプの平均繊維長の測定やそれらを異なる比率で作製した紙の引張強さや色差等の物性を比較した。その結果，りんご剪定枝パルプの平均繊維長は0.52㎜であったのに対して，針葉樹パルプは2.45㎜であった。また，りんご剪定枝パルプの混合率が25％の時，0 ％の引張強さの10％減に留まった。一方，混合率が高くなるに従ってL* 値は低く，a* 値，b* 値は高くなることが分かった。

本稿では，さくら剪定枝パルプ及びリサイクルパルプを混合し，抄紙機を用いて作製した紙及び市販されている紙の物性を比較することで，さくら剪定枝パルプの一般的な紙等への利用可能性について検討した。その結果，作製されたさくら剪定枝パルプの平均繊維長は0.44㎜であり，他の広葉樹パルプと比較し，短いことが分かった。また，作製した紙には市販されている紙と同様に異方性があり，地合いの良い紙であることが推察された。比引張強さは紙の横方向に比べ，縦方向に3.3倍大きいことが分かった。

目 次1 はじめに2 長期継続的取引関係論に関する先行研究3 製紙企業と販売代理店の長期継続取引関係4 むすびにかえて

目 次はじめにⅠ 戦前までの減価償却 (1) 明治以降から昭和初期における減価償却の実務 (2) 減価償却行動の要因Ⅱ 戦時期における減価償却に対する認識Ⅲ 王子製紙を事例とした減価償却の実務 (1) 先行研究にみる王子製紙の減価償却 (2) 王子製紙工場決算報告書にみる減価償却おわりに

本研究の目的は、今泉（2011；2012）に提示された「アルツハイマー映画」を題材に、映画の教材的意義を検討することである。「アルツハイマー映画」とは、認知症の人が主役又は脇役で登場する作品を指している。今泉論文に示された作品のうち入手可能な 15 本を研究対象とした。認知症施策の変遷と登場人物の描写の傾向、登場人物の属性と在宅介護の描写の傾向、登場人物にみられる臨床的特徴の傾向について検討した。その結果、「アルツハイマー映画」の教材的意義として、①当時の認知症施策のトレンドを学ぶツールとして活用できる点、②認知症の人やその家族を追体験することができる点、③認知症のさまざまな症状が視覚的にイメージしやすい点、があげられる。

著作権保護のため、すべての掲載図版に白抜き処理を施しています。

明初洪武年間、遼東へは貨幣がほとんど送られず、穀物や木綿などの現物が直接転運され、軍土に支給されていた。だが時代が下るにつれ、徐々に現物に替わって鈔が転運されるようになり、正統年間には山東や遼東で鈔の通用が最も盛んになった。ところが土木の変を境に銀の遼東転運が急増し、景泰・天順年間は鈔払いと銀払いとの併用期となった。その後も銀遣いの勢いは止まず、成化年間には鈔が貨幣の地位から脱落して銀の優位が強まった。弘治年間になると遼東軍土への鈔の給賞はほとんど見られなくなった。

大学教授らによる同僚の研究不正に係る公益通報に対して，不正目的等を理由にした懲戒処分の無効確認等を求める訴訟事件（学校法人國士舘ほか（戒告処分等）事件・東京高判令和３年７月28日〔令２（ネ）4345号〕（労働判例ジャーナル118号58頁））を契機として，内部通報受理後の調査未対応の法的責任，通報内容の真実相当性（不正な目的による内部通報かどうか）に関する事実認定，公益通報規程等に違反した懲戒処分と不法行為との関係性等の主要な論点について，2022（令和４）年６月に施行された改正公益通報者保護法上の内部通報体制整備義務等との関係を交えつつ，具体的に考察した。