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The article informs on the restoration of two turbines at the hydroelectric power station Kaplan turbines at the Sappi paper mill in Gratkorn, Austria by Geppert GmbH. It mentions that optimizations were also implemented on the generators, and the result is an increase in performance in the upper single-digit percentage range and a significantly improved environmental compatibility of the system.

The article highlights the discussion regarding the influx of refugees from Hungary, measures to maintain neutrality, coordination with international organizations, and potential appeals to other countries for assistance. It mentions rumors of Austria's involvement in violating neutrality by supporting the Hungarian uprising through the smuggling of military personnel and volunteers.

Copyright of Studia Historica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article surveys the history of the practice to collect and preserve private archives and personal papers of military officers and civilians involved in military policy and military affairs in the Kriegsarchiv (War Archives) in Vienna, Austria. The author focuses primarily on the period after the Second World War. Topics addressed include the relevance of personal papers to historiographical research on Austrian military history, the collection development philosophy of the Kriegsarchiv, and access control and user services of the archives.

The article surveys personal and family archives, particularly of the Austrian nobility, held at the Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv (General Administration Archives) of Austria in Vienna, Austria. The author explains the rationale behind collecting such archival materials in archives documenting government administrative activities, namely to supplement government records accidentally destroyed over the centuries. Collections mentioned include the archives of the Harrach family, of the Trautmannsdorff family, and the personal papers of former Austrian minister of justice Alexander Freiherr von Bach.

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Copyright of Movements: Journal für kritische Migrations & Grenzregimeforschung is the property of Movements and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bodenkultur: Journal for Land Management, Food & Environment is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bodenkultur: Journal for Land Management, Food & Environment is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GMS Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie is the property of German Medical Science Publishing House gGmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the morpho-syntactic variation of subjunctive II in Bavarian dialect regions of (former) Austria and focuses on language dynamics. The broad empirical basis comes from two different corpora: The first corpus consists of data from the "Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria" (WBÖ), reflecting the base dialects of the first half of the 20th century. These data are supplemented by recent oral data that were elicited in project part 03 "Speech repertoires and varietal spectra" of the Special Research Programme "German in Austria. Variation -- Contact -- Perception" (DiÖ). Combining WBÖ and DiÖ, PP03 data, a real time comparison is carried out. For additional apparent time evidence, the internal variation within the two datasets is taken into account: While in the WBÖ data different registers are compared, variation in the DiÖ, PP03 data is analyzed with respect to different registers and different speaker groups (old vs. young). The WBÖ and the DiÖ, PP03 data provide empirical evidence that the -ad-marker that was initially restricted to weak verbs has exceeded its domain and is universally compatible with all verb classes. In connection with this, there is a decrease of strong synthetic subjunctive II forms. The real time as well as the apparent time findings indicate an increase of analytic subjunctive II constructions at the cost of synthetic forms. Furthermore, we find an expansion of the werdenperiphrasis, while the number of tun-subjunctives declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing. This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria's dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens). Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a northwestern Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Züchtungskunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1940s to 1960s, the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) had a relatively high proportion of former Nazis among its employees. Reasons were a system of uncontrolled chain recruitment and the initially high esteem of "expertise" acquired in wartime. By taking over personnel from various agencies of the Third Reich, the BND acquired various inherent dangers for the institution and its public perception. This biographical micro-study explores, how a Nazi past was assessed within the BND during the Cold War. The process of evaluating individual incriminations allows conclusions about the BND's general perception of staff continuities between the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Herbert Kukuk was an enthusiastic Nazi who made his career in central institutions of the NSDAP. The BND accepted that the 1947 hired employee provided only scanty information about his past and also tolerated obvious contradictions. This was typical for dealing with the Nazi past and did not change when perceptions in society regarding the recent past and the integration of former Nazis changed in the 1960s. Although Kukuk's pre-1945 occupations were known, he was consistently well evaluated and promoted. The Kukuk case makes clear that in the BND, awareness of the Nazi burden set in much later than in West German society, and the learning process, which the BND authorities followed hesitantly, dragged on until the 1980s. Methodologically, this paper emphasizes that biographical micro-studies can provide information about the evaluation criteria state authorities in West Germany and Austria after 1945 applied to an occupational biography during the Third Reich, and thus about changing perceptions regarding the integration of the Nazi functional elites in post-war societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates discursive structures of spoken language in formal and informal communication settings (almost 62 hours of recorded time) of urban speakers in Austria's two biggest cities Vienna and Graz and their surroundings. We focus on so-called bipartite "Operator- Skopus-Strukturen" ('operator-scope-structures'), examining their pragmatic and discourse organising function within specific conversational situations. Our main aim is to offer in-depth analyses of these structures by characterising the mental and communicative status of such utterances. Starting out with a discussion of characteristics of spoken language research, especially by arguing for the replacement of the grammatical concept of sentences with the interactional concept of turn-constructional units, we address the phenomenon of discourse markers and Operator-Skopus-Strukturen in particular. This is followed by the description of our data set and the subsequent analyses and discussion of the selected examples. According to our findings, Operator-Skopus-Strukturen appear in both conversational settings and among all groups of speakers. We demonstrate that all speakers use the structures with the same pragmatic function of giving information to their conversation partner on how to interpret and understand the message behind the utterance. Within this scope, the speaker's intention can vary depending on the conversation partner, the topic of the conversation or the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past studies and prospects of future research on the history of parliamentarism in the Austrian half of the Habsburg Monarchy are the topics of this paper. Until recently, interest in research on parliamentarism has been more or less moderate, and has concentrated mostly on the history of electoral reform, clubs and parties in the Reichsrat’s House of Representatives, and the problem of representation of the Empire’s national minorities. Particularly the latter topic has found attention in the light of revisionist analyses taking up Rogers Brubaker’s concept of„de-ethnicization“. This paper argues in favour of a closer study of the elected parliamentarians themselves, not only taking norms of eligibility into account, but especially practices. It specifically calls for more research on the political culture of elections on the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to define cameralism and political sciences in the context of the second half of the 18th century in the Habsburg Monarchy considering in particular the lands of the Bohemian Crown, to characterise enlightened absolutism and to describe the ideational background and the formation of the scientific basis at the universities of Vienna and Prague. The paper shows that the basic thesis of cameralism that the welfare of the state depends on good and complete legislation, precise compliance with laws and educated civil service in combination with the enlightened philosophy formed the foundation of the modern codification efforts, the formation of tertiary education in economics and administration, legislative regulation necessary for economic welfare of the state, populationism and agricultural reforms. The political sciences, reflecting in terms of content and form the enlightened absolutism, became the theoretical foundation of the reforms of Austrian monarchs Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The paper introduces in more detail the professor and Hofrat, Joseph Sonnenfels (1733-1817) from Vienna, Joseph Ignatz Butschek (1741- 1821) from the Prague University, and some of their economic ideas which reflected in the reforms and measures of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. The paper focuses on agriculture and the proposals for dividing land into lots, the so called Raabschen System, and the formation of Grain contributory fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three university institutes in Austria that focus on journalism research and teaching. The most important of them is the Vienna Institute. In the paper the author primarily orientates on the research of this institute, which has twice as many students as the other two institutes. Research at the Vienna Institute in the field of journalism focuses on the processes of public (media) mediated communication and its infrastructural conditions. This includes, in a comparative perspective, media systems, media organizations and media governance (people involved, processes and forms of the mediation of interests), history of media and communication (history of journalism), informative and entertaining media content, their use and effects, or on a wider scale a conflict and crisis communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In 2001 two graves from the Early Hallstatt Culture were discovered by accident in Rannersdorf. A roughly square chamber came to light under a small burial mound. In an urn were the remains of the cremation of a young woman. A zoomorphic spouted vessel, resembling a sheep, stood in front of two Kegelhals vessels accompanied by two scoop-shaped vessels. Beside the mound lay a further chamber with the cremation of a child, a spindle whorl and pottery vessels. Tis grave was disturbed in the ancient period. In this paper the zoomorphic spouted vessel, the sepulchral architecture and the inventory of the graves are discussed in their cultural and historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare is the property of Vereinigung Oesterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on how the Austrian National Library in Vienna, Austria is working on converting historical documents into digital documents, so that they can be published on the internet. The project is focusing on the daily newspapers that were published in the constituent lands of the Austrian Empire during the reign of the House of Habsburg, an Austrian royal ruling family, and is being financed by the ERSTE Stiftung, a foundation of the Erste Bank financial institution.

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Copyright of Journal für Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht (JMG) is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare is the property of Vereinigung Oesterreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From "Education Instead of Punishment" to the "Hardening of Personality": Psychotechnics and Hereditary Biology in the Austrian "Federal Institutions for Juveniles in need of Education", 1929-1945. This paper provides a historical analysis of the development of "psychotechnics", a branch of early applied psychology, in the context of the Austrian reformatories in Kaiserebersdorf and Hirtenberg from 1929 to 1945. These institutions were founded in 1929 after a juvenile criminal law reform in Austria that aimed to offer education and vocational training to juvenile delinquents. Methods of psychotechnic aptitude testing were implemented to help adolescents find a job that matched their abilities and interests. After the "annexation" of Austria in 1938, the reformatories repeatedly faced the threat of being shut down, but staff members managed to keep them running by adapting their educational, psychological and medical practices to the racial ideology and war politics of National Socialism. This article argues that applied psychology, despite its initial implementation as a tool to help young delinquents, effectively became an instrument for racial and political suppression as well as the war industry from 1938 to 1945. After the collapse of the Nazi regime, Kaiserebersdorf never saw a return of the progressive welfare ideals that stood behind its creation in the first place. Until its closure in 1974, it remained one of the most feared educational institutions in Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1949, many former National Socialists reorganised themselves in the Federation of Independents (Verband der Unabhängigen, VdU) and its successor party, the Freedom Party of Austria (FreiheitlichePartei Österreichs, FPÖ). As the first party leader of the FPÖ since 1955/56, Anton Reinthaller (1895-1958) played a central role in the political formation of the "Ehemalige" (former Nazi Party members). On the basis of the hitherto unused papers of Anton Reinthaller, the present contribution sketches the political career of the founder of the FPÖ from his time as an illegal National Socialist during Austrofascism, his appointment as a Nazi minister in 1938 and his various positions during the Nazi period up to his political biography after 1945. The correspondence, personal notes and court documents contained in his papers not only provide a good overview of the networks and the discourse among former Nazis after 1945, but also allow for the investigation of Reinthaller's position towards National Socialism and his retrospective self-presentations. The early history of the FPÖ is investigated by interlacing organisational history and a biographical approach: In its tension between biographical and ideological continuities on the one hand and the willingness and capability to adapt to different political circumstances on the other hand, the example of Anton Reinthaller reveals a typical "Austrian" perpetrator biography which has not been given much attention by research to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the continuing European integration process, some Austrian cities are still disconnected from the dynamic development in the big metropolitan areas. Being confronted with growing competition and threatened by shrinkage processes, these mostly small and mid-sized cities have to fulfill their role as regional centers and economic growth engines. This is especially true for small towns in the Austrian region of Waldviertel, where conditions have changed dramatically since the fall of the Iron Curtain. Hence, this paper will investigate whether the risk of further peripheralisation has been banned in this formerly peripheral region near the border to the Czech Republic. In this context the paper discusses the main theories and concepts explaining regional development in current literature. It examines the most relevant driving forces of regional economic development stressing the importance of endogenous factors and relational capital. The empirical analysis of the Waldviertel reveals the main characteristics of recent economic and demographic development and tries to identify processes of centralisation and peripheralisation within the region. The main results show a slight improvement of the economic situation in recent years and prove that the rural areas can only participate in growth impulses in the regional centers if they are economically linked to them. Based on these empirical findings, the paper elaborates the role of small towns in strategic planning approaches in Austria and discusses opportunities to offer endogenous strategies for sustainable development. It concludes that territorial competitiveness of peripheral regions needs to be supported by comprehensive and network-based planning approaches on a regional level. English Title: Small Towns as Growth Engines for Rural and Peripheral Regions: the Case of Waldviertel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Öffentliche und Gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen (ZÖgU) / Journal for Public & Nonprofit Services is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Linz was built at the instigation of Bishop Rudigier in 1862 to 1935 during a period of intense controversy between the Catholic Church and the Liberal and the Social Democrat Parties, in which the bishop vigorously participated, as proved by various sources. This paper draws on the minutes of the Upper Austrian provincial assembly and of the town council of Linz as its sources, but also on local newspaper reports. The reports show a gradual shift in focus from the building process towards the cathedral’s function as a memorial building for Bishop Rudigier. After 1918, May Day celebrations were held at the same time as the anniversary celebration of the church’s dedication, leading to tensions between the political camps. After the assassination of Federal Chancellor Dollfuß, a memorial inscription was placed on a cathedral door, causing controversies until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper considers Joseph Conrad's standing vis-à-vis the Germans as well as the reception of his works in the German-speaking area. The analysis focuses on the German policies of publication and the nature of germanophone reviews, research interests, and translation practices - accounting for relevant socio- and cultural-historical contexts. The study attempts to demonstrate the exemplary quality featured by the German appropriation of Conrad's canonical short novel Heart of Darkness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the contribution of the Passau Officialate in Vienna to the Catholization of the rural clergy in Lower Austria from 1580 to 1652. Three Officials (Melchior Khlesl, Karl von Kirchberg, Martin Geiger) were chosen and for their time in office samples were drawn up, naming and quantifying the offences for which parish priests were summoned to the Consistory. In considering the fields of often conflicting forces in the process of Catholization, it became apparent that the Officialate was the weakest player and was limited by the other Catholic players to its role in forming exemplary priests. The Passauer Protokolle documenting the sessions of the Official and his assessors, preserved in the Diocesan Archives of Vienna (Diözesanarchiv Wien) and the Bavarian Main State Archive (Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv) in Munich, serve as the foremost source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the patronage of the sciences by Vienna's liberal bourgeoisie in the days of the late Habsburg monarchy, a period of public and private advancements in all sciences. It specifically focuses on the establishment of scientifically highly successful prizes and institutions within the Vienna Academy of the Sciences. Regarding the research of radioactivity in particular, patronage by founding a new research institution (Institut fur Radiumforschung at the Academy) triggered and incited internationally competitive research. All this came to an end in 1938. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Eugenics aimed at a rationalisation of sexuality and reproduction in order to prevent the birth of children with 'hereditary diseases' or 'genetic defects'. Therefore in a project of scientifical 'social engineering' ideas of health, well-beeing, quality of life and fitness were combined with sentences concerning social recognition and respect. In this paper I will analyse which conceptions of childhood were produced by the eugenic discours in the medical establishment during the first three decades of the 20th century. Which ideals of childhood were beeing quicked by the eugenic project of 'quality instead of quantity' and which consequences followed from this for those children, who were and are not in accordance with this ideals? The data for the analysis are drawn from an examination of articles published in the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, the leading medical journal in Austria between 1900 and 1938. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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