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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Slawistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Info DaF: Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Info DaF: Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Info DaF: Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Information on the War, Violence, and Visual Culture, an annual conference of the German Studies Association that was held in Atlanta, Georgia from October 5-8, 2017 is presented. Topics discussed include violence caused by Napoleonic Wars, violence in wartime architecture, paintings on war and industrial architecture of war.

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Copyright of Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In historical works, one likes to argue with profits or gains. Corporate profits also play a central role in Knut Borchardt's well-regarded thesis that the economy in the middle phase of the Weimar Republic could be described as an «abnormal, in fact sick, economy» and therefore problems had accumulated that were extraordinarily significant on the long run in the collapse of Germany's first democracy. According to this view, excessive wages in particular have caused a compression of those incomes that normally finance investment. A verification of this profit compression thesis is not possible with only commercial balance sheets, as these are considered unreliable due to the large entrepreneurial discretion involved in balance sheet preparation. The situation is different with tax balance sheets: tax law severely restricts the scope for discretion in balance sheet preparation, and tax balance sheets have been subject to scrutiny by the tax authorities since 1925. Therefore, tax balance sheets are considered as a very reliable basis for return calculations. By using all surviving tax balance sheets, Mark Spoerer has presented a study of the return on equity of industrial stock corporations for the years 1925 to 1941. For the years from 1925 to 1929, he concludes that in the «Golden Twenties» the return on equity of industrial stock corporations could not have been more than two to a maximum of five percent. He claims that through his work the profit compression thesis has been empirically verified. So far, there has been no critical examination of this work. The aim of this paper is to make up for this. It is shown that the surviving balance sheets do not allow conclusions to be drawn about the profitability of all industrial joint-stock corporations. On the other hand, it is shown that some tax balance sheets of very large companies, which have been included with a high degree of weight in the calculation of returns, contain considerable errors. In addition, some companies have used special tax rules to transfer the expense of future or previous periods to the years 1925 to 1929. Both – the erroneous accounting and the special tax rules – result in significant understatements of profits in the surviving tax balance sheets. Consequently, the calculated returns cannot be correct. Finally, an outlook is given on the consequences of the results of this paper for the use of tax balance sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dieser Beitrag nimmt die von Strübing und Kollegen vorgeschlagenen Gütekriterien zum Anlass, deren Nutzen aus Sicht der analytisch-empirischen Soziologie sowie umgekehrt die Notwendigkeit analytisch-empirischer Gütekriterien für die qualitative Forschung zu diskutieren. Es werden zwei potentielle blinde Flecken der analytisch-empirischen Gütekontrolle besprochen. Erstens, die Möglichkeit der Theorieschöpfung aus einer reichhaltigen Empirie durch gegenstandsangemessene Methoden und der in der analytisch-empirischen Methodologie vernachlässigten Entstehungszusammenhang; zweitens, ein zu rigider Methodenbegriff. Die Fruchtbarkeit der Vorschläge von Strübing et al. wird hinsichtlich dieser Schwächen diskutiert. Obwohl hinsichtlich des ersten blinden Flecks Verbesserungspotential besteht, sind die Gütekriterien zu unbestimmt und zu speziell zugleich. Sie geben einerseits zu wenige Anhaltspunkte für systematische Methodenforschung und konkrete Gütebestimmung, enthalten andererseits in ihren Begründungen eine inhaltliche Festlegung auf bestimmte Methoden. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags werden ausgewählte analytisch-empirische Gütekriterien diskutiert: 1) die Gütekriterien der Theoriebildung, 2) die interne und externe Validität sowie 3) Transparenz und Reproduzierbarkeit. Analytisch-empirische Gütekriterien beziehen sich auf alle Aspekte des Forschungsprozesses und nicht nur (wie behauptet) auf den engen Bereich der Messung. Die ausgewählten drei Anforderungsbereiche sind konkreten Methoden und auch einer Qualitativ-Quantitativ-Spaltung vorgelagert. Sie sollten daher in einem umfassenden Gütebegriff für die qualitative Forschung stärker berücksichtigt werden. This paper uses the quality criteria proposed by Strübing and colleagues as an opportunity to discuss their usefulness from the perspective of analytical sociology as well as the need for "analytical-empirical" quality criteria for qualitative research. Two potential blind spots of analytic-empirical quality control are discussed. First, the possibility of theory construction from rich empirics through adequate methods, and, more generally, the neglect of the context of discovery in analytical-empirical research; second, an overly rigid notion of methods. The fruitfulness of Strübing et al.'s proposals is discussed regarding those potential weaknesses. Although there is room for improvement with respect to the first blind spot, the quality criteria are too vague and too specific at the same time. On the one hand, they contain too few guiding principles for systematic methods research as well as quality determination in particular cases, on the other hand, their justifications already contain implicit commitments to certain methods. In the second part of the paper, selected analytical-empirical quality criteria are discussed: 1) quality criteria of theory building, 2) internal and external validity, and 3) transparency and reproducibility. Analytical-empirical quality criteria exist for all aspects of the research process and not only (as claimed) for the narrow aspect of measurement. The selected requirements concern a more general level above particular methods as well as the qualitative-quantitative distinction. They should therefore be given greater consideration in a comprehensive list of criteria for qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kommunikation ist das Rückgrat vieler organisationaler Prozesse. Gegenwärtig findet eine zunehmende Virtualisierung dieser Kommunikationsprozesse statt. In der bisherigen Forschung dazu wurde primär auf virtuelle Kommunikationskanäle fokussiert. Soziologische Kommunikationstheorien unterstreichen jedoch, dass Kommunikation durch geteilte Situationsdefinitionen gerahmt wird. Da diese Theorien aber von leibhaftiger Kopräsenz ausgehen, ist unklar, inwiefern soziale Situationen auch virtuell geteilt werden. In unserem Beitrag zeigen wir im systematischen Vergleich von face-to-face Kommunikation und softwaregestützter Videotelefonie, welche Aspekte von Situationen unter den jeweiligen Kommunikationsbedingungen geteilt werden und wie sich die jeweilige Situiertheit auf Kommunikation auswirkt. Diese Analyse macht deutlich, wie eine zunehmende Virtualisierung besonders relevante Formen organisationaler Kommunikation verändert. Der Beitrag trägt somit dazu bei, das soziologische Konzept der sozialen Situation für virtuelle Situationen zu öffnen. Communication is the very backbone of many organizational processes. Currently, there is an increasing virtualization of these communication processes. Previous research on this has focused primarily on virtual communication channels. However, sociological theories of communication emphasize that communication is framed by shared definitions of situations. Since these theories assume corporeal co-presence, it is uncertain to what degree social situations are also shared virtually. In our paper, we use a systematic comparison of face-to-face communication and software-assisted video telephony to show which aspects of situations are shared under each set of communication conditions and how the respective situationality affects communication. This analysis makes evident how an increasing virtualization changes particularly relevant forms of organizational communication. The paper thus contributes to opening the sociological concept of social situation to virtual situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, dass Bibliothekar*innen heutzutage ein verlässliches Instrument in der Hand haben, um auf einen Blick den „Marktwert" eines in Buchform publizierten wissenschaftlichen Gesamtwerkes einzuschätzen. Dieses hier diskutierte und getestete Instrument ist „WorldCat Identities", ein frei zugängliches bibliometrisches Instrument von OCLC WorldCat, das heute in der szientometrischen und bibliometrischen Literatur schon als geeignete Messskala für den Einfluss eines Gesamtwerkes benutzt wird. Gerade für die Geisteswissenschaften und die kontinentaleuropäischen Sozialwissenschaften, wo Zeitschriftenaufsätze noch nicht jene überragende Rolle in der Einschätzung einer wissenschaftlichen Leistung spielen, bietet dieses System ungeahnte und für die Bibliothekswissenschaft strategische Möglichkeiten, sich bei der Objektivierung der Beurteilung der Bedeutung eines Gesamtwerkes einzubringen. Der Beitrag stellt allgemeine Aspekte des Systems „WorldCat Identities" vor und diskutiert anschließend die Anwendung in der Politikwissenschaft. Grundlage ist ein Sample von über 100 habilitierten österreichischen Politikwissenschaftler*innen und Preisträger*innen des Skytte-Preises. The article argues that librarians today have a reliable tool at hand to assess the "market value" of a body of scholarly work published in book form at one glance. "WorldCat Identities" is a freely available bibliometric tool under OCLC WorldCat already used for scientometric and bibliometric literature as an apt instrument to measure the global influence of complete works. Humanities and continental European social sciences, where journal papers do not (yet) play a major role in assessing the academic performance and achievement of researchers, could particularly benefit from this system, which, from the perspective of library science also offers an amazing strategic opportunity to get involved in assessing the importance of a body of work more objectively. The paper introduces general aspects of the "WorldCat Identities" system and discusses its application in political science contexts, based on a sample of more than 100 habilitated Austrian political scientists and laureates of the Skytte Prize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I explore how bio-hybrid forms can be created and combined starting from organic forms. The thesis put forward is epistemological: the combinatorial practice of bionics, biomimetics, biorobotics, and all design strategies inspired by nature is not based on a kind of biomimetic inspiration, i. e., on a kind of imitation of nature, but on a practice of translation. To develop this thesis, I focus on the practices of contemporary biorobotics, first examining the practice of translating natural forms into technical artefacts as developed by Raoul Heinrich Francé at the beginning of the 20th century, secondly, analysing the production of robots capable of replicating complex locomotion systems and, finally, investigating the interaction between robots and living organisms (fish). In the last part of the paper, I reflect on the philosophical payoff and broader conditions of possibility for this translational practice. I discuss when and to what extent a translation of biological forms into biotechnical ones is acceptable and point out the notion of form that underlies this practice. Moreover, I draw attention to the need to philosophically investigate what happens between different domains of knowledge – and especially between science and technology. This article is thus an invitation to philosophers to develop a philosophy in the interstices of knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on specific case studies concerning the representation of the figure of the poor in bishop Gregory of Tours' 'Libri Historiarum'. The analysis of this source demonstrates how the needy, although on the edge of society, nevertheless constituted a significant spiritual resource for those who wanted to ensure the purification from their sins through alms, especially the richest. This constituted a dynamics of reciprocal remuneration through which, on the one hand, the suffering of the indigent was made less arduous by the charity of the divites; on the other hand, the pauperes themselves were believed to act in favour of their earthly benefactors in the afterlife. Although certainly marginal figures, the poor were not, therefore, completely excluded from Merovingian society in the sixth century. Rather, in the Gaul of the 'Libri Historiarum', an attempt was made to offer them adequate assistance thanks to the concrete measures taken by those who, whether lay or ecclesiastical, recognised, as Peter Brown has pointed out, the figure of Christ in every needy. Such benefactors were able to offer help to those who extended their hands to receive alms. At the same time, they earned a credit for the salvation of their souls to enter the kingdom of heaven. The different social function of the poor, as illustrated by Gregory of Tours, finds a full correspondence in the theological and social vision of other illustrious Christian authors of the sixth century, such as bishop Caesarius of Arles and, above all, Pope Gregory the Great. These maintained that, according to divine providence, the inferior pay respect to the superior and the superior show benevolence towards the inferior, thus creating a single concordant harmony. The paper, therefore, highlights the different social functions of pauperes both by studying some specific figures of indigents and by examining the ecclesiastical mentality concerning the general question of poverty and its effects on marginalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Millennium Yearbook / Millennium -- Jahrbuch is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Millennium Yearbook / Millennium -- Jahrbuch is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Millennium Yearbook / Millennium -- Jahrbuch is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on a public relations campaign, started in August 2010, to advertise the book preservation and mass deacidification program at the library of the University of Heidelberg, Germany, which has been funded by the state of Baden-Württemberg since 2005. It describes strategic planning, target audience analysis, marketing concept development, and execution of the campaign, with special emphasis on its Internet-based components.

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Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of ORDO: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ORDO: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Bibliotheksdienst is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)