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Radio astronomy has experienced phenomenal progress in recent years due to advances in digital technologies and processing speed, the development of new technologies, and the prospect for new powerful facilities A new generation of radio interferometers is opening new windows to the Universe. LOFAR, the world largest telescope, extended the classical radio window at low frequencies. ALMA started a new era at millimetre wavelengths and the planned SKA will revolutionize the sciences of the Universe, well beyond the traditional limits of astronomy. Radio astronomy research is making leaps with enhancements in resolution, sensitivity, and image fidelity. In Germany, the community has access to excellent facilities and training opportunities. The Effelsberg telescope remains the flagship of radio astronomical research at centimeter wavelengths and serves as a test bed for new technologies, LOFAR has notably expanded the German community and now includes six German stations and a LOFAR long term archive coordinated by the GLOW consortium. The SKA will be a transformational astronomical facility in the coming decade(s), and the German community is looking forward to broadly participate in SKA-enabled research., Comment: Strategy paper for the Memorandum (Denkschrift) "Perspectives of Astrophysics in Germany 2017-2030" of the German Council of Observatories, online version at http://denkschrift2017.de/; 10 pages including 4 figures and 1 table

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is the most ambitious radio telescope ever planned. With a collecting area of about a square kilometre, the SKA will be far superior in sensitivity and observing speed to all current radio facilities. The scientific capability promised by the SKA and its technological challenges provide an ideal base for interdisciplinary research, technology transfer, and collaboration between universities, research centres and industry. The SKA in the radio regime and the European Extreme Large Telescope (E-ELT) in the optical band are on the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) and have been recognised as the essential facilities for European research in astronomy. This "White Paper" outlines the German science and R&D interests in the SKA project and will provide the basis for future funding applications to secure German involvement in the Square Kilometre Array., Comment: Editors: H. R. Kl\"ockner, M. Kramer, H. Falcke, D.J. Schwarz, A. Eckart, G. Kauffmann, A. Zensus; 150 pages (low resolution- and colour-scale images), published in July 2012, language English (including a foreword and an executive summary in German), the original file is available via the MPIfR homepage

This study examined the educational situation of prisoners enrolled in courses at the FernUniversitat (the German distance teaching university). A survey questionnaire, developed with the help of imprisoned students, was administered to approximately 200 student prisoners. Of the 99 returns, 95 were found usable to base the results of this study. Results included the following: (1) only half of the students had the formal educational qualifications usually required for studying at a German university. About half of the students enrolled for single courses, while the others were either full-time or part-time students of degree programs; (2) the most-cited motivations for studying were in order to make sense of the prison sentence and to improve the chances for getting a job after being released from prison. Some of the students noted preservation of health was cited as an important reason for beginning studies; (3) about half of the students did not get any financial support for their study, and most practical and emotional support came from parents, siblings, friends and teachers in the prison; (4) one third of the students had the opportunity to cooperate with other imprisoned students within the prison; (5) one third of the students had regular contacts with their tutors; (6) very few students were allowed to leave the prison for study purposes; (7) most were only moderately satisfied with their study, but about 75% thought that it helped make their prison time more endurable; and (8) many study problems were cited, partly due to the situation within the prison and partly due to regulations of the FernUniversitat that were perceived as reflecting lack of consideration for prisoners' special circumstances. Contains approximately 100 references. A copy of the survey instrument is appended. (Author)

The European Union's most important challenge is to establish permanent, reliable methodologies and systems that support transparency and recognition of vocational qualifications. The concept of "transparency of qualifications" has replaced "recognition" and "comparability.""Transparency" points to the need to make national qualifications more visible and understandable to outsiders; the introduction of common standards is an unnecessary implication. In the 4 decades since the establishment of the European Community, the problems of recognition and transparency of vocational qualifications have been addressed in various ways. Three distinct stages have been identified: harmonization of vocational education and training (1957-73); approximation of vocational training levels (1974-92); and convergence of vocational training (1992-present). A number of projects with partners from several countries have been set up through the Leonardo da Vinci program to address core elements of the transparency problem. Other initiatives have addressed the problem of recognition and comparison of nonformal skills. Unfortunately, the exchange of information is too weak, interpretation too poor, and mechanisms supporting exchange of information and interpretation insufficiently developed. Two complementary strategies to increase transparency and mutual trust have been suggested: a European Qualifications' Transparency Network and a general system of binding agreements among the European countries. (Page format using three columns offer German, English, and French language versions.) (YLB)

Two studies are reported that investigated the views of Danish secondary school students studying German. The first, an observational study, revealed that the vast majority of questions Danish students posed during German lessons concerned grammar and vocabulary. The second study was a questionnaire that revealed that the Danish students were studying German for largely practical reasons. It is concluded that Danish students want more information on today's Germany, rather than its historical past or its culture, and that German instruction in Denmark needs to be more connected with the present reality of the students. (DMK)

Three papers on the nonconventional literature and social science libraries were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. In "Grey Material: A Scandinavian View," Birgitta Bergdahl (Sweden) outlines the etymology and meaning of the concept of "grey literature" (which can include reports, theses, unpublished conference papers, technical rules and recommendations, translations, articles printed in certain journals, official documents, and industrial advertising literature); describes the results of two 1982 NORDINFO (Nordic Council for Scientific Information and Research Libraries) interlending studies which provided information about grey literature supply and demand in research libraries; and a 1983 NORDINFO study on the availability of grey literature in economics and energy. In "Graue Literatur der Gesellschaftswissenschaften in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Grey Literature in the Social Sciences in the Federal Republic of Germany)," Erwin Heidemann (West Germany--paper in German) outlines the activities of German libraries, particularly government and academic libraries and the Deutsche Bibliothek, in maintaining bibliographic control of German and foreign nonconventional literature in the social sciences, economics, and business. The final paper, "Sozialwissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Social Science Libraries in the Federal Republic of Germany)," by Hildebert Kirchner (West Germany--paper in German), describes German parliamentary, government, law, business, and economics libraries. (ESR)

Six papers on the theme, "Administrative Libraries in a Technological World: Past, Present, and Future--A General Stocktaking and a State of the Art Report" focus on West German telecommunications and information technology and the use of data processing and other technological aids in West German administrative libraries. These papers, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "Conventional Library Work in Administrative Libraries by Means of Modern Technology and Technical Equipment," in which Peter Schweigler (West Germany) outlines applications of "technical aids," such as photocopying machines and electronic typewriters, to the processes of library administration, acquisitions, cataloging, and to user services; (2) "The Statistical Literature Information System (STALIS) of the Federal Statistical Office as Starting-Point of International Networking," in which Hartmut Rahm (West Germany) describes STATLIS shared cataloging, information retrieval, and document delivery services; (3) "Major Developments in Hardware, Software, and Telecommunications in the Field of Information Storage and Retrieval," by D. Morgenstern (West Germany); (4) "Electronic Data Processing in Administrative Libraries: Opportunities, Effects, and Limitation," by Ernst Kohl (West Germany); (5) "Daten- und Textkommunikationsdienste der Deutschen Bundespost (Data and Text Transmission Services of the German Federal Postal Administration)" by Guntram Kraus (West Germany) (paper in German); and (6) "Interactive Videotex Applications in the Library and Information Field: A Look at the Developing West German Scene" by Gary L. Harris (West Germany). (ESR)

Papers on official publications (government documents), automation, and electronic publishing, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "The Automation of Documentation as It Relates to Official Publications and Its Importance in a Developing Country" by Ahmed Fassi-Fihri (Morocco), which describes the planned development of a decentralized computer system at Morocco's National Centre for Documentation; (2) "Electronic Publishing: Impact on Libraries," in which David Russon (United Kingdom) outlines types of electronic publishing and its impact on library equipment purchases, library staff, access to information, archival practices, copyright, and related issues; (3) "The Computerization of Administrative Documents in France and Citizen Information," in which Pierre Pelou (France) outlines the conceptual framework of the computerization of French government activities, the categories of telematically available data, and foreseeable data processing developments in the field of information; (4) "Use of International Documents in Developing Countries," a report by Luciana Marulli-Koenig on a survey of libraries and users in Colombia, Malaysia, and Morocco in order to determine the impact of literature produced by United Nations organizations and the effectiveness of their dissemination and bibliographic control practices; and (5) "Amtliche Veroffentlichungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (Official Publications in the Federal Republic of Germany) by Siegfried Detemple (West Germany--paper in German). (ESR)

Papers on rare and precious books and documents, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "Report on the State of Work on the Union Catalogue of Incunabula (GW) and Progress in the International Cataloguing of Incunabula" by Ursula Altmann (East Germany); (2) "Survey of Incunabula in France--Progress So Far" by Ursula Baurmeister (France); (3) "Census of Italian XVIth Century Editions: A Progress Report" by Maria Sicco (Italy); (4) "The Central Catalogue of Historical Libraries in the Castles of Bohemia and Moravia" by Jaroslav Vrchotka (Czechoslovakia); (5) "Buchmuseen: Ihre Probleme und Ihre Beziehungen zu Bibliotheken" (Book Museums: Their Problems and Their Relationship to Libraries) by Jaroslav Vrchotka (Czechoslovakia--paper in German); (6) "Retrospektive, Maschinenlesbare Katalogisierung in Munchen and Gottingen" (Retrospective, Machine-Readable Cataloging in Munich and Gottingen) by Klaus Haller (West Germany--paper in German); (7) "Technological Advances in Librarianship and Printing and the Teaching of the History of the Book" by Richard G. Landon (Canada); (8) "Computer Technology as Applied to Rare Book Cataloging" by Stephen Paul Davis (United States); (9) "The Curator's Point of View," an outline by Karl Dachs (West Germany) of librarians' and curators' concerns related to rare book preservation and conservation; (10) "The Incunabula Catalog of the Bavarian State Library" by Elmar Hertrich (West Germany); (11) "Progress Report on the ISTC [Incunabula Short Title Catalog]" by L. Hellinga (United Kingdom); and (12) "Der Gegenwartige Stand der Handschriftenbeschreibung in Osterreich" (The Present Status of Manuscript Description in Australia) by Otto Mazal (Austria--paper in German). (ESR)

Selected papers that address theoretical and practical training of the modern language teacher and language teaching experiments in various countries are presented. Some of the articles included are the following: "Les problemes de la formation linguistique et pedagogique des professeurs de francais en Afrique Subsaharienne" (The Problems of the Linguistic and Pedagogic Training of Teachers of French in Sub-Saharan Africa), R. Bastin; "L'enseignant doit-il etre l'objet d'une formation culturelle particuliere?" (Should the Teacher Undergo a Particular Cultural Training?), C. Borga; "Le micro-enseignement dans la formation des enseignants de francais-langue etrangere au Senegal" (Micro-Teaching in the Training of Teachers of French as a Foreign Language in Senegal), G. Dalgalian;"Sulla formazione linguistica degli insegnanti di lingua italiana presso le universita della Repubblica Federale Tedesca" (On the Linguistic Training of Teachers of the Italian Language at the Universities of West Germany), M. De Matteis; "The University and the Training of Language Teachers," L. K. Engels; "Re-training High School Teachers of English in Brazil: The Experience of the Instituto do Idiomas Yazigi," F. Gomes de Matos; "La formation des professeurs de francais a l'universite Bar-Ilan, Ramat Gan, Israel" (The Training of the Professors of French at the University of Bar-Ilan, Ramat Gan, Israel), R. Herzlich; "Linguistics and the Language Teacher," B. Jordan; "La formation et le recyclage des professeurs de langues vivantes au Quebec 1973-1978" (Training and Retraining of Modern Language Teachers in Quebec 1973-1978), J.-Cl. Lavigne; "La formation psycho-pedagogique et methodologique des professeurs de langues vivantes" (Psycho-Pedagogical and Methodological Training of Teachers of Modern Languages), R. Marechal. (SW)

The mathematics and experimental science courses in the programs of the upper secondary school in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) are discussed. The paper addresses: (1) the two "secondary levels" within the FRG school system, indicating that the Secondary I-Level (SI) comprises grades 5 through 9 or 10 while the Secondary II-Level (SII) comprises grades 10 or 11 through 13; (2) developments in SI, examining curricula, syllabi, the introduction of a tenth grade in the Hauptschule, and other topics; (3) recent reform of the Gymnasiale Oberstufe (GYO), the senior high school, discussing mathematics and science requirements, students' science course selection behavior, areas of concern (such as the problem of incorporating more applications in science and mathemematics curricula), curriculum development issues, and related concerns; and (4) vocational education and the "Kollegschule" of Nordrhein-Westfalen as a model for the integration of profession-oriented and general education. The newly organized GYO provides courses which represent a much broader spectrum of subjects, such as informatics and jurisprudence. In addition, subjects are divided into compulsory and optional domains and are assigned to one of three different areas. They include language, literature, arts (area I), social sciences (area II), and mathematics, sciences, and technology (area III). (JN)

The multilingual dictionary of noun valency Portlex is considered to be the trigger for the creation of the automatic language generators Xera and Combinatoria, whose development and use is presented in this paper. Both prototypes are used for the automatic generation of nominal phrases with their mono- and bi-argumental valence slots, which could be used, among others, as dictionary examples or as integrated components of future autonomous E-Learning-Tools. As samples for new types of automatic valency dictionaries including user interaction, we consider the language generators as we know them today. In the specific methodological procedure for the development of the language generators, the syntactic-semantic description of the noun slots turns out to be the main focus from a syntagmatic and paradigmatic point of view. Along with factors such as representativeness, grammatical correctness, semantic coherence, frequency and the variety of lexical candidates, as well as semantic classes and argument structures, which are fixed components of both resources, a concept of a multi-sided prototype stands out. The combined application of this prototype concept as well as of word embeddings together with techniques from the field of automatic natural language processing and generation (NLP and NLG) opens up a new way for the future development of automatically generated plurilingual valency dictionaries. All things considered, the paper depicts the language generators both from the point of view of their development as well as from that of the users. The focus lies on the role of the prototype concept within the development of the resources., Comment: 31 pages, in German language

The safety of streets is difficult to quantify numerically. However, it is possible to sort streets regarding their safety into ordered categories, like safe, neutral and unsafe. In this paper we model the computation of safe bicycle routes as an optimization problem with ordinal coefficients. We describe an appropriate optimality concept for ordinal optimization problems and introduce a solution strategy for ordinal routing problems. Furthermore, we introduce a concept to incorporate safety preferences by introducing weights such that longer path with a higher safety rating are preferred. We apply the concept of ordinal routing to compute safe bicycle routes in Stuttgart, Germany, based on dates from OpenStreetMaps. We show that the choice of the weights does not only represent the trade-off of safety vs. path length, but has also an impact on the number of alternative solutions and thus on the computation time. -- Die Sicherheit von Wegen ist nur eingeschr\"ankt messbar und daher schwierig zu quantifizieren. Dahingegen ist es verh\"altnism\"a{\ss}ig leicht Wege bez\"uglich ihrer Sicherheit in geordnete Kategorien, wie beispielsweise sicher, neutral und gef\"ahrlich einzuordnen. In diesem Beitrag werden Optimierungsprobleme mit geordneten Kategorien formuliert und Optimalit\"at f\"ur diese definiert. Daraus wird eine L\"osungsstrategie f\"ur solche Probleme abgeleitet. Dar\"uber hinaus wird erkl\"art, wie die Abgrenzung zwischen den Kategorien erh\"oht werden kann, sodass l\"angere aber daf\"ur sicherere Wege mit Hilfe von Gewichten berechnet werden k\"onnen. Diese theoretischen Ergebnisse werden in der Praxis angewendet und es werden auf Grundlage von Daten von OpenStreetMaps sichere Fahrradwege in Stuttgart berechnet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine gute Wahl der Gewichte zu weniger L\"osungen und k\"urzeren Rechenzeiten f\"uhrt., Comment: 13 pages in German

This paper addresses the central question of what a coherent concept of probability might look like that would do justice to both classical probability theory, axiomatized by Kolmogorov, and quantum theory. At a time when quanta are receiving increased and expanded attention -- think, for example, of the advances in quantum computers or the promises associated with this new technology (National Academies of Sciences: Engineering, and Medicine, 2019) -- an adequate interpretation of probability, which is no less important, should be given due attention, particularly with regard to quantum theory., Comment: in German language

Record linkage means linking data from multiple sources. This approach enables the answering of scientific questions that cannot be addressed using single data sources due to limited variables. The potential of linked data for health research is enormous, as it can enhance prevention, treatment, and population health policies. Due the sensitivity of health data, there are strict legal requirements to prevent potential misuse. However, these requirements also limit the use of health data for research, thereby hindering innovations in prevention and care. Also, comprehensive Record linkage in Germany is often challenging due to lacking unique personal identifiers or interoperable solutions. Rather, the need to protect data is often weighed against the importance of research aiming at healthcare enhancements: for instance, data protection officers may demand the informed consent of individual study participants for data linkage, even when this is not mandatory. Furthermore, legal frameworks may be interpreted differently on varying occasions. Given both, technical and legal challenges, record linkage for health research in Germany falls behind the standards of other European countries. To ensure successful record linkage, case-specific solutions must be developed, tested, and modified as necessary before implementation. This paper discusses limitations and possibilities of various data linkage approaches tailored to different use cases in compliance with the European General Data Protection Regulation. It further describes requirements for achieving a more research-friendly approach to linking health data records in Germany. Additionally, it provides recommendations to legislators. The objective of this work is to improve record linkage for health research in Germany., Comment: in German language

In this working paper, we turn our attention to two exemplary, cross-media shitstorms directed against well-known individuals from the business world. Both have in common, first, the trigger, a controversial statement by the person who thereby becomes the target of the shitstorm, and second, the identity of this target as relatively privileged: cis-male, white, successful. We examine the spread of the outrage wave across two media at a time and test the applicability of computational linguistic methods for analyzing its time course. Assuming that harmful language spreads like a virus in digital space, we are primarily interested in the events and constellations that lead to the use of harmful language, and whether and how a linguistic formation of "tribes" occurs. Our research therefore focuses, first, on the distribution of linguistic features within the overall shitstorm: are individual words or phrases increasingly used after their introduction, and through which pathways they spread. Second, we ask whether "tribes," for example, one group of supporters and one of opponents of the target, have a distinguished linguistic form. Our hypothesis is that supporters remain equally active over time, while the dynamic "ripple" effect of the shitstorm is based on the varying participation of opponents., Comment: in German language

In this paper, we investigate the computational complexity of solutions to the Laplace and the diffusion equation. We show that for a certain class of initial-boundary value problems of the Laplace and the diffusion equation, the solution operator is $\# P_1/ \#P$-complete in the sense that it maps polynomial-time computable functions to the set of $\#P_1/ \#P$-complete functions. Consequently, there exists polynomial-time (Turing) computable input data such that the solution is not polynomial-time computable, unless $FP=\#P$ or $FP_1=\#P_1$. In this case, we can, in general, not simulate the solution of the Laplace or the diffusion equation on a digital computer without having a complexity blowup, i.e., the computation time for obtaining an approximation of the solution with up to a finite number of significant digits grows non-polynomially in the number of digits. This indicates that the computational complexity of the solution operator that models a physical phenomena is intrinsically high, independent of the numerical algorithm that is used to approximate a solution., Comment: The results of this paper on simulating physical theories on digital computers influenced the article of Holger Boche und Frank Fitzek "Metaverse at the campfire of the future" in Germany's major newspaper, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) (URL: https://www.faz.net/-ikh-aqw8x). Technological challenges for the design of the Metaverse are discussed in this article

This is an unchanged version of an unpublished, ``state of the art'' survey given at a conference held in Stuttgart in 2001 to celebrate the 100th birthday of Richard Brauer. This text was recently quoted in several papers on the period-index problem for central simple algebras., Comment: The survey is in German

Nowadays, Machine Learning (ML) is experiencing tremendous popularity that has never been seen before. The operationalization of ML models is governed by a set of concepts and methods referred to as Machine Learning Operations (MLOps). Nevertheless, researchers, as well as professionals, often focus more on the automation aspect and neglect the continuous deployment and monitoring aspects of MLOps. As a result, there is a lack of continuous learning through the flow of feedback from production to development, causing unexpected model deterioration over time due to concept drifts, particularly when dealing with scarce data. This work explores the complete application of MLOps in the context of scarce data analysis. The paper proposes a new holistic approach to enhance biomedical image analysis. Our method includes: a fingerprinting process that enables selecting the best models, datasets, and model development strategy relative to the image analysis task at hand; an automated model development stage; and a continuous deployment and monitoring process to ensure continuous learning. For preliminary results, we perform a proof of concept for fingerprinting in microscopic image datasets., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures , 33. Workshop on Computational Intelligence Berlin Germany

It is known that there exist mathematical problems of practical relevance which cannot be computed on a Turing machine. An important example is the calculation of the first derivative of continuously differentiable functions. This paper precisely classifies the non-computability of the first derivative, and of the maximum-norm of the first derivative in the Zheng-Weihrauch hierarchy. Based on this classification, the paper investigates whether it is possible that a Turing machine detects this non-computability of the first derivative by observing the data of the problem, and whether it is possible to detect upper bounds for the peak value of the first derivative of continuously differentiable functions. So from a practical point of view, the question is whether it is possible to implement an exit-flag functionality for observing non-computability of the first derivative. This paper even studies two different types of exit-flag functionality. A strong one, where the Turing machine always has to stop, and a weak one, where the Turing machine stops if and only if the input lies within the corresponding set of interest. It will be shown that non-computability of the first derivative is not detectable by a Turing machine for two concrete examples, namely for the problem of computing the input--output behavior of simple analog circuits and for solutions of the three-dimensional wave equation. In addition, it is shown that it is even impossible to detect an upper bound for the maximum norm of the first derivative. In particular, it is shown that all three problems are not even semidecidable. Finally, we briefly discuss implications of these results for analog and quantum computing., Comment: To appear in IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. This paper influenced the article of F. Fitzek and H. Boche "Metaverse at the campfire of the future" in Germany's major newspaper, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/digitec/metaverse-am-lagerfeuer-der-zukunft-18051009.html. Technological challenges for the design of the Metaverse are discussed in this article

The complexity and increasingly tight coupling of supply chains poses a major logistical challenge for leading companies. Another challenge is that leading companies -- under pressure from consumers, a critical public and legislative measures such as supply chain laws -- have to take more responsibility than before for their suppliers' labour standards. In this paper, we discuss a new approach that leading companies are using to try to address these challenges: algorithmic prediction of business risks, but also environmental and social risks. We describe the technical and cultural conditions for algorithmic prediction and explain how -- from the perspective of leading companies -- it helps to address both challenges. We then develop scenarios on how and with what kind of social consequences algorithmic prediction can be used by leading companies. From the scenarios, we derive policy options for different stakeholder groups to help develop algorithmic prediction towards improving labour standards and worker voice. -- Die Komplexit\"at und zunehmend enge Kopplung vieler Lieferketten stellt eine gro{\ss}e logistische Herausforderung f\"ur Leitunternehmen dar. Eine weitere Herausforderung besteht darin, dass Leitunternehmen -- gedr\"angt durch Konsument:innen, eine kritische \"Offentlichkeit und gesetzgeberische Ma{\ss}nahmen wie die Lieferkettengesetze -- st\"arker als bisher Verantwortung f\"ur Arbeitsstandards in ihren Zulieferbetrieben \"ubernehmen m\"ussen. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir einen neuen Ansatz, mit dem Leitunternehmen versuchen, diese Herausforderungen zu bearbeiten: die algorithmische Vorhersage von betriebswirtschaftlichen, aber auch \"okologischen und sozialen Risiken. Wir beschreiben die technischen und kulturellen Bedingungen f\"ur algorithmische Vorhersage und erkl\"aren, wie diese -- aus Perspektive von Leitunternehmen -- bei der Bearbeitung beider Herausforderungen hilft. Anschlie{\ss}end entwickeln wir Szenarien, wie und mit welchen sozialen Konsequenzen algorithmische Vorhersage durch Leitunternehmen eingesetzt werden kann. Aus den Szenarien leiten wir Handlungsoptionen f\"ur verschiedene Stakeholder-Gruppen ab, die dabei helfen sollen, algorithmische Vorhersage im Sinne einer Verbesserung von Arbeitsstandards und Workers' Voice weiterzuentwickeln., Comment: 21 pages, in German

If you want to fill $n \in \mathbb{N}$ seats in succession with $n$ people and the rule that each person chooses one of the seats with the maximum distance to an occupied seat, then you can ask yourself how many possibilities there are for this. In this paper, based on initially mentioned ideas, a formula for the number of these possibilities will be found. In addition, a lower and upper bound for this formula will be given. Finally, formulas for the OEIS sequences A166079, A095236, A095240 and A095912 and an extension of the initial problem are derived., Comment: 21 pages, in German language, 3 figures

Theoretical background: early verbal development is not yet fully understood, especially in its formative phase. Research question: can a reliable, easy-to-use coding scheme for the classification of early infant vocalizations be defined that is applicable as a basis for further analysis of language development? Methods: in a longitudinal study of 45 neurotypical infants, we analyzed vocalizations of the first 4 months of life. Audio segments were assigned to 5 classes: (1) Voiced and (2) Voiceless vocalizations; (3) Defined signal; (4) Non-target; (5) Nonassignable. Results: Two female coders with different experience achieved high agreement without intensive training. Discussion and Conclusion: The reliable scheme can be used in research and clinical settings for efficient coding of infant vocalizations, as a basis for detailed manual and machine analyses., Comment: This paper is in German

Developers have to obtain a sound understanding of existing risk potentials already in the concept phase of driverless vehicles. Deductive as well as inductive SOTIF analyses of potential triggering conditions for hazardous behavior help to achieve this goal. In this regard, ISO 21448 suggests conducting a System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). In this article, we introduce German terminology for SOTIF considerations and critically discuss STPA theory in the course of an example application, while also proposing methodological additions. -- -- Um bereits in der Konzeptphase autonomer Fahrzeuge einen fundierten Eindruck bestehender Risikopotenziale zu erhalten, werden im Zuge von deduktiven und induktiven SOTIF-Analysen m\"ogliche ausl\"osende Umst\"ande f\"ur gef\"ahrliches Verhalten untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in der ISO 21448 die Durchf\"uhrung einer systemtheoretischen Prozessanalyse (STPA) vorgeschlagen. In diesem Beitrag f\"uhren wir deutsche Terminologie f\"ur SOTIF-Betrachtungen ein und setzen uns im Zuge einer Anwendung kritisch mit der STPA-Theorie auseinander, wobei wir begleitend methodische Erg\"anzungen anregen., Comment: The final publication is available at www.degruyter.com, published in at - Automatisierungstechnik, in German

Quantum physics is a long established content in high school curricula. More recently, alternative approaches based on information-theoretical formulations of quantum theory have been discussed, in which conceptual emphases change in comparison to established didactical approaches. In particular, the notions of "superposition" and "entanglement" are brought into the center of discussion in these approaches. Likewise, there is a broad public interest in the new applications of quantum physics such as quantum computing, which has led to a variety of popular depictions. In this paper we identify common inaccuracies and errors in these representations, explain the technical background and make first recommendations to avoid misunderstandings. Our initial focus is on the notion of "superposition". -- Die Quantenphysik ist seit vielen Jahren ein etablierter Inhalt der Oberstufenphysik. In j\"ungerer Zeit werden alternative Zug\"ange \"uber die informationstheoretische Formulierung der Quantentheorie diskutiert, bei denen sich konzeptionelle und begriffliche Schwerpunkte im Vergleich zu etablierten Elementarisierungen ver\"andern. Im Besonderen die Begriffe "Superposition" und "Verschr\"ankung" werden bei diesen Zug\"angen in das Zentrum der Diskussion ger\"uckt. Ebenfalls besteht ein breites \"offentliches Interesse an den neuen Anwendungen der Quantenphysik wie dem Quanten-computer, das zu einer Vielzahl popul\"arer Darstellungen gef\"uhrt hat. In dieser Arbeit identifizieren wir verbreitete Ungenauigkeiten und Fehler in diesen Darstellungen, erl\"autern den fachlichen Hintergrund und machen erste Empfehlungen, um Missverst\"andnisse zu vermeiden. Unser Schwerpunkt liegt dabei zun\"achst auf dem Begriff der "Superposition"., Comment: in German language

Sensor and control data of modern mechatronic systems are often available as heterogeneous time series with different sampling rates and value ranges. Suitable classification and regression methods from the field of supervised machine learning already exist for predictive tasks, for example in the context of condition monitoring, but their performance scales strongly with the number of labeled training data. Their provision is often associated with high effort in the form of person-hours or additional sensors. In this paper, we present a method for unsupervised feature extraction using autoencoder networks that specifically addresses the heterogeneous nature of the database and reduces the amount of labeled training data required compared to existing methods. Three public datasets of mechatronic systems from different application domains are used to validate the results., Comment: A later version of this paper in German language was submitted to VDI Mechatronic Tagung 2021 and will be published in the conference proceedings

This paper presents the development of a real-time simulator for the validation of controlling a large vehicle manipulator. The need for this development can be justified by the lack of such a simulator: There are neither open source projects nor commercial products, which would be suitable for testing cooperative control concepts. First, we present the nonlinear simulation model of the vehicle and the manipulator. For the modeling MATLAB/Simulink is used, which also enables a code generation into standalone C++ ROS-Nodes (Robot Operating System Nodes). The emerging challenges of the code generation are also discussed. Then, the obtained standalone C++ ROS-Nodes integrated in the simulator framework which includes a graphical user interface, a steering wheel and a joystick. This simulator can provide the real-time calculation of the overall system's motion enabling the interaction of human and automation. Furthermore, a qualitative validation of the model is given. Finally, the functionalities of the simulator is demonstrated in tests with a human operators., Comment: in German language