Search

Résumé: Les aliments industriels destinés aux nourrissons (4–12 mois) et enfants en bas âge (1–3ans) (en dehors des laits infantiles et des céréales), dénommés aussi aliments pour bébés, se distinguent des aliments industriels non spécifiques conçus pour les adultes et des aliments courants par des critères stricts de composition et de sécurité sanitaire définis par la réglementation française et européenne. Évaluée en France à 89 666 tonnes en 2011 l’offre commerciale pour ces denrées vise à répondre à tous les besoins alimentaires des jeunes enfants : produits laitiers, denrées salées et sucrées, adaptés à l’âge (composition, texture, portions). Les aliments pour bébés ne représentent qu’une part modérée des apports alimentaires des 4–36 mois. Exprimés en pourcentage de l’apport énergétique total, ils constituent en moyenne 7 % de la consommation à 4–5 mois, 28 % à 6–7 mois, 27 % à 8–11 mois, 17 % à 12–17 mois, 11 % à 18–24 mois. Vingt-quatre pour cent des parents n’en donnent jamais à leur enfant, 13 % 1 à 3j/semaine et 63 % 4 à 7j/semaine. Même chez les gros consommateurs, les aliments pour bébés ont peu d’effets sur la qualité nutritionnelle du régime. Cependant, leur emploi retarde et diminue l’utilisation des aliments industriels non spécifiques, ce qui peut contribuer à réduire les risques nutritionnels et toxicologiques liés à la consommation de ces denrées chez les jeunes enfants. Si ces produits sont bien adaptés aux nourrissons et enfants en bas âge, ils doivent rester des aliments de sevrage et de complément à l’alimentation familiale ű faite maison Ƈ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In a context in which France is closing its borders to job-seeking immigrants and adopting a dissuasive asylum policy, asylum-seekers are viewed with increasing suspicion by the institutions in charge of delivering refugee status. Refugee status has become a rare commodity, and asylum seekers must intensify their efforts to convince institutions of the truth of their allegations. In this context, knowledge (or “know-how”) of psychoclinicians is mobilized by the refugees and their lawyers during the legal process. This paper seeks to understand, on the one hand, the reason why and the ways psychoclinicians are more and more implicated in this legal space and, on the other hand, the political, professional and ethical issues debated within medical NGOs in France concerning this new role and the different ways in which these professionals attempt to resolve them. This paper is based on an ethnographic field study of several months inside several French medical NGOs that offers psychological services to asylum seekers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: His qualities as a clinician and the publication in 1909 of his book, written with his mentor Paul Sérieux, “Reasoning madnesses. Misinterpretative delusional states”, brought Joseph Capgras considerable fame and in the 1930s his ward in Sainte-Anne Hospital in Paris was particularly sought after (one of his residents was Henri Ellenberger who regarded him as his favourite teacher). Howewer, if the name of Capgras is known all over the world, it is because of his description in 1923 of the “syndrome d’illusion des sosies” which now bears his name. Although the isolation of the “Capgras''s syndrome” can be understood according to the initial model represented by the “Misinterpretative delusional states”, Capgras attached far more importance to psychogenesis and phenomena which were, in his opinion, neurologically defective in appearance only. An honourable man in his time, enemy of all dogmatism, Joseph Capgras published many papers on erotomania and showed himself to be a determined adversary of the ideas defended by his famous colleague Clérambault. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Recent studies by Escapad-OFDT show (in France) that the daily consumption and the regular consumption of cannabis have been decreasing in adolescents since 2001. To a large proportion of them, smoking represents a means of integration, which is favoured by the trivialization of these two products. This paper proposes to review the different ways the cannabis is used with a view to identifying pieces of evidence of seriousness in the consumption. It will try to consider the clinical situations a non-addictologist somatologist can (and must) be aware of and through which he may ask questions to the young person concerning his consumption. Once the usage is identified, we will intend to help the practitioner best direct his patient or take into account a potential addiction to the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we present two sites with evidences of ephemeral occupations dating to the Chatelperronian: Labeko Koba IX and Ekain X. In both levels carnivore presence is abundant. For this reason the interactions between humans, carnivores and herbivores are investigated from a taphonomic point of view in order to clarify the origin of faunal accumulation. Lithic industry is also analyzed from different perspectives: raw material acquisition, fabrication system, typology and use. These data have been used to characterize lithic provisioning strategies and to precise the range of activities performed in the site. The combination of thaponomic and industrial data suggest that both sites served as hunting camps. Starting from this interpretation we can assess the territory management strategies practiced during the Chatelperronian and the implication of this in the understanding of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition and the replacement of Neanderthal populations in eastern Cantabrian region and Sud-Ouest of France. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Tayacian was first recognized early in the 20th century by the French archaeologist Denis Peyrony at the site of La Micoque, located in the Department of the Dordogne in SW France. Not long afterwards, later excavations at another site 80 km to the northwest, in the Charente, yielded an even larger assemblage of this type, which was more fully documented by the excavator. It was for this reason that this latter site, Fontéchevade, ultimately become the reference site for the Tayacian. Based on recent excavations at this site by the present authors, however, there are multiple lines of evidence that, taken together, strongly suggest that assemblage present in this cave is largely of natural, rather than anthropogenic, origin. This paper presents these results in the context of the history of the Tayacian and the cave of Fontéchevade itself. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes to define the main characteristics of the burials and the evolution of funeral behaviours during the Neolithic times, between about 5500 and 2300/2200 B.C., in the present territory of Aquitaine. For the moment, no burial was found for early Neolithic. During the middle Neolithic, about 4500 B.C., appear the first megalithic graves, passage graves (Angoumoisin type) and barrow cists, as well as burial caves. Late Neolithic, between 3700 and 2300/2200 B.C. is the great period of megalithic graves. Single quadrangular dolmen (Caussenard type) were built in Dordogne and in the Entre-deux-Mers in Gironde, gallery graves, the “allées d’Aquitaine” as to the “allées girondines” extended in the centre of the Aquitaine country while in the western Pyrénées the single quadrangular dolmen increased. In return, caves and rock shelter were, it seems to me, less prized by the people during the end of Neolithic times to leave the dead. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The radionuclides 26Al and 10Be in situ produced in quartz near the ground surface by secondary cosmic rays can be used for dating the sediment burial. This paper introduces the principles, preconditions and limitations of the recently established dating method. In China its first trial application is to the site of Peking man. The weighted mean of six significant results of samples from layers 7–10 is 770±80 ka. This date provides strong support to an earlier and longer human presence at the site than once estimated. This method has also been applied for the first time to two Lower Paleolithic sites in the Cher Valley, central France, Lunery “la Terre-des-Sablons” and Brinay “la Noira”. The preliminary results attribute ages of 750±240 and 730±210 ka to the two sites, largely consistent with the previous age estimates based on geological and geomorphological studies and on ESR dating. With its well-founded basis in physics, its independence from other dating methods and its timescale filling a “blank period” in radioisotopic dating, the 26Al/10Be burial dating will be widely applied and contribute substantially to the establishment of a reliable timescale for the earliest human occurrence and evolution in China and in Europe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the term “child''s interest” in some aspects of medically assisted procreation. The object of analysis is, on the one hand, French legal regulation of medically assisted procreation techniques and, on the other hand, the state of Polish preparations to conclude the legal process of bioethical law. As there is no legal definition of “child''s interest”, the authors present state of French and Polish doctrine and parliamentary working papers on this subject. The article answers the question whether and how it is possible to refer to the term “child''s interest” in the situation of an unborn child and even more a child who only is to be conceived. The authors especially concentrate their attention on the requirements allowing to apply medically assisted procreation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: This paper considers the specific administrative procedures set up by managers of public healthcare establishments and those responsible for health and welfare policies to care for low-income pregnant women for whom 100% of the “price per act” (T2A) is refunded. What are the limitations and what improvements can be suggested? Patients and method: The results are based on an analysis of data from semi-structured interviews, legislation and documents. Results: The State, health insurance systems, public health establishments, local authorities, charities and outpatient services are involved in handling low-income parturients in different services and different establishments, both locally and regionally. A health and welfare policy comprising specific, coordinated actions and measures has been developed. The T2A “price per act” system may threaten its survival: the limited number of front-line facilities is often saturated and demand is increasing, treatment is often reduced to reactive management leading to unwanted readmissions, ethics are sometimes called into question and there is a risk of patient selection. Discussion and conclusion: This pilot study provided some encouraging information but also indicated the limitations of the approach adopted. However, it was still of interest to see whether it was possible to use this approach, which did not require considerable resources, to reveal useful markers. This appeared to be the case. Regional Health Agencies (ARS) and local authorities could support the system. Additional funding is needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: This article updates the respiratory physiotherapy technique used in France, and the rationale for its use. This paper reports the results of a recent randomized clinical trial that did not show any efficiency of respiratory physiotherapy (using increased expiratory acceleration) in infants hospitalized for a first episode of bronchiolitis. Further trials are necessary for evaluating this technique in infants who are not hospitalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Psychological handicap has become a widespread concept in France after the passing in 2005 of the law 2005-102 “for equal opportunity, participation and citizenship of handicapped people”. A short analysis of French laws and regulations shows that since 1956 French policy about handicap was based on the definition of different target populations, each one being characterised by a specific type of impairment. The new definition included in law 2005-102 is based upon the basic concepts of the International Classification of Functioning. It precludes any definition of target population, much less if based upon specific impairments. The purpose of this paper is to show why in this context, the notion of psychological handicap was the best way to obtain official monies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Conflicting data in the literature justify this review about the flexor retinaculum (FR). Reconstruction of the FR following carpal tunnel open release has been recommended in order to limit the drawbacks of open carpal tunnel release; these drawbacks have been reported in wide series of results published between 1956 and 1988. This paper includes a review of the literature, a survey of the practice of the members of the French society for surgery of the hand (GEM), a self-evaluation of grip strength as well as a summary of indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper engages into a global assessment of statistics and their potential uses, ranging from 19th century accounts of “suicidal acts” by the central services of criminal justice in France, to European comparative data on suicide in the years 2000. The most recent facts and figures about teenagers’ suicides in France are taken into account, thanks to the Inserm records on deaths by suicide and to public polls on suicidal attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In France, gamete donation is based on some fundamental principles such as anonymity, gratuity, and solidarity. In Europe a trend appeared for a removal of anonymity. This paper highlights the reasons for this removal of anonymity, and consequences for the donor''s offspring, the gamete donor, the infertile couples. In particular, an examination of practice shows that removing the anonymity of gamete donation favors maintaining the secrecy of the circumstances of the conception, resulting in inefficiency of the law. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The MEAH, a French national agency working on health services organization, has led a two-year campaign on safety improvement in radiotherapy centers. The pilot project involved three voluntary French cancer centers in 2005 and 2006. Building on the results of this project, a roll-out campaign has been launched, involving more than 50 additional cancer centers from 2007 and on. This paper presents the results of experiences of these campaigns. Notably, the axes of improvement chosen by professionals, such as risk analysis or use of checklists are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Faecal occult blood tests (FOBT) have been established as the most relevant procedure for colorectal cancer screening in the general average risk population. Immunochemical FOBT consists in monoclonal antibodies reacting with the globin of the haemoglobin. These tests provide higher performances than traditional guaiac tests. They do not need any diet restriction and their analytic sensitivity is higher. An increasing number of papers suggest that their acceptance and clinical performances in the general population are more satisfactory than the guaiac test. The use of automated reading allowed to cut the process price making it similar to the guaiac test. The providing of quantitative measure of haemoglobin allows to choose the positivity threshold associated with the best balance between sensitivity, specificity and positivity rate. Comparative studies conducted in France suggest the use of a positivity threshold allowing an increase in both sensitivity and specificity compared to the guaiac tests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Donor and recipient sample biobanks are a precious tool in hemovigilance studies as well as in epidemiological and biological research, in particular with regards to safety against blood-borne agents. This paper describes the main transfusion biobanks existing in France and gives their advantages and limits. The National blood donation biobank, organized for medicolegal reasons, preserves samples of each blood donation for a 5-year period. The biobank of the Blood and Organ Transmissible Infectious Agents (BOTIA) project stocks paired donor–recipient samples with a research objective. Preserved over a long period of time, such transfusion biobanks will be useful in terms of public health, as a reflection of the biological state of a population at a given moment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Evidence of earliest human settlements had been searched in the alluvial formations laid down in the Middle Loire Basin. Many stepped sheets deposited during the successive interglacial–glacial quaternary cycles are studied in four valleys of the Loire tributaries: the Creuse, Indre, Cher and Loir rivers. These sandy remnants are systematically dated, using the Electron Spin Resonance method applied on bleached fluvial quartz. Five settlements which contain very Early Palaeolithic industries with Mode 1 technology were occupied during the Lower Pleistocene. About eighty sites with hand-axe assemblages are observed in Middle Pleistocene remnants; nine of these are described in this paper. The results theorize that the geographical center of France (47°N) would be reached by two influxes of human populations with an interval around 400 years, because major climatic pejorations, particularly at the end of the Lower Pleistocene. These two populations produced lithic industries with many differences in supply of raw materials and in techniques of striking. Not any typologic link had been observed joining the two industrial unities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: In France, an annual seasonal influenza vaccination has been recommended since 2000 for patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Each year, a free influenza vaccination voucher is sent by the French Public Health Insurance authorities to patients with chronic respiratory disease, including severe asthma. In November 2006, this measure was extended to all asthmatic patients, irrespective of asthma severity. The present paper examines the 2006–2007 influenza vaccination coverage rate in 433 asthmatic children aged six to 17 years (mean age: 9.5 years; male: 61%) who consulted a pediatric pulmonologist between March and September 2007 in eight hospitals throughout France. The influenza vaccination coverage rate was 15.7% for the 2006–2007 season (13.9% for the 2005–2006 season and 10.9% for the 2004–2005 season). General practitioners vaccinated 72.1% of the children. Lack of information (42%) was the most frequently reported reason for non-vaccination. Free vouchers (received by 39.6% of the children) significantly increased the vaccination coverage rate (31% versus 5.9%; p <0.001). In France, in 2006–2007, the influenza vaccination coverage rate in asthmatic children was far below the national public health objective to achieve for the year 2008 (at least 75%). Concerted action is needed to improve the influenza vaccination coverage rate in asthmatic children. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In spite of the long tradition of studies on the Neolithic and the monumental architectures in Brittany, the analysis of the territorial behaviour of human communities for this period remains underexploited. The huge amount of available information concerning the Neolithic and the megaliths, as well as the high heterogeneity of data, make it difficult to generalize the elaboration of synthesis dealing with territorial patterns. Through a quite basic archaeo-geographical analysis of topographical-derived variables this paper proposes a preliminary reading of these patterns for the Lorient region (Southwest Morbihan). The conclusions drawn from this reading lead us to consider similar behaviors at the scale of the Atlantic Façade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper contains transcripts and discussion of interviews carried out with the grandchildren of Polish Jews who emigrated to either France or Israel. The interviews show the way in which the grandchildren view their family''s personal story and the way in which these stories were transmitted across generations. The interviews also show how the construction of their identity is linked to a family history, marked by exile and the Holocaust. A comparison between the interviews conducted in France and Israel permits questions to be raised about the impact of the political climate of the country of reception on the issues outlined above. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two recent laws have significantly reformed the French Public Health Code: the law of March 4th 2002, related to the patient''s rights and the quality of the health care system and the law of April 22nd 2005, related to the patient''s rights and the end of life. These changes have prompted health care professionals involved in perinatal and neonatal medicine to update their considerations on the ethical aspects of the end of life in neonatal medicine. Therefore, the authors examined the clauses of the law related to the patient''s rights and to the end of life, confronting them with the distinctive features of neonatal medicine. In this paper, the medical practices, which are either prohibited or authorized in the course of end of life are considered: prohibition of euthanasia, authorization for alleviating pain at the risk of shortening life, authorization for restricting, withholding or withdrawing treatments. Next, the justifications provided by the legislation to authorize these practices are analysed: prohibition of unreasonable obstinacy and respect for individual wishes. Then, the conditions required by the law to determine and to implement these acts are discussed: consultation with the healthcare staff and justified advice from a consulting physician, consideration of parental opinion, registration of the decision and its justifications into the patient''s medical file, protection of the dying patient''s dignity and preservation of his life quality by providing palliative care. Lastly, we report the terms of the ethical dilemma which may occur in the area of neonatal medicine in spite of genuine and persevering efforts in order to conciliate legal requirement and ethical responsibility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: This paper presents the psychometric properties of the French adaptation of the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA), named the Évaluation sociale et émotionnelle de jeunes enfants (ESEJE). Methods: The French adaptation involved translation and back translation and was administered to 179 parents in pediatric well-baby centers and 115 parents in child care centers. Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess for latent factor structure and model fit was assessed using three standard fit indices. Analysis of variance examined age and gender effects on mean domain and scale scores. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a comparable latent factor structure to that reported for the ITSEA. All domains and most scales show adequate intrascale reliability. Certain age and gender effects on mean score differed from those reported for the US sample. Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that the ESEJE shares the same latent factor structure as its English counterpart and may be a promising tool for the early detection of problem behaviors and delays in the acquisition of competencies in a French population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The “expertise” required by article L. 3213.8 of the Code of Public Health is exceptional within the statute of “compulsory hospitalization” (Police-instructed compulsory hospitalisation in France corresponds to the juridical or court-ordered hospitalisation in Anglo-Saxon law). This paper proposes a critical analysis of this “expertise” and of the ensuing situation of pathological criminals based on an extended practice of expertise and taking into consideration the recent evolution of the concept of dangerousness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The “Grappin” or “Saint-Vincent''s” cave, on the western slope of Jura, East of France, has been explored since 1889. From then to 1960, it has yielded substantial material dated to middle “à navettes” Magdalenian developing during the late Pleniglacial. The study of this settlement, although often mentioned, was never dealt with comprehensively until now. Due to its scientific importance for the middle Magdalenian of western Europe, the site is to be reinvestigated through a global interdisciplinary project entitled “The Tardiglacial and the start of Holocene in the Jura and its margins”. This paper will review our present knowledge of the site, radiocarbon dates and archaeological data. It also focuses on ornaments and engraved mobile art. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Negative hands, occasionally with incomplete fingers, are often found in Paleolithic caves but so far have received no definitive explanation. Nowadays they are more commonly seen as the expression of a gestural language. In this paper, we suggest that the negative hands visible in the Cosquer cave and dating from around 27 000 BP could represent counting on fingers. Several arguments are developed to support this hypothesis. Furthermore we also suggest that the dots and dashes often associated with negative hands in numerous caves, might be another, more advanced way of representing numbers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The French quality control is organized by the French Health Products Safety Agency. In 2005, the immuno-hæmatology testing control included the screening of an anti KEL 1 antibody. 17 out of 2639 laboratories (0,64%) answered ‘negative screening’. All laboratories received a questionnaire in order to understand the failure. In this paper the authors present the detailed laboratories'' responses and failure explanations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Closeau''s lower level (Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine) brought evidence of Early Azilian occupations, in which the horse were the main prey. This paper present the zooarchaeological results of the equid''s processing, according to the occupation units 4 and 46. The horse acquisition show that chase–approach hunts were the tactic employed, by a single individual or some small bands. The equids hunts'' repetition testify that such activities took place at different moments of the year, especially in autumn and at the end of winter–springtime. These data allow a better understanding of the reasons that can explain why all phases of the animal processing were found in the inside of the occupation structures. The consumption of horse''s meat and offal seems to take place only partly in situ. The units 4 and 46 can be interpreted as hunting camps, periodically use par Early Azilian bands. Such function of the site may signify that the mobility of these bands could integrated some traits of logistical pattern to a certain extent, but until now their lifeway stay unclear without new discoveries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the psychoanalytic individual psychodrama, as practiced in France within a psychiatric institution. After an overview of historical and theoretical issues, authors present a case report concerning the outcome of an adolescent suffering from schizophrenia, after ten years of treatment. The case analysis highlights the re-investment of mental functioning and the recover of the free association ability. Specially, authors describe the last year of the treatment and the pathways by which main psychical conflicts have been elaborated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A systematic examination of the three major French periodicals which published the majority of paleontological papers in the first part of the 20th century shows that phylogenetic conjectures were rare, in contrast with other countries in the same period. The three journals are compared from the point of view of the number and the nature of the figures that represented phylogenies. The evolution of these figures is also considered. We show that the Annales de paléontologie shared the same attitude as the other journals: a general tendency towards increased methodological cautiousness is observed, with special regards to stratigraphic standards. The results of the inquiry are interpreted in the light of the professional structure of French palaeontology in the first half of the 20th Century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The incidence of hand congenital anomalies in France is about 1000 to 1200 children a year. This paper presents the more common hand abnormalities, and specifies their etiology, their natural history, and their treatment as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

After the previous lacking evidence allowed the interpretation of a non-deposition episod, the newly recorded mammal fauna from Puycelci (Tarn, SW France, close South to the Quercy paleokarstic area) now shows the MP 26 standard level (Late Oligocene, Early Chattian) being represented within the Eastern Aquitaine molassic basin filling. According to the evolutionary stage of known mammal lineages, the most significant Puycelci fossils are the Issiodoromys pauffiensis rodent and the Metriotherium cf. sarelense nov. sp. (described in this paper) artiodactyl ungulate. This new dating exemplifies the improvement of the mammalian biochronologic record as regards both the Quercy paleokarst and the surrounding lacustrine Tertiary basins W, S, and S-E to the Quercy, as well as, directly E and N-E, the smaller tectonic Tertiary basins within the crystalline Massif Central basement. The updated record shows the strong extension in time of the paleokarstic data, down to the Middle and Early Eocene, and up to the Early Miocene. Regarding the classically reported Late Eocene to Late Oligocene span, as well in the paleokarst and the peripheral basins, the available biochronological data now attains a valuable density level, the variation of which is significant. On one side there are periods (Late Eocene, Early Oligocene, Early Late Oligocene) with high biochronologic density, allowing improved time resolution using evolutionary stages within mammalian lineages (e.g. numerical ages). Such periods corresponds to almost continuous sedimentary processes, with only possible short breaks. On the other side, there are periods with unreported data, shared in the paleokarst and peripheral basins (Late Oligocene as best example). Such periods may well correspond to some non-deposition episods as once alleged by geologists. Then the surrounding biochronologic data would bear constraining value regarding these episods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The site of Saint-Prest is located in a karstic depression opened in the upper part of a slope of the Eure Valley. This depression is first filled by periglacial alluvial sands and gravels of the river Eure (very high terrace), then covered by a clayey sand where the interglacial fauna has been found. Above there are two formations: periglacial sands and cailloutis deriving from the plateau-deposits and a sandy loess. This complex older than 800 Kyr, restricted to the depression, is covered by saalian and weichselian loesses. Many papers have been written about the fossiliferous site of Saint-Prest since its discovery one and and half century ago: its age is not far from the upper boundary of the Villafranchian period, and some scholars thought to recognize in it numerous trails of activity from an early man ancestor. A new analysis of the fauna shows that 11 mammalian species are actually present: the Deperet's Mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis depereti COPPENS and BEDEN; the evoluted form of the Etruscan Rhino Dicerorhinus etruscus brachycephalus (SCHROEDER), GUE´RIN; the Stenon's Horse Equus stenonis COCCHI; the Carnute Elk Alces carnutorum (LAUGEL); the Verticornis Deer Praemegaceros verticornis (DAWKINS); a large relative to the Red Deer, Cervus sp. 1 cf. elaphus LINNE´; a small relative to a specifically undetermined Fallow Deer, Cervidae sp. 2 aff. Dama sp.; the Forest Bison Bison schoetensacki FREUDENBERG; the large European Hippo Hippopotamus major CUVIER; the Boisvillette's giant Beaver Trogontherium cuvieri boisvilletti (LAUGEL); the Short-faced Hyeana Pachycrocuta brevirostris (AYMARD). The mammoth is the most common species (174 remains), followed by the Rhino (21 remains) and the forest Bison, other Mammals being always less than 10 remains each. Saint-Prest is the type-locality for three of these taxa, the mammoth, the Elk and the Giant Beaver. Such a fauna allows us to date the site from the MNQ 20 standardzone, with an absolute age of roughly 1 My. The mammalian community of Saint-Prest clearly indicates an open forest landscape under a temperate wet climate, near a river (Eure). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Paris area is a complex urban area where 12 million people are living. This complexity is also encountered by the parents of children or the adults with autism or others Pervasive Developmental Disorders. More specifically it could be difficult for them to get a diagnosis or to find the right way to get measures really appropriate to their situations. To help them a specific structure called “Centre de Ressources Autisme Île-de-France” (CRAIF, Center for Resources in Autism, Paris Area) was created in 2004. Several professionals (librarian, social worker, psychologist, doctor, management secretary and manager) try to give information or advice in various manners (phone, mail, e-mail, visiting…) to the people (families or professionals) searching help. In this paper we report the various missions of this institution and the way its professionals try to answer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: French regulations for blood transfusion and the aims of quality insurance policy of the French National Blood Service (EFS), impose the analysis and the control of the whole blood manufacturing process. The methods of hazard analysis are tools used to evaluate the reliability of processes and to mention their critical points. These techniques take part in a broader concept of hazard control. This control imply that hazards have been analysed and evaluated in the aim to set up the best procedures for improving the reliability of blood manufacturing process. The hazards which are analysed can be « real » hazards leading to a reactive approach, or « potential » hazards, leading to a preventive approach. This paper presents the main steps of the methods which are used for hazard analysis, and some situations in blood manufacturing where these methods can be applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]