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Eleven papers delivered at the annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Management and Technology are presented. Some were presented at a roundtable on audiovisual media, and others are from sessions on library buildings and equipment, information management, and statistics in library management. The following papers are included: (1) "Sound Archives in All India Radio" (H. M. Joshi); (2) "International Market for Spoken Books" (V. Arora, I. Bell, and M. Jenkins); (3) "Talking Books in Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish, and Urdu" (S. Tastesen); (4) "Library Building in the Tropics: The Saint Martin Experience' (B. Hodge); (5) "Model Architectural Design of a Library: Advantages and Defects of the Soviet Experience" (A. Zimonenko); (6) "Automated Strategies for Social Development" (K. S. Oswalt); (7) "Computer and Software for Information Services: An Overview of Mexican Progress" (J. Lau and M. Castro); (8) "Adapting Technologies for Library Processing Projects: Africa, Asia, and South America" (A. R. Pierce); (9) "Librarianship: Profession, Semi-Profession or Mere Occupation?: Surveying the Process of Change and Development in British Librarianship Today" (M. Freeman); (10) "Probability, Statistics and Library Management" (S. K. Basu); and (11) "Le Mesure de la satisfaction des usagers: Statistiques et enguetes aupres du public" (M.-D. Heusse) (French text). (SLD)

Fifty-five information science educators, administrators, and specialists from 22 countries assembled to discuss and debate the following themes: identification of characteristics of work done in the information sector; analysis of the educational needs of the information professional; the role of information professionals in national development; standards and measurements of supply and demand; qualitative, quantitative, and a mixture of methods; research of the "ideal profile" of information, library, and archives professionals; planning for future demands in the information sector. The objectives of the seminar were: (1) to define a conceptual and historical framework; (2) to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different methods; (3) to report on experiences using different methodologies; and (4) to define the background questions posed to elicit observations and suggestions to make the process work. There were seven sessions: (1) "Approches conceptuelles" ("Conceptual Approaches"); (2) "Le marche de l'emploi du secteur de l'information dan les pays en developpement" ("The Information Sector Employment Market in Developing Countries"); (3) "Exemples concrets de planification de la main-d'oeuvre du secteur de l'information et de la communication" ("Concrete Examples of Labor Planning in the Information and Communications Sector"); (4) "Methodes quantitatives: Problemes et applications" ("Quantitative Methods: Problems and Applications"); (5) "Enguetes sur la mair-d'oeuvre et l'emploi dan le secteur bibliotheques" ("Investigations on Labor and Employment in the Library Sector"); (6) "Aspects methodologiques de l'evaluation de la main-d'oeuvre dans le secteur des sciences de l'information et de la bibliotheconomie" ("Methodological Aspects of Evaluation of the Work of the Information Science and Library Science Sector"); and (7) "Quelles consequences pour la formation" ("What Consequences for Education?") (JKP/DGM)

The nine papers in this booklet were presented at three sessions of the IFLA General Conference. The text of the first paper, "Presidential Address at the Opening of the IFLA Council and General Conference: Moscow 1991" (Hans-Peter Geh, President of IFLA), is provided in English, German, and Russian. The text of the second paper, "Libraries and Culture," (N. N. Gubenko, Minister of Culture of the USSR) is provided in English, French, and Russian. Six of the seven remaining papers, which include four reports on IFLA's professional activities, are presented in English: (1) "IFLA Core Programme for Universal Availability of Publications (UAP). Medium Term Programme 1992-1997" (Graham P. Cornish); (2) "The Medium-Term Programme 1992-1997 of the UBCIM Core Programme" (Marie-France Plassard); (3) "Medium Term Programme 1992-1997. Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications Core Programme" (Leigh Swain); (4) "The Medium Term Programme 1992-1997 of IFLA's Core Programme for the Advancement of Librarianship in the Third World--ALP" (Birgitta Bergdahl); (5) "Chinese Libraries for the Promotion of International Cultural Exchange and Cooperation" (Li-Yi-Ti, China); and (6) "National Identity and International Knowledge: The Library's Bridging Role" (Alan E. Smith, New Zealand). The final paper, "Aculturacion y Bibliotecas: Analisis y Propuestas de Actuacion" (J. Fuentes Romero, Spain), is presented in Spanish. (MAB)

The 15 papers in this collection include opening remarks, reports on core programs of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), and papers from a contributed papers session. Contents are: (1) "Opening Speech of the IFLA General Conference: Stockholm 1990" (Hans-Peter Geh), in German, with an English translation; (2) "The IFLA Core Programme for the Universal Availability of Publications (UAP)" (David Bradbury and Graham P. Cornish); (3) "Core Programme on Preservation and Conservation (PAC), Report to the Open Forum for the IFLA Core Programmes Sunday, 20 August 1990" (Merrily A. Smith); (4) "IFLA UDT (Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications) Core Programme, Open Forum 1990" (Leigh Swain); (5) "How Does a National Library with a Triple Function Operate?" (Martina Sircelj); (6) "The Threat of Illiteracy in Developing Countries: Challenges and Reality" (N. G. Naidu); (7) "Libraries as Partners in the Fight To Eradicate Illiteracy in Sub-Saharan Africa" (Kosi A. Kedem); (8) "Un outil de transfer des connaissances entre le Nord et le Sud: la Banque internationale d'information sur les Etats francophones (BIEF)" (BIEF--The International Bank of Information on French-Speaking Countries--A North-South Knowledge Transfer Tool) (Suzanne Richer); (9) "Das Kalmarmodell: die Bibliothek als informatives und padagogisches Werkzeug im Schulunterricht" (The Kalmar Model: The Library as Information and Teaching Tool in School Instruction) (Brigitte Kuhnel); (10) "Telecottages--Inside or Outside Libraries?" (Tuula Haavisto); (11) "Libraries and Social Structure" (Bengt Goransson); (12) "Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme" (Marie-France Plassard); (13) "Opening Address to the 56th IFLA General Conference" (Wolfgang Lohner); (14) "How To Nominate Members for Standing Committees, 1991" (Hope Clement); and (15) opening remarks (in German) by Lars-Erik Sanner. (MAB)

The five papers in this collection examine the existing trends in the use of microcomputers in educational planning and management. In the first paper, "Reflexions sur l'Ordre du Jour" (French), Michel Saint-Germain addresses contextual factors surrounding the use of computers, priorities that must be accounted for before developing new software applications, and issues related to joint cooperation. In the second paper, "Computer (Software) Applications to Educational Planning and Management," Brent Edward Wholeben discusses trends in planning and management, priorities for software design and development, and cooperation between universities and specialized research centers. The education policy for international computing survey (in English and Spanish) is included. In the third paper, "Computer-based Educational Planning and Management in Africa: Current Trends," Boubacar Camara focuses on the growth of statistical applications and statistical databases, the design of information systems, and training workshops in computer literacy. In the fourth paper, "Software Application to Educational Planning: Notes on the Agenda," Habib Khan focuses on software applications to educational planning and the design and implementation of Education Management Information Systems. In the fifth paper, "Software Priorities for Educational Planning," Luis Valadares Tavares outlines the process of educational planning and notes the facets of that process that may be supported by appropriate software. (DB)

Presentations from a colloquium on applications of research on natural languages to computer science address the following topics: (1) analysis of complex adverbs; (2) parser use in computerized text analysis; (3) French language utilities; (4) lexicographic mapping of official language notices; (5) phonographic codification of Spanish; (6) electronic dictionaries; (7) specialized linguistic programs; (8) text difficulty; (9) linguistic variation and formalization in Quebec French; (10) French text generation software; (11) consequences for parsing of heterogeneity and insertion in sentences; (12) language utilities; (13) interaction of orthographic and phonological representations in reading; (14) automatic phoneticization of French texts; (15) computerized content analysis; (16) description of natural languages with a view to computer applications; (17) software to aid in the conception of deontic knowledge bases; (18) software for computer-assisted text generation; (19) organization of segment lengths in syllabic rhyme; (20) a language utility for public administration; (21) French prosody; (22) interactive treatment of documents; (23) transcription of oral corpuses from a comparative perspective; (24) a linguistic work station; (25) universal applicative grammar; (26) and the speed of synthesized speech. Other papers are abstracted only. (MSE)

This report contains an introduction and six presentations from a seminar on adult education and work. The introduction by Paul Belanger and four of the papers are in French; the other two are in English. The papers are "The Expansion of Adult Education and Training in Europe: Trends, Explanations, and Challenges" (Albert Tuijnman); "Analyse de tendances caracteristiques des transformations de la demande en education des adultes dans les societes industrialisees [Analysis of trends in the changed demand for adult education in industrialized societies]" (Paul Belanger); "Education des adultes, formation professionnelle continue et processus d'exclusion: interrrogations et pistes de recherche [Adult education, continuing professional development and the process of exclusion: inquiries and paths of research]" (Claude Dubar); "Les enjeux de l'utilisation de l'education des adultes dans les programmes de la reduction de chomage en Grande Bretagne [What is at stake in the use of adult education in programs for reducing unemployment in Great Britain]" (John Field); "Access to Employment of Unemployed Young People: Requisites and Prerequisites" (Saul Meghnagi); and "Division internationale du travail et politique educative [The international division of labor and educational policy]" (Ettore Gelpi). Each presentation is followed by a list of references. (YLB)

This collection contains three papers providing an introduction to the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) Core Programs, four contributed papers, and two Plenary Session papers: (1) "The Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging Formats) Program" (Winston D. Roberts); (2) "Le Programme d'acces universel aux publications de l'IFLA (IFLA's Universal Access Program)" (Marie-France Plassard); (3) "IFLA Universal Dataflow and Telecommunications (UDT) Core Programme: IFLA Open Forum 1989" (Leigh Swain); (4) "Searching the Image Data Bank of the Bibliotheque Publique d'Information at the George Pompidou Center via the NUMERIS Network: Economic Aspects" (French and English versions; Luce-Marie Albiges); (5) "Library Funding and Economics: A Framework for Research" (Yale Braunstein); (6) "La Planificacion como incentivo de financiacion de bibliotecas publicas (Planning as an Incentive in Financing Public Libraries)" (Natividad Correas and Magdalena Vincent); (7) "Can we run libraries without books and journals?" (John Davies); (8) "Quelques problemes dans l'implantation de systemes d'information avances dans des pays en voie de developpement (Some Problems Involved in the Installation of Advanced Information Systems in Developing Countries)" (James Robredo, Tania Maria Botelho, and Murilo B. da Cunha); (9) "Priced Business Information Services from the Public Sector: Will They Succeed?" (Sheila A. E. Webber); (10) "Presidential Address: Paris 1989" (German and English versions; Hans-Peter Geh); and (11)"Libraries, Information, Economics" (Jacques Michel). (SD)

Of the 11 papers in this collection, three are in German and in English translation; one is in French with an English translation and two are in French only; one is in Spanish with an English translation; and four are in English. The papers include: (1) "Europaische Bibliotheksinitiativen = European Library Initiatives" (Gunther Pflug); (2) "Die Zusammenarbeit Wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken in den Sozialistischen Landern = The Cooperation of Academic Libraries in the Socialist Countries in Europe" (Radoslaw Cybulski); (3) "National Libraries in a Time of Change" (Maurice B. Line); (4) "Was Ist eine Nationalbibliothek? = What Is a National Library?" (Gunther Pflug); (5) "The National Libraries of Southern Europe: Present Situation and Probable Development" (Maria Luisa Cabral); (6) "La situation des bibliotheques universitaires au Portugal = The Situation of the University Libraries of Portugal," (Maria Jose Moura, in French only); (7) "Las Bibliotecas de Investigacion y el Sistema Espanol de Bibliotecas = The Research Libraries and the Spanish Library System" (Jeronimo Martines Gonzales); (8) "Automation et Cooperation dans les Bibliotheques Universitaires Italiennes = Automation and cooperation in Italian university libraries" (Giovanni Solimine, in French only); (9) "Guidelines for the Security of Loan Exhibitions" (Henry J. Heaney); (10) "'The Many and the One': Implications of Conspectus Building for Individual University Libraries" (David H. Stam); and (11) "Progress Report on 'The Legislation of the National Libraries of the Countries of the World' for the Period from April 1987 to July 1987" (Lenin State Library of the USSR). (MES)

The three papers in this collection were presented at the opening of the conference and the plenary session. The first is the "Presidential Address: Brighton, 1987 = Eroffnungsansprache zur IFLA Generalkonferenz Brighton 1987" (Hans-Peter Geh). These remarks by the President of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) address the theme of the conference--"Library and Information Services in a Changing World"--with: (1) special attention to a view of IFLA since its founding in 1927; (2) recognition of the 110th anniversary of the British Library Association and the appropriateness of holding the conference on British soil; (3) the wide-ranging activities in library work in the Third World by IFLA; (4) education of the present-day librarians who must adapt to a rapidly changing social and technological environment; (5) new professional fields presenting new job possibilities; and (6) a summary of discussions concerning closer coordination between the professional work done in the Sections and Core Programs. Also included in this collection are: "Preservation Is Justified by Access" (Alexander Wilson, formerly of the British Library, United Kingdom), and "Is the Library a Source of Information in the Developing Countries? = Bibliotheque, Source d'information dans les pays en developpement?" (K. M. Aithnard, Director General, New African Editions, Togo). Two of the papers are given in both the original language and English. (CGD)

The first of 12 papers in this collection is printed both in the original language--French--and in English translation: (1) L'harmonisation de la formation: considerations theoriques et pratiques = Harmonization of Education and Training: Theory and Practice" (Yves Courrier); other papers include (2) "Information Management: A New Focus for Integration?" (Tom Wilson); (3) "Education for Public Librarianship: The Crisis and the Challenge" (Bob Usherwood); (4) "Trends in Delivery Systems for Distance Learning" (Darlene E. Weingand); (5) "Meeting and Supporting Learners' Needs in Distance Education" (Carmela Ruby); (6) "Back-up Resources for Distance Learning: Overview and Examples from the Dutch and British Open Universities" (Sheila Dale and Guus Schippers); (7) "Research on Library Users" (Helena Kolarova-Palkova); (8) "Social Motivation in Reading" (Jadwiga Kolodziejska); (9) "Bibliopsychological Dimensions of the Reading Experience" (Sylva Simsova); (10) "W(h)ither Research?" (Clifford Harris); (11) "Promoting Research through Library Associations" (Robert Wedgeworth); and (12) "Distance Learning in Library and Information Science Education--The British Example" (P. Havard-Williams). (MES)

Four of the 10 papers in this collection are presented in the original language, i.e., either French or German, and English translations are provided for two of them. The papers are: (1) "UAP (Universal Availability of Publications) and Its Relation to Research and Education" (Maurice B. Line); (2) "Zehn Jahre IFLA-Abteilung Ausbildung und Forschung = Ten Years of the Division of Education and Research) (Paul Kaegbein); (3) "La culture orale et les bibliotheques (Oral Culture and Libraries)" (Raphael Ndiaye) (in French only); (4) "Bibliotheks-und Buchgeschichte als Teil der Bibliotheksforschung und Geschichtswissenschaft: Ein Uberregionales Forderungsprogramm (Library and Book History as a Part of Library Research and the Science of History: An Interregional Promotional Program)" (Joachim-Felix Leonhard) (in German only); (5) "Des Geschichte der IFLA als Forschungsgegenstand-Herausforderung und Verpflichtung = The History of IFLA as a Research Theme: Challenge and Commitment" (Klaus Plotz); (6) "Scholarly Writing and Desktop Publishing" (Michael D. R. Lougee); (7) "IFLA and Professional Communication" (Roland Hjerppe); (8) "Brief Summary on the Bibliothecological Researches in Cuba" (Marta Terry); (9) "Education and Research in Preservation and Conservation" (Josephine Riss Fang); and (10) "Computer Networks as a Publication Medium: Implications for Libraries" (Roland Hjerppe). (MES)

This volume contains 22 conference papers concerned with Algonquian languages and culture: (1) "Cheyenne Vowel Devoicing," by W. Leman and R. Rhodes; (2) "An Analysis of Upper Delawaren Land Sales in Northern New Jersey, 1630-1758," by R.S. Grumet; (3) "Ethnology in the Works of Rowland E. Robinson," by G.M. Day; (4) "The Red and Blue Drum Comes to the Delaware," by J.H. Howard; (5) "Penobscot County: Disagreement over Who Lived There in the 17th Century Needs Resolving -- if Possible," by A.H. Morrison; (6) "L'Algonquin du Nord," by D. Daviault et al.; (7) "Ethnographic Reconstruction of Witigo," by R.J. Preston; (8) "The Sutaio Dialect of Cheyenne: A Discussion of the Evidence," by I. Goddard; (9) "Concepts of America, Amerindians, and Acculturation," by C.J. Jaenen; (10) "Did the First Eskimos Speak Algonquian?" by J.G. Taylor; (11) "A Historical Overview of Cree Dialects," by D.H. Pentland; (12) "Toward the Linguistic History of an Algonquian Dialect: Observations on the Wood Vocabulary," by G.F. Aubin; (13) "Tradition Orale et Action Politique Montagnaises: le Cas de la Riviere Natashquan," by S. Vincent; (14) "Game Shortage and the Inland Fur Trade in Northern Quebec, 1915 to 1940," by A. Tanner; (15) "Algonquin and Other Ojibwa Dialects: A Preliminary Report," by G.L. Piggott; (16) "Indians and Englishmen as Themselves: Notes for an Inquiry into Basic Biases," by P.L. Barbour; (17) "Antipassive in Blackfoot," by D.G. Frantz; (18) "Some Contemporary Views of Micmac Supernaturalism," by V.O. Erickson; (19) "An Overview of Recent Micmac Language Research and Development," by P. Levi, Jr. and M. Milliea; (20) "Aspects de la Neologie Denominative en Montagnais," by L. Drapeau; (21) "The Probability of Family Hunting Territories in Eighteenth Century James Bay," by T. Morantz; and (22) "L'Alternance N/Yod en Mushuau Innu," by A. Ford. (AM)

Materials for acquiring minimal communicative competence have to serve a double purpose: learning of comprehension on the one hand and of expression on the other. Because there is so little available data on the exact nature of the communicative function of language, it is difficult to construct authentic communications. CINAO (a beginning course in English for adults) uses brief excerpts from video and sound recordings that are motivating in content and that can serve the double purpose mentioned above. Practice with these "texts" leads to the acquisition of rules of language function in verbal communication and to the ability to use these rules in order to understand the communication. Because they lack necessary vocabulary, beginning students would have difficulty using these internalized rules to produce their own communications. Therefore, CINAO divides production and comprehension activities. In a first level, students use the recorded excerpts to learn and use rules for each activity separately. In a second level, they learn to use the rules internalized during the first stage, not from existing documents but by constructing their own situational dialogues under the guidance of a native speaker. Use of such materials would be facilitated by a network for the exchange of materials, availability of the proper equipment, and provision for usage by students outside of class. A two-part lesson outline completes the essay. (AMH)

The four papers in this collection report on geography and map libraries: (1) "Changing Patterns of Map Availability" (C. R. Perkins and R. B. Parry, United Kingdom), which presents the results of a three year survey into the state of world mapping, a discussion of the implications of changing patterns of map availability for map library acquisitions, an evaluation of worldwide availability of conventionally published mapping, and a statement of conclusions regarding this availability; (2) "L'automatisation au Departement des Cartes et Plans de la Bibliotheque nationale (Automation in the Department of Charts and Maps in the National Library)" (Pierre-Yves Duchemin, France), which appears only in the original French; (3) "Online Bibliographic and Circulation Systems: The Illinois Example" (David Cobb, United States), which discusses the recataloging project of the University of Illinois Map and Geography Library, supported by a Title II-C grant; and (4) "CARTO-NET: Graphic Retrieval and Management in an Automated Map Library" (Barbara Morris, United Kingdom), which provides descriptions of CARTO-NET, a fully functioning, automated map cataloging and retrieval system, and a study of the feasibility of setting up a cooperative map cataloging network. (CGD)

The six papers compiled here cover topics related to government publications and bibliography. In "The Impact of the Use of New Technology in Government Publishing on Libraries," Bernadine E. Abbott Hoduski discusses the impact of the use of new technology by government publishers on the dissemination of government information to libraries, particularly depository libraries. In "L'impact des nouvelles technologies sur les publications officielles" (The Impact of New Technologies on Official Publications), Pierre Pelou points out that the quality of information services is determined not by the use of new technologies, but by the ways in which the librarian utilizes them to meet the information needs of users. In "Government Publications and the Concept of Rarity," Richard Landon considers the concept of rarity in terms of government publications and provides several examples of the scope of rare government publications. In "Survey of Bibliographic Services of International Intergovernmental Organizations: A Progress Report," Sylvie Jacque provides a progress report on a project which is updating an inventory of major bibliographic sources of intergovernmental organizations and conducting a survey of such materials in depository libraries. In "The International Bibliography: A Review," Nellie S. C. Moffitt examines the development of the "International Bibliography," a bibliographic quarterly for intergovernmental publications. In "Bibliographic Control, Use, and Reference Service for United Nations Publications in an Academic Library," Alfred Kagan discusses problems affecting access to United Nations documents. (MES)

Two of the papers on national bibliography compiled here are printed in the original language as well as English translation: (1) "Le Congres de Paris sur les bibliographies nationales et ses recommendations: dix ans apres, objectifs partiellement atteints" = "The Paris Congress on National Bibliographies and Its Recommendations: Ten Years Later, Objectives Partially Achieved" (Marcelle Beaudiquez); (2) "The Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) Contribution to the Development of National Bibliographies" (Barbara Jover); (3) "Progress, Problems and Prospects in Current National Bibliographies: Implementations of the ICNB [International Congress on National Bibliographies] Recommendations" (Barbara L. Bell); (4) "Die Anwendung von Klassifikationssystemen in Nationalbibliographien" = "The Usage of Classification Systems in National Bibliographies" (Barbara Kelm and Walther Traiser); (5) "The Future of the National Bibliography" (P. R. Lewis); and (6) "Development of the Tanzania National Bibliography since the 1977 Congress on National Bibliographies" (Theophilus E. Mlaki). (MES)

Papers on library buildings and equipment which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Changes in Library Buildings" (H. Faulkner-Brown, United Kingdom), which defines a desirable library building as being flexible, compact, accessible, extendable, varied, organized, comfortable, constant in environment, secure, and economic, and considers the effects of social and technological change on library buildings; (2) "Construction d'un Centre de Documentation Scientifique et Technique" (The Construction of a Center for Scientific and Technical Documentation) (J. P. Sakoun, France), which discusses the need for such a center in France, the decision of the French government in 1984-85 to establish a center using the Centre Nationale de Recherches Scientifiques (CNRS) as a base, the architectural competition to design a building in Nancy for the new center, and the winning design; and (3) "Modern Technology and Traditional Methods of Library Activity," by V. M. Krasil'shchikova of the USSR, which discusses the unity of traditional "book" technology and modern technology in libraries in the Soviet Union. Architectural drawings for the CNRS center are included. (KM)

Presentations at this seminar on distance education focused on the different types of speech in multimedia presentations which contribute to the elaboration (simulated or substituted) of a situation involving different relationships. In addition to opening and closing remarks by Marcel de Greve and a final report by the Scientific Committee of DIMED 86, 24 papers are presented: (1) "Recit Litteraire et Recit Televisuel: Une Concurrence Loyale" (Claude de Greve); (2) "Fiction Audio-Visuelle et Enseignement a Distance" (Luis de Pina); (3) "La Classe de Suggestopedie et les Comportements Non Verbaux des Ensignants" (Maria Clara Ferrao Tavares); (4) "Caractere Conversationnel du Medium Ecrit dans l'Enseignement a Distance" (Alice Gouveia and Edite Ferreira); (5) "La Contraction du Temps" (Rocha Trindade); (6) "Un Laboratoire de Langue des Annees 80" (Arnout Horemans); (7) "Lecture Semiotique d'un Cours Universitaire Televise: Diversite et Complementarite Discursives des Medias en Situation d'Enseignement a Distance" (Renee Legris); (8) "Videogramme Didactique et Operation d'Intellection" (Monique Mahieu); (9) "La Simulation: Un Outil a Integrer dans l'Enseignement" (Louise Sauve); (10) "Des Perceptions Oubliees" (Maria Emilia Ricardo Marques); (11) "Contribution a l'Elaboration d'un Modele de Perception du Discours" (Dulce Rebelo); (12) "Antenne Ouverte: Animation, Imaginaire et Creativite" (Vasco Granja); (13) "Language Teaching by Video: Spontaneous Language at Beginners' Level. Presentation of a Technique for Indirect Elicitation of Language" (Eva dam Jensen); (14) "How Not to Drown the Baby in the Bathwater" (Ashok Kelkar); (15) "Les Materiels Educatifs: Masques d'un Reel Imaginaire (Gabriel La Rocque); (16) "Argumentation et Persuasion" (Max Egly); (17) "Les Systemes Audio-Visuels Interactifs" (Maria Clara Nunes); (18) "Pour un Poetique des Media" Melo e Castro); (19) "Notice Pedagogique--Documents d'Appui" (Paul Lavaud); (20) "Logo: Langage et Philosophie, Role dans le Processus de l'Enseignement-Apprentissage (Candida Moreira); (21) "L'Image au Service de l'Enseignement" (Olga Grabovsky); (22) "A l'Ecoute du Journal Radio. Etude teleologique" (Stanislaw Jakobczyk); (23) "Applied Linguistic Methods for Teaching Sino-Tibetan Boro Mishing, etc., to Non-Speakers" (Pramod Bhattacharya); and (24) "Biocybernetic Approach to the Media Speech in Programmed Teaching" (M. F. Malik). Abstracts of each presentation are provided. (EW)

This collection, the last of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere, analyzes statistics, methodology, reforms, and new tendencies. Twelve of the document's 18 articles are written in English, 3 are written in French and 3 are in Italian. Summaries accompany most articles; three of the foreign language articles have English summaries. Bibliographies are included with many selections. Titles and authors are as follows: "From the Methodology of Pedagogical Study of Obligatory Education" (Wlodzimierz Goriszowski); "Les Peres de l'Ecole Obligatoire Pris au Piege de la Statistique Scolaire (1876-1906)" (Jean-Noel Luc); "Primary Compulsory School at Viareggio (1860-1900)" (Luciana Bettalla and Fanny Coli); "School Attendance in The Netherlands" (Th. F. M. Boekholt); "L'Offre d'Ecole Avant l'Obligation Scolaire: L'Enseignement des Premieres Enquetes Bataves (1799-1811)" (Willem Frijhoff); "A Danish Reform Concerning the First Years of School" (Hans Vejleskov); "The Vanloese Experiment: New Education in Compulsory Education in Denmark in the Twenties" (Ellen Norgaard); "Historical Development of Compulsory Education in Socialist Countries (1917-present time)" (Gottfried Uhlig); "Parents and Compulsory Education Laws in England & Wales (1880-1980)" (Geoffrey Stevenson); "Prospettive dell'Istruzione Obbligatoria in Italia" (Luigi Ambrosoli); "La Continuite Scolaire et 'l'Ecole de Base' en Italie: Aspects Historiques et Perspectives" (Giovanni Genovesi); "Formazione Generale, Orientamento per gli Studi e/o per la Professione nell'Elevazione dell'Obbligo Scholastico al 16 Anni: La Questione Italiana, Oggi" (Vittorio Telmon); "From Optional to Compulsory: The Introduction, Development and Extension of 'English' in Norwegian Compulsory Education" (B. Brandtzaeg Gundem); "Reforms and New Tendencies: Norwegian Compulsory Education (Olav Sunnana); "Compulsory Education in the Canary Islands" (Pedro Sosa Also); "Compulsory Education in the United States: Its development and Some Recent Considerations" (Erwin v. Johanningmeier); "La 'Compulsory Education' nel Contesto Sovietico" (Giorgio Vuoso); and "A New Look at the Act of Teaching FL Reading" (Yvonne Poser and Gunter G. Pfister). (CJH)

Socioeconomic life is the theme of this third of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere. Of the document's 18 articles, 15 are written in English and 3 are written in French. Most selections offer summaries; one of the three articles written in French provides a resume in English. Bibliographies accompany many articles. Titles and authors are as follows: "Mentalites et Experiences Sociales: Les Conditions Socio-Historiques de la Scolarisation Obligatoire en Europe" (Wolfgang Schmale); "Compulsory Schooling and Ethnic Acculturation in Alberta: A Case Study--1890s-1920s" (Nick Kach and Kasper Mazurek); "Attitudes to the Elementary Schools System among Copenhagen Working-Class Parents (1870-c.1900). Description of a Research Project" (Ning de Coninck-Smith); "The Introducation and Enforcement of Compulsory School Attendance in 19th Century Prussia" (Hans-Jurgen Apel); "Compulsory Education for German Immigrant Children in the United States of America during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century: The Case of Rural Wisconsin" (Juliane Jacobi-Dittrich); "Le Recensement des Conscrits, le Reglement du Travail dans l'Industrie du Tabac et la Scolarite Obligatoire dans la Ville Hanseatique de Breme de 1841 a 1844" (Wiltrud Ulrich Drechsel and Franck Neumann); "A Social-Historical Approach Toward Mass Education in the Early 19th Century" (Klaus Wiese); "The Diminished Role of Formal Education in National Socialist Germany" (Geoffrey J. Giles); "Policy in Practice: Families and the Introduction of Compulsory Schooling in Essex Textile Districts" (Grace Belfiore); "Notes for a Pattern of Analysis of Compulsory Education in Latin America during the Nineteenth Century" (Gabriela Ossenbach-Sauter); "The Compulsory Education and the Mexican Revolution (1910-1924)" (Renate Marsiske); "Historical Context of Compulsory Education in Poland" (Jan Hellwig); "Social and Economic Aspects of Introducing Compulsory Education in the Czech Lands" (Dagmar Capkova); "The Political, Social and Economic Situation of Poland and Compulsory Education (to 1918)" (Lech Mokrzecki); "L'Obligation Scolaire au Portugal pendant la Premiere Moitie du XXe Siecle" (Aurea Adao); "Compulsory Schooling and Social Revolution in Spain 1936-1937: Considerations Concerning the Libertarian Position" (Pere Sola);"Compulsory Education and Child Labor in Spain in the Early 20th Century (Madrid, 1900-1920)" (Alejandro Tiana Ferrer); and "The Compulsory Curriculum in Industrial America: Connections Between Past and Present" (Thomas A. Mulkeen). (CJH)

This first of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the Western hemisphere deals with historical antecedents and early development. Of the 29 total articles, 18 are in English and 2 have English summaries. Many selections include bibliographies. Titles and authors are as follows: "The Political Institutionalization of Compulsory Education" (Francisco O. Ramirez and John Boli); "L'Obbligo Scolastico e la Scuola di Base Nello Scritto d'un Pedagogista Cileno" (Alessandro Leonarduzzi); "Beginnings of Compulsory Education in the Republic of Columbia" (O. Negrin Fajardo and D. Soto Arango); "L'Obligation Educative en France des Origines a Nos Jours" (Paul Gerbod); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans l'Allemagne Protestante du XVIe au XVIIIe Siecle" (Jean-Luc Le Cam); "Karl August Zeller (1774-1846). Aide-Camps pour la Prusse, Pays en Voie de Developpement en Matiere d'Education Nationale, dans le Contexte du Decalage Sud-Nord des Pays Germanophones" (Rudolf Koschnitzke); "The Historical Development of Compulsory Schooling in Germany" (Gabriele Weigand); "The History of Compulsory Education in Germany" (Karl-Heinz Guenther and Gert Geissler); "The Advent of Universal Compulsory Elementary Education in England and Wales" (D. K. Jones); "Gradual Regulation of Schooling Age and School Attendance in Hungary since 1777 up to Now" (Otto Vag); "The Debate about the Introduction of Compulsory Elementary Education of 1848 in Hungary" (Sandor Komlosi); "Compulsory Education in the Twenty Years after Italian Unification (1860-1880)" (Enzo Catarsi); "Chiesa e Obbligo Scolastico Nell'Italia Post-Unitaria (1860-1900)" (Carmela Covato); "Compulsory Education in The Netherlands" (J. F. A. Braster and N. L. Dodde); "School and Literacy. Introduction of the Elementary School in Norway in the 1730's and 1740's" (Knut Tveit); "The Idea of Unbroken Primary School in Norway" (Knut Jordheim); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans la Pologne, la Prusse et l'Autriche" (Marianna Krupa); "Legal Foundation and Accomplishment of Compulsory Education in Poland in 1918-1939" (Jozef Zerko and Romuald Grzybowski); "L'Introduction et la Prolongation de la Scolarite Obligatoire au Portugal" (Joaquim Ferreira Gomes); "L'Enseignement Obligatoire dans les Constitutions Espagnoles due XIXe Siecle" (Federico Gomez Rodriguez de Castro); "Le Chemin Vers l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne Avant 1857" (Anastasio Martinez Navarro); "Apport des Municipalites Constitutionnelles a l'Introduction de l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne" (Julio Ruiz Berrio); "Compulsory Education in the Swiss Canton of Zurich from 1798 to 1859" (Fritz-Peter Hager); "La Reproclamation de l'Instruction Obligatoire, a Geneve, au XIXe Siecle: Du Refus de 1842 a l'Acceptation de 1872" (Charles Magnin); "Towards Compulsory Education: The School Revival Movement in the United States" (Jurgen Herbst); "The Roots of Compulsory Education in America" (L. Glenn Smith); "Compulsory Education in Utopia: Owen and Neef" (Dieter Jedan); "Compulsory Education in the Waldorf Schools in America" (Joseph A. Baust); and "Compulsory Education in Chicago" (Joan K. Smith). (CJH)

In this paper, we aim to explore ways of transformations of the new techno-culture that will become essential to appropriate two emerging technologies closely related: Big-datas and Datas Analytics. We discuss as well the history of big-datas and statistical analysis but also their digital pre-warning. In terms of multivariate statistical analysis, we discuss the epistemological issues but also ethical Copernican reversal caused by this analysis (discussed Benzécri / Bourdieu). The questions to being techno-digital, closely related with human intelligence, it also upset by its implementation collaborative networks, are quickly raised (Heidegger, Simondon, Derrida and the current bibliography). We conclude by stating the close involvement of our ITEN-UNESCO Chair for ISO standardization of ICT and Learning Analytics standardization project that just opened. We also present our project Muren HD (digital humanities involving crowdsourcing synergy for education, research and heritage in a culturally Euro-Mediterranean context); a project that is part of education-research-project IDEFI Créatic.