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L’objectiu d’aquest article és estudiar la importància que té l’arxiu com a eina de construcció d’una identitat nacional i si a través de la seva organització es pot veure si la dita construcció nacional ha estat reeixida o no. En aquest sentit, s’agafa l’exemple de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional d’Espanya i s’analitza des de l’organització dels primers arxius en territori espanyol fins a la construcció de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional a finals del segle xix. Mitjançant aquesta anàlisi també es posa en relleu el paper que va tenir la Història en la formació de la identitat nacional i la seva interrelació amb l’arxiu. Una ciència no podria ser sense l’altre.

This data paper presents the creation of a database bringing together all the French municipalities while giving a specific place to those which have undergone a merger process between 2012 et 2022: "the new municipalities" (communes nouvelles). Potential data gap and consistency issues arise with the creation of these new territorial entities aggregating municipal mergers. Using data from official statistics (INSEE - National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies - and IGN - National Geographic Institute), this paper describes a process of compilation and aggregation of data. The method is detailed here, to allow its reproducibility.

Writing Studies scholars have raised concerns about framing student struggles to integrate secondary sources as an ethical problem of plagiarism. They propose, instead, framing student citation practices as transitional markers of development in which students use patchwriting to learn the discursive norms and values of academia. Patchwriting as a literacy tool for transfer of knowledge raised questions for me about whether students develop other scaffolds to aid in learning transfer. In this pilot study, I investigate student use of anchor sources, the “perfect source” that frames a student’s central argument, rhetorical structure, and/or purpose. Based on a random sample of a nationwide corpus of First-Year Writing research papers from 16 US institutions, findings show that 21 of 30 research papers (70%) revealed evidence of an anchor source. Six of the 9 papers without anchor sources show evidence of significant rhetorical problems. Results suggest evidence of knowledge transfer, as well as pedagogical implications for supporting this transitional stage in student development.

El present article analitza la relació epistolar entre el doctor Joan Solé i Pla i Josep Subirà Puig, dos familiars que des de Barcelona i Madrid es van comprometre amb l’ajut material i la promoció dels voluntaris espanyols i catalans a les files de la Legió Estrangera francesa durant la Primera Guerra Mundial. A través de la seva correspondència busquem analitzar les projeccions nacionals en disputa dels discursos sobre els voluntaris i comprovar una qüestió escassament treballada: la important cobertura i organització de la propaganda sobre els voluntaris impel·lida per Josep Subirà, qui, malgrat tot, va mantenir amb Solé i Pla una relació estreta marcada per la cordialitat familiar i l’entusiasme per les mútues activitats aliadòfiles.

Reseña

Objectiu: analitzar les enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii recollides en la Base de dades d'enquadernació historicoartística de la Real Biblioteca per localitzar-hi les guardes dutes a terme amb papers decorats, amb la finalitat de classificar-los i descriure'ls segons les propostes de la literatura especialitzada. -- Metodologia: es recuperen els registres de la base de dades pel camp 'Fecha', s'extreu la informació dels camps 'Guardas' i 'Notas', s'analitzen les reproduccions de les guardes, s'identifiquen i es descriuen seguint el model de classificació de papers decorats, prèviament elaborat, inspirat en els treballs del professor Carpallo Bautista, format per cinc tècniques i les seves variants, i finalment s'efectua una anàlisi comparativa. -- Resultats: entre els 382 exemplars amb enquadernacions artístiques dels impresos del segle xviii s'han localitzat i analitzat 10 exemplars que inclouen guardes decorades amb planxes xilogràfiques, 135 papers marbrats o jaspiats amb bany (amb dissenys corresponents a 7 variants), 4 exemplars de papers encolats amb engrut, 3 exemplars de papers esquitxats, 18 exemplars amb papers daurats i gofrats, i 4 exemplars d'altres tipus (paper argentat, paper de percalina). Objective: to analyse the artistic bindings of the eighteenth-century prints stored in the Historical-artistic Binding Database of the Royal Library, in order to locate the endpapers made with decorated papers, and to classify and describe them according to the proposals of the specialist literature. -- Methodology: The records from the database were retrieved using the 'date' field, and the information is extracted from the 'endpapers' and 'notes' fields. The reproductions of the endpapers were analysed, identified and described following the classification model of decorated papers inspired by the works of Professor Carpallo Bautista, consisting of five techniques and their variants. Finally, a comparative analysis was carried out. -- Results: Among the 382 eighteenth-century prints with artistic bindings, ten were located and analysed that include endpapers decorated with xylographic plates, 135 with marbled or mottled papers (with designs corresponding to seven variants), four with paste-glued papers, three with dotted papers, 18 with gold and embossed papers, and four of other kinds such as silver or percaline paper.

Este artigo aborda o futuro do trabalho como fenômeno comu-nicacional, por meio de sua análise como construção discursiva. Elegemos como objeto dois relatórios, dois documentos prospectivos: um assinado pelo World Economic Forum — talvez o maior porta-voz do capitalismo global — e outro da corporação Dell Technologies, expoente da economia digital mundial. Buscamos identificar de que forma esses discursos sobre o futuro do trabalho mobilizam códigos hegemônicos do neoliberalismo, compreendido como lógica social. Essa lógica pressupõe a produção de sujeitos, por meio de competências, perfis, como capital humano a ser gerido com eficácia. A metodologia é baseada na noção de discurso social de Angenot — que propõe a análise do espírito do tempo em sua disseminação nos discursos de dado contexto histórico e social.

The regular school and the special school, despite having diferents work proposals, have a common purpose, to educate and empower the autonomy and the adaptive capacity of the individuals. This study has a general objective to identify the perception of autonomy and support intensity for parents and teachers of children with intellectual disabilities. The research had a transversal approach with explanatory, descriptive and qualitative character. Five children were studied had ages between seven and ten years and a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Data collection was done with four teachers and four mothers related to the same child, so the research had the participation of 8 individuals. The results demonstrate perceptions of a greater intensity of support reported by those responsible for the children who are the target of the research when compared to the teachers, as well as the view they have about autonomy that is not in accordance with the literature (Silva, 2008) and the perception about the tutor’s duties are not in accordance with the Brazilian Inclusion Law. It is possible to understand the importance of teacher training for diversity so that they feel more secure in the face of the new paradigms of inclusive education. It seeks to understand the necessary supports for each child specifically, so that it is possible to draw strategies more effective than the paraprofessional

En aquest article es presenten les activitats i experiències impulsades des de la Cartoteca de Catalunya amb l'objectiu de visibilitzar i reconèixer els treballs de les dones en un camp tradicionalment amb una gran presència d'homes, com són les ciències de la terra. Les dues activitats principals se centren en la celebració d'exposicions per donar difusió al fons propi de la Cartoteca, i a intentar desenvolupar col·leccions més equilibrades des del punt de vista de gènere. This article describes the activities designed by the Map Library of Catalonia to draw attention to the contributions of women to Earth sciences, a field traditionally dominated by men. The Library’s two main lines of action are the organization of exhibitions to bring its holdings to a wider public, and its project to develop more gender-balanced collections.

Objectiu: reflexionar sobre els rols del professor com a recomanador i prescriptor de lectures i sobre el lloc que ocupa cadascuna d'aquestes funcions en l'educació literària de l'alumnat. -- Metodologia: revisió bibliogràfica en el camp de la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura i presentació de certes situacions escolars de lectura que exemplifiquen els supòsits des dels quals es pensa el rol docent. -- Resultats: un dels avenços més grans que s'han produït en els darrers anys en la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura es vincula amb la definició progressiva de les funcions docents i dels objectius educatius relacionats amb els processos de formació del lector literari en el context escolar. En aquest marc cal renovar els processos de formació del professorat per tal d'assegurar la construcció del cànon formatiu que requereix la pràctica professional del mediador escolar de lectures. Objective: This article reflects on what teachers do when they recommend and prescribe works of literature to their students. It also examines how recommendation and prescription are important in children’s literary education. -- Methodology: The article reviews the research on language and literature education and examines particular classroom scenarios that explain why teachers choose certain roles over other when they recommend and prescribe works of literature. -- Results: In recent years, the most important progress in language and literature education has been tied to redefining teachers’ roles and the objectives of education as these relate to children’s acquisition of literary reading skills. In this context, teacher education programmes need to be revised in order to equip teachers with a literary canon that helps them address their task effectively.

Surgidos em meados de 1990, os street papers constituem uma nova tendência na comunicação social, capaz de promover a interação como também trocas de experiências entre os atores envolvidos no processo de sua elaboração. Apesar da comprovada eficácia dos jornais de rua, não existe ações ou recursos governamentais voltados para o fomento destes veículos de comunicação.

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos a través del uso de herramientas informáticas (Provalis Research), también conocidas como CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), para el análisis de los escritos de Peirce, las bases estadísticas de una cronología para su último periodo intelectual y la justificación de una posible periodización del Pragmaticismo, además de la descripción de ciertos descubrimientos realizados en nuestro trabajo de archivo sobre los documentos y manuscritos originales de Peirce. Este trabajo es una parte de nuestra investigación en la Universidad de Quebec en Montreal (UQAM) y la Biblioteca Houghton de la Universidad de Harvard.

En el setanta-cinquè aniversari de la mort d'Eduard Toda, que va ser diplomàtic, egiptòleg, escriptor i historiador, que va redescobrir i divulgar l'alguerès, que va reconstruir i restaurar Escornalbou i Poblet, que va compilar bibliografies i va ser un bibliòfil i un mecenes exemplar, s'analitza en primer lloc aquest darrer aspecte de la seva activitat que va contribuir a enriquir les biblioteques i els arxius del país. A continuació es presenta la seva relació amb l'Escola de Bibliotecàries que es va iniciar gràcies al lligam que havia establert amb la Biblioteca de Catalunya amb les seves generoses donacions de materials bibliogràfics. A partir de la documentació conservada a l'arxiu de l'antiga Escola de Bibliotecàries, es mostren les distintes facetes d'aquella relació: les excursions a Escornalbou que es complementen amb tot un recorregut cultural, les estades de les alumnes a Poblet on col·laboren en l'organització de la biblioteca pobletana, la introducció de les classes de restauració en el pla d'estudis de la carrera, la posada en marxa d'un laboratori de restauració que, per moltes dècades, compartiran l'Escola i la Biblioteca de Catalunya, etc. Certament, els vincles de Toda amb l'Escola es van caracteritzar per un afecte mutu i algunes de les activitats que va promoure amb les alumnes van contribuir a donar a l'Escola aquell toc d' Diplomat, Egyptologist, writer and historian, Eduard Toda is remembered as the man who rescued the Algherese dialect of Catalan from oblivion and who helped rebuild the monastery libraries of Escornalbou and Poblet. On the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his death, this paper reviews Toda’s book collecting activities, his general love of books and his outstanding work as a benefactor of libraries, which together contributed to enriching our country’s book heritage. The paper then turns to Toda’s relationship with the school for librarians the Escola de Bibliotecàries, which was founded thanks to his donation of a number of book collections to the Library of Catalonia. As recorded in the archives of the old Escola, this relationship was based on a number of different activities: Toda’s trips to Escornalbou, which also provided an opportunity for cultural study; his organization of periods of residence for student librarians at Poblet to help rebuild the monastery’s library; his creation of classes in book restoration in degree courses in librarianship; and the creation of a workshop for restoring library materials, which for many decades helped to link the Escola and the Library of Catalonia. Finally, as the article shows, Toda’s ties with the Escola de Bibliotecàries were reinforced by the mutual affection existing between him and the school as well as by the activities he organized with its students, which gave the school its singular nature as a place of study during the 1930s.

L’article planteja una breu aproximació al paper que va tenir el periodista Mateo Santos, director del setmanari cinematogràfic Popular Film (Barcelona, 1926-1937), entorn del qual es constituiria a Barcelona durant els anys de la II República un «grup d’afinitat» caracteritzat per l’afició al cinematògraf i per la militància llibertària dels seus joves integrants.

Aquest estudi analitza el paper molt important, però fins ara generalment sense reconèixer, de la comunitat catalana de Montevideo en el desenvolupament econòmic, social i institucional de l’Uruguai durant el període colonial (1724-1808) i també la primera fase (1808-1814) de les lluites entre criolls i peninsulars per al control dels territoris confrontats al Riu de la Plata.

L'objectiu d'aquest treball és abordar la didàctica de la prosòdia des de dos punts de vista: en primer lloc, una perspectiva històrica i teòrica que examina el paper i tractament de la competència prosòdica; i, en segon lloc, les implicacions didàctiques i el desenvolupament d'aquesta competència a través del joc, tenint en compte a l'alumnat de l'aula d'Educació Infantil i d'Educació Primària.

Os processos verbais são o foco de nossa análise para investigar a forma como o dizer é construído em artigos acadêmicos produzidos por alunos de Letras, compreendendo que a representação do dizer se faz por meio desses processos, os quais materializam "vozes" que corroboram opiniões, ideias e pensamentos, ao introduzirem o discurso direto e indireto. Propomo-nos, então, a averiguar, à luz da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, como os graduandos em Letras se apropriam deste tipo de processo para construírem seus artigos.Verbal processes are the focus of our analysis, which aims at investigating how the act of saying is built up in academic papers by students of Languages and Literature, bearing in mind that the representation of saying is carried by these processes, which materialize "voices" that introduce opinions, ideas and thoughts, in direct and indirect speech. Therefore we aim at investigating, following the principles of Systemic Functional Linguistics, how those students approach this kind of process to build their articles.

This position paper attempts to ground the discussion on improving the quality of teaching in the context of Higher Education (HE) in order to take concrete directions toward what in the scientific literature is identified as a culture of quality in education. This concept implies an approach to continuing monitoring, reflection and change toward innovation through main stakeholders’ engagement. The paper will hence briefly introduce the policy context and research background at international and national level, in order to analyze the opportunities of implementing a culture of quality regarding teaching at the University of Trento. Furthermore, it will make a number of recommendations for the concrete implementation of the approach. The document is hence divided into the following parts: A first part, introducing the policy context regarding agenda for the modernization of HE in Europe and at international level. In this context, the issue of quality teaching is focused as key element towards better quality of Higher Education. A second part, regarding the importance and forms of innovation in pedagogical approaches in HIgher Education, as well as the conditions of professional development in academic staff regarding better teaching. A third part, consisting on the research carried out by our research unit within the University of Trento, regarding the issue of quality in Higher Education. A fourth part is devoted to introduce recommendations for the implementation of concrete measures and interventions at institutional level.

Con el término de la Guerra Fría en 1989 y el consiguiente declive de la URSS como un contendiente serio, así como la caída de Japón como otro posible contendiente, otras dos regiones, Estados y potencias comenzaron una nueva contienda. Una de ellas es Estados Unidos cuyas fortunas y perspectivas parecieron declinar después de 1970 pero se recuperaron en los 90; y aun así es un tigre de papel. La otra es Asia del Este, a pesar de su crisis post 1997, y especialmente China –el dragón fuerte-. Este artículo analiza las claves económicas y geopolíticas que orientan las estrategias de ambos contendientes. El examen de la economía mundial y del lugar predominante que tiene en ella Asia del Este, permite encontrar las bases fundamentales de los desarrollos económicos en la región y además presagia otros importantes desarrollos económicos mundiales en un futuro previsible._______________ABSTRACT:With the end of the cold war in 1989 and the subsequent decline of Russia as a serious immediate contender, as well as the decline during the 1990s of the hype of Japan as 1, two other regions, states and powers came into contention. One is the United States whose fortunes and prospects seemed to have declined after 1970 but recovered in the 1990s; and even so it is a Paper Tiger. The other is East Asia, despite its post 1997 crisis, and especially China -the Fiery Dragon-. This article analyzes the economic and geopolitical keys that orient the strategies of both contenders. The examination of the world economy and of the predominant place in it of the East Asian points to the most fundamental bases of contemporary economic developments in the region and also presages important world economic ones for the foreseeable future.

eoi/doi Deposit-Electronic Object Identifier http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11248/ehum.v4i1.435 RESUMO: A proposta de examinar a música como objeto de pesquisa está em discussão dentro das universidades brasileiras. Na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais com o projeto Decantando a República são realizados trabalhos acadêmicos significativos para a contribuição ao núcleo de pesquisa, documentação e memória do período republicano brasileiro. Sob a influência da História Social da Cultura, Loque Arcanjo se propôs a captar as mestiçagens que incorporam à música, relacionando-a com a letra e o contexto social de produção, diferenciando os padrões estéticos, maneiras de compor e percebendo a diversidade musical. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Villa Lobos; Música, Identidade Nacional; Modernismo ABSTRACT: The proposal to examine the music as a research subject is being discussed within the universities. At the Federal University of Minas Gerais with the project Decanting the Republic are achieved substantial academic work for the contribution to the core of research, documentation and memory of Brazilian republican period. Under the influence of the Social History of Culture, foulbrood Archangel set out to capture the miscegenation that incorporate music, relating it to the letter and the social context of production, differentiating aesthetic standards, ways of composing and realizing the musical diversity. KEYWORDS: Villa Lobos; Music, National Identity; modernism Recebido 25/05/2011 Aceito:13/07/2011

There was in Spain an inicial «army of teachers» freinetians, a group of snipers commited to the renovation of the system of education which was born and grew in the shade of the Republic. To this army belonged the teachers’ small squad of Extremadura, which took two schools of Las Hurdes as a surprising origin. From there it extended to Montijo -principal center of diffusion for the rest of the educational experiences in the region: Calamonte, Valencia de Alcantara, La Puebla del Maestre and, probably also, Arroyo del Puerco. Surprising is not only that the origin of such an educational innovation took place in a region like Las Hurdes, but also that it was proceeding almost at the same time as the huge movement in Catalonia and Aragon, and that it, most likely, was not affected by Almendros ́s influences. There are reasons to believe that the teacher Jose Vargas Gómez, the origin of everything, had early news from Freinet through the teachers from Torrijos and Camarena before arriving to Las Hurdes.

Aquest article analitza la figura de Maria Fortesa / Maria de Fortalesa des d'una doble perspectiva. En primer terme, històrica. Maria és successora i representant dels xuetes mallorquins ajusticiats al segle xvii que, amb el canvi de continent i de posició social, mostra els contrastos entre les dues illes (Mallorca i Cuba) i el progrés del segle xix basat en l'assimilació del discurs colonial. En segon lloc, a través de Maria, Carme Riera descriu la figura de la "literata"; mostra les contradiccions i restriccions de la primera generació d'escriptores modernes de la qual se sent deutora. D'altra banda, tot i la distància autoral que proporcionen les tècniques narratives de la ironia, la paròdia i l'ús del pastitx, no s'amaga l'escriptura com una passió irrefrenable —a través de l'escriptura epistolar— tot i que es manté allunyada dels models literaris reconeguts a l'època.

Aquest text recull uns papers de treball al voltant de la in/visibilitat, amb el propòsit de revisar una categoria que ha creuat la trajectòria d’existència lèsbica, gai, queer, així com la teorització i el pensament a propòsit d’aquestes subjectivitats (i de la seva pròpia subjecció). L’associació de la visibilitat amb l’existència ha constituit un axioma. No obstant, la visibilitat no és sempre necessàriament la millor manera de fer-se visible o, immediatament, la millor estratègia política per a l’afirmació de la nostra existència. En aquests papers de treball parteixo de la formulació d’unes hipòtesis/propostes de reflexió, per continuar dialogant amb el volum Manifiestos gays, lesbianos, queer. Testimonios de una lucha (1969-1994), editat per Rafael M. Mérida, i acabo amb un breu testimoni de l’escriptora catalana Maria Mercè Marçal.

Reflexions, des d’una perspectiva arxivística, sobre la part de la documentació que va ser confiscada als anomenats “enemigos y desafectos al Movimiento Nacional” a partir de l’ocupació militar de Catalunya (1938–1939) i que està dipositada a l’Archivo General de la Guerra Civil, amb seu a Salamanca. Des de l’època coneguda com a transició política del franquisme a la democràcia, n’han reclamat el retorn persones i institucions diferents —principalment la Generalitat de Catalunya— i pràcticament tots els grups polítics han fet intervencions parlamentàries en aquest sentit. S’avalua l’opinió pública formada a partir d’uns dos-cents documents (articles, entrevistes i altres tipus de col•laboracions) publicats a la premsa escrita editada a Espanya entre el juny i l’octubre de 2002, complementant-les amb les opinions expressades en fòrums de discussió tècnica com Arxiforum o Bibcat.

Estudi tipològic sobre les fórmules de publicació i les vies d’accés a la bibliografia científica en l’entorn actual de comunicació digital i en xarxa. Es parteix del concepte d’article de revista com a unitat ben definida i estable en l’entorn imprès, i com a nucli sobre el qual s’ha fonamentat la comunicació acadèmica i professional des del naixement de la revista científica en el segle XVII. S’analitzen les transformacions que permet l’entorn digital en la comunicació científica i es descriuen algunes de les pràctiques observades entre autors, institucions de recerca, empreses editorials i institucions bibliotecàries com a resposta a les noves possibilitats de l’article tant com a producte com pel que respecta al procés de crear-lo i distribuir-lo. Aquestes transformacions afecten la naturalesa mateixa de l’article com a unitat mínima, única i estable de comunicació científica. Es conclou que sota formes documentals d’agregació editorial i de control bibliogràfic ben diferenciades, a voltes simultànies o àdhuc aparentment contradictòries, aflora una comunicació científica més plural. Aquesta pluralitat es concreta en més possibilitats de comunicació per als autors, menys nivells d’intermediació quant als agents que intervenen i afegeixen valor al producte, més disponibilitat per als usuaris des del punt de vista econòmic i d’accés, i més interacció i riquesa de continguts gràcies a les noves possibilitats multimèdia i hipertextuals.Study of the publication models and the means of accessing scientific literature in the current environment of digital communication and the web. The text introduces the concept of journal article as a well-defined and stable unit within the publishing world, and as a nucleus on which professional and scholarly communication has been based since its beginnings in the 17th century. The transformation of scientific communication that the digital world has enabled is analysed. Descriptions are provided of some of the practices undertaken by authors, research organisations, publishers and library-related institutions as a response to the new possibilities being unveiled for articles, both as products as well as for their creation and distribution processes. These transformations affect the very nature of articles as a minimal unit -both unique and stable- of scientific communication. The article concludes by noting that under varying documentary forms of publisher aggregation and bibliographic control -sometimes simultaneously and, even, apparently contradictory- there flourishes a more pluralistic type of scientific communication. This pluralism offers: more possibilities for communication among authors; fewer levels of intermediaries such as agents that intervene and provide added value to the products; greater availability for users both economically speaking and from the point of view of access; and greater interaction and wealth of contents, thanks to the new hypertext and multimedia possibilities.Estudio tipológico sobre las fórmulas de publicación y las vías de acceso a la bibliografía científica en el actual entorno de comunicación digital y en red. Se parte del concepto de artículo de revista como unidad bien definida y estable en el entorno impreso, y como núcleo sobre el cual se ha fundamentado la comunicación académica y profesional desde el nacimiento de la revista científica en el siglo XVII. Se analizan las transformaciones que permiten el entorno digital en la comunicación científica y se describen algunas de las prácticas observadas entre autores, instituciones de investigación, empresas editoriales e instituciones bibliotecarias como respuesta a las nuevas posibilidades del artículo tanto como producto como en lo que respecta al proceso de crearlo y distribuirlo. Estas transformaciones afectan a la misma naturalesa del artículo como unidad mínima, única y estable de comunicación científica. Se concluye señalando que, bajo formas documentales de agregación editorial y de control bibliográfico bien diferenciadas, a veces simultáneas o incluso aparentemente contradictorias, aflora una comunicación científica más plural. Esta pluralidd se concreta en más posibilidades de comunicación para los autores, menos niveles de intermediación en cuanto a los agentes que intervienen y añaden valor al producto, más disponibilidad para los usuarios desde el punto de vista económico y de acceso, y más interacción y riqueza de contenidos gracias a las nuevas posibilidades multimedia e hipertextuales.

Abstract: Pereira’s “The projective theory of consciousness” is an experimental statement, drawing on many diverse sources, exploring how consciousness might be produced by a projective mechanism that results both in private selves and an experienced world. Unfortunately, pulling together so many unrelated sources and methods means none gets full attention. Furthermore, it seems to me that the uncomfortable breadth of this paper unnecessarily complicates his project; in fact it may hide what it seeks to reveal. If this conglomeration of diverse sources and methods were compared to trees, the reader may feel like the explorer who cannot see the forest for the trees. Then again, it may be the author who is so preoccupied with foreground figures that the everpresent background is ultimately obscured.

En primer término, se aborda la relación asimétrica de humanidades y ciencias en las instituciones contemporáneas de conocimiento sugiriendo la inconveniencia de acentuar la diferencia entre unas y otras, en la medida en que ambos órdenes epistémicos están sometidos hoy a los mismos condicionamientos estructurales. El efecto que estos tienen sobre las humanidades es analizado a través de dos aspectos críticos. En segundo término, se discute la significación epistémica de la ocurrencia como principio común de ciencias y humanidades apelando a la obra de Georg Christoph Lichtenberg a manera de caso ejemplar. En esta, experimentalismo y ensayo, singularidades, ficción y variación dan cuenta de un mismo brote epistémico en humanidades (y literatura) y ciencias.

A lo largo del presente trabajo se analiza el desarrollo de la diplomacia regia y la contribución de algunos eclesiásticos, a lo largo de los siglos XIV y XV, en Castilla. A través del análisis de la aparición y desarrollo de algunos oficios de la corte con especial relevancia para la diplomacia, así como del análisis de algunos casos un tanto especiales de eclesiásticos al servicio regio en embajadas, se ofrecen algunas respuestas y otras preguntas para la futura investigación del funcionamiento y organización de la diplomacia castellana.

The ‘leitmotif’ of the compact city has become a widely embraced template for sustainable urban development. Particularly infill and redevelopment areas, as well as many planned new settlements, have been built following the planning principles of urban compaction. Numerous positive effects are attributed to high-density settlements such as more efficient use of infrastructure and less reliance on automobile travel. Planning law and policies, in Germany as well as other countries around the world, regularly strive to advance high-density developments, but it is by no means clear whether the prescribed densities in planning policies actually lead to vibrant and healthy places which fulfill the expectations of their inhabitants with regards to their quality of life. The study aims to analyze the relation between binding land-use plans in Germany and individual perceptions of urban density through a case study-based survey. This paper contributes to providing new information on achieving compact urban form and quality of life in new urban quarters by analyzing the change of densities over the past three decades in ‘large’ urban developments across Germany, by an in-depth assessment of planned and built densities within an archetypal urban extension and finally by contrasting these ‘objective’ figures and findings with the ‘subjective’ feelings of inhabitants. For sources of information, this paper draws from literature, surveys and empirical analyses as well as desktop-studies.

Technologies and digital tools such as laser scanning and photogrammetry are nowadays widely used in the field of architectural heritage survey, being able of producing 3D models characterized by high metric and morphological accuracy. These databases are becoming essential also for the development of more effective interventions on heritage buildings. Despite the advancement of increasingly automated analytical procedures, the management and analysis of point cloud models can still be quite time-consuming and complex, depending on specific assessments to be carried out. In the direction of optimizing these processing steps, several research is being carried out by applying Artificial Intelligence processes to make predictions based on sample data.The aim of the paper is to analyse point clouds processing focusing on geometric and radiometric features for diagnostic analysis. A specific focus aims at analysing possible in-depth uses of the intensity value as a benchmark for historical surfaces assessment, toward an optimized models’ interpretation and classification of the 3D data points, integrating data and information from different sensors.Point clouds under analysis have been carried out by different acquisition techniques; this provides an interesting opportunity to compare the results in terms of intensity value produced by different sensors. The paper will analyse the State of the Art, also illustrating a set of outcomes obtained by the authors, deepening two specific case studies, in order to outline not only the main background and shortcomings in managing complex database, but also possible innovations pointing out new research questions.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.8

This paper discusses the 17th-century Latin translation of Proclus’ Commentary on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements, preserved in Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS 9871, produced by the Spaniard Vicente Mariner. The author examines the historical context, sources, and motivations behind Mariner’s translation, his intellectual profile, and the potential reasons for translating a mathematical text given his background in literature. Via a comparison of Mariner’s text with the original Greek, this paper delves into Mariner’s translation choices and linguistic nuances to highlight the challenges he faced while translating it. Transcriptions of the collated passage both from Grynaeus’ 1533 editio princeps of Proclus’ text and Mariner’s manuscript are provided in the Appendix. Overall, this paper attempts to shed light on Mariner’s contribution to the Latin reception of Proclus’ work in the early modern period.

This paper explores the prosaic deductive style developed by Melissus and Zeno. It first emphasizes the authors’ use of a systematic and reduced vocabulary solely dedicated to a priori deduction. In a second time, the paper delves into the systematic role of reductio ad absurdum in their reasoning and distinguishes several kinds of reductio employed by the authors. Through this analysis, the study shows how Melissus and Zeno not only developed and systematized certain aspects of Parmenides’ style but also introduced original features that significantly influenced the philosophical writing style.

Abstract The paper draws on the notion of State though as critically discussed by Sayad and on related concepts (nationalism at a distance, integration) to analyse how the State naturalises the division between nationals and non-nationals, building unequal social hierarchies between immigrants and natives that affect the construction of the (social and individual) identities of the migrants themselves. The paper starts with a historical contextualisation of the relations between Tunisia and Italy. First, we show how the opposite migrations that have crossed the Mediterranean have been embedded in unequal racial and symbolic hierarchies characterising Italy and Tunisia, Europe and Africa. Then, we further delve into this dynamic by exploring the identity constructions of Tunisian migrants in Italy, which are sensitive to the demands of the country of immigration (seeking to maintain a given social hierarchy within its borders) and those of the country of emigration (striving to remain connected to its emigrants to extract maximum profit from them).

Representation based on the visualization of reality, acquired through active and passive sensors, has allowed a rethinking of the traditional cognitive and communicative process. The Vitruvian approach has been replaced by the discrete visualization of large number of point-images. Image- or range-based coordinates allow to overcome the limitations of the drawing or photographic image, configuring a 3D model that can be explored in any direction and detail, even remotely. Automatic and semi-automatic procedures manage the information to be conveyed to the numerical control of the models.Many scientific papers deal with the certified reliability of the data or the optimization of the models; several papers discuss the development of programmed instructions to automate the “intelligent” recognition of components in Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) workflows. However, few discussions focus on the heuristic value of using time-saving procedures. The phases of acquisition, processing, critical synthesis, and communication of results are now included in a single workflow centered on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to capture and transfer the archived information framework. This unified process has affected research and teaching methods, as well as the way in which information is disseminated and citizens are involved, in order to obtain the approval and thus the resources needed for the political management of heritage.Starting from these considerations, it seemed appropriate to recontextualize a process that is not limited to the improvement of fast and simplified operations, as an alternative to calculations congruent with the purpose of the project or survey. Indeed, the call for this issue was intended to propose and encourage a broader reflection of current research trends and to stimulate discussion on the limits and potentials of advanced automation processes in relation to the comparison of established and innovative practices.The awareness gained from digital language shows the widespread reconsideration of geometric logic. A trend that can be clearly seen in the papers dealing with the digital representation of complex vaulted systems or design solutions based on the reinterpretation of the Vitruvian concept of scenography. Less obvious, but no less diriment for this reason, are the geometric considerations that support quad-dominant remeshing or retopology solutions, according to the lexicon of computer graphics.Refined geometric solutions to improve analysis and details applicable to “reliable copies” of the virtually reconstructed object to control the change of state in the physical duplicate can also be observed in reverse modeling techniques.In parallel, the evolution of digital language with services provided by the network enhances the physical experience, improving it with the help of virtual content to guide meaningful experiences. In this dual perspective, the title of the volume alludes to the path, cyclical and interactive, that unites, without confusing, the construction of image- and range-based, in order to use them as spaces of collaboration suitable for the active dissemination of knowledge.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.32.2024.ed

The 14th-century Dominican theologian and philosopher Durand of Saint-Pourçain was among the intellectuals who took part in the medieval debate on virginity, especially on the relationship between virginity and marriage. This paper discusses a question of his Sentences Commentary (Super Sent., II, d. 20, q. 2), in which Durand poses the question of “whether or not there would have been a loss of virginity in marriage” (utrum in actu matrimoniali fuisset amissio virginitatis) both in statu innocentiae and in statu post peccatum. This paper shows how Durand’s solution to the problem is in opposition to Augustine’s and Thomas Aquinas’s views, based on formal and material aspects of virginity.

This paper offers some further support to Federico Picinali’s argument, in «Evidential Reasoning, Testimonial Injustice and the Fairness of the Criminal Trial», that a trial is unfair when assessments of relevance and probative value includes an epistemic injustice, namely a testimonial injustice. It has been argued that there are barriers to establishing testimonial injustice in specific cases, such as the ones Picinali surveys. This paper argues that even if we accept that there are concerns about establishing the occurrence of a testimonial injustice in the cases Picinali identifies, we can reformulate the epistemic injustice that renders the trial unfair as a contributory injustice. Reformulating the epistemic injustice as a contributory injustice evades the concerns we might have with establishing testimonial injustice allowing Picinali’s broad argument that a trial is unfair when an assessment of evidence includes an epistemic injustice—contributory or testimonial—to remain intact. This reformulation also offers new propositions on how to combat epistemic injustice.

This paper offers a critical race theory perspective on the testimonial injustice experienced by racially minoritized criminal defendants in evidential practice. It builds off Federico Picinali’s paper, inter alia, substantiating how minoritized criminal defendants experience testimonial harm through credibility deficit, by exploring epistemic injustice to the same when prosecutorial witnesses receive identity-based credibility excess. It argues that in an adversarial criminal legal system, the testimonial injustice of credibility excess afforded racial in-group prosecutorial witnesses should be considered in tandem with the testimonial injustice of credibility deficit imposed on racial out-group defendants. Only then can the epistemic harm and resultant unfairness at trial for defendants be fully assessed. The paper advocates for expanding the definition of testimonial injustice to encompass the epistemic wrong of socially biased credibility excess and “transferred epistemic harm.” In instances of transferred epistemic harm, the harm inflicted by an epistemic wrong impacts the speaker’s interlocutor rather (or more) than the speaker themselves.

Reflecting on Federico Picinali’s arguments in «Evidential Reasoning, Testimonial Injustice and the Fairness of the Criminal Trial», this paper aims to further understanding of the scope and implications of epistemic injustice in criminal trials, and the problem of biased evidential reasoning more generally. It demonstrates how legal rules can result in dismissal or oversight of the defendant’s stock of knowledge; offers support for Picinali’s contention that testimonial injustice to defendants interferes with the right to a fair trial, while questioning whether the same can be said of testimonial injustice to complainants; and considers who can cause, and be a victim of, testimonial injustice. The paper goes on to evaluate Picinali’s proposed measures to prevent testimonial injustice in evidential reasoning, while advocating for law reform to restrict the admissibility of rap music as evidence in criminal trials.