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After highlighting the significance of editors and proof-readers in the printing process and the difficult conditions, both political, socio-economic and technical, in which they worked in the Catalan-spraking lands, author investigates the linguistic corrections carried out on a wide range of editions and reprints in this period. He observes that they fluctuate between dialectization and regional diversification, on the one hand, and a homogenous standardization with recourse, lo tradition, on the other hand. Through the press the written variety was modernized by adapting it to models inspired in the work of the Humanists.

The works on lexicography published in the Balearic Islands after the completion of the Diccionari Català-Valencià-Balear (1962) are described and analysed in this paper. These works are already fully inserted in the movement for the linguistic recovery undertaken the last twenty years. Especially, but not exclusively, the paper analyses the reflection on those works of the particularity of the Balearic dialect with regard to the Standard language; that is to say, the degree of vindication of the specific forms and words of the insular Catalan tacitly or explicitly accepted in the Standard frame.

In this paper a discussion is offered of the relation between linguistic theories and lexica. It is shown that linguistic theories imply particular approaches to the lexicon from which particular ways of conceiving the lexicographer’s work can be inferred. To this end a few linguistic theoretical models are examined and their idea of the lexicon is reviewed. Obviously it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss the approach to lexicon of all different linguistic theories developed during this century. Consequently a few models have been chosen for examination which nonetheless are quite representative of the main phases of the recent history of linguistics. After a very short discussion of the characteristics of traditional grammar, the paper starts the discussion with structuralism and then moves over to the examination of some of the linguistic theories that can be broadly considered «generative»; three basic stages in the development of Chomsky’s approach are reviewed, i.e., the ones represented by Syntactic structures, Aspects of the theory of syntax, and Lectures on government and binding; and finally the discussion ends with an examination of LFG (Lexical-functional grammar) and HPSG (Head-driven phrase structure grammar) which are two of the emerging theories are that have originated in the linguistic millieus most influenced by computational linguistics.

This paper reviews the basic concepts related to notions of variation and functional variation, in particular register, and it questions whether these concepts have been taken into account by the lexicographic tradition. The paper focuses on which are the most suitable marks to recognize several aspects connected with the usage of lexical items: on the one hand the field (topic), the mode (channel), the tenor (purpose), and the tone (formality), as the register’ s components; and on the other hand, various factors concerning cultural, enunciative, and textual grounds.

In this paper a general analysis of the evolution and current State of modem Catalan lexicography is undertaken, which starts with the setting up of a catalogue of lexicographic publications from 1940 onwards. In addition to the quantitative analysis of published dictionaries the paper introduces a typology study in order to sort out the variety and richness of modem Catalan lexicography. In the paper relevant data is presented on the situation of Catalan lexicography with respect to the quantity of existing dictionaries, and also on the factors that have determined their variety. Finally it can serve to establish the bases to build a lexicographic plan that helps to fill the gaps and avoids the unnecessary repetitions, so that Catalan can be given the same lexicographic resorts that are available for other widespread languages.

This paper deals with a number of geosynonyms within grapes and wine terminology in Catalan; twenty-nine names of vines and grapes (technically called «ampelonyms») are analyzed: «boval, garnatxa, giró, pansal, palop, monastrell, picapoll or moscatell», amongst others. The author, aware of the lack of dialectal maps concerning specific terminology, has drawn nine maps of these ampelonyms, based on extensive fieldwork, with surveys he has carried out in all Catalan-speaking areas. The paper is supplemented by numerous bibliographical references and complementary information (often in footnotes) on the names of the grapes studied: etymological hypotheses, parallelisms in other Romance languages, etc.

This study attempts an approach to a linguistic description of the Valencian area nort of the La Nau cape. The paper tries to analize the highest number of variables in order to ascertain the dialectal adscription of this area, which shows a number of common features with Majorcan. In fact, the great migration of islanders into the Marina Alta in the early 17th century was the historical event influencing the dialectal variety of the towns analyzed. However, a number of features specific to this area can be identified which do not belong to Balearic varieties. The paper includes ten maps showing the most interesting phonetic, morphological and lexical traits of the areas; the last map also establishes a number of subareas depending on the degree of Balearic influence, as a result of a preestablished scale. The conclusion is that the speech of the towns studied reflects a rich, varied and highly conservative linguistic variety.

This paper is the official presentation, since the project was first started in 1978, of the forthcoming «Atles Lingüístic del Valencià Meridional i Alacantí» (ALVA) (Linguistic Atlas of Southern Valencian and Alacantí), which so far had not been explicitly publicized. This paper, divided in two sections, includes the background of the author, the birth of the Atlas, the original questionnaire and its evolution, the network of towns studied, the aims of the project, the research method, the present questionnaire, the findings beyond the questionnaire, the cartographic representation and a brief set of maps and comments showing the importance that microatles with a very specific questionnaire may have in reduced contexts in certain peripheral areas.

A review of the various sub-dialect classifications of Catalan in the north of the Pais Valencià, together with a proposal distinguishing northern Valencian, with two subdialects, and southern Tortosí in the eastern border with Catalonia, provide an introduction to an elaborate summary of the main dialectal research on the area. This is followed by the features characterizing these subdialects and a description of the area involved. There are seven phonetic phenomena: an unpalatalized production of /tS/, the survival and loss of intervocalic /d/, the opening of initial /e/, the disappearance and survival or/r/and some plosives at the end of words; in addition, the paper contains six sections on morphology, noun flexion, the masculine definite article, the degrees of demostratives and locatives, the allomorphic varieties of first and third person of indicative present, subjunctive present and subjunctive imperfect in first conjugation verbs. The paper ends with some comments on lexis, whose footnotes include the situation of the same features by the 18th century, according to the documents of the time.

After surveying a number of books on geolinguistics which have completely or partially focused on the Catalan language from the seventies, this paper points out the importance of continental atlases and linguistic research groups to the development of linguistic cartography. They have done so by means of tables of summaries and comments about dialectal data classified and presented in maps with structural, onomàstic and motivational criteria. The second part of this paper updates geolinguistic work done on the Catalan language in the last decades from a renewed geographical, thematic and social dimension.

The paper offers a comprehensive view of the field of Contrastive Rhetoric, its origins, its main hypotheses, its methodology as well as the application of its findings, principally, in the two areas of foreign language teaching and the resolution of problems in various contexts of «professional» communication. In the paper, a special effort is made to summarise and explain the results of those studies which specifically focus on the Spanish language. Finally, we will point at the existence of a series of methodological and even ideological problems which have haunted the discipline from the very beginning, and which have lately generated some concern among specialists both in and outside the field.

This paper seeks to show that Activities do not form a natural class with neither Actions nor States. We suggest that these categories are not objective situation classes, but different (subjective) ways of conceptualizing the dynamics and the discreteness of a given situation. Having been a situation conceptualized as an Action, an Activity or a State (non-discrete o discrete), the discourse chunk which represents it is organized according to a particular mode or textual type which reflects the speaker perspective: a narrative, an exposition of activities, an exposition of states, or a description. Provided that Activities determine one particular way of organizing the discourse structure, it does not make sense to include them into neither of the other two classes. A comparison of English texts with Catalan texts contributes, in this paper, to make more obvious the need for an independent treatment of Activities.

This paper summarizes articles and books about Catalan stylistics ans pragmatics. Variational research in catalan sociolinguistic describes standard, literary, and conversational forms. The paper explains the contents of these studies and distinguishes between oral and writing code. Emphasis is put on some aspects of variations, such as field of discourse, tone and tenor, wich determine the kind of registers. Another aspect trated in the paper is writings stylistic and the relationship between spoken language and its literary reproduction. Most ot these questions are debatable in catalan, as well as translation, administrative language and journalistic style guides. In the same way geographical variation is analyzed.

This paper attempts to answer the question what is Aragonese? It offers a detailed description of the phonetic (accentuation, vowel and consonant systems), morphological and syntactic, and lexical characteristics of Aragonese, based on a great wealth of both diachronic data and materials recently gathered from living speech. The paper makes a description of the common traits defining the different linguistic varieties of Aragonese.

This paper focuses excusively on Valencian gemecar ‘gemegar’, “to whine”. It asserts that it is a generalized form in Valencian areas, where it can be found as early as the 15th century. On the one hand, it refutes the hypothesis that the word should be a back-formation from gemec, and on the other, that it should be linked to Mozarabic. The author shows the continuity with Aragonese gemecar, and underlines that Aragonese keeps intervocalic voiceless consonants, that gemecar can be found in Aragonese documents since the 14th century, and that it has expanded into neighbouring varieties, related to Aragonese (Murcian and Eastern Andalusian). Finally, the paper justifies the acceptance of the variety gemecar, alongside gemegar, in standardized Catalan.

This article offers a microsyntactic study on a dialectal topic. Its aim is to describe the syntactic, semantic and intonational behavior of sentences containing the adverb «pla». This adverb, which belongs to some North-Eastern Catalan dialects, has a focalizing role. In this paper it is argued that its focalizing value derives from its epistemic modal meaning. The case in which the presence of «pla» gives a negative meaning to the sentence is especially interesting. The paper shows that in this case an abstract negative polarity operator has to be posited.

Stylistic Fronting is a phenomenon that has been intensively studied with respect to the symmetric Germanic Verb Second languages: Old/Modern Icelandic, Old/Modern Faeroese but also Middle English and Modern Yiddish. Standardly Stylistic Fronting is seen as an operation that moves an element in front of the finite verb in order to rescue the verb second constraint, in sentences that contain a subject gap. With the claim that the Old Romance languages are symmetric verb second languages, it soon followed that inverted elements in embedded contexts were analysed analogously to the Germanic inverted elements, i.e. as displaying Stylistic Fronting (Cardinaletti & Roberts 1991, Fontana 1993). In this paper I will present examples that show an nearly identical case of inversion in Old Catalan; nearly identical, because in Old Catalan there are examples with stylistically fronted elements that don’t obey one of the formulated constraints of Stylistic Fronting: they appear next to a full subject. Furthermore, we find an interesting interplay between Stylistic Fronting and enclitic pronouns: not only that they disappear exactly at the same time in the history of Catalan, they also exclude each other during the time they were possible in Old Catalan. In this paper I hope to show that contrary to recent opinions Stylistic Fronting in Old Romance does have an effect on the information structure of the sentence comparable to the effect that topicalisation has on the information structural interpretation.

This is a comparative study of the different positions of postverbal subjects in two closely related languages that nevertheless show clear differences in this respect. The comparative study will allow us to reject the idea that postverbal subjects in Romance languages are in a unique in situ position Spec VP as has been proposed recently (Motapayane1995, Ordóñez 1998, Costa 2000, Alexiadou i Anagnostopoulou 2001, Cardinaletti 2001). On the contrary, this study will show clearly that there is a need for two positions for postverbal subjects in order to understand the parametric differences between Catalan and Spanish. The general hypothesis will be that the subjects can access a higher Spec of what I will call SubjP, but not Catalan. This will account for the different distribution of subjects respects to adverbs, quantifiers, and restructuring contexts. This paper clearly shows that a finer and richer functional structure above VP and below the final landing site of subjects is needed to account for the differences between Catalan and Spanish. Therefore, this paper is another contribution to the cartographic studies initiated by Rizzi (1997).

Resum: The present paper analyses the production of novéis, short stories and tales of the so-called social or historical realism. After surveying the latest analytical views of its twin Spanish movement, this paper comes to a definition of the so often debated objectivism, aware of the difficulties involved, and proposes a model of story-telling the neo-realistic and of the social realism. Then it studies the authors and works separately in each category. Finally it concludes with an assessment, defends the suitability of a distinction of two trends: neo-realism and the social realism; and points to peculiarities with regard the Spanish counterparts. Paraules clau: realisme social; relat breu; objectivisme; neorealisme

Starting from the work of an Italian researcher (Sernicola 1981),Viana tries to relate to meaning production and planning some problems of discourse syntax. The paper rests on a descriptive level and compares the elaboration of text syntax to the making of preliminary sketches in writting. The capacity to sew on different bits is evaluated from the point of view of implicit bonds that could become explicit in discourse.

This paper is an attempt to explain the phenomenon of neutralization to which certain negative adverbial structures are submitted when the stage of processing the corresponding utterances is reached. This notion of neutralization is to be understood as the disappearance of an ambiguity at the very moment at which people's representation of the world is built and modified. The analysis of the data shows that the level of Logical Form (at which a certain ambiguity is formally represented) and the level of representation at which propositions are conceptualized are different.

This paper contributes dialect data on the loss of word-final /r/ in a transitional area that the author call «Tortosí meridional». The author also includes diachronic data taken from interesting non-literary works in his discussion of the maintenance or deletion of the phoneme.

Conca studies some catalan Proverbs from Middle Ages in a semiotic and pragmatic scope. Her paper deals with the borders between literary and non literary discourse in the field of this genre: proverbs as isolated, decontextualized texts that goin to the accumulative thesaurus of the national culture.

The first part of paper is a review of the poetry in the País Valencià during the first post-war years and within its own context: editions, journals, literary circles, authors... The second part focuses on the work of one of the most outstanding authors of that period, Xavier Casp, Their literary developement and influence on the literature are considered.

Considering Joan Fuster's Recull de contes valencians published in 1958, this paper analyses the short story situation during the franquism. On the one hand, It takes into account the precedents that appeared between 1938 and 1958 and on the other hand, the authors and the compilation.

In this paper a series of considerations are developed about Valencian diarists of the xvii century, some generic and textual constants are extracted from them and the significance of this documentary corpus for linguistic history is evaluated.

The press played an important part in the literary developement during the post-war period, it was almost the only place where literary questions were discussed. This paper goes through those journals where the literary texts appeared during the fourties, especially the case of the Almanaque de Las Provincias.

This paper deals with some discoursive strategies that we can see in poetry. They are analized focusing on JoanVinyoli’s work, which presents characteristically the fiction of voices in discourse, various enunciative modalities, negation and adversativity.

This paper is a contribution to the analysis of a group of connective items which caracteristically go with main connectives such as and, but, or... These connective expressions that we call MATISADORS have been included in the category of adverbials as conjunctive adverbs. We study their functioning in the sentence level and also in the text level.

The aim of the authors of this paper is to offer a clarifying basis for conversation studies which would suggest several fruiful areas of analysis. Without claiming an affiliation to one specific approach, the authors point out a series of concepts an methods which, they think, ara essential for the analysis of conversation.

In this paper a new analysis of some free relative sentences as selected CPs is proposed. These CPs have a [+WH] phrase in [SPEC, C’] which heads an A’ chain. This A’ chain is responsible of the NONSPECIFIC ARGUMENT interpretation of the sentence. I argue that this analysis has several theoretical and descriptive advantages over the classical one, which treats the sentences as headless relatives.

By "inflection" we usually understand morphological paradigms that constitue verbal casuistic. Syntax, as is normally understood, seems far from that. Instead of investigating the differences, I should concentrate on similarities. Perhaps "the sequence of tense" or the "consecutio temporum" would be better titles for this paper. It has been said that both inflection and syntax play an important role in the definition of sentences. The problem is who is going to give a definition of "consecutio temporum" today. Here I assume a model like Chomsky (1986) in order to explain the interaction between the Complementizer Phrase (as a mood marker) and the Inflection Phrase (both a morphological device and the head of the sentence). The starting point is represented by the work of T. Stowell (1981). I include also, finally, some comments on the kind of regularities we can find in the Inflection Phrase of Romance languages.

This paper presents a critical view of the primary contribution of the Neogrammarians, structuralist and generative linguistics, and language typology studies to historical linguistics. The author suggests that historical analyses would benefit from incorporating insights from sociolinguistics and dialectology.

This paper recommends the study of diaries, legal and satirical texts... to attain a picture of the collo­quial language of other periods of time in which there were no literary texts. The author provides transcrip­tions of criminal trials front the Balearic Islands, Valencia, and Catalonia.

This paper reflects on one type of poetry within the Catalan avant-garde tradition. The autor analyzes the keys to Salvat-Papasseit's futurism, paying particular attention to his position on tje tradition/modernity opposition.

This paper is about text connexity: similarities and differences with connexity in the sentence level, the conjunctive expressions which mark it (text connectives) and their function in discourse. All these aspects are reviewed paying particular attention to adversative connectedness.

This paper presents an overall view of the reaffirmation of Catalan and of the orthographic and onomastic problems based on the cultural magazines which appeared in Castelló berween 1910 and 1919. The role of «La Veu de Castelló» an of Gaetà Huguet Breva's work is particularly noteworthy.

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the post-war Valencian narrative and the vital agony which is present in almost all the published short stories, especially after Joan Fuster's Recull de contes valencians published in 1958. It also analyses the authors' short stories, the readings, influences and the importance of existencialism and vital pessimism.

This paper reviews the work of the secretaries and scribes of the Royal Catalan-Aragonese Chancellory, from the time of Peter teh Ceremonious to that of Ferdinand of Aragon. It provides brieg biobliographic information that identifies the beginnings of so-called Catalan-Aragonese Humanism, which cannot be dated before the late 14th century.

This paper analyzes the relationships between reality and fantasy in Blandín de Cornualla as a precedent to a new wsthetic conception of narrative prose and possibly of a new genre.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a number of syntactic and semantic properties exhibited by a specific class of non controlled infinitivals in Spanish (cf. English "To know him is to love him") and to suggest that they all fall under general assumptions concerning the behaviour of "donkey sentences". More precisely, we show that some instances of PRO(arb) provide a crucial evidence in order to claim that Control Theory interacts with a more general theory of "arbitrary" interpretation.

In the first part of the paper, I characterize the particle "rai", used in some dialects of Catalan, as a topic­emphasizer (by topic I mean left-dislocated constituent). In the second part I use this particle as a criterion to identify the class of topics, and I speculate on the nature of this class, which is in complementary distribution with the class of operators.

This paper analyzes the Francoist poetry written in Catalan that was published in Valencia between 1939 and 1943, when the dominant ideology was fascist. A collection of poems appears in the appendix.

This paper analyses Jordi Valor's novel within the post-war novel in the País Valencià and especially in relation to the rhetorical romance and the consolation literature which is produced during this period.

This paper analyses the importance of the two first compilations of the Valencian poet Domènec Canet, published at the end of the sixties when the realistic aesthetics was already decreasing. The study also reviews the resources used in the book of poems and anounces the modernity of the period.

This paper discusses the distinction between absolute and relative tenses (or between deictic and anaphoric tenses) and suggests that the absolute tenses have got a complex temporal interpretation at the level of the Logical Form. In this interpretation there are two different temporal elements involved, one of which functions as a pronominal and follows Principle B of the Bounding Theory.

This paper is a study about the narrative production between the end of the war and the linguistic standardization in the sixties. It focuses, among other aspects, on the need of the narrative in a context dominated by the poetry, the authors and the novels of the period, the models which define them: realistic pamphlets, religious and social novels and the group of feminine novels.

The post-war poetry has often been divided in several groups added to the updated anthologies. In 1962 Poetes universitaris valencians appeared and a group of young writers were added to the already known ones from the sixties. The anthology and the writers' developement are reviewed in this paper.

In this paper the author studies the origin, spread and connotations of a misogyny proverb picked up from a xvi century refrain that circulated in Valencia and Catalonia as a symbiosis of popular tradition and Renaissance flavour.

Three formulations of the Locality Condition on Chain Formation (Rizzi 1986; Epstein 1986) are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that violations of the Condition in sentences containing derived subjects and anaphoric clitics may constitute violations of the ECP and the Theta Criterion.