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While scholars recognize that great diversity exists in how grandparents are involved in their grandchildren's lives, grandparenting in the military context remains a blank spot in the literature. This paper argues that investigating the dynamics of grandparenting in a highly collectivist society like the Philippines could generate valuable insights and perspectives, thus expanding the knowledge frontiers on skipped generation grandparents. Driven by a phenomenological design, this study sought to characterize the disciplinary practices of a select group of military grandparents. Six (6) purposefully recruited military grandparents were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Field texts gathered in this study were subjected to phenomenological reduction via cool and warm analyses. Interestingly, this study afforded the development of a clear-cut Taxonomy of Military Grandparents According to Disciplinary Practices, which is an intersection of the involvement of both grandparents and parents in the lives of their grandchildren. Implications of the emerged typologies of grandparents, namely: independent, involved, intrusive, and inclusive, are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate on-campus student accommodation in Sub-Saharan higher educational institutions triggered the need for private sector intervention in the off-campus student private housing (SPH) delivery within university communities. This paper examines students' experiences of off-campus accommodation in terms of satisfaction indicators and driving factors in a vulnerable university's communities in South-southern Nigeria. The paper drew upon a sequential exploratory mixed method, comprising semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey. The paper explored interconnectivity of satisfaction indicators and factors within the threshold of building's physical attributes, community-related attributes, contract-related covenants, academic and social environment capability, through CAQDAS; Atlas.ti. The paper found disproportionate students' satisfaction level within the filtered elements and scored the overall satisfaction low. Methodologically, a convergence of results pointing to the factors for improving physical, locational, landlord commitment to tenancy agreement on services and management, and flexible regulation of students' social activities, from the two approaches, was observed. Variation surfaces from the individual rating of each indicator and the driving factors. Five distinct recommendations emerged; policy on planning, environment, and building regulations compliance, reform on SPH governance, stakeholders democracy, parent' involvement in off-campus governance, and a committee on private housing accreditation in the university communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty and economic insecurity are driving forces in entering sex work among women in low resource areas. This increases their risk for HIV by influencing the decision-making process for high-risk behaviors. Few studies have examined the financial behaviors and capacities of women engaged in sex work (WESW). This paper describes the methodology used in a financial diary study aimed at characterizing women's spending patterns within a larger prevention intervention trial among WESW in Uganda. From June 2019 to March 2020, a subsample of 150 women randomized to the combination HIV prevention and economic empowerment treatment was asked to complete financial diaries to monitor daily expenditures in real time. Two hundred and forty financial diaries were distributed to study participants during the financial literacy sessions at eight sites. A total of 26,919 expense entries were recorded over 6 months. Sex-work-related expenses comprised approximately 20.01% of the total. The process of obtaining quality and consistent data was challenging due to the transient and stigmatized nature of sex work coupled with women's varying levels of education. Frequent check-ins, using peer support, code word or visuals, and a shorter time frame would allow for a more accurate collection of high-frequency data. Moreover, the ability of women to complete the financial diaries despite numerous challenges speaks to their potential value as a data collection tool, and also as an organizing tool for finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Black/African American males' depressive experiences and expressions is still developing. While research has shown that men are less likely to be diagnosed with depression when compared to women, the experiences of Black/African Americans are often ignored at a far greater level. This study aimed to highlight how Black/African American men understood, discussed, and dealt with their depression. Interviews of N = 4 Black/African American men were analyzed from a larger qualitative study that examined depression among Blacks/African Americans. Qualitative content analysis techniques, which included open coding, were used to identify themes within the interviews that identified similarities across participant's experiences. The themes highlighted within this report included: (a) depressive episodes as responses to traumatic life events; (b) family and paternal significance for Black/African American men; (c) substance use and sleeping as coping/treatment; and (d) stigma as the greatest impediment to help-seeking and service use. Blacks/African Americans experienced depression within the classical contextualization of the DSM-V. However, they quickly learned to adapt to their experiences, push through the pain, and identify their experiences as normal parts of everyday living. The paper ends with some recommended practice implications for service providers who are interested in working with Black/African American men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore Congolese refugees and asylum seekers' survival strategies in South Africa, the focus of this paper will be on the role of the social worker. The paper is part of the study that was conducted on Congolese refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa post-war or conflicts. The study employed a qualitative research method and a descriptive case study of 10 female Congolese refugees living in Yeoville, Johannesburg South Africa. The participants have lived in South African for less than five years and there were 30–40 years of age. Data were collected by means of one-on-one in-depth interviews in the form of semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used in the selection of participants. Thematic content analysis was used in analyzing the data collected. The paper provides recommendations on what role can social workers play can in mental wellbeing interventions. This study also contributes to a better understanding of mental wellbeing issues of Congolese refugees and asylum seekers. Ethical approval for this research study was obtained from the Department of Social Work Human Research Ethics Committee (Non-medical) of the University of Witwatersrand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjective well-being (SWB) has been widely found to have a profound impact on the individual, yet the process of its occurrence in public organizations remains unexplored. So the primary purpose of this paper is to explore the determining factors affecting the process of employee's subjective well-being in public organizations using mixed methods research. Qualitative analysis using the grounded theory methodology reveals the effective factors that affect the process of employee's subjective well-being in public organizations. Quantitative hypotheses are then developed based on a qualitative investigation. Survey data were collected from employees of public organizations in one of the provinces of Iran. Analysis of Moment Structure is used for data analysis. The results of the research revealed that both individual and organizational factors (as causal factors) influence the employees' subjective well-being process (life satisfaction and positive affect). This phenomenon leads to the use of strategies which are affected by intervening and contextual factors. The consequences of this process are to change the attitude and behavior of individuals and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This paper is among the first known to examine subjective well-being in public organizations using mixed methods research. The mixed methods approach offers a better insight to understanding effective factors affecting subjective well-being compared to the use of either a qualitative or quantitative method alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is timely to have this kind of study in South Africa as the country has an increasing number of people living with HIV and AIDS. While an extensive literature has documented factors associated with HIV and AIDS, psychosocial variables associated with the health of persons living with HIV (PLH) have only begun to receive attention recently. The objective of this paper was to explore the views of a group of people living with HIV and AIDS regarding HIV and AIDS and Self-Forgiveness. Theoretical base: To examine the role of self-forgiveness in people living with HIV and AIDS, George Engel's Biopsychosocial Model was adopted. Methods: Individual In-depth Interviews were conducted with 10 purposefully-selected participants in Ekurhuleni. Outcomes: Results showed that self-forgiveness has a huge role in the lives of people living with HIV and AIDS. For instance, it has been found that self-forgiveness leads to acceptance of HIV status, promote infected people to seek medical care, and eventually gain the confidence to disclose to friends and families. Work implications: In conclusion, self-forgiveness has micro, messo and macro implications as it promotes good health of people living with HIV and AIDS; enhance HIV status self-disclosure and adherence to HIV treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the paper is to critically examine and document the living conditions of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Marawi City. Forcibly displaced more than a year ago due to armed conflict, these IDPs managed to find their way to an unoccupied building in the outskirt of Iligan City, Lanao del Norte Province, Philippines. Results show their range of main concerns such as the supply of electricity and water, health services and medicines and more importantly, food. Disruptions on children's schooling and most especially the discontinuation of their parents' livelihood were also documented. The community is waiting for their "turn" to access better temporary shelters provided by the government. The study utilized key informant interview (KII) among 10 household heads (from among the 75 families living in the building). Their narratives reveal several coping strategies amidst insufficient government assistance and community feeling of isolation, the most glaring of those, is the dependency to social network, capitalizing on the social ties with relatives and friends for assistance. The IDPs admitted however that the same assistance is not enough. Additionally, the reduction of food consumption and selling of food relief packs remain unsustainable in coping with their destitute condition. Moreover, the article also touches on the consequence of their displacement context on socio-familial dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about cross-cultural supervision dynamics between Black, female supervisors who provide clinical supervision of White supervisees. This study examined transference enactments which occurred between Black, female clinical supervisors (N = 57) and White supervisees. The results show that White supervisees' racist and sexist behaviors towards the Black, female supervisors demonstrated remnants of stereotypical images historically attributed to Black women (i.e., Mammy, Jezebel, and/or Sapphire). Moreover, the findings highlight the need to initiate multicultural awareness, knowledge, and skills to enhance clinical skills. The paper concludes with recommendations for cross-cultural supervisory dyads and implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of HIV and AIDS have devastated families and communities in South Africa. The scourge has also left many children orphaned in the country. Given the vulnerability of orphaned children, social workers are in the forefront of ensuring that these children are cared for and protected from any harm. Hence, the purpose of this paper was to explore the role of a social worker in issues related to children orphaned by AIDS in their middle childhood. This study was situated within a qualitative research paradigm utilizing purposive, non-probability sampling of 10 participants recruited from Potchefstroom in the Northwest Province of South Africa. A semi-structured interview schedule was employed as a research tool, and in-depth one-on-one interviews were adopted as the method of data collection. A thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data collected during the interviews. The main findings point towards the need to educate children about HIV and AIDS and to empower their caregivers. The primary conclusion drawn from this study is that social workers play various key roles which contribute towards the well-being of orphaned children. Recommendations are posed in relation to social work service providers, government interventions, and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offering an understanding of specialized service needs of those becoming homeless because of the death of a parent or parental figure, this project is set in Detroit’s urban context, where residents face economic hardship and intergenerational poverty. In this study, we analyze the voices of practitioners (n = 5) and men (n = 5) who have experienced parental death as a contributing factor to homelessness in Detroit, Michigan. Findings include the following: (1) the impact of death and dying experiences on these men and (2) the role of care networks in these men’s lives, particularly when these men have and lack “default” caregivers after death of a parent. This community-based research project was a result of a partnership between a local agency serving persons experiencing homelessness, where the practitioner initiated the project with the researcher. The paper concludes with implications for social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Globally, musculoskeletal lumbopelvic pain (LPP) predominates among women. This high predominance of LPP is attributed to the complex interaction of biomechanical, psychological, and social factors among women. The deleterious effect of LPP has increased the likelihood of LPP-care seeking among women. The need for care seeking is influenced by a person's perception, beliefs, and attitude toward pain; which in turn, is framed by his/her culture and community. Thus, this qualitative research aimed to seek insights into LPP-care seeking behaviors among women from Indian cultural background. Semi-structured interviews were administered among 18 women living in urban as well as semi-urban areas of North India. Analysis of interview scripts lead to generation of three themes: LPP-care seeking behavior, non-adherence to LPP rehabilitation and barriers to LPP rehabilitation. LPP-care seeking behavior was influenced by unawareness about physiotherapy (PT), self-help practices and beliefs about LPP. We also found that lack or incomplete knowledge incite false assumptions, resulted in non-adherence in LPP rehabilitation. In addition, unsupportive family, lack of time, and difficulty in memorizing LPP exercises were the cultural, work, and old age-related barriers to LPP-care seeking, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been little research on the challenges facing special education teachers (SETs), since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify SETs predictors for stress and barriers to teaching effectiveness. Using a mixed methods cross-sectional design we sampled six public sector special needs institutes. A total of 205 quantitative surveys and 21 qualitative interviews were collected, respectively. Logistic bivariate regression results revealed seven factors predicting higher stress in SETs and qualitative themes further shed light on barriers to teacher efficacy. We conclude with key recommendations for the Special Education Sector and support for SETs, with implications for other developing regions. Abbreviations: SET: special edcation teachers; SSN: students with special needs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatic growth of the older population worldwide has resulted in a renewed need for mobile health applications (mHealth apps). The use of mHealth UI-designed-based culture can be useful in improving the quality of healthcare for elderly users. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive examination of the impact of mHealth UI design-based culture on older adult people's satisfaction. This study was conducted to promote older adults' satisfaction with mHealth UI design-based culture in a culturally specific context. We examined the influence of learning, screen, application capabilities, and terminology and application information on older adults' overall satisfaction with mHealth UI. Eighty-five older adults' users from general population in Jordan participated in this study. The results showed different correlation coefficients between these factors. This study paves the way for future research to consider culture in the design of mHealth UI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief report, neighborhood tenure mixing is defined as the proportion of owner-occupied versus renter-occupied properties in a neighborhood. The current study examined the association between the proportion of neighborhood tenure mixing, neighborhood crime, and the physical conditions of the neighborhood environment (i.e., incivilities, territoriality, and built environment). Fourteen trained raters (i.e., 7 dyads) used the Revised Block Environmental Inventory to document the physical conditions of one owner-dominated, one renter-dominated, and one mixed neighborhood. Our findings suggest that the highest levels of built environments and territoriality were displayed in neighborhoods where the ownership occupation was between 30 to 50%. Implications for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, many researchers have studied outcomes of mental illness through deficit-based approaches such as vulnerability, suffering, and symptoms among individuals diagnosed with mental illness. Such an approach, though useful in the clinical area has failed to adequately explore positive adaptation among such individuals. The present study is a strength-based approach that aims to address this gap in literature by investigating how individuals despite the diagnosis of OCD, can display resilience and positive outcomes by leading a productive life. Resilience was explored by analyzing life experiences of two OCD patients who received Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) sessions. Resilience, challenges, and protective factors were examined using a semi-structured interview and Connor-Davidson's Resilience Scale-10 after CBT sessions. Both participants displayed resilience through unique coping mechanisms derived from internal and external protective factors that helped them to overcome the symptoms of OCD and other challenges faced in day-to-day living. Resilience was exhibited through adaptation and improved life outcomes. Case study approaches may be useful in understanding unique resilience mechanisms in a variety of contexts, which are otherwise difficult to identify through large-scale surveys. Further, a discussion on future implications provides crucial insights for mental health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of volunteers travel annually on short-term international service trips, often with the motivation of serving host communities. These trips have benefits for both the volunteers and the host communities, but also carry potential risks. The goal of the present study was to investigate how volunteers perceived their trip experiences, including the potential risks and benefits to themselves and the communities they served. Previous volunteers (N = 353) completed a survey about their experiences with short-term international service trips. Qualitative analysis explored four overarching themes: (a) How the volunteers believe they were impacted by their trip, (b) The potential benefits of short-term international volunteer work, (c) The potential concerns resulting from short-term international volunteer work, and (d) How volunteers believe their trips could have been improved. Results suggested that volunteers believed the trips impacted both themselves and the host community in positive and negative ways. Data also revealed that volunteers had serious concerns about current models of short-term international volunteering and believed more pre-trip preparation and focus on sustainable volunteer activities would improve trip outcomes and better serve the intended beneficiary and host communities. Based on these findings, six recommendations for sending agencies were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of regional planning on social welfare in Sabang Islands and mainland Aceh Tengah of Aceh Province. From the statistical results, a mathematical model was obtained for Sabang City: Y = 0.742 + 0.409 X2, while for Central Aceh it was: Y = 2,667–0.167 X2. It is used to interprete the variables that have influence on the HDI of archipelagic cities in Aceh Province as well as that of the plains. Apart from health variable, the other variables constantly have negative effects on the HDI of the Islands. It can be interpreted that the average contribution of other variables outside the model have negative effect on the HDI of the province. This is evidenced by the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) economic structure and GRDP growth rate based on the business sector of Sabang City. The most dominant is the construction companies that absorb 31% and 8.5% human resources. This indicates that the HDI of Sabang City, which is the administration area of the Islands, is 75.77; while the mainland of Central Aceh even without compulsory basic service variables has a positive constant value. Though lack of basic service variables can negatively affect its HDI. This is because its economic structure is based on the business sector and the rate of PDRB which affects the large-scale trade and transportation sector. However, the mainland region of Central Aceh is very industrious, does not depend on government programs and service and has high mobility and accessibility to businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subways have experienced a tremendous variety of development, securing their positions within cities and producing unique spaces whose characteristics have influenced human relations. This study focuses on the relationships between subways and the cities, spaces, and human relationships that surround them. It explores the connections between subways and the aforementioned elements (city, space, and human relations) to provide insight into how best to pursue improvements. The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway's fame as a representational subway on a global scale makes it the ideal choice for a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using qualitative data collected from an empirical study that focused on theft-related activity in a U.K. high crime area, the motivations and purchase patterns of occasional buyers of stolen goods are considered. In doing so, it is argued that as an illegitimate activity, the stolen goods market not only survives, but actually thrives—even in the face of numerous attempts by legal officials to shut it down. Its success is largely due to unique pull factors, including offering items of need or desire at significantly low prices. However, this article argues that this type of illegal human behavior is varied in terms of offender profile, given that it is shaped by elements of the social, political, and economic environment and that crime reduction initiatives would do well to remember this. On this basis, a number of recommendations for crime reduction policy and practice are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the findings of a qualitative investigation that provide some of the first detailed information from the caregiver's perspective about utilizing hippotherapy for children with a wide range of needs. In contrast to prior studies that focused primarily on the benefits of hippotherapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study included children with a broader range of congenital disorders, developmental disabilities, and medical issues. Many research studies have looked at the benefits of hippotherapy for those with CP and ASD. There is limited research on the impact of this form of therapy on various other childhood diseases or disorders. This multiple case study identified patterns of caregivers' responses to semi-structured interview questions as to the impact of hippotherapy on their children. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 11 caregivers. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews identified four themes; caregiver life concerns for their children, benefits of hippotherapy, quality of life improvements, and use of other therapies. The findings of this study represent a valuable first step in gaining a better understanding of the benefits of hippotherapy for these children. They are consistent with and expand upon findings of earlier studies that found therapeutic benefits for children with ASD and CP who participated in hippotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effect of social marketing activities under a campaign implemented in Thailand to improve knowledge and attitude skills and practices of parents to discuss sex with the youth in their care. The target population was Thai parents or guardians with a child or youth in their care aged 7 to 18 years. The research design is a quasi-experimental study using the Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) technique. The matching strategy is an attempt to control for characteristics of the parents and exposure to the social marketing activities. The resulting weighted sample from a survey—conducted in five provinces of the country in 2016—consisted of 1,329 persons. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the social marketing activities of the campaign had a significantly positive influence on parents/guardians' knowledge and attitude skills (KAS) and practices (Practice) in talking with children about sex. The statistical analysis confirmed that above the line (ATL) social marketing activities improved KAS of parents/guardians exposed to the campaign (when compared with those who were not exposed). Similarly, the analysis found that below the line (BTL) social marketing activities improved both KAS and Practice of parents/guardians at a higher level than ATL activities alone. Parents/guardians who were exposed to both ATL and BTL had better KAS and Practice than those exposed to only ATL or BTL alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child well-being is particularly relevant to South African social workers given the country's high rates of violence, poverty, inequality, unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and poor schooling outcomes. Guided by a social constructivist theoretical lens, and located within an interpretive qualitative research design, the aim of the study was to determine whether children's drawings and teacher interviews can differentiate qualitatively between children with positive well-being and those with compromised well-being. Children aged 6–8 years whose parents/caregivers were recipients of Child Support Grants (CSGs) were asked to draw a picture of themselves and their families and teachers were asked about the children's functioning. Findings from triangulation of drawings and interviews suggested that while a firm diagnosis of emotional, behavioral, or cognitive disorder could not be reached, it was possible to differentiate between children with positive well-being and those whose well-being appeared to be compromised by developmental delay, learning difficulties, emotional problems, behavioral problems, and/or social issues. It is therefore recommended that social workers make greater use of children's drawings and educator interviews as assessment tools. However, one should not rely solely on children's drawings, but should rather combine drawings with child and educator interviews. Findings also highlight the need for South African social workers to develop indicators that are culturally and ecologically applicable to African children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theorists of the African centered perspective propose that constructs derived from indigenous African frameworks are associated with positive developmental outcomes amongst Black American youth. However, empirical research has not kept pace with the theoretical and conceptual developments of African centered literature. Therefore, the benefits of African centered approaches to youth development remains faintly understood. To advance our understanding of the potential role of African centered constructs of Black youth development, the purpose of this study was to (1) develop an African centered scale of self-regard derived from the indigenous African perspective of the Bantu people and (2) test the African centered hypothesis that self-regard amongst African American youth is associated with perceptions of belonging with other members of their ethnic group. The findings were promising—however, more psychometric work is needed to investigate further the relationship between African centered constructs and subsequent relationship with positive development amongst Black youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical frameworks have been developed for utilizing intersectionality theory in empirical social science research. This article 1) examines how one theoretical framework can be used to assess the extent to which United States sex trafficking research employs an intersectional approach and 2) extends this framework to include a Social Justice and Action stage to inform the dissemination of research findings. Findings from this review revealed that, overall, US sex trafficking research selectively incorporates an intersectional perspective and conceptualizes sex trafficking as an individual-level issue with limited focus on how individual experiences are also influenced by interlocking systems of oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a democratic South Africa, a significant number of Black students have gained entry and access to higher education, which is a remarkable improvement. However, as much as the access rate has improved, the success rate of Black students remains low in different universities because of perceived inequalities amongst racial groups. This has resulted in debates about the urgent need for decolonization of South African universities to address the low throughput rates of Black students. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the reasons for failing among Black social work students at a university in Johannesburg. The study was qualitative in nature, and it used an exploratory-descriptive case study design. Utilizing a semi-structured interview schedule as a research tool, the study employed one-on-one in-depth interviews as a method of data collection with 15 Black third year social work students who were recruited into the study using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The main findings from the study showed that failure of Black social work students at a university in Johannesburg was exacerbated by the language used as a medium of instruction, inability to use technology, lack of adequate social and institutional support, and socioeconomic factors. Recommendations are made in terms of programmatic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce and control the spread of COVID-19, people are advised and even forced by law to maintain social distancing when they step out of their homes. The lockdown norms laid down by the government have impacted the nature of social interaction and various forms of behavior including participation in prosocial activities. The present study explores the determinants of helping in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures. The theory of planned behavior framework was taken to predict youth's intentions and actual help for two kinds of helping behavior: donation for the people affected by the pandemic and feeding stray animals during lockdown. University students (N = 200) volunteered for the online survey, scales were used to measure their attitude, normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control, intention to help, and self-reported help during COVID-19 lockdown. The path analysis was used to test the model. Attitude and perceived behavioral control had a strong effect on the intention to help which further predicts actual self-reported help. Results also showed that since the nature of both helping behaviors was different so the relationship between the two was not strong. The results and implications are discussed in light of the present context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corona virus has emerged as a dreaded disease globally, and it is no longer a news that the virus is a killer disease. It has paralyzed individual and nations' economic activities due to the governments' orders made to curtail its spread. Based on this, the researchers explored parental responses to social and safety needs of their school children during the pandemic in Ogun State, Nigeria. Four research questions were raised, and a questionnaire titled "COVID-19 Pandemic and Parental Response to School Children Survey" (online) was used to elicit data from 5,340 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Analysis of Variance. The findings revealed that the parental response to their children social needs was high, while their response to safety needs was low. Also, it was discovered that there was a significant influence between parental socioeconomic background and the needs of school-age children. It was therefore recommended that, parents must have intimate relationship with their children by meeting their needs, protecting them, and never allow communication gap between them and their children. The government also should assist parents in meeting the needs of the school-age children, especially in the time of crises or emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreational cannabis use and taking codeine, tramadol, Rohypnol, and other pharmaceuticals for nonmedical purposes are some of the popular drug use practices in contemporary Nigeria. Yet, little is known on how the use of these drugs contributes to drug-related harms in the country. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explored the perceptions and actual experiences of drug-related harms among 23 young adults (23–29 years), who use cannabis, codeine, crystal meth, Rohypnol, and tramadol in a city located in Anambra State. The data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 software. The findings show that participants were highly aware of the adverse effects of drug use. They also shared how they and their acquaintances and friends had suffered substance-induced headaches, eating disorders, and slow psychomotor patterns. Cannabis-facilitated rapes and sexual violence against women were widespread and tramadol-induced seizures, convulsions, and deaths were also reported. Other personal substance-related problems the participants reported include persistent cough, skin rashes, hives, and substance-induced aggression/violence, sleeping disorders, hallucinations, and aging skin. These findings reveal the need to develop tailored interventions and policies that support harm reduction in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are often constraints and obstacles for those experiencing problems with mental health when accessing care provided by mental health multidisciplinary teams. Saudi Arabia has relatively little literature on the subject of mental health recovery. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of experienced mental health practitioners of the concept of recovery and its role in the delivery of mental health care services in Saudi Arabia. A constructivist phenomenological qualitative inquiry using 10 multidisciplinary mental health practitioners based at a governmental hospital participated in focus group guided interviews. Analysis of interview content was assisted by software NVivo 10.1. The two main emergent themes of the data were: (a) the perception of the recovery concept (subthemes: meaning of recovery, perception of recovery in mental health, the understanding of holistic recovery, and knowledge and background), and (b) delivery of recovery in mental health care services (subthemes: practicing experience and effective recovery). Results of the analysis may allow improvement of recovery aimed mental health in Saudi Arabia. Effective communication with patients and their relatives, professional education, and policy changes may assist in enhanced recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee turnover is a pressing problem facing human service professions, especially professionals providing services in the child welfare system. Few studies have examined whether psychological characteristics contribute to turnover. Research suggests that insecure attachment representations may impact burnout and secondary traumatic stress, both common causes of turnover. However, little is known about whether attachment representations vary by years of service among human service providers working with the child welfare system. The purpose of this study was to determine if attachment classifications predicted number of years of service in a sample of 467 service providers working in the child welfare system. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, including the number of years in the human service profession, and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Multiple regression models were conducted to determine if attachment classification and demographic variables predicted number of years of service. Data revealed that having a dismissing attachment classification predicted more years of service. Having a preoccupied attachment classification predicted fewer years of service. Possible causes and well as implications of these differences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many societies, a girl child is often the one who bears the brunt of unplanned pregnancy. In some instances the pregnancy affects their education, since a decision has to be made on whether or not to continue schooling during and after the pregnancy. This study explored the challenges confronting teenage mothers when they reengaged with secondary school education post-pregnancy in Johannesburg. Qualitative interviews were used to collect data from the teen mothers. Data collected was analyzed using thematic analysis methods. Key findings indicated that some educators were hostile toward the teenage mothers, and treated them differently. This was due to the poor comprehension of applicable policies meant to protect the education interest of pregnant learners and teenage mothers in schools. Recommendations are made for the education authorities to ensure that relevant policies are followed by educators when confronted with learner pregnancy related complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study which examines how it can be more effective in terms of organizational and managerial aspects with chambers of commerce and industry affiliated to The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey is to analyze the relationships between ethical leadership, work engagement, intrapreneurship, and service innovation behavior. In addition, it is to determine the role of mediation of work engagement effecting on intrapreneurship and service innovation behavior. For this purpose, quantitative analysis methods have been adopted. The data collected from 568 employees who were employed in chambers of commerce and industry operating in Turkey were analyzed. For the validity and reliability of the measurement tools, confirmatory factor analysis, the model's good fit values and the AMOS Structural Equation Model were used. It was found that ethical leadership had statistically significant effect on employee engagement, intrapreneurship and the subscales of service innovation behavior (employee service innovation behavior and new service development). The results showed that work engagement partially mediated with ethical leadership effecting on intrapreneurship, ethical leadership effecting on the subscales of service innovation behavior. It is thought that the study is important in terms of providing empirical contributions to the ethical leadership, service innovation, intrapreneurship and work engagement literature. Finally, there are some limitations of the study and some suggestions are offered for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the involvement of townspeople in efforts to protect their environment through environmental awareness program. The environmental program implemented is Surabaya Green and Clean (SGC) which was initiated by Surabaya City government since 2005 in kampung (community-based housing) in Surabaya (Indonesia). This study employed a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, observations, and literature studies as data collection technique. The data were taken in Kampung Margorukun with a total of 14 informants involving the head of kampung, environmental cadres, and residents who are engaged in developing Kampung Margorukun to be one of the ecotourism models. The research results indicate that the resident involvement in SGC includes environmental cadres formation, environmental awareness education, waste recycling, waste bank management, and ecotourism development. The implementation of SGC in Kampung Margorukun is a form of operationalization of residents' concern for environmental protection and sustainable development from ecological citizenship perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanzania has made strides to end gender discrimination and sexual exploitation, yet, studies have found that these practices continue. One distinct form of exploitation is transactional sex. Girls agree to sex – often with older men known as "sugar-daddies" – in exchange for basic needs like breakfast or soap, something that other researchers have written about it with concern. Herein, I provide an overview of the published research and then discuss my research on this issue, based on interviews with women and participant observation with girls in a remote part of Tanzania. My intention was to discover if and how girls are taken advantage of, discriminated against, or solicited for sex in and around schools. Transactional sex, a practice sometimes encouraged by family members, emerged as a pertinent theme. Ultimately, I focus on strategies for prevention using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to consider interventions at multiple levels of these girls' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of fraud on an individual victim can have devastating consequences. Not only do victims experience a financial loss, but in many cases the impacts extend to their physical health and emotional wellbeing as well potentially enduring relationship breakdown, unemployment, homelessness and in extreme cases, suicide or suicide ideation. Despite the prevalence of fraud victimisation globally, and its severe consequences, there are limited support services available to victims to assist with their recovery. This article explores a case study of an Australian jurisdiction and the establishment of a face-to-face peer support group targeted exclusively at fraud victims. Based on interviews with fraud victims prior to the commencement of the support group and then one year after the establishment of the support group, this article highlights both the benefits and challenges of this peer support model. Though exploratory in nature, the article concludes with the need to provide greater levels of support to fraud victims and considers the role of face-to-face peer support groups as a means to achieve this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the major social obstacles affecting the human resource development (HRD) in Iran. The study population included faculty members in Yazd province, Iran (N = 280, n = 162). A survey and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha (0.88) and its validity was approved by a panel of experts. The results indicated that the major social obstacles affecting HRD are 'an increase in the share of foreigners in the labor market', 'frustration of native graduates' and 'local brain drain', respectively. Furthermore, the results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the most important social obstacles affecting HRD can be summarized into six factors including migration, lack of nativism, inclination towards foreigners, gender imbalance, lack of justice in distribution of resources, and lack of meritocracy. These factors altogether could explain 65.45% of the total variance. In the end, some applied recommendations (such as paying more attention to rural youth, fair distribution of facilities towards urban and rural balance, supporting native elites, preference for employment, and applying indigenous peoples based on meritocracy, creating favorable balance at different levels of academic education, avoiding gender inequality) have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the participation of young women in education has been on the rise and yet many of them do not end up joining the workforce. This is particularly true for the fields of medicine, and psychology. Using a qualitative research design, we explored underlying social and psychological reasons (antecedents) for this lack of professional participation by females who had or are graduating in medical and psychology degrees. The sample of this qualitative study consisted of 67 female informants including medical doctors, medical students, psychologists, and psychology students. The results based on interpretive phenomenological analyses (IPA) indicated multiple key antecedents that play a crucial role in keeping women from their professional participation in the two fields. Results based on IPA indicated that Gender Role Beliefs and Strain, Economic Decision Making, Women's Mobility, Role of Society, Objectification of Women and explicit Discrimination and Violence were key thematic antecedents. There were multiple subthemes that emerged as reasons why women's participation and stay in these fields was difficult, hence creating a substantial gender gap in professional participation and success in the workforce. Knowledge and understanding of these antecedents and their role in prevalence of gender gap in workforce participation is crucial for building policies and strategies on how to engage and retain women in professional work-force. Cultural relevance and societal implications of our findings are discussed with their policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today’s growing competition, organizations face shrinking innovation cycles, swelling customer expectations, and distributed talent which impels organizations to apply knowledge, skills, and experience of employees most effectively. Applying collective intelligence, i.e., the combined knowledge and expertise of a diverse group, has become the order of the day. Therefore, collective intelligence level of an individual is of immense importance for high performance and achievement of the goals. In the present research, an attempt is made to operationalize the components of organizational collective intelligence from working professionals. Specifically, an attempt is made to develop a scale to measure collective intelligence among 600 working professionals. The results were subjected to the robust measurement tools such as Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structures Equation Modeling to confirm the factor structure. The instrument resulted in four factors and a 17-item scale. The instrument can be used by the policymakers and human resource managers for selecting, harnessing, and retaining appropriate talent in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an exploratory study that uses a critical feminist approach to examine how parents perceive and respond to gendered bullying with children. Past research conceptualizes bullying from a feminist perspective and previous studies examine how parents perceive bullying. This study moves beyond earlier investigations by integrating these sites of inquiry. The author engages five fathers and eight mothers to participate in this study (n = 13). Data collection includes semi-structured individual interviews and the data analysis is based on a critical feminist approach to phenomenological inquiry. The data analysis shows how the majority of parents, in this study, do perceive and address bullying from a critical feminist perspective, in particular, according to three categories: (a) challenging binary thinking b) understanding identities/positionalities and c) perceiving/addressing gendered power relations. The results lay the foundation for practice and policy implications aimed at bullying prevention and future research to further examine social phenomenon related to gendered bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the teaching of group work field education can be developed through learning communities. The Bachelor of Social Work degree is being revised to include a wider social development focus against the backdrop of increasing socio-economic inequality. Given these changes, educators are encouraged to develop courses that promote active learning to engage students emotionally, cognitively and behaviourally as socially responsible citizens. Socially just pedagogy, informed by a convergent theoretical orientation that is able to hold multiple realities, forms of inequality, and agency, was used to underpin the field education course to achieve learning outcomes of critical thinking, reflection, reflexivity and an acute understanding of difference. In this exploratory qualitative study, the views of eight students and five external field supervisors are considered in relation to the introduction of the Ke Moja (I am fine, without drugs) programme to conduct group work at working class public schools. The focus was to foster greater awareness on substance use implementing a meso-practice group work intervention. Data were from a focus group with students and a semi-structured interviews with external field education supervisors. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings of the study suggest the potential of the programme to strengthen social work students’ awareness of the critical aspects of group work, the values and the ethics relevant to the profession and thoughtful citizenship. They also point to the limitations of the programme to engage with the socio-economic conditions that produce drug dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active duty military families are experiencing increased stress as service members deploy to and return from lengthy and repeated deployments to multiple war zones. These deployments have a cumulative impact on the behavioral health and well-being of not only the service member, but also the family, particularly in families with very young children (Lester et al., 2016). Emergent research concerning families with young suggests that greater attention to the military spouse is needed to ensure effective, supportive service provision for these families. The purpose of the present study is threefold: (1) to identify the challenges faced by families with young children during and after deployment, (2) to understand resource utilization by these families, and (3) to explore the strengths and strategies used during these experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 active duty Marine Corps family members with young children (under 5 years old) and 10 key program providers on or near a large military base in the southeast region of the United States. Findings reveal significant social isolation, which is consistent with the literature, the need for formal and informal social supports as well as self-care for the at-home parent, challenges in co-parenting and utilizing known resources, and a range of strategies used to manage deployment and reintegration. Implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the landscape of postwar era Detroit, space is vast, but places are hard to find. As people tumble down the side of Maslow’s pyramid into abject homelessness, they attempt to anchor themselves in locations that suspend the otherwise situational free fall. This article analyzes how time and space are perceived by people experiencing chronic homelessness and how those individual perceptions are informed by theobjective time and spaceurban environment. We conducted our community-based participatory research into the experiences of chronic homelessness both from perspectives of chronically homeless older adult men and from front-line service providers. Themes that emerged are as follows: (1) temporary permanence, (2) permanent temporariness, and (3) lostness. The article concludes with policy implications regarding the procedures for measuring the extent of homelessness and the needs of those who live it. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study’s purpose was to develop a temporal and cultural definition of volunteering in China. Using a comparative mixed-methods approach,N1 = 218 Chinese students in Hong Kong were surveyed about their perceptions of volunteering. These quantitative data were compared cross-culturally with a sample of adults in the United States who used the same instrument calledWho is a Volunteer? Subsequently,N2 = 40 of these same students voluntarily participated in a series of focus groups, to further explore more in-depth their opinions about volunteering. The main quantitative results revealed that at the extreme ends of the volunteer scale, both the U.S. and Chinese samples could readily distinguish what volunteering was or was not. The more nuanced empirical differences on the scale (24% of the 21 items) were explained either by unique cultural differences, or the longer and more prominent history that volunteering has had in North America versus China. Main qualitative findings revealed additional between-group cultural differences exemplified by (1) a more family-centric and collectivist Chinese culture versus a more individualistic American culture, (2) a role blurring about volunteer activities versus paid work activities, and (3) that both organizational and cultural context must be seriously considered when defining volunteerism. This study adds to the growing definitional literature on this transformational concept and represents the largest comparative empirical investigation on this subject from East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During the past decade, Saudi Arabia experienced a significant social, economic, and organizational change. The rapid economic growth created a need for seasoned management professionals and necessitated the development of human capital. Psychological capital, a newly developed construct by academics and practitioners, is defined as the extent to which an individual operates in a positive psychological state, and this state is characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency. By measuring the positive psychological constructs, an organization can learn about employees’ positive psychological states and how training and support can promote positive psychological states. Improving the positive psychological capital can lead to better organizational commitment, favorable organizational citizenship behaviors, lower employee absenteeism, and higher job satisfaction. This quantitative study examined the relationship among psychological capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment through a sample of managers in the Saudi Arabian oil and petrochemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examined the significance of three macro social determinants (i.e., family, neighborhood, and school factors) on the educational aspirations and integration of social work minority undergraduate students using a qualitative study of 40 interviews. Two research questions were raised: (1) how did family, neighborhood, and school contextual factors account for the participants’ postsecondary education in social work, a study that places more emphasis on the attainment of humanitarian goals over future economic outlook? and (2) what roles did family, neighborhood, and school play in shaping these participants’ postsecondary educational aspirations and integration? Overall, educationally resilient participants received strong family support but also encountered social roadblocks, stigmatization, and racial discrimination in the mainstream culture. Ironically, these social challenges also served as the major driving forces that inspired them to pursue their postsecondary education and major in social work. The findings of this study urge the general public and higher educational settings to develop more cultural sensitivity, validate unique contribution, and promote equality of cultural diversity among minority social work students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two African American, biracial, Caucasian, and Latino students enrolled in an advanced graduate social work course aimed at approaching interpersonal practice from an Afrocentric perspective. Curricular content included historical contributions of African-descent people, components of Afrocentricity and African-centered social work, and principles and methods associated with NTU psychotherapy. Students demonstrated a slight but statistically nonsignificant overall increase in Afrocentricity. However, significant increases on two of the 14 items used to measure Afrocentricity were noted. Ninety-five percent of students were able to demonstrate how Afrocentric perspectives could be applied to an assigned case. Integration of Afrocentric conceptual principles as they related to the case study was lower. Observations from instructor field notes are provided. Challenges and recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Despite the prevalence of agencies serving sex workers in the United States, there are few program evaluations of supportive services. Phenomenological methods were used to explore the lived experiences of 13 sex workers receiving supportive services in a major city in the American Southwest. Results from this study suggest that clients find the trusted and supportive community within the agency especially helpful. Length of time with the agency influenced respondents’ perceptions of supportive services. Respondents, however, suggested improvements to services such as mentorship programs, opportunities for outreach participation, and services for male sex workers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The goal of this study was to develop a broad, multidimensional assessment of individual, family, and community resilience for use in evaluating socioeconomic mobility programs. The Individual, Family, and Community Resilience Profile (IFCR) is a broad, multidimensional measure that evaluates multiple ecological levels of resilience. Based on a sample of 650 low-income families, this study demonstrates the initial reliability of the 75-item IFCR. This evaluation tool assesses 20 separate dimensions of constructs often associated with resilience. The IFCR provided strong reliability with interitem reliability coefficients ranging from α = .71 to.93. The IFCR also showed strong predictive abilities for education levels, employment, and mental health. We also present benchmark scaling of the IFCR for use in practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether parents’ level of expectations would change after manipulating their perceived barriers to visiting doctors without any expectations for antibiotic prescriptions and their perceived benefits of using antibiotics. A prospective experimental study was conducted using a data-collection instrument to manipulate perceived barriers and perceived benefits using four scenarios. Scenarios were developed with the help of pediatricians and by conducting an elicitation survey among parents. Each subject viewed four scenarios. Parents’ expectations to receive an antibiotic prescription associated with each scenario were measured on a scale of 0 (no expectation) to 100 (high expectation); a 100 mm visual-analog scale was used. Data were collected at public places (Houston, Texas, USA) from subjects who had at least one child (age ≤ 5 years) during the study. Descriptive and repeated measures mixed method analyses were performed using SAS v. 9.3 with a .05 significance level. Three hundred surveys were analyzed. The mean age of the sample was 30.3 ± 7 years. The mean general expectation score (before reading any scenario) to receive an antibiotic prescription for children was 53.6 ± 25.7. The repeated measure mixed methods analysis indicated that there was a 12-point reduction (p< .0001) in the expectation score after removing perceived barriers from the situational scenarios, a 16-point decrease (p< .0001) in expectation score was observed after removing perceived benefits, and an 18-point decrease (p< .0001) in expectation score was observed after removing both perceived barriers and perceived benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]