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Aim The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-plaque chemical formulations for managing gingivitis, in 6-month, home-use, randomised clinical trials ( RCTs). Material and Methods A protocol was designed, including inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify RCTs assessing gingival and/or bleeding indices. Electronic and hand-searches identified relevant papers, which were screened and evaluated for inclusion. Full-papers were retrieved and relevant information was extracted (also plaque indices), including quality and risk of bias. Mean treatment effects were calculated to obtain weighted mean differences ( WMD) and 95% confidence intervals. Results After the process of screening and selection, 87 articles with 133 comparisons, were included in the review. The additional effects of the tested products were statistically significant in terms of Löe & Silness gingival index (46 comparisons, WMD −0.217), modified gingival index ( n = 23, −0.415), gingivitis severity index ( n = 26, −14.939%) or bleeding index ( n = 23, −7.626%), with significant heterogeneity. For plaque, additional effects were found for Turesky (66 studies, WMD −0.475), Silness & Löe ( n = 26, −0.109), and plaque severity ( n = 12, −23.4%) indices, with significant heterogeneity. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, formulations with specific agents for chemical plaque control provide statistically significant improvements in terms of gingival, bleeding and plaque indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess methods, quality and outcomes of systematic reviews (SRs) conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of root coverage (RC) procedures in the treatment of recession-type defects (RTD). Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to and including April 2010 to identify SRs investigating the effectiveness/efficacy of surgical interventions for the treatment of patients with RTD. Searching was conducted independently by two reviewers, and data extraction was based on the methodological criteria applied and on the effects of interventions reported by each SR. The checklist proposed by Glenny and colleagues, the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire and the "Assessment of Multiple systematic Reviews", instrument were used to assess the quality of SRs. Additionally, the methodological criteria applied by included reviews were compared with those proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Search strategy identified 716 potentially eligible articles, of which 12 papers regarding 10 SRs were included in the study. Results from different SRs showed that subepithelial connective tissue grafts associated or not to coronally advanced flaps can be used to reduce recession depth and improve the width of keratinized tissue. All quality assessment tools showed that most of the SRs were of good methodological quality, but they also highlighted key points that could be improved in future reviews. Only two SRs followed in full the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration. Conclusions: All SRs agree that RC may be anticipated by different surgical procedures. However, differences in the methodological quality between reviews were quite evident, and thus making a clear indication that there is a need of standardization of the methods that will be applied by future SRs. As a result, a standardized checklist for reporting SRs was proposed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To report the evidence on the effect of mechanical and/or chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and caries. Material and Methods A protocol was designed to identify randomized ( RCTs) and controlled ( CCTs) clinical trials, cohort studies and prospective case series ( PCS), with at least 6 months of follow-up, reporting on plaque, gingivitis and caries. Relevant information was extracted from full papers, including quality and risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed whenever possible. Results After the screening of 1,373 titles, 15 RCTs, 10 CCTs and 2 PCS were included. Low to moderate evidence support that combined professional and self-performed mechanical plaque control significantly reduces standardized plaque index [ n = 4; weighted mean difference ( WMD) = 1.294; 95% CI (0.445; 2.144); p = 0.003] and gingivitis scores [ n = 4; WMD = 1.728; 95% CI (0.631; 2.825); p = 0.002]. The addition of fluoride to mechanical plaque control is relevant for caries management [ n = 5; WMD = 1.159; 95% CI (0.145; 2.172); p = 0.025] while chlorhexidine rinses are relevant for gingivitis. Conclusion Mechanical plaque control procedures are effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. The addition of fluoride to mechanical plaque control is significant for caries management. Chlorhexidine rinse has a positive effect on gingivitis and inconclusive role in caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of guava and synthetic vitamin C on the development of gingival inflammation during experimental gingivitis. Material and methods: Participants were randomly assigned to three groups supplemented daily with either 200 g guava, 200 mg synthetic vitamin C or water. The study included a 14 days pre‐experimental period with oral hygiene instructions, scaling, prophylaxis and supplementation. Thereafter, experiment gingivitis was initiated, while continuing supplementation. At baseline, Day 7 and Day 14 of experimental gingivitis, Plaque Index (PlI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. During the entire study, dietary fruit/vegetables intake was minimal. Results: PlI increased in guava, vitamin C and control group (ΔPlI: 1.30, 1.61 and 1.79, respectively). However, the guava group developed significantly less plaque compared to the control group. The GI increase in both guava and vitamin C group was significantly less than the increase in the control group (ΔGI: 0.10, 0.24 and 0.87, respectively). Conclusion: In a population of young nonsmoking adults, consumption of either 200 g guava/day or 200 mg synthetic vitamin C/day, prior to and during the oral hygiene abstention period, has a preventive effect on the development of experimental gingivitis as compared to the control group that developed the usual amount of experimental gingivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate clinical, radiographic and microbiological outcome over 12 months following open flap debridement of peri-implantitis with or without antibiotics. Materials and methods Peri-implantitis was surgically treated with or without Zithromax® in 19 control and 20 test individuals. Probing pocket depth ( PPD), gingival inflammation ( BOP), intra-oral radiographs and microbial samples were studied. Per protocol and intent-to-treat analyses were performed. Results The mean difference (reduction) in PPD values between baseline and month 12 in the test and control groups was 1.7 mm ( SD ± 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.3, p < .001) and 1.6 mm ( SD ± 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8, 2,4, p < .001), respectively. Data analysis failed to show study group differences for BOP, PPD, radiographic bone level and microbial load. Successful treatment (per protocol: PPD ≤ 5 mm, no BOP, no suppuration and no bone loss ≥0.5 mm) at 12 months in test and control groups was 7/15 (46.7%) and 4/16 (25.0%). Bacterial load reduction was similar in study groups with a temporary reduction following treatment. Conclusions Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with adjunctive systemic azithromycin did not provide 1-year clinical benefits in comparison with those only receiving open flap debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To assess the medium-term results of 8.5 mm implants supplied with a conventional platform-matched implant-abutment connection or a platform-switched design. Materials and Methods Eighty patients with one or more missing teeth in the maxillary or mandibular posterior zone were randomly assigned for treatment with implants with a conventional (control group) or platform-switched (test group) implant-abutment connection. Follow-up visits were conducted 1 month, 1 year and 5 years after functional loading. Inter-proximal bone loss, assessed with standardized peri-apical radiographs, clinical parameters, survival of implants and satisfaction of patients were the outcome parameters studied. Results After 5 years of loading, five of the 80 patients were lost to follow-up. The inter-proximal bone loss in the test group (0.38 ± 0.61 mm) was comparable to the bone loss in the control group (0.41 ± 0.47 mm; p = 0.201). Remarkably, bone loss has not progressed compared to the 1-year results. Implant survival, clinical parameters and satisfaction of the patients were favourable and comparable for the test and control group. Conclusion The 5-years results showed that inter-proximal bone resorption was minor and comparable around platform-matched and platform-switched implants, and implant survival, peri-implant health and patients' satisfaction were favourable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap ( CAF) with or without connective tissue graft ( CTG) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions in the upper arch. Material and Methods Thirty-two patients with a total of 74 gingival recessions were randomly allocated to the two groups. Outcome measures, collected by a blind examiner, included complete root coverage ( CRC), recession reduction (RecRed), keratinized tissue ( KT) gain, increase in gingival thickness (GT), patient satisfaction and root coverage esthetic score ( RES). Results An interaction between treatment and baseline GT was detected. At 1 year, CAF + CTG resulted in better outcomes in terms of CRC ( p = 0.0016) and RecRed ( p < 0.0001) than CAF alone at sites with thin gingiva (thickness ≤ 0.8 mm). No difference was found between CAF alone and CAF + CTG at sites with thick gingiva (>0.8 mm). CAF resulted in higher aesthetic scores ( RES) than CAF + CTG at sites with thick gingiva. CAF + CTG was associated with greater KT gain ( p < 0.0001) and greater post-operative morbidity ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion Connective tissue graft under CAF results in increased probability of CRC only at sites with thin baseline gingiva. CAF alone is associated with similar clinical outcomes and better aesthetics at sites with thick baseline gingiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This randomized clinical trial aimed at comparing radiological, clinical and microbial effects of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis alone or in combination with enamel matrix derivative ( EMD). Methods Twenty-six subjects were treated with open flap debridement and decontamination of the implant surfaces with gauze and saline preceding adjunctive EMD or no EMD. Bone level ( BL) change was primary outcome and secondary outcomes were changes in pocket depth ( PD), plaque, pus, bleeding and the microbiota of the peri-implant biofilm analyzed by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray over a time period of 12 months. Results In multivariate modelling, increased marginal BL at implant site was significantly associated with EMD, the number of osseous walls in the peri-implant bone defect and a Gram+/aerobic microbial flora, whereas reduced BL was associated with a Gram−/anaerobic microbial flora and presence of bleeding and pus, with a cross-validated predictive capacity ( Q2) of 36.4%. Similar, but statistically non-significant, trends were seen for BL, PD, plaque, pus and bleeding in univariate analysis. Conclusion Adjunctive EMD to surgical treatment of peri-implantitis was associated with prevalence of Gram+/aerobic bacteria during the follow-up period and increased marginal BL 12 months after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of local disinfection with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with or without systemic antimicrobials (amoxicillin and metronidazole, AM) during basic periodontal therapy (BPT). Material and Methods In a randomized clinical trial (four groups), 110 chronic periodontitis patients received BPT plus local irrigation with saline (BPT + S), local disinfection with NaOCl (BPT + DIS), BPT + DIS + AM or BPT + S + AM. The outcome was analysed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results There was no difference in clinical attachment level gain at 12 months between the four groups. BPT + DIS showed no additional improvement compared to BPT + S; BPT + DIS + AM showed fewer sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥7 mm versus BPT + S only up to 6 months ( p = 0.037). In factorial analyses, additional clinical reduction for PPD ( p = 0.023) and number of sites with PPD ≥5 ( p = 0.007), ≥6 ( p = 0.002) and ≥7 mm ( p < 0.001) were found when AM was added to BPT, but not when DIS was applied. In all groups, a comparable decrease in targeted bacteria was found. AM caused adverse events in 22% of the patients. Conclusion Local disinfection with NaOCl, also in combination with AM, showed, after 1-year follow-up, no additional clinical and microbiological effects compared to BPT alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the effect of self-performed mechanical plaque control ( SPC) frequency on gingival health. Methods Thirty-nine subjects exhibiting limited gingival inflammation and minimal clinical attachment loss were enrolled in a single-blind, parallel group, randomized clinical trial. The subjects that were divided into three groups were tasked to perform SPC (using tooth brush and dental floss) at 12, 24 or 48 h intervals. Gingival index ( GI), plaque index (PlI), and gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF) volume were evaluated at baseline and 30 days follow-up. Groups were compared using anova and Tukey. Results No significant differences in mean GI change were observed between the 12 and 24 h SPC intervals from baseline to 30 days (−0.06 ± 0.13 versus 0.05 ± 0.09; p = 0.11). In contrast, the 48 h interval had significantly higher mean GI change than the 12 and 24 h intervals (0.33 ± 0.17; p = 0.001). Similarly, mean PlI change was not significantly different between the 12 and 24 h SPC intervals (0.11 versus 0.28; p = 0.15), whereas SPC at 48 h-intervals yielded a significantly increased PlI (0.39; p = 0.001). Conclusions Self-performed mechanical plaque control performed at 12 h or 24 h intervals appears sufficient to maintain gingival health in subjects with no or limited clinical attachment loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study compared multiple applications of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) treatment protocol, to systemic doxycycline as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) on type 2 diabetic patients on clinical, systemic and immune-inflammatory outcomes. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with Hba1c >7% were allocated in two groups, SRP + Doxy ( n = 15) using systemic doxycycline 100 mg/day (14 days) and SRP + aPDT ( n = 15) with multiple applications (0, 3, 7 and 14 days). Primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Clinical parameters: plaque score (PS), bleeding on probe, probing depth, suppuration, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level, percentage of pockets with desired clinical endpoint were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Cytokine profile was assessed at 0, 1 and 3 month to measure IL1-β, TNF-α and TGF-β on gingival crevicular fluid. Results No significant difference was detected on HbA1c, between treatments. The SRP + aPDT group showed advantage on reducing moderate pockets in single-rooted teeth at 3 months. SRP + aPDT presented better results at 3 months on IL1-β levels. There were no significant differences between TNF-α and TGF-β. Conclusions Both treatments improved clinical and systemic outcomes (Hba1c). SRP + aPDT performed better in moderate probing pocket depth on single-rooted teeth, reduced favourably inflammation in short term, and may be an alternative to systemic antibiotics. (Clinicaltrials.org ID NCT01595594). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focused Question: In patients suffering from peri-implant diseases, what is the efficacy of air polishing on changing signs of inflammation compared with control treatments (i.e. alternative measures for plaque removal with or without adjunctive antiseptic and/ or antibiotic therapy)? Material & Methods: After electronic database and hand search, 10 full-text articles were independently screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of five studies (six publications) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean difference (WMD) [p; 95% CI] in bleeding on probing-(BOP) (primary outcome) and probing pocket depth-(PD) reductions was estimated using a random effect model. Results: All studies reported on residual BOP scores after therapy. A narrative data synthesis did not reveal any major improvement of bleeding index/ BOP or disease resolution following air polishing over mechanical debridement at mucositis sites. At peri-implantitis sites, WMD in BOP reduction between test and control (mechanical debridement with or without local antiseptic therapy, Er:YAG laser) groups was -23.83% [p = 0.048; 95% CI (-47.47, -0.20)] favouring air polishing over control measures. Conclusions: While glycine powder air polishing is as effective as the control treatments at mucositis sites, it may improve the efficacy of non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis over the control measures investigated. A complete disease resolution was commonly not obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the clinical treatment effects of a glycine powder air-polishing or ultrasonic device on peri-implant mucositis. Materials and methods Thirty-seven patients with one implant diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis (probing depth ≥4 mm (0.2N) and bleeding on probing ( BOP) (primary outcome)) were randomly assigned to treatment with either glycine powder air-polishing ( GPAP) or ultrasonic ( US) debridement. Treatment was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Professional supra gingival cleaning was performed at 9 and 12 months. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced at each visit. Results At 12 months there was a statistically significant reduction in mean plaque score, bleeding on probing and number of periodontal pockets ≥4 mm within the treatment groups compared to baseline. The percentages of diseased sites were significantly reduced for both groups. Conclusions Treatment with a glycine powder air-polishing or an ultrasonic device is effective in non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim is to assess the effect of desensitizing toothpaste on dentin hypersensitivity. Methods We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase on December 20, 2013. Results Out of the 626 articles searched, a total of 31 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. The Standardized mean differences ( SMD) for potassium-containing toothpaste ( n = 8) was −1.28 (95% Confidence interval ( CI) −2.05 to −0.51; I2 = 93%); Stannous fluoride- ( n = 6) was −1.37 (95% CI, −2.30 to −0.44; I2 = 95%); Potassium and stannous fluoride- ( n = 3) was −2.50 (95% CI, −4.10 to −0.91; I2 = 95%); Calcium sodium phosphosilicate - ( n = 4) was −2.36 (95% CI, −3.72 to −1.00; I2 = 92%); Arginine- ( n = 8) was −3.25 (95% CI, −3.87 to −2.63; I2 = 86%). The desensitizing effect was favoured in the intervention group treated with potassium-, stannous fluoride-, potassium and stannous fluoride-, calcium sodium phosphosilicate-, and arginine-containing toothpaste compared to placebo. Whereas, strontium-containing toothpaste ( SMD, 0.05; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.44; I2 = 64%) was found to have no statistically significant desensitizing effect in the meta-analysis of four studies. Conclusions The study reports that there is sufficient evidence to support the use of potassium-, stannous fluoride-, potassium and stannous fluoride-, calcium sodium phosphosilicate-, and arginine-containing desensitizing toothpastes for dentin hypersensitivity, but not the use of strontium-containing desensitizing toothpaste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate repeated subgingival air-polishing in residual pockets with a new erythritol powder containing 0.3% chlorhexidine. Material and Methods Single-centre, examiner masked, randomized clinical trial of 12 months with a two-arm, within-subject parallel design. Fifty patients in periodontal maintenance were monitored in 3-month intervals. At months 0, 3, 6 and 9, all sites presenting with a probing depth ( PD) >4 mm were subject to subgingival air-polishing (test side) or ultrasonic debridement (control side). The primary endpoint was presence/absence of PD >4 mm after 12 months. Results Totally 6918 sites were monitored at baseline, 457 of them had a PD >4 mm (range 5-9 mm). The number of pockets >4 mm per subject, PD and bleeding on probing were significantly lower at month 12. Differences between test and control were not significant. There was a significant difference in favour of air-polishing for the perception of pain/discomfort. Differences of frequencies at >1000 and >100,000 cells/ml of six microorganisms between baseline and month 12 were not significant. At month 12, test sites were less frequently positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at >1000 cells/ml than controls, and counts never exceeded 100,000 cells/ml. Conclusions Repeated subgingival air-polishing reduced the number of pockets >4 mm similar to ultrasonic debridement. It was safe and induced less pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this ongoing randomized study was to assess differences in bone level changes and success rates using implants supporting single crowns in the posterior mandible either with platform matched or platform switched abutments. Material and Methods Patients aged 18 and above, missing at least two teeth in the posterior mandible and with a natural tooth mesial to the most proximal implant site were enrolled. Randomization followed implant placement. Definitive restorations were placed after a minimum transgingival healing period of 8 weeks. Changes in crestal bone level from surgery and loading (baseline) to 12-month post-loading were radiographically measured. Implant survival and success were determined. Results Sixty-eight patients received 74 implants in the platform switching group and 72 in the other one. The difference of mean marginal bone level change from surgery to 12 months was significant between groups ( p < 0.004). Radiographical mean bone gain or no bone loss from loading was noted for 67.1% of the platform switching and 49.2% of the platform matching implants. Implant success rates were 97.3% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Within the same implant system the platform switching concept showed a positive effect on marginal bone levels when compared with restorations with platform matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To analyse change in selected bone markers in peri-implant sulcus fluid ( PISF) sampled before treatment and after 12 months and test correlation with change in disease progression. Materials and Methods Peri-implant sulcus fluid was sampled from 32 patients in a randomized, clinical study comparing peri-implant defect re-construction with or without porous titanium granules. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 levels were measured using the Quantikine Human Total MMP-8 ( DMP800) ELISA. Multianalyte profiling of the level of bone markers [interleukin-6, osteprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, leptin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin and insulin] was performed by Luminex using Human Bone Panel IB. Changes in bone marker levels were compared and correlation with clinical findings was tested. Results No differences in clinical parameter or bone marker levels between test and control group were found. When comparing bone marker levels irrespective of treatment allocation between baseline and 12 months, a significant reduction in total protein, matrix metalloproteinase -8, interleukin-6, OPG, leptin and adiponectin were demonstrated. Positive correlations were found between the reduction in interleukin-6 ( r = 0.43), insulin ( r = 0.38) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 ( r = 0.47) concentration, and probing pocket depth reduction. Conclusion Peri-implantitis surgical treatment induced some reduction of the studied bone markers. Conclusive evidence for correlation between change in bone marker concentrations with disease resolution was not found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To assess the efficacy of a 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride ( CPC) mouth rinse in the control of plaque and gingival inflammation during a 6-month period. Material and Methods Adult subjects with moderate gingivitis were selected [≥40% bleeding on marginal probing ( BOMP)]. After retrieving microbiological samples and evaluating the clinical parameters (plaque, BOMP and stain indexes), a professional prophylaxis was performed and subjects were randomly assigned to the test ( CPC mouth rinse) or to the placebo group. Subjects were re-assessed after 3 and 6 months. Results A total of 67 patients (35 test, 32 placebo) were included in the analysis. At 6 months, intra-group significant plaque reductions were observed in the test group (0.691, p < 0.001), but not in the placebo (0.181, p = 0.653). At 6 months, the mean BOMP values were lower in the test group ( p = 0.052). Changes between baseline and 6 months were significantly higher in the test group both for plaque ( p = 0.002) and BOMP ( p = 0.037) when compared with the placebo. A microbiological impact was observed in the test group, especially for Prevotella intermedia. Conclusion The evaluated 0.07% CPC-based mouth rinse, used three times per day adjunctively to mechanical tooth cleaning, prevents plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, as compared to the placebo, for at least 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To compare the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) with autogenous bone graft for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla. Methods Twenty-four subjects were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial. Subjects either received rhBMP-2/ACS (1.5 mg/ml) or particulated autogenous bone harvested from the mandibular retromolar region. A titanium-mesh was used to provide space and wound stability. A guide was used to standardize clinical recordings using an analogue caliper. Alveolar ridge width was also assessed using cone-beam computed tomography. Results rhBMP-2/ACS yielded significantly greater radiographic horizontal bone gain compared with autogenous bone graft at immediate subcrestal levels (1.5 ± 0.7 versus 0.5 ± 0.9 mm; p = 0.01); non-significant differences were observed at mid- (2.9 ± 0.8 versus 2.9 ± 0.9 mm; p = 0.98) and apical (1.7 ± 0.9 versus 1.8 ± 1.1 mm; p = 0.85) crestal levels. No significant differences in clinical horizontal bone gain were observed at 6 months between rhBMP-2/ACS and autogenous bone graft (3.2 ± 0.9 mm versus 3.7 ± 1.4 mm; p = 0.31). Sixty-two implants were placed after 6 month of healing with no significant differences between groups for number of implants, implant size, primary stability and survival. Conclusions rhBMP-2/ACS appears a realistic alternative for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of mouthrinses formulations in oral malodour. Material & Methods This single-centre, double-blind, randomized, parallel group clinical trial compared the efficacy of Halita™ and meridol® with and without zinc lactate versus negative and positive control. Volunteers with confirmed oral malodour (18/group) rinsed with one mouthrinse during 7 days (15 ml, 2x/day for 1 min.). 15 min. after a first rinse (masking effect), and after 7 days (therapeutic effect) the change in organoleptic scores and level of sulphur compounds was recorded. Results All rinses showed a masking effect ( OLS 1 to 2 values reduced), only the rinses with antimicrobial ingredients showed a therapeutic effect ( OLS 1 to 1.5 value less). The addition of zinc resulted in a more pronounced masking effect. Halita™ and meridol® with zinc showed the best therapeutic effect. Conclusion Although the masking effect of the rinses can be attributed partially to a dilution and the effect of aromas, the therapeutic effect should be linked to the anti-microbial action of active ingredients and counter action of zinc ions on VSC. A complete resolution of the unpleasant breath by additional mechanical intervention remains to be proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This RCT compared non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis with or without systemic antibiotics. Materials and Methods Forty-eight subjects received non-surgical debridement with or without systemic Azithromax ® (4 days), and were followed during 6 months. The checkerboard DNA- DNA hybridization method was used to analyse the microbiological material. Results Five subjects were excluded due to antibiotic medication during follow-up. At baseline,1 and 3 months no group differences were found. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate differences in probing pocket depths ( PPD) values at 6 months (Mean diff PPD: 0.5 mm, SE: ±0.4 mm, 95% CI: −0.2, 1.3, p = 0.16). Mean% implant bleeding decreased between baseline and month 6 from 82.6% to 27.3% in the test, and from 80.0% to 47.5% in the control group ( p < 0.02). Throughout the study, no study group differences in bacterial counts were found. Conclusion No short-term differences were found between study groups. The clinical improvements observed at 6 months may be attributed to improvements in oral hygiene. The present study does not provide evidence for the use of systemic antibiotics in treatment of peri-implant mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this controlled randomized split-mouth study was to evaluate whether a modified tunnel/connective tissue graft (CTG) technique – enamel matrix derivative (EMD) combination will improve the treatment of multiple class III recession when compared with the same technique alone. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy subjects with a mean age of 31.7 years, were enrolled for the trial in a university periodontal clinic. Patients with at least three adjacent gingival recessions on both sides of the mouth were treated with a modified tunnel/CTG technique. On the test side, an EMD was used in addition. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 28 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. Results are presented at the subject level. Results: The mean root coverage from baseline to 1 year post-surgery was 82% for the test group and 83% for the control group. Complete root coverage was achieved at 1 year in eight (38%) of the 20 surgeries (experimental and control group). Conclusions: One-year results indicate that the modified tunnel/CTG technique is predictable for the treatment of multiple class III recession-type defects. The addition of EMD does not enhance the mean clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]