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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) also called unmanned aircraft is often used for various purposes such as photography, carrying goods, to industrial monitoring. Most of the control schemes for the UAV such as quadcopter is using PID based controller because of low computational cost and simplicity, but this type of controller is unable to compensate for nonlinear disturbances such as harsh wind or frame vibration. This can be solved by using neural network control but there are several constraints in UAV application, such as weight limitation, power limitation, even compatibility of the system that can be solved by using small computer platform. Continuing on previous research for low level quadcopter control based on neural network, the next step is to implement this control in Hardware-in-the-loop format safely by using Pressure Process Rig data that had the same nonlinear characteristic. This paper explores Hardware-in-the-loop simulation development with several small computer platform in the neural network control application. In addition, variation between several hardware and TensorFlow version is carried out to determine the effect of each variation. This paper shows how the various hardware and even different version of programming library can affect the performance of the neural network model computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the spread of the Internet and a large number of network users, the problem of congestion on the network has arisen. This paper presents a strategy to reduce network congestion using clustering algorithms, K-means, and shortest path algorithms. The paper aims to solve the problems of congestion control, access to quality of service, reduce time wasted when sending and receiving network users, take advantage of network devices, and provide quality of service without data loss. The results of the proposed system simulation showed its effectiveness and accuracy through the simulation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to assess the usability of vacant areas within the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, to procure and install a new deuterium-deuterium neutron generator. The complex 3D model of the vacant areas either with their close vicinity is modelled in the SCALE system and the first simulations of radiation doses at the 3 principal positions are calculated utilizing the MAVRIC sequence and variance reduction methods. The assumed energy of neutrons emitted from the generator is 2.5 MeV, whereas a first approximation, the isotropic distribution is assumed. A discussion about the model simplifications and the first radiation dose results are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers hybrid systems – dynamical systems that exhibit both continuous and discrete behavior, where interactions between the continuous and discrete dynamics occur when a pre-defined function becomes equal to zero. Thus, de-termination of zero-crossings plays a crucial role in the correct simulation of the system in this case. Correct determination of zero-crossings for a complex real-life system can require a lot of computational resources and, as a consequence, slow down the simulation significantly. This paper presents a new way to execute the simulation generating time observations of the hybrid sys-tem dynamically using numerical infinitesimals introduced by the Infinity Computer, allowing thus to determine zero-crossings correctly. The proposed method allows to automatically detect zero-crossings with any predefined accuracy and to analyze better the behavior of the system around the zero-crossings generating observations more densely, where it is necessary. Moreover, the search for zero-crossings is performed efficiently without re-evaluation of the whole system at any observation. To show the validity of the proposed method, an important real-life hybrid system has been studied and the simulation results have been compared with the standard method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process to give teaching assignments for the teachers or lecturers to the available days and times by meeting certain goals is called timetabling. The lecturer's availability, number of courses, type of courses, number of course credits, classroom availability, course start time, and course end time are the factors that affect the learning schedule that makes timetabling complicated especially in university. Therefore, by using a mathematical optimization model, timetabling process becomes easier. Although many mathematical models have been made to do timetabling, there is no general model that can use in every university. In this paper, Binary Integer Programming is used to build the learning schedule in the Mathematics Study Program of Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). The compulsory courses do not overlap, the courses with the same year are evenly distributed, the lecturer's schedule being unable to teach, the lecturer's schedule shouldn't be teaching, and the lecturer's schedule should be teaching become the consideration in this paper. Then, based on the given data, there are three outputs, that is the schedule of the lecturers, the schedule based on the course year, and the schedule based on the day. The schedule that has been made based on the model is quite good and can be implemented in the daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of the application of hybrid technology of simulation of railway junctions and line directions. The вescribed for the creation of such a technology and the tasks to be solved are described. As examples, the following are considered: the Northern Latitudinal Course, the Murmansk and St. Petersburg railway junctions, line direction Dmitrov – Sonkovo – Mga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proper rocket dynamic model is required in order to obtain the precise prediction from flight test. The objective of this paper is to construct some linear models which are obtained from linearizing nonlinear models on the certain flight conditions i.e. climb phase with supersonic speed and descent phase with transonic speed. Linearized model is derived by trimming the nonlinear model using small perturbation approach at a certain flight condition. Simulation results reveal that the linear model is accurate enough to represent the rocket dynamic indicated by capability of the linear model to resemble the nonlinear model at both flight conditions with acceptable mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values. In the climb case for longitudinal mode, the MAPE of pitch angle is 1%, pitch rate is 18%, and angle of attack is 9%. In the descent case for longitudinal mode, the MAPE values are bigger than the climb case, i.e. 9%, 35%, and 25% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the phase-space representation of quantum mechanics as a platform to perform Monte Carlo simulation of the non-interacting Jaynes-Cummings-Rabi (JCR) model involving a two-level hydrogen atom as a qubit and a quantum har-monic oscillator as a photonic cavity. Our algorithm starts by defining a trial wave function for solving the JCR model and then implement it on the "epistemically-restricted" phase-space representation, known as Budiyono-Rochrlich theory, with a Monte-Carlo sampling for the phase-space distribution, which is useful to obtain the average energy of our JCR model. We find that the numerical results are close to the analytical ones for every separate system in the JCR model, i.e., the hydrogen and the oscillator, calculated independently. Combining the two components in the non-interacting JCR model, the calculated energy values for the ground and the first excited states are then found to be —0.91 a.u. and 0.41 a.u. with corresponding standard errors of 9.12×10−8 a.u. and 1.95×10−8 a.u., respectively. We expect that the method presented in this paper can be an alternative approach to solving various qubit-photon systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors, such as process bottlenecks, un-optimized production schedules and imbalance employees' working time, can complicate production processes and operations. These factors, however, have rarely been considered in previous discrete event simulation studies, which typically analyses the impact of available resource capacities on system throughput. By considering the factors, this paper models and analyses the production processes of a soy sauce manufacturing company. The flow of the processes and their processing time were first observed and collected from the real system. The flow logic and behavior were simulated using Arena software. The model was run, verified and validated to measure the current performance of the system, especially on the utilization of available resources. Various 'what-if' scenarios were then analyzed to propose strategies to improve the processes. The analyses show that bottlenecks occur at the moromi and koji processes, imposing the company to extend their operation hours to satisfy the demand of the product. The model helps the company identify the pain point in the production flow and analyze potential actions and its impact on production throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We verify simulation results indicating that carbon ion irradiation increases the stiffness of single wall carbon nanotube bucky paper (SWCNT). 4 MHz longitudinal and 15 MHz shear ultrasonic signals were transmitted by means of dry-coupled acoustic horns through 40±4 μm thick samples and the time-of-flight (TOF) through the samples was measured. From the TOF the velocity of the wave was determined and the out-of-plane elastic and shear moduli were calculated. The nonlinearity parameter B/A for the irradiated and reference sample was measured. The results indicated a significant increase both in the shear modulus (90 %) and in the longitudinal modulus (69 %) for certain irradiation doses as predicted by simulations. In addition, a 36% increase in the acoustic nonlinearity parameter (B/A) was observed. The investigated fluence range was 1·1013 to 3·1014 cm-2. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issues of increasing the efficiency of functioning of synergetic robotic systems by searching for waysto improve the simulationmodels underlying them (increasing the degree of completeness and adequacy). The architecture of a hybrid simulation model is proposed on the example of a basic complex modeа of functioningания of a collaborative process. The model is built according to the modular principle and combines discrete-event modules and real-time modules (dynamic modeling, etc.). The platform solution gives the model maximum flexibility when it is specialized for a specific technological process. The functionality of the model is aimed not only at modeling regular situations, but also allows you to forecast the impact of disturbing factors on the development of the situation and the quality of the joint production process of the operator and robot. The interface of the model allows you to include the operator in the planning process of tactical decisions, due to the possibility of organizing control actions on it by means of the effector system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project works towards developing a simulation tool using TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstems Simulation Program) software. Through the implementation of different technologies with a compartmentation method in the software (the use of macros), different combinations of these technologies are to be developed and combined in more complex structures (to be called decks). In this paper an example of these combinations will be shown and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are several simulation software based mainly on two different calculation methods that are used to design, analyze and optimize optical systems by simulating them with an ongoing effort to improve its velocity without losing accuracy. This paper presents two types of software. The first software uses the raytracing algorithm providing high accurate results but with very long execution time while the second one is an analytic software based on convolution methods where the results accuracy decreases and the execution time decreases dramatically too. The main goal of this work is to compare the results obtained from the simulations of central receiver plants using both types of software and demonstrate that the analytic software can achieve an acceptable accuracy (less than 1% comparing with ray-tracing) saving a great time of execution and consequently, make its use practical to the design of solar central tower plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the mathematical model approbation of the cell of a high-voltage traction car battery. A series of experiments was carried out to obtain the characteristics of the storage battery cell. Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory conditions at the constant temperature of 25 C maintained with a thermostat. The work of the battery cell under load is investigated, for which the characteristics of the output voltage are obtained. Experiments were carried out on charging and discharging a battery cell with a pulsed current - charge with a current of 50A, discharge with a current of 50A, cycle of full discharge and charge. Experimental dependences are obtained which are used to assess the reliability of the mathematical model of a cell created in the MATLAB Similink environment. The input parameter of the model is the load current and the output parameter is the voltage of the battery cell. Comparison of experimental dependencies and the results of mathematical simulation modeling was identified. Moreover, the error of the model was determined, which is <1%, relative to field experiments, which makes it possible to use the model when creating software and hardware complexes for mathematical simulation of vehicle electric system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation of Hypervelocity impacts (HVI) experiments on porous graphite. Two porosity models are compared. In the first one, pore collapse is assumed to be an irreversible process during compaction, whereas the second one considers that pore collapse is mainly due to elastic, i.e. reversible, deformation. Various experimental data are analyzed and compared to simulations with both models. Three experimental data are in favor of the second model: i) volume recovering upon release after quasistatic oedometric tests; ii) crater shapes resulting from HVI experiments; iii) ejecta velocity distribution observed under HVI experiments. The detailed analysis of these results suggests that they are related to the modelling of release waves velocity, which is significantly different between both models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability function and three parameters (훼, 훽, 휃) of the generalized inverse Weibull distribution (퐺퐼푊) were estimated in this paper using three estimation methods including each of Cramér-Von Mises method (퐶푉푀), Least Square method (LS) and Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE). The random variable for this estimate was generated using the simulation technique. Finally, using the mean square error, comparisons were done between the estimators'outputs. The following conclusions can be drawn from the findings. In general: α ^ M L E , β ^ C V M , θ ^ M L E and R ^ M L E they are better than estimators of other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude and condensate assay variations over time is inevitable in refinery industries due to market conditions revolutions i.e., source availability and pricing, which subsequently impose changes in operation strategy and in due course revamping the plant to maximize profitability. For any typical existing refinery operating unit revamps, plant wide simulation model is typically being developed to assess the impact of these feed slate changes towards the processing units, its final product yield, specifications, and other design impact across the entire processing facility. This step is considered as one of the most crucial initial/front end steps which would dictate the extend of modification needed of that specific operating unit. This paper discusses on recommended method to accurately evaluate an assay data and to correctly synthesis a crude or condensate assay into a process simulator software prior to plant wide simulation model development. Lesson learnt within the refinery industries has shown that major design changes had occurred within project phases which contributed to millions of losses just due to an inaccurate assay synthesis process. Hence, adopting a thorough and accurate assay synthesis over a typical assay synthesis methodology shall be well-thought-out to tailor the objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas produced through anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic materials attracts the interest of researchers and developers throughout the world as one of the most sustainable ways. Despite its complexity, numerous mathematical models have been developed to represent the biological transformation of these organic waste. Thus, most researchers favor combining these models with simulation software to facilitate building the AD without actual experimental setup as it eases the evaluation and analysis process. This paper presents a wide-ranging review of different types of simulation software used in AD. It can be categorized into two types: equational oriented and sequential modular. These methods provide different benefits to the developers of biogas production in accordance with the objectives of the study conducted. It includes establishing process design criteria that help in equipment sizing, hence easing the estimation of capital and operating costs. This review discusses how different simulations are used on different case studies with different conditions and parameters based on past research achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the numerical approximation of a fluid-structure interaction problem is described with the main atten-tion paid to the simulation of computational models of human phonation process. The mathematical formulation of the problem is described that allows to treat the numerical simulation of the vocal folds contact resulting in the flow domain closure. The mathematical model is described, numerically approximated and numerical results are shown [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business competition in the service sector in Indonesia makes the queuing model very important. This paper aims to find the optimal queuing model at the XYZ counter area service. The average customer arrival time in the ongoing XYZ model simulation with only one entry is 34.1 seconds. With three queue lines and three cashiers each accommodated with ten samples, the duration of service for each cashier independently is 61.4 seconds, 53.2 seconds, and 68.4 seconds. The number of customers served is 4 out of 16. This fact shows that this queue is not adequate for optimal service. The researchers made two simulation models for counter row reduction in this study. First, the researcher made two entries, four queue lines, and four counters. The number of customers served is 24 out of 67, which makes the first model has an effectiveness of 35.82%, which is more advanced than the effectiveness of the current model. Second, the researcher makes one entry, one queue line1, and one counter1. The number of customers served was 5 out of 16, making the alternative model 31.25% effective, which is also ahead of the current model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral light scattering simulations of printed dots are analyzed using general radiative transfer theory. We investigated the appearance of a printed paper in relation to the medium parameters like thickness of the paper sample, its optical properties, and the asymmetry factor. It was found that the appearance of a print greatly depends on these factors making it either brighter or darker. A thicker substrate with higher single scattering albedo backed with an absorbing surface makes the dots brighter due to increased number of scattering events. Additionally, it is shown that the optical effects of print also depend on illuminating and viewing angles along with the depth of ink penetration. A larger single scattering angle implies less intensity and the dots appear much blurred due to the shadowing effect prominent when viewed from sides. A fully penetrated dot of the same extinction coefficient as a partial penetrated one is darker due to increased absorption. These results can be used in applications dealing with lateral light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing method has expanded widely in using sophisticated methodologies to study biological and chemical processes. These methods vary between practical and simulation techniques to enhance and optimize different designs. This paper focuses on the surface plasmon in different fields, applications and uses it for different purposes. Clarifying the similitudes and contrasts between the works was done sincerely, examining various perspectives held by other authors. Investigation of the optical system methods. Assessment of how each optical method adds to the surface plasmon sensor technique. In the end, it sums up this review paper discusses the fundamentals of plasmonic-based sensors, coupling methods, and studies the latest additive tools for couplings such as a prism, optical fiber, waveguide, and grating. The most crucial goal of this paper is highlighting the application used surface plasmon and tools to reach the primary research objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of the paper is characterized, catchment Behela, from point of view the hydro morphological and morphometric. The vegetation has a very important role in the formation of the runoff on hydrographical basin, one the one hand, because it influences the formation of soil types, and, on the other hand, because it determines the size of water infiltration possibilities, the reduction of evaporation and the reduction of soil erosion. Further, the paper aims to determine the runoff depth using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. A rainfall-runoff model is a mathematical model describing the rainfall-runoff relations of a catchment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static VAr compensators (SVCs) are one of the types of FACTs devices which can control the transmission line voltages. A SVC generally regulates and controls voltage to the required set point under the normal steady-state conditions as well as abnormal conditions. In addition, a SVC can also reduce losses, increase transfer capability and maintain a constant voltage. The stepped distance protection is used for the protection of long transmission line. The distance relay continuously measured the impedance of transmission line in terms of distance. The apparent impedance measured by the distance relay is also affected due to presence of static VAr compensator. This paper represents the modeling and simulation analysis of stepped distance protection along with static VAr compensator. A detailed model of SVC is proposed which is integrated into 230kV and 300km long transmission line system. Simulation results show the effect of SVC on stepped distance protection operation during the different kind of abnormal condition. In this paper represents the impact of SVC on relay load ability limit; the setting of SVC control parameter and mode of operation for SVC is taken in to consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical reports show that as humans age, they experience color perception loss. It is caused by the yellowing occurring on the human lens and the reduction of the human pupil size. These occurrences change the spectral characteristics and reduce the amount of light at the retina. Thus, the images perceived become darker and yellowish as we grow older. Due to this, it may affect the accuracy of the information obtained from color images on websites and smartphone applications. To understand the difficulties experienced by the elderly, researchers have proposed methods to model their color perception. In this paper, we conduct a study on three existing methods that simulate elderly color perception. The study aims to understand their theoretical foundations and mathematical formulation. Also, we study the age-related change to the chromaticity and colors of the simulated images from these methods. Moreover, we also compute the color difference between the original and simulated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. Super Plastin is a company that produces various types of plastic bags. Poor layout of production machines causes the distance of moving raw materials to be high. Therefore it will affect the transfer time of raw materials to be increased. The research aims to design a simulation model of machine layout and improve the layout using the Group Technology concept. The first step is to evaluate the layout of the production machine by direct observation to describe the process flow. Then design a simulation model for the layout of the existing conditions. The simulation of the existing conditions resulted in a production time of 7.02 hours for 200 sacks of mixed materials. Validation of the simulation model using actual data shows that the model is valid to represent the actual system. The scenario for improving the layout of the extruder room is to group machines of the same type and place them close together. The production machines consist of 4 mixer machines and 68 extruder machines. The extruder machine consists of 2 types, namely the SP and the GS machine. The SP machine is a small machine capable of making plastic bags with a thickness of 0.14 mm and an average width of 10-15 cm. The GS machine is a machine that is larger than the SP machine so that it is capable of producing plastic bags with a thickness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm and a width of 5 cm to 45 cm. The first scenario puts the GS machine extruder at the front, simulation results in 6.60 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. While the second scenario puts a GT extruder machine in the back, resulting in a simulation time of 6.11 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. Based on the Bonferroni statistical test of average similarity, the average production time of the second scenario is faster than the first scenario and the existing conditions. Therefore the second scenario was chosen as the design of the machine layout improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design verification for a small Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system under Malaysian tropical climate. The two design methods applied in this study were Mathematical Sizing (MS) model, which claimed to be one of the best sizing methods under Malaysian tropical climate and PVSYST commercial software. The comparison on the design results demonstrated that MS and PVSYST sizing methods have similarities but also differences. The study verified that both methods showed that increasing the system voltage, will reduce the required battery capacity. Significantly, the PVSYST software was found to oversize the battery bank and PV modules capacity required to meet the total energy required from load profile assessment. The differences encountered between the MS and PVSYST software were conceivably due to the different design parameters setting namely the minimum PV module temperature threshold, ambient temperature and battery parameters involved in the design calculation. This study has highlighted several technical understandings on designing SAPV system in both design methods, that can facilitate the PV system designers to evaluate the assumptions and mathematical models applied specifically in each sizing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main trends in telecommunications industry is the increasing complexity and scale of operational processes accompanying the control systems transition to service-oriented, programmable and software-controlled architecture. Implementation of functions related to the network management and control processes automation and providing services requires development of a new structured approach for further use in the practical context. This paper proposes a method for constructing future intent-based networks based on using the system simulation methodology and on the open digital architecture notation. Management and control system uses double feedback during the main stages of design, development, implementation and deployment. Effectiveness of solutions at each project iteration is evaluated taking into account requirements of the previous iteration, their real implementation and requirements of the next iteration. Study results could be used in design and operation of future communication networks implementing the intent-based control concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at short review for existing approaches for modelling of conditions in tunnel kilns used for production of ceramic bricks. The paper reports common methods used so far and selects the most efficient that can be used for optimization of existing kiln. Based on the survey, appropriate mathematical and physical models are selected and the computational model is recommended for further use within the research project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. Super Plastin is a company that produces various types of plastic bags. Poor layout of production machines causes the distance of moving raw materials to be high. Therefore it will affect the transfer time of raw materials to be increased. The research aims to design a simulation model of machine layout and improve the layout using the Group Technology concept. The first step is to evaluate the layout of the production machine by direct observation to describe the process flow. Then design a simulation model for the layout of the existing conditions. The simulation of the existing conditions resulted in a production time of 7.02 hours for 200 sacks of mixed materials. Validation of the simulation model using actual data shows that the model is valid to represent the actual system. The scenario for improving the layout of the extruder room is to group machines of the same type and place them close together. The production machines consist of 4 mixer machines and 68 extruder machines. The extruder machine consists of 2 types, namely the SP and the GS machine. The SP machine is a small machine capable of making plastic bags with a thickness of 0.14 mm and an average width of 10-15 cm. The GS machine is a machine that is larger than the SP machine so that it is capable of producing plastic bags with a thickness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm and a width of 5 cm to 45 cm. The first scenario puts the GS machine extruder at the front, simulation results in 6.60 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. While the second scenario puts a GT extruder machine in the back, resulting in a simulation time of 6.11 hours to produce 200 sacks of mixed material. Based on the Bonferroni statistical test of average similarity, the average production time of the second scenario is faster than the first scenario and the existing conditions. Therefore the second scenario was chosen as the design of the machine layout improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterial composites are generally found to have great thermal properties and hence have witnessed an increasing demand in the recent years for manufacturing of efficient miniature electronic devices. The process of finding the right composites that exhibit the desired properties is a rather tedious task involving a lot of trial and error in the current scenario. This paper proposes a methodology to digitize and automate this entire process by administering certain efficient practices of assessing the properties of nanomaterial like Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics thus resulting in faster simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the development of a digital model of the cooler to calculate in advance the technical characteristics of refrigerating units. The simulation method is used to compare and present the measurement and calculation results through the simulation model. The mathematical model of refrigerating units has been studied and improved. It was concluded that technical characteristics of refrigerating equipment can be specified by means of computational methods. The model developed can be used during the energy audits of enterprises by the experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the physico-mathematical model of the airflow in the vicinity of the surfaces of the generating sets. Using the developed model, we have carried out the numerical study on the air motion around the generating sets and obtained the distributions of the temperature and air velocity. We have determined the values of the heat fluxes under the natural convective and forced air flow regimes, providing thermostating of the electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and Virtual Reality simulation technologies are among the fast-growing consumer-level intelligent simulation technologies and have been great solutions to enhance the user experience (UX) and interactivity. Many studies have shown that these technologies do help in virtual educational applications, but a discussion and comparison of their effects on students' eLearning is quite limited. This experimental study focuses on evaluating the potential of AR and VR applications specially designed for eLearning purposes and tests the effects of intelligent simulations used in an e-learning virtual environment. This was done by presenting an online lecture both in VR and AR to two different groups of learners. The study was conducted among the students of multimedia in a reputed private university in India. The simulation technologies were compared in terms of participants' test scores, engagement, excitement, and level of distraction. Scores of both the groups were compared and reported along with the participant's perception of each simulation technology. Quantitative and Qualitative data acquired from both groups have been analyzed and the results indicate that AR works best when incorporated into e-learning. This is one of the first conceptual studies of comparison between VR and AR for interactive online teaching. Further, this paper discusses the inevitability of making new tools to enable instructors to become creators of AR/VR experiences in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, alongside the traditional statistical and semi-probabilistic methods, through which it is possible to obtain an estimate of the road network performances whatever its geometric-functional configuration, the use of microscopic traffic simulation techniques is widespread, allowing a "dynamic" approach to the problem (e.g. evaluation of infrastructural interventions, traffic management, etc.). The traffic micro-simulation models are able to analyze and process, instant by instant, the movement of single vehicles on the network, on the basis of laws related to the vehicle movement and the driving behavior. Based on this premise, this study proposes an overview of traffic simulation models, with a focus on the advantages of microsimulation. In this direction, the paper presents an application to a real case study in the city of Catania (Italy), in order to evaluate the impact of different traffic regulation strategies in terms of level of service (LoS), road emissions and fuel consuption through scenario evaluations. First results demonstrates that traffic modeling and the implementation of microsimulation tools represent a valid support for the transport policies assessment, providing a basis for future research steps that will address the simulation of larger areas, through before and after analysis and the evaluation of different key performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas as an energy source is increasing its popularity in both small- and large-scale applications. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process requires heat to produce biogas effectively, which can be supplied via a solar system. The suitability of integration of solar thermal energy in anaerobic digestion was researched through this paper. With the help of TRNSYS software, a 0.2 m3 simulation model of the digestor reactor along with a 2m2 PV solar thermal system was built. A study was done in an atmospheric condition of Rockhampton in Central Queensland based on the thermal activity and dynamic behavior of the structure. Cow manure was used as a feedstock in the system. The simulation was run for predicting the daily average temperature within the AD of a typical month in summer and winter. The simulation was also done for predicting the biogas production in typical summer and winter months, and for all seasons in Australia. The simulated temperature was found to be the temperature of the biogas production at a mesophilic temperature of about 35°C. The result showed that the maximum predicted temperature was found to be 35.98 °C in the summertime and 35°C in wintertime. The result also showed that the maximum biogas production is 84.45L/day in summertime and 72.33 L/day in wintertime. So, the solar heating system can help increase the bio-digester temperature which contributes to the production of biogas in the AD system. Thus, the developed model can be considered as an accurate tool to predict biogas production in Central Queensland (Rockhampton) climate for solar-assisted AD systems. It is expected that the simulation model can be extended to predict biogas production from solar-assisted AD systems in other climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electromagnetic system with a single input and sole output is presented in this paper. With the proposed controller, the sliding mode controller is no longer restricted to figuring out the sliding surface parameters. For the system performance to be stable and robust, the controllers are designed with flexibility of the parameter range. The variation of model parameters due to modeling and external disturbances or uncertainties in the real time systems can be taken into consideration by the proposed controller. The controller is choosing such that the stability of the system during reaching and sliding phase are ensured by Lyapunov's stability Theorem. An analysis of the proposed controller found that it has a simple structure and a set of tuning equations that are results of measurements of desired performance In uncertain real systems or systems where plant-model mismatches exist, flexible sliding surfaces and hyperbolic switching control offers highly useful control. The example of electromagnetic system demonstrated in the simulation provides applicability of the proposed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniature jet engine is designed and constructed using an existing turbocharger with the calculated dimensions of the combustion chamber. This paper discusses the design, modelling, and simulation of the combustion chamber according to the theoretical calculations. The combustion chamber consists of an inner liner (flame tube) and an outer casing. Simulation is done using Autodesk Fusion 360 software, to study the performance of the combustion chamber under various thermal stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling cylindrical manipulator with three degrees of freedom for pick and place operation considered forward kinematics using Denavit-Hartenberg (DH). Transformation of manipulator from one position to the other mathematicallydone using DH. The output of theoretical results such as joint angles and link length is considered as input for robotic toolbox in MATLAB. Pneumatic manipulator is built-in automation studio software andverified the simulation. Threepneumatics cylinders are considered for the development of three degrees of freedom manipulator connected in sequence for each operation. The main concept of this paper is to build a pick and place pneumatic manipulator using Automation studio (AS)and simulate. Thepick and place pneumatic manipulator aredeveloped and controlled by Programmable logic control (PLC) ladder logic in AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difficulty in manufacturing the resonator mirrors to produce a laser beam within the X-ray wavelength range, as well as to eliminate the losses associated with the production of the laser beam inside the resonator. Therefore, it has been proposed to generate short-wavelength a free electron laser radiation pass through a long undulator without a resonator, called self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). In this paper, a laser system was designed and simulated using Matlab program. A program has been created that contains many parameters. Through the results obtained for the values of power and wavelength in the case of the presence and absence of the resonator, it was concluded that it is possible to dispense with the resonator, and to obtain the same values of output power and wavelength by increasing the undulator length or the electron energy, to compensate for the absence of the resonator, which leads to an increase in the number of generated photons, thus an amplification of the laser radiation and output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of a mathematical model for the control system of a small-sized crawler felling machine for forest thinning. The substantiation of the choice of the section connection diagram is made, the analysis of the resistance to rotation loads is carried out and the forces arising in the hydraulic cylinders are determined. On the basis of the data obtained, a mathematical model of the control system of a two-link tracked feller was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents modelling and simulation of a grid tied solar PV inverter using incremental conductance MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technique. Photovoltaic energy is an essential source of renewable energy, researches on solar photovoltaic inverter using different MPPT techniques was carried out these days, based on these advanced studies a modified incremental conductance control algorithm was suggested. In this method maximum power point tracking can be achieved rapidly. The performance of photovoltaic cells has been greatly improved. The Inverter control system adopts advanced control algorithm which has high speed and flexibility that can significantly reduce harmonic current and the power quality can be improved. The study has been done in the field of inverter technologies and the inverter is modelled with the aim of low cost and high reliability. The simulation result under MATLAB/SIMULINK shows the mathematical modelling of photovoltaic inverter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, simulation modeling of ore transportation processes is presented in a mining and processing enterprise building a model in a simulation system BPSim; conducting experiments with initial parameters; analysis of experimental results; diagnostics of process bottlenecks and recommendations for their elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the development of the modeling and simulation of an elevated temperature particle lift intended to transport solid particles from the lower temperature storage bin to the top of the commercial-scale solid particle concentrated solar power tower. Traditional industry spreadsheet modeling is used as a starting point for the development of a complex non-linear design optimization model and a physics-based dynamic model that has the ability to simulate failures and analyze the particle response to such failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant developers of parabolic trough collector (PTC) systems for industrial steam generation face various challenges. Some of the main challenges are availability of land, buildings in the vicinity of the plant that cast shadows on the collectors as well as land restrictions. The typical north-south collector axis alignment in many cases may not be possible due to limits of available ground. These were challenges that were faced in the planning phase for installing a PTC plant on the premises of the KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd factory in Limassol, Cyprus. As these issues cannot be avoided they must be accounted for by the plant developer, especially when a performance guarantee is given. This work presents, amongst other things, factors that should be analysed in order to predict the energy yield in the planning phase as best as possible by using a simulation model. In the sensitivity study presented in this paper, several effects on the energy yield were investigated theoretically. These effects include: Tracking inaccuracy, non-parallel collector row axis orientations as well as north-south vs. east-west collector alignment. A dynamic simulation model developed by the Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ) [1] was further developed and used for the analysis. The simulation model features a deviation between the measured and simulated oil temperature at the collector outlet of only 1.5 K (rms). The findings are presented in this paper and give an insight into the effectiveness of mid-sized PTC systems for the industry sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the shortcomings of the existing calculation models for dynamic thermal line rating, Live Simulation Model (LSM) based on the conductor temperature model is proposed in this paper. Because there are many unknown parameters in engineering practice, the dynamic thermal line rating calculated by LSM has a large error. In this paper, the unknown parameters are added to LSM, and the unknown parameters are obtained by using intelligent optimization algorithm, so as to modify the physical parameters in the calculation model and ensure the accuracy of the dynamic thermal line rating. And the calculated results are 35.5% higher than the standard line rating, which means the improvement are obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the application of a physics-based simulation model, aimed at predicting the performance curves of pumps as turbines (PATs) based on the performance curves of the respective pump. The simulation model implements the equations for estimating head, power and efficiency for both direct and reverse operation. Model tuning on a given machine is performed by using loss coefficients and specific parameters identified by means of an optimization procedure, which simultaneously optimizes both the pump and PAT operation. The simulation model is calibrated in this paper on data taken from the literature, reporting both pump and PAT performance curves for head and efficiency over the entire range of operation. The performance data refer to twelve different centrifugal pumps, running in both pump and PAT mode. The accuracy of the predictions of the physics-based simulation model is quantitatively assessed against both pump and PAT performance curves and best efficiency point. Prediction consistency from a physical point of view is also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the influence of AC system on DC system, this paper presents a method of region identification which threatens the stable operation of DC system from the perspective of static analysis. Firstly, the directed lossless network model of AC/DC hybrid system is established, and the initial direct network domain is quickly formed based on the power flow downstream tracking method. Secondly, the boundary branch in the initial direct network domain is interrupted and calculate the voltage offset factor at the AC side of the DC system to correct the boundary branch. According to the types of boundary nodes in the initial direct network domain, the scalar function PI is defined by changing the generator output power to correct the boundary generator node. For the boundary load node, this paper correct them based on the static energy function model. Finally, the simulation of IEEE39-bus system verifies the correctness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenges in improving oil recovery on carbonate reservoir which still have high remaining reserves are naturally fractured and heterogeneous properties of the rock. Those factors contribute to selecting the applicable EOR method. Polymer injection is one of the best candidates for the EOR method in a sweeping efficiency in carbonate reservoir implementation. This paper's main purpose is to observe the best polymer concentration to produce the highest oil recovery. The sensitivity of some scenarios is approached by using the black oil model simulation method. Several concentrations of the polymer are implemented in the simulator, the responses of oil and gas production are recorded. The simulation is constrained by a minimum of surface water rate is about 1572 bbl/day and a minimum BHP is about 2500 psia. The sensitivity of polymer concentration is conducted by 3 scenarios, those are 700 ppm; 1200 ppm, and 2200 ppm. The results show that injecting 1200 ppm polymer provides the highest incremental oil recovery is about 9%. It means higher polymer concentration is not always equal to higher oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the sparse variable selection problem is considered for the Gaussian linear models. Varying forms of nonconvex penalties have been investigated for solving sparse variable selection problem with a specific interest in finding a solution under different forms of convex algorithmic structure. Specifically, this study investigates the solution paths of three different algorithms that utilized the coordinate-wise descent optimization technique. The three algorithms considered are the Least Absolute Selection Operator (LASSO), Minimax Concave Penalty (MCP or MC+) and the SparseNet. The predictive performances of the algorithms were studied for comparison using a Monte-Carlo simulation of several linear regression modelling scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]