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This paper proposed the modelling and simulation of generator protection for power system using digital reverse power relay. The operations of the power plant are often interrupted by the reverse power generation. Therefore, generators need to be closely monitored and controlled. In this study, 11 kV synchronous generators are connected to 220 kV load through a step-up transformer, and a new model of reverse power relay is added for generator protection. The reverse power relay proposed in this paper is a digital relay with high accuracy and high reacting speed. Several cases based on various types of mechanical inputs to the generator were studied to test the operation of the reverse power relay. This simulation was done using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the 11 kV generator protection is successful with this new model reverse power relay. Besides, the simulation results were similar result compared to the theory result. From the simulation results, the integral output of the relay will reach the threshold value ‘L’ whenever there is a reversed power flow fault found in the system. Consequently, the relay will be triggered to provide protection for the generator. This model has been added into online resources of MATLAB Power System Tools. In addition, this model may also help the engineers to develop the analytical skills under various conditions.

The KDamper is a novel passive vibration absorption concept, based essentially on the optimal combination of appropriate stiffness elements, which include a negative stiffness element. In this paper, the implementation of the KDamper as a seismic Absorption Base (KDAB) is considered. The paper proceeds to the assessment of the performance of the KDamper as seismic absorption base in a typical flexible 5-storey concrete building structure with a fundamental period of 0.5 sec. The structure is excited by artificial accelerograms, generated to be compatible with the highly demanding Eurocode 8 case C with a PGA of 0.36g, and by real earthquake records. The performance of the KDAB is compared not only to the original structure but also to the cases of conventional and highly damped base isolation systems, as well as the case of a Tuned Inerter Damper (TID). Alternative options for the selection of the KDamper natural frequency are considered, leading to two limit cases. In the first case, the nominal KDamper frequency is selected equal to the low frequency of a conventional base isolation system, resulting in a drastic improvement of the overall structural performance. However, another interesting option is revealed, which foresees the implementation of the KDAB with a nominal frequency much higher than that of the base isolation system. This choice leads to a drastic reduction of the relative base displacement, in the order of few centimeters, combined with acceptable structural performance with respect to drift and absolute acceleration. As a consequence, the KDamper can be implemented as “stiff seismic absorption base”, overcoming the disadvantages of the conventional base isolation systems, and thus leading towards alternative seismic protection technologies.

Newly developed 3D reconstruction technology has many uses ranging from facial recognition, self-driving vehicles, and producing accurate models of samples. To utilize 3D reconstruction, a depth map of the sample must be generated from a series of images. This can be done using stereoscopic 3D, or in the case of a fixed camera (such as the 10ID On-Axis Microscope at NSLS-II used for this paper) through focus stacking. This paper will explain how focus stacking can be used to generate in-focus images at very shallow depth of fields, and merge these images to create depth maps and 3D models.

One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) can control handling systems easily because each valve can be drive to open and close immediately as requested from the sensor. It was also demostrated that the timing chart monitoring confirms the control of flowchart process description for the new fresh fuel loading.One of the vital components for the pebble reactor is the fuel handling system which was employed to load, recirculate and discharge the depleted fuel during the operation of reactor. The previous fuel handling design and experience of the High Temperature Reaktor 10 MWth (HTR-10) and HTR-PM were beneficial for the development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reaktor (HTGR) in Indonesia such as for the Reaktor Daya Eksperiment (RDE) 10 MWth and PELUIT 150 MWth. One of the focus for the development especially for the control is an important factor to ensure that the reliability and the safety during operation were guarantee. Therefore, aims of this paper is to understand and develop the automatic control system of the fuel handling. The development was done by applying the logic flowchart of the fuel handling HTGR with the HTR-10 as the reference. Some modification was made considering the future application in Indonesia It was demonstrated that the automation systems with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)...

The advent of Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) systems have aided the rapid manufacturing of composite aerospace structures. One of the challenges that AFP systems bring is the variability of the deposited prepreg tape layers, which are prone to gaps, overlaps and twists. The current detection method used in industry involves halting fabrication and performing a time consuming visual inspection of each tape layer. Typical AFP systems use a quartz lamp to heat the base layer to make the surface tacky as it deposits another tape layer. The innovation discussed in this paper is to use the preheated base layer as a through transmission heat source and inspect the newly added tape layer in situ using a thermographic camera mounted onto the AFP structure. Such a system would not only increase manufacturing throughput by reducing inspection times, but would also aid in process development for new structural designs or material systems. To this end, a small thermal camera was mounted onto an AFP robotic research platform at NASA, and thermal data was collected during typical and experimental layup operations. The data was post processed to reveal defects such as tow overlap/gap, wrinkling, and peel-up. Defects that would have been impossible to detect visually were also revealed in the data, such as poor/loss of adhesion between plies and the effects of vacuum debulking. This paper will cover the results of our experiments, and the recent progress on the data reduction algorithms in preparation for machine learning development.

We proposed the design of a respiration system based on laser reflection for an infant incubator that is able to continuously operate. The device consists of a laser diode (λ=650 nm; P=5 mW), a paper reflector, photodiode array as a detector, comparator, microcontroller Arduino UNO R3, and LCD. Also, there is a buzzer for anticipating emergency situations such as apnea. It utilizes the reflection of laser light on paper reflector attached to an infant simulator. Next, the reflection will be received by photodiode array and comparator which connects to the Arduino UNO R3. Then, the result was displayed on an LCD. From the experiment results, it was indicated that the system could measure respiratory rate from 10 up to 70 breaths per minute with an error of 2.357%.

To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provided to highlight the effectiveness and sustainability of proposed cryptosystem and to prove that the cryptosystem is secure for usage.To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provid...

Growing energy consumption leads to discovery of new technology to accommodate global energy demand. Stirling Engine is one of the traditional engine which can harvest solar energy with minimal modification on the configuration. This paper covers literature review on Solar Powered Stirling Engine technology. The development of traditional Stirling Engine will be discussed on earlier part. The second part covers the integration of solar power with Stirling Engine and application of this combined system in industry. There were many researches and studies carried out previously on the development and application of traditional Stirling Engine and solar powered Stirling Engine. This paper is focus on optimization of performance of Solar Powered Stirling which will provide comprehensive details on the factor needed to be optimized in order to develop all rounded Solar Stirling Engine for future studies.

The reliability of the crane product in engineering is the core competitiveness of the product. This paper used Monte Carlo method analyzed the reliability of the weld metal structure of the bridge crane whose limit state function is mathematical expression. Then we obtained the minimum reliable welding feet height value for the welds between cover plate and web plate on main beam in different coefficients of variation. This paper provides a new idea and reference for the growth of the inherent reliability of crane.

In this paper, an altitude control system is designed to increase the positioning accuracy of a mini-UAV on the z-axis of the inertial system and to improve conventional altitude control systems relying only on GPS, barometer or laser sensors which may have significant errors in certain flight conditions. The main objective of the mini-UAV is to monitor and detect a Corona Discharge that usually occurs on high voltage powerlines which implies a very good infrastructure in terms of on-board equipment because of the danger which occur when UAV flies quite close to the powerlines and into an intense electromagnetic field. To design the altitude controller for the longitudinal dynamics a control structure method, based on successively closed loops with different types of classic controllers was used. We concluded that the command structures with speed constraint was necessary to implement a speed device that automatically maintains a constant speed. Thus, the speed device is trying to maintain a constant speed using the throttle control. After modelling the longitudinal dynamics, numerical simulations were performed in MATLAB, Simulink and the obtained results confirmed a good performance of the proposed control strategy flight altitude control based on the automated speed device.In this paper, an altitude control system is designed to increase the positioning accuracy of a mini-UAV on the z-axis of the inertial system and to improve conventional altitude control systems relying only on GPS, barometer or laser sensors which may have significant errors in certain flight conditions. The main objective of the mini-UAV is to monitor and detect a Corona Discharge that usually occurs on high voltage powerlines which implies a very good infrastructure in terms of on-board equipment because of the danger which occur when UAV flies quite close to the powerlines and into an intense electromagnetic field. To design the altitude controller for the longitudinal dynamics a control structure method, based on successively closed loops with different types of classic controllers was used. We concluded that the command structures with speed constraint was necessary to implement a speed device that automatically maintains a constant speed. Thus, the speed device is trying to maintain a constant spee...

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).

A multi-channel isolation power supply is designed for the problems of different MOSFET or IGBT in the non-equipotential circuit in this paper. It mainly includes the square wave generation circuit, the high-frequency transformer and the three-terminal stabilized circuit. The first part is used to generate the 24V square wave, and as the input of the magnetic ring transformer. In the second part, the magnetic ring transformer consists of one input and three outputs to realize multi-channel isolation output. The third part can output different potential and realize non-equal potential function through the three-terminal stabilized chip. In addition, the multi-channel isolation power source proposed in this paper is Small size, high reliability and low price, and it is convenient for power electronic switches that operate on multiple different potentials. Therefore, the research on power supply of power electronic circuit has practical significance.

With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key components is presented, aiming at revealing the characteristics and rules of finite element modeling of nuclear power valves, and putting forward aprecision control strategy for finite element models for nuclear power valve characteristics analysis.With the progress of China’s nuclear power industry, nuclear power plant valve products is in a period of rapid development, high performance, low cost, short cycle of design requirements for nuclear power valve is proposed, so there is an urgent need for advanced digital design method and integrated design platform to provide technical support. Especially in the background of the nuclear power plant leakage in Japan, it is more practical to improve the design capability and product performance of the nuclear power valve. The finite element numerical analysis is a common and effective method for the development of nuclear power valves. Nuclear power valve has high safety, complexity of valve chamber and nonlinearity of seal joint surface. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate prediction models for earthquake prediction and seal failure to meet engineering accuracy and calculation conditions. In this paper, a general method of finite element modeling for nuclear power valve assembly and key compone...

Image segmentation methods are essential in computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm to detect a hand in an image and then to create a convex hull around it. A hand thus detected, via a stationary video camera placed in front of the user, could serve to control robots of various kinds. This goal is achieved by proposing a new process of hand segmentation and recognition utilizing Open CV image processing framework. The algorithm is able to identify hand in the picture and prepare the separated object for gesture recognition. Final implementation was written and verified in the C# language.Image segmentation methods are essential in computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm to detect a hand in an image and then to create a convex hull around it. A hand thus detected, via a stationary video camera placed in front of the user, could serve to control robots of various kinds. This goal is achieved by proposing a new process of hand segmentation and recognition utilizing Open CV image processing framework. The algorithm is able to identify hand in the picture and prepare the separated object for gesture recognition. Final implementation was written and verified in the C# language.

This paper aims to reduce inventory levels in the production process as well as to minimize the defective ratios resulting in these processes. This article presents the general use model with a special case. In the general use model, ratios of defectives have been taken at all workstation under consideration as well as the impact of the total cost function of the product. In the special case, the impact of the defective ratios is reduced. It means that the batch size was produced without defects (neglecting the defective ratios) and the impact rates of defective in the batch size. The paper also presented the analytical variations regarding defective rates changing to be fixed at all stages and measuring their impact on the batch size and the total cost of the product. Before that, recycling has been taken into consideration at all workstation under study and then analyzed by the program written. The model in the special case is more efficient, and it reduces costs, while it also reduces the size of the production cycle.This paper aims to reduce inventory levels in the production process as well as to minimize the defective ratios resulting in these processes. This article presents the general use model with a special case. In the general use model, ratios of defectives have been taken at all workstation under consideration as well as the impact of the total cost function of the product. In the special case, the impact of the defective ratios is reduced. It means that the batch size was produced without defects (neglecting the defective ratios) and the impact rates of defective in the batch size. The paper also presented the analytical variations regarding defective rates changing to be fixed at all stages and measuring their impact on the batch size and the total cost of the product. Before that, recycling has been taken into consideration at all workstation under study and then analyzed by the program written. The model in the special case is more efficient, and it reduces costs, while it also reduces the size of the p...

LS-type screw conveyor has been extensively used in the transportation of powder coal mine. Reasonable selection and design of the structure and parameters of conveyor body is the most significant for the transportation of powder coal mine. The whole structure and the working principle of the LS-type screw conveyor were introduced in the paper. And then the design and calculation formula of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor body, such as screw shaft, spiral blade and intermediate bearing are given. This paper makes a further research on design of key components on LS-type spiral conveyor, providing theoretical basis for the application of the screw conveyor in powder coal mine.

At the present time the maintenance of the welded construction serviceability over normative service life is provided by the maintenance system on the basis of the guiding documents according to the concept of “fail safe”. However, technology factors relating to welding such as high residual stresses and significant plastic strains are not considered in the guiding documents. The design procedure of the stressed-strained state of welded constructions is suggested in the paper. The procedure investigates welded constructions during welding and the external load using the program ANSYS. In this paper, the model of influence of the residual stress strain state on the factor of stress intensity is proposed. The calculation method of the residual stressed-strained state (SSS) taking into account the phase transition is developed by the authors. Melting and hardening of a plate material during heating and cooling is considered. The thermomechanical problem of heating a plate by a stationary heat source is solved. The setup of the heating spot center on distance (190 mm) from the crack top in a direction of its propagation leads to the fact that the value of total factor of stress intensity will considerably decrease under action of the specified residual compressing stresses. It can lower the speed of the crack propagation to zero. The suggested method of survivability maintenance can be applied during operation with the purpose of increasing the service life of metal constructions up to running repair of technological machines.At the present time the maintenance of the welded construction serviceability over normative service life is provided by the maintenance system on the basis of the guiding documents according to the concept of “fail safe”. However, technology factors relating to welding such as high residual stresses and significant plastic strains are not considered in the guiding documents. The design procedure of the stressed-strained state of welded constructions is suggested in the paper. The procedure investigates welded constructions during welding and the external load using the program ANSYS. In this paper, the model of influence of the residual stress strain state on the factor of stress intensity is proposed. The calculation method of the residual stressed-strained state (SSS) taking into account the phase transition is developed by the authors. Melting and hardening of a plate material during heating and cooling is considered. The thermomechanical problem of heating a plate by a stationary heat source is solve...

The novel concept of comprehensive weld inspection with use of three sources of data (radiogram image, image composed of laser profilometer 3D data, CCD camera image) and weld images fusion is presented in the paper. The algorithms of data processing aimed at detection and visualization of weld flaws are roughly described. The special attention was paid at presentation and explanation of algorithm for aligning and spatial correction of images composed of data delivered by three independent sources. The results yielded by proposed algorithms for preprocessing of weld images, weld detection, feature extraction, shape extraction, shape matching, filtering, distortion correction, etc. are illustrated with several figures included in the paper. The concise description of designed and implemented laboratory stands is included in the paper too.

This paper presents the design of 5 V to 20 V DC switching regulator for power supply module. A voltage multiplier which consists of cascaded diode-capacitor combination is used in order to obtain a high voltage power supply. Due to power loss that has occurred in a stray of component arrangement, the proposed design employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller circuit with an inclusion of a capacitor, diode, and inductor components. The input supply of 5 V DC to LT1618 controller circuit has produced 20.35 V based from simulation results. Meanwhile, the measurement results of 19.36 V are obtained and the feedback signal is required for the purpose of stabilizing the output. The proposed design can reduce the components as well as the PCB size, thus minimizing the overall cost of making a switching regulator for power supply module.This paper presents the design of 5 V to 20 V DC switching regulator for power supply module. A voltage multiplier which consists of cascaded diode-capacitor combination is used in order to obtain a high voltage power supply. Due to power loss that has occurred in a stray of component arrangement, the proposed design employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller circuit with an inclusion of a capacitor, diode, and inductor components. The input supply of 5 V DC to LT1618 controller circuit has produced 20.35 V based from simulation results. Meanwhile, the measurement results of 19.36 V are obtained and the feedback signal is required for the purpose of stabilizing the output. The proposed design can reduce the components as well as the PCB size, thus minimizing the overall cost of making a switching regulator for power supply module.

Cognitive radio (CR) is the latest type of wireless technology and provides more flexibility in terms of spectrum utilization. in CR, secondary user uses primary user’s spectrum during primary user’s absence without interrupting the primary user’s transmission. However, the secondary user’s transmission is interrupted as primary user reconnects to their spectrum. The secondary user needs to identify a new available spectrum for retransmission. This paper presents the development of cognitive radio network using Android based smart phone for the data transmission. Both Bluetooth and WiFi spectrum detection are focused here. The used sensing method is energy based sensing method. The CR is developed using Java based Android Eclipse. The developed CR network is verified using Android based smart phone. Result shows that the proposed CR network is able to sense the spectrum with accuracy of approximately of 81%. The developed CR network is able to help secondary users to sense and use spectrum (licensed) for data transmission.

This paper discusses stereoscopic images gain using library in OpenCV on Python platform. The simple stereo camera system that can provide stereoscopic images in both as a picture (PNG) or as a video (AVI) is developed. The system comprises a stereo camera, a USB connector, a tripod, and a notebook with programming language of Python 3.7, along with the free library of OpenCV 4.0 installed inside the notebook. The system has successfully provided both images and videos. However, the spatial resolution and the frame rate depend to the specifications of the stereo camera being used. The camera resolution of 1280 × 360 with a frame rate of 5 fps is obtained based on the stereo camera specifications in this study. The disparity of the stereo camera as a function of distance of the camera to the object of interest is measured. From the experimental results, the p constant is 1059.4, q constant is -0.527 over a distance of 10–100 cm. It shows that farther the object from the camera, the disparity decreases. This system will be used for performing physical measurement in the future.

Recently, the extensive usage of electronic devices in the electrical system increases the magnitude of non-linear loads, significantly. These devices are essential at residential, factories, commercial, and office premises. Modern equipment which produced non-linear load are computers, heat pump, air conditioning system, light dimmer, and others. These appliances inject pulses into the system’s current waveform and generate harmonics throughout the electrical system. This phenomenon will increase the heating of utility and other appliances which resulting in system resonance and failure of the device. A lot of harmonic mitigation methods are now available to minimize the effect. The methods categorized into the passive, active, and hybrid harmonic filter. The efficiency of each method depends mainly on applications and conditions of the system, while others need extensive systems analysis. This review paper describes the different harmonic mitigation approaches with their standard circuit connection dealing with the electrical power system.

The quadrotor type of UAV (QUAV), is arguably the most popular type for civilian purposes, since it does not mandate a complicated remote controlling skill to operate it. This popularity, however, has yet to be balanced with research in mathematical modelling, design, and analysis. This paper describes a mathematical modelling process of a QUAV, by exploiting the usage of MATLAB/Simulink software. The main aim is to provide a proper mathematical model to design and evaluate the control system to maintain QUAV stability. Along with the model, three basic automatic control systems were also designed, i.e., the forward-speed hold, sideward-speed hold, and altitude hold system. Several simulations were conducted afterward, to test both the model and the designed control system, which showed satisfying results in representing a QUAV system. QUAV dynamic characteristics can be observed from the simulation, including the logical commands to alter the rotors thrust, the rotor limitation in handling many commands at once, the vehicle dependency of automatic control systems, and the fact that a motion in one degree of freedom can easily affected others. The developed model evidently has a good potential as a base for QUAV analyses and control design.

Cryptanalysis is the investigation of cipher content, ciphers and cryptosystems with the point of seeing how they work and finding and improving procedures for crushing or debilitating. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is one of the newest fields in cryptography field. This paper has proposed a new technique where classical techniques are replaced with new technique by changing characters with affine points. This technique avoids costly mapping.

Nowadays the automobile industry is largely driven by designs that complies with the laws and regulations governed by environment concerns. For instance, to counter noise pollution designer came up with the idea of muffler that considerably reduces the noise produced by the engine. An effort has been made to try and compare different models of a reactive muffler through case studies after cumulatively incorporating various changes that are generally considered beneficial. This paper compares the stock muffler with new designs by considering transmission loss as the deciding factor since it is a property of the geometry alone. The more the transmission loss the better the muffler is at attenuating the noise generated by the engine. However, another important factor that should be considered when designing a muffler is the Backpressure it creates on the engine as backpressure negatively impacts its performance. The design with the highest transmission loss along with a controlled backpressure is declared as the most effective design.

This paper presents the results analysis of switching’s effect when capacitor bank operation against the amount of inrush current on the circuit breaker. The capacitor bank switching causes inrush current and high-frequency oscillation if there are two or more capacitor banks connected on the same bus. When it occurs repeatedly, the insulation from the electric equipment will weaken and breakdown. For this reason, we propose a method to reduce the inrush current using new controlled switching. Switching control is used to find the time (t) of circuit breakers’ switching. So it can be seen the configuration of capacitor banks’ switching causes minimal inrush current. We have done a case study 3 capacitors using Simulink. Variables used are inrush current (ii), controlled switching time (t), and damping reactor (Lreactor). Inrush currents can be reduced by 99.8% using the proposed switching control method. The amount of inrush current is below the capability of the power breaker rating so that it does not cause a power breaker to interrupt and also does not cause overcurrent in the system. If the circuit breaker does not trip when there is a high inrush current in a short time, it can be dangerous for the electrical system equipment.

This paper presents the maintenance scheduling of transformer oil in Banaran Substation, Indonesia. Based on the function of the transformer is important to distribute electricity. If there was a fault, it can decrease the reliability of the transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to schedule the periodic maintenance of transformer oil to improve the power transformer reliability. So in this research using Markov method to analyze the reliability and availability of transformer oil. It happened because of Markov method can increase estimates effectively. This research adds the used parameters, namely the results of the DGA test with TDCG and the results breakdown voltage test. These parameters will be processed by using Markov method to find the value of reliability and availability with calculated using the deterioration rate (λ) and the repair rate (μ). The calculation results are simulated using Matlab R2014a, and the results show us that the reliability and availability of transformer oil decrease every month. The biggest decrease occurred on day 180 in a period of 365 days, with the value of TDCG is 9.844% and 3.395% while the value of breakdown voltage is 32.19% and 24.83%. Therefore, maintenance is carried out at least twice a year to improve the quality of transformer oil which functions as an isolation transformer and prevents transformer failure.

LoRa is a new technology platform for Internet of Think (IoT). LoRa was first developed and launched by Semtech Corporation in 2015. The presence of this technology provides a choice of wireless systems in addition to Wifi, bluetooth and GSM networks as infrastructure in Internet of Thinks. IoT is an information network that can connect various kinds of sensor and control equipment through the internet, with intelligent communication between connected equipment. The IoT system allows objects to be censored or controlled remotely through an access network thus creating an opportunity to directly integrate various physical objects into a computer system. IoT connectivity especially in embed devices has stimulated the creation of various intelligent systems that affect people’s daily lives. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on LoRa and its potential application to develop rural areas in Indonesia. Applications include smart agriculture, smart environments, smart flood sensors, water systems monitoring, healthcare, industrial control and data communication in rural areas.

Industry 4.0 implementation faces crucial problem when applied in labor-intensive manufacturing industries, which are common industries in Indonesia. The problem is that it requires a well-connected and transparent data among production elements. The purpose of this study was to solve the aforementioned problem by building a cyber-physical workstation system as bridges between the production elements in real world with object models in virtual world. The system acts as a tools monitoring system for obtaining real-time information of actual tools utilization, especially for hand tools which are mostly used in labor-intensive manufacturing industries. The utilization of cyber-physical workstation system model may be the best method for determining the actual utilization of production tool with simple architecture, affordable and minimum negative impact. Workstation monitoring system transforms attendance data tools in the work area and start-finish operation time event into actual tool utilization information. The major contribution of this paper is that the implementation of industry 4.0 on labor-intensive manufacturing industry has become enabled by using cyber- physical workstation system. It was shown that the usage time of each tool on each production operation can be monitored. Furthermore, the estimation of the actual duration of each tool utilization can be calculated. The resulted data will be further utilized as primary data input for building smart tools model.Industry 4.0 implementation faces crucial problem when applied in labor-intensive manufacturing industries, which are common industries in Indonesia. The problem is that it requires a well-connected and transparent data among production elements. The purpose of this study was to solve the aforementioned problem by building a cyber-physical workstation system as bridges between the production elements in real world with object models in virtual world. The system acts as a tools monitoring system for obtaining real-time information of actual tools utilization, especially for hand tools which are mostly used in labor-intensive manufacturing industries. The utilization of cyber-physical workstation system model may be the best method for determining the actual utilization of production tool with simple architecture, affordable and minimum negative impact. Workstation monitoring system transforms attendance data tools in the work area and start-finish operation time event into actual tool utilization informati...

The Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been adopted into various applications such as navigation or positioning, consumer electronics, medical electronics. It provides low fabrication cost, lightweight and low-power chip-based accelerometers and gyroscopes. The signals for inertial measurement unit (IMU) is greatly depends on the sensor’s proper installment. Due to this fact, these low-cost sensors are in great need of a calibration procedure. This paper presents evaluation and calibration of an inertial measurement unit, Ultra-Miniature 6 (UM-6). An experimental setup has been developed for this purpose. The UM6 sensor was placed on the setup and the sensor frame rotating around the standard coordinate system. An electrical circuit was designed to connect the sensor with personal computer. An UART serial protocol was used for communication. Data acquisition system based on Visual C++ was used for archiving of the measurement data, whereas further data processing was performed in Origin Pro 8. This raw experimental data was placed on a mathematical equation for developing calibration data and compare it with sensor provided calibration data for evaluation. The algorithm is shown to give good results using data from the IMU units. The experimental maximum error was 10%, 16.67% and 18.18% for gyro calibration and 9.34%, 7.92% and 13.07% for accelerometer calibration consecutively x, y and z coordinates. Hence the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method of calibration.

The methods of encryption and decryption are used to protect the transferred information through public channels. The symmetric cipher methods that are based on the shared secrecy are preferable for this purpose. Playfair cipher is one of the classical symmetric ciphers; it has some limitation because it uses 5×5 matrix. To overcome this limitation, we propose in this paper a new encryption and decryption method based on the classical playfair cipher by expanding it to an n×n matrix with permutation and transposition. The security and the efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated in comparing to the traditional and other modified playfair ciphers.

Additive manufacturing technologies are quickly becoming more accessible and are being integrated in the workflow of the manufacturing industry. These technologies are often used for prototyping in the product design process. However the fact that there is a limited choice of printing materials means that prototypes of rubber components can rarely be printed from the desired material as used for real production. This paper investigates the possibility of producing prototypes of vulcanised rubber components by injection moulding process using 3D-printed Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) inserts. This would allow the production of a batch of rubber parts without needing to produce a metal mould, which is both costly and time consuming.

Disorders related to the use of new psychoactive drugs (NPS) such as amphetamines account for a considerable share of the hospital admissions and fatalities attributable to drug use disorders, second only to those related to the abuse of opioids. According to the World Drug Report 2017 elaborated by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), amphetamine-like stimulants (ATS) such as methamphetamine represent the greatest global health threat. Hallucinogenic amphetamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and its analogues, account for an even larger number of fatalities. The latter compounds have no medical use and are controlled substances in most countries. However, despite their high toxicity, they are abused during rave parties for their euphoriant effect. Hence, new analytical instruments, allowing a more effective in-situ screening for NPS are highly needed. The most important challenge for such forensic instruments is their capacity to scan not only for the known NPS, but also for any compound having a molecular structure (hence a pharmacological activity) similar to the already known and controlled drugs of abuse. Such a new instrument, built within the DIRAC EU funded project, consists of a hollow fiber infrared spectrometer. In order to maximize its compactivity, the radiation source of this spectrometer is a quantum cascade laser (QCL). On the other hand, the use of a laser source of infrared radiation raises another challenge, i.e. obtaining the same detection efficiency as in the case of spectrometers generating the full infrared spectrum, despite the narrow spectral window in which QCLs are emitting. In this paper we are presenting the results obtained for two experimental setups, which were compared in order to find the most appropriate infrared source. Two QCLs, emitting in the spectral windows of 1550-1330 cm−1 (UT7) and 1405-1150 cm−1 (UT8) respectively, have been evaluated by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The initial database consisted of normalized spectra of the main ATS, hallucinogenic amphetamines and a similar number of negatives, representing miscellaneous substances of forensic interest. The dataset obtained by preprocessing these spectra with a w2MT feature weight has been used for the training process. The PCA plots have indicated the QCL generating the best clustering and which are the main absorptions that ensure a high quality class identity assignment. The potential cluster overlap has been assessed based on the estimated density distributions calculated with a normal kernel function. The results have been validated by using HCA, the quality of the clustering trees being assessed based on the cophenetic correlation coefficient.

Reliability program plan (RPP) for instrumentation and control (I&C) system with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology for the system platform should develop to ensure the reliability of systems and components both hardware and software since reliability is one of mandatory requirement from the regulator and industrial standards of nuclear power generating station safety system. Therefore, it is very important to arrange which methodologies and tools that will be used to verification and validation (V&V) both hardware and software which is concerned as reliable I&C system since it is mandatory to meet the safety system criteria because have to handle the complex safety I&C system. This RPP should be designed by referring to the condition of the type of the reactor. To be applied on 10MW high temperature gas- cooled reactor-test module (HTR-10) which is a high temperature reactor with gas coolant system, the design should be conditioned for high temperature environment. This paper present the RPP...

Electromagnetic pulse welding is an innovative technology suitable for joining various similar and dissimilar tube and sheet metal parts including dissimilar material combinations, which are difficult to join by conventional, i.e. thermal welding methods. In case of proper choice of process parameters, a high joint quality can be achieved. In literature this is often demonstrated by failure in the base material during destructive testing. However, no standard testing procedures for magnetic pulse welded joints have been agreed on and thus industrial implementation is severely complicated. Specifically, investigations regarding non-destructive testing are rarely available. The paper evaluates different testing and characterization methods. Specifically, metallographic analysis and lap shear tests are taken into consideration. Finally, Laser UltraSound (LUS) is presented as a new alternative for characterizing magnetic pulse welded joints. The technique is based on measuring laser ultrasound waves which are either transmitted through or reflected by the weld seam. A comparison of the results to those of the more established destructive testing methods shows, that LUS measurements absolutely allow qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding weld quality. Due to high automation potential, the method is a promising alternative for quality control in industrial manufacturing.

The design of stethoscope-based heart rate monitoring device for infant incubator applications was reported in this paper. This device utilizes a stethoscope as a heartbeat sensor which was placed on the incubator mattress. This heartbeat signal was then processed by a signal-conditioning electronic circuit. After that, the output was processed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller before being displayed on an LCD in the form of BPM (beat per minutes). The device is also equipped with a buzzer to indicate the absence of a heartbeat. The measurement results showed that the device could measure heartbeats from a baby’s back with a 3.23% possibility of error.

In this paper, a novel hardware-friendly reinforcement learning algorithm based on memristive spiking neural networks (MSNN-RL) is proposed. Neurons for spike coding are designed specifically to complete transformation between analog data and discrete spikes. Then, remote supervised method (ReSuMe) is used to combine SNN with basic reforcement learing (Sarsa). Besides, bionic memristive snynapses are designed to speed up ReSuMe. Furthermore, the circuit scheme of MSNN-RL is designed with modulation of memristor synapses. Finally, the application of MSNN-RL in acrobot system is discussed. Simulation results and analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm (MSNN-RL) and show it is superior to traditional apporach.

Mechanical clinching is recognized as a promising industrial technique to join dissimilar metal sheets by cold forming. In this technique, the metallic layers are joined by local hemming with a punch and die. The present paper aims at providing a finite element model for the mechanical clinching processes. To accomplish this, a locking-free element formulation (Q1SP) is employed which is essentially based on the reduced integration technique with hourglass stabilization. The performance of Q1SP element against locking is first demonstrated through a benchmark test. Then, a finite element model for the clinching process is developed. It is shown that the Q1SP element can efficiently reproduce the severe plastic deformations observed in a real clinching process. The results obtained by the FE model are then compared with experimental data. Additionally, the performance of the employed element is compared with the standard Q1 element. It is also shown that the standard Q1 element exhibits an artificial stiffness which may result in the underestimation of mechanical interlocking value. This deficiency can be adequately overcome by applying the Q1SP formulation.

Shielded enclosures are critical components of radiation safety at scientific, medical, and industrial facilities around the world. As part of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source Upgrade (CHESS-U), ADC has designed, fabricated, and installed highly modular shielded enclosures (“hutches” at synchrotron facilities). ADC utilized expert consultation offered by several facilities including engineers from Advanced Photon Source (APS)1–3 and Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS); with each facility providing guidance to assure that the design satisfies the rigorous radiation safety requirements. In this paper, ADC will discuss the design of these hutches, particularly the modular design elements which facilitate rapid installation to minimize downtime at the synchrotron.

In this paper, a three-dimensional CFD simulation of the air flow in a 14.4 MVA hydrogenerator in service at EDF is performed. This machine was selected because it presents a large axial temperature gradient in the stator core that imposes some load limitations. The computational domain includes all the main components of the hydrogenerator (rotor, stator, frame and housing) except for the coolers since they would require a much higher meshing and computational effort. The numerical results show a significant axial flow maldistribution across the stator ducts with a flow blockage in the bottom duct that is most probably responsible for the overheating observed in the bottom region of the stator core. This finding has been validated through air flow measurements that were performed at the outlet of several stator ducts using a custom sensor developed at Hydro-Quebec’s Research Institute. Furthermore, the computed windage losses in the hydrogenerator were compared with the measured ones and a discrepancy lower than 1% was found. Consequently, this numerical investigation has successfully proven the capability of a CFD model to reproduce the ventilation anomalies present in an operating hydrogenerator, as long as the input parameters of the model are carefully fixed. Moreover, this approach can provide engineers with useful information that could help them solve cooling issues.

The main objectives of this paper is to verify, for the first time, the possibility to model a solar optimizer developed in laboratory and connected to an un-shaded photovoltaic (PV) module, where his behaviors have been simulated by a commercial software, the Proteus Design Suite of Labcenter Electronics. For two different PV modules (a roof PV module and a PV module dedicated to 12V battery recharge) software simulations of I-V characteristics are compared to experimental curves. The very small differences between simulation and experimental results lead us to consider that such modelling is realistic for simple configuration, namely a solar optimizer supplying a single load. In a second time an association of two solar optimizers by output parallel coupling is designed and simulated with Proteus software. Large data files produced by Proteus software simulations require to reduce duration of studied phenomena, or else errors like insufficient memory may appear. Simulated behaviors as current injection of small PV module may be encountered when the physical conditions are not gathered, which is very astonishing, while other behaviors comply perfectly with physical reality. So, to verify the real behavior of parallel coupling an experiment is designed to highlight variations of electrical variables like PV module voltage and current without forgetting load voltage. This last experiment confirms effectively how PV modules with different specifications influence each other. Partial mismatch between simulation and experiment implies future strengthening in modeling process with Proteus software, expecting to verify that reason is not the complexity of the parallel association when electronical circuit begins to be heavy to treat. As other tracks of investigation, DC-DC converter model has to be improved, particularly with a more precise characterization of the autotransformer which is the key component of high voltage step-up. Finally, additional experiments have to be also planned with various loads (pure resistors and electronical load) to confirm or deny phenomena encountered when using particular load as incandescent lamps.

A low-cost brain-computer interfacing technology has been proposed for the automation of wheelchair. The authors have incorporated this interfacing technology by extracting brain –signal by placing electrodes properly on skull. 110-190 million physically challenged people, worldwide, need help to move. Researchers all over the world are suggesting and developing various methodologies in order to address this situation. The most common mode of movement is the use of wheelchair. But a wheelchair is not capable to help the said people to move independently. For them the application of brain computer interface (BCI) for the wheelchair movement is required to make the system automatic. The indigenously developed system is based on receiving, processing and classification of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and then controlling the wheelchair by developing a generalized microprocessor program. The signals recorded by the system are processed and classified to recognize the intent of the user. The system is designed using the training data followed by test data which is applied for performance measurement of the control system. The ultimate control of the wheelchair is done under real conditions by speed and direction control commands of the wheelchair. The proposed technique reduces the probability of misclassification and improves the control accuracy of the wheelchair. In this paper the authors have focused on making a cost effective wheelchair supported with BCI to help disabled people to lead an independent life through their brain signals using non-invasive techniques.

In the face of big data, long connection and high synchronization, TCP/IP network communication will cause performance bottlenecks due to its blocking multi-threading service model. This paper presents a method of TCP/IP network communication protocol based on Node.js. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of Node.js architecture and asynchronous non-blocking I/O model, the principle of its efficiency is discussed, and then compare and analyze the network communication model of TCP/IP protocol to expound the reasons why TCP/IP protocol stack is widely used in network communication. Finally, according to the large data and high concurrency in the large-scale grape growing environment monitoring process, a TCP server design based on Node.js is completed. The results show that the example runs stably and efficiently.

This paper presents a new integrated planning framework for effective accommodating electric vehicles in smart distribution systems (SDS). The proposed method incorporates various investment options available for the utility collectively, including distributed generation (DG), capacitors and network reinforcement. Using a back-propagation algorithm combined with cost-benefit analysis, the optimal network upgrade plan, allocation and sizing of the selected components are determined, with the purpose of minimizing the total system capital and operating costs of DG and EV accommodation. Furthermore, a new iterative reliability test method is proposed. It can check the optimization results by subsequently simulating the reliability level of the planning scheme, and modify the generation reserve margin to guarantee acceptable adequacy levels for each year of the planning horizon. Numerical results based on a 32-bus distribution system verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Various wireless, implantable and wearable devices are used for continuous monitoring of health condition. These devices consist of various type of biosensor such as pacemaker. The operational amplifier (op-amp) is an example of an extended device which is located at the front end of this biosensor. The op-amp plays an important role of amplifying the strength of a signal. This paper focuses on the development of a two stage CMOS op-amp in 0.13 μm technology using pseudo cascode compensation technique. The pseudo cascode compensation technology is proposed to enhance the stability of a circuit. The op-amp is implemented using 0.13 μm CMOS technology from Siltera (Malaysia) and is simulated using a Mentor Graphic Design Architect software package. The proposed op amp achieved DC gain of 57.87 dB, unity gain frequency of 57.390 kHz, bandwidth of 54.87 Hz and power dissipation of 3.02 mW for 50 μA external bias current. The op-amp shows exceptionally stable operation with phase margin of 80.65 ° and gain margin of 10.901 dB.

In this paper, texture classification is applied on coin image using coin recognition system. This system consists of training and testing phase. Based on Hough transform, firstly coin position will be identified in training phase. After the identification of the position, the texture feature will be extracted and uses these features to generate the dictionaries based on the Bag of word (BoW) approach. After extracting the texture feature, the image is divided into rings and fans structure and it follows the rotation invariant property. Further the features are quantized and generated a histogram to represent the texture features of the coin. In testing phase, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to train a model for each class of the coin. Experimental results show that the proposed system provides more accuracy of recognition rate when compared to related studies.

Conventional investment casting is one of the oldest and most economical manufacturing techniques to produce intricate and complex part geometries. However, investment casting is considered economical only if the volume of production is large. Design iterations and design optimisations in this technique proves to be very costly due to time and tooling cost for making dies for producing wax patterns. However, with the advent of Additive manufacturing technology, plastic patterns promise a very good potential to replace the wax patterns. This approach can be very useful for low volume production & lab requirements, since the cost and time required to incorporate the changes in the design is very low. This research paper discusses the steps involved for developing polymer nanocomposite filaments and checking its suitability for investment castings. The process parameters of the 3D printer machine are also optimized using the DOE technique to obtain mechanically stronger plastic patterns. The study is done to develop a framework for rapid investment casting for lab as well as industrial requirements.

Flaws that might be a result of the welding process have to be detected, in order to assure high quality thus reliability of elements exploited in aircraft industry. Currently the inspection stage is conducted manually by a qualified workforce. There are no commercially available systems that could support or replace humans in the flaw detection process. In this paper authors present a novel non-destructive system developed for quality assurance purposes of welded elements utilized in the aircraft industry.

This paper investigates the relay selection in energy harvesting cooperative networks, where the relays harvests energy from the radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by a source, and the optimal relay is selected and uses the harvested energy to assist the information transmission from the source to its destination. Both source and the selected relay transmit information using rateless code, which allows the destination recover original information after collecting codes bits marginally surpass the entropy of original information. In order to improve transmission performance and efficiently utilize the harvested power, the optimal relay is selected. The optimization problem are formulated to maximize the achievable information rates of the system. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed relay selection scheme outperform other strategies.

The objective of this paper is to present frequency response function (FRF) based updating as a method for matching the finite element (FE) model of a laser spot welded structure with a physical test structure. The FE model of the welded structure was developed using CQUAD4 and CWELD element connectors, and NASTRAN was used to calculate the natural frequencies, mode shapes and FRF. Minimization of the discrepancies between the finite element and experimental FRFs was carried out using the exceptional numerical capability of NASTRAN Sol 200. The experimental work was performed under free-free boundary conditions using LMS SCADAS. Avast improvement in the finite element FRF was achieved using the frequency response function (FRF) based updating with two different objective functions proposed.