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Lateral light scattering simulations of printed dots are analyzed using general radiative transfer theory. We investigated the appearance of a printed paper in relation to the medium parameters like thickness of the paper sample, its optical properties, and the asymmetry factor. It was found that the appearance of a print greatly depends on these factors making it either brighter or darker. A thicker substrate with higher single scattering albedo backed with an absorbing surface makes the dots brighter due to increased number of scattering events. Additionally, it is shown that the optical effects of print also depend on illuminating and viewing angles along with the depth of ink penetration. A larger single scattering angle implies less intensity and the dots appear much blurred due to the shadowing effect prominent when viewed from sides. A fully penetrated dot of the same extinction coefficient as a partial penetrated one is darker due to increased absorption. These results can be used in applications dealing with lateral light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We verify simulation results indicating that carbon ion irradiation increases the stiffness of single wall carbon nanotube bucky paper (SWCNT). 4 MHz longitudinal and 15 MHz shear ultrasonic signals were transmitted by means of dry-coupled acoustic horns through 40±4 μm thick samples and the time-of-flight (TOF) through the samples was measured. From the TOF the velocity of the wave was determined and the out-of-plane elastic and shear moduli were calculated. The nonlinearity parameter B/A for the irradiated and reference sample was measured. The results indicated a significant increase both in the shear modulus (90 %) and in the longitudinal modulus (69 %) for certain irradiation doses as predicted by simulations. In addition, a 36% increase in the acoustic nonlinearity parameter (B/A) was observed. The investigated fluence range was 1·1013 to 3·1014 cm-2. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers hybrid systems – dynamical systems that exhibit both continuous and discrete behavior, where interactions between the continuous and discrete dynamics occur when a pre-defined function becomes equal to zero. Thus, de-termination of zero-crossings plays a crucial role in the correct simulation of the system in this case. Correct determination of zero-crossings for a complex real-life system can require a lot of computational resources and, as a consequence, slow down the simulation significantly. This paper presents a new way to execute the simulation generating time observations of the hybrid sys-tem dynamically using numerical infinitesimals introduced by the Infinity Computer, allowing thus to determine zero-crossings correctly. The proposed method allows to automatically detect zero-crossings with any predefined accuracy and to analyze better the behavior of the system around the zero-crossings generating observations more densely, where it is necessary. Moreover, the search for zero-crossings is performed efficiently without re-evaluation of the whole system at any observation. To show the validity of the proposed method, an important real-life hybrid system has been studied and the simulation results have been compared with the standard method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at performing numerical simulations of the behavior of a planar model system consisting of a spherical absorber located in a supporting convex spherical cap. The derived system of nonlinear differential equations is subjected to a numerical solution. First, the time response of the system to harmonic excitation is analyzed. For this excitation, the frequency of the excitation was gradually changed, thus, resonance curves were created. This paper also examines the effect of initial conditions. For this purpose, numerical simulations of the system without an external excitation source have been performed. The results are phase portraits for selected pairs of initial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of the paper is characterized, catchment Behela, from point of view the hydro morphological and morphometric. The vegetation has a very important role in the formation of the runoff on hydrographical basin, one the one hand, because it influences the formation of soil types, and, on the other hand, because it determines the size of water infiltration possibilities, the reduction of evaporation and the reduction of soil erosion. Further, the paper aims to determine the runoff depth using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. A rainfall-runoff model is a mathematical model describing the rainfall-runoff relations of a catchment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business competition in the service sector in Indonesia makes the queuing model very important. This paper aims to find the optimal queuing model at the XYZ counter area service. The average customer arrival time in the ongoing XYZ model simulation with only one entry is 34.1 seconds. With three queue lines and three cashiers each accommodated with ten samples, the duration of service for each cashier independently is 61.4 seconds, 53.2 seconds, and 68.4 seconds. The number of customers served is 4 out of 16. This fact shows that this queue is not adequate for optimal service. The researchers made two simulation models for counter row reduction in this study. First, the researcher made two entries, four queue lines, and four counters. The number of customers served is 24 out of 67, which makes the first model has an effectiveness of 35.82%, which is more advanced than the effectiveness of the current model. Second, the researcher makes one entry, one queue line1, and one counter1. The number of customers served was 5 out of 16, making the alternative model 31.25% effective, which is also ahead of the current model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static VAr compensators (SVCs) are one of the types of FACTs devices which can control the transmission line voltages. A SVC generally regulates and controls voltage to the required set point under the normal steady-state conditions as well as abnormal conditions. In addition, a SVC can also reduce losses, increase transfer capability and maintain a constant voltage. The stepped distance protection is used for the protection of long transmission line. The distance relay continuously measured the impedance of transmission line in terms of distance. The apparent impedance measured by the distance relay is also affected due to presence of static VAr compensator. This paper represents the modeling and simulation analysis of stepped distance protection along with static VAr compensator. A detailed model of SVC is proposed which is integrated into 230kV and 300km long transmission line system. Simulation results show the effect of SVC on stepped distance protection operation during the different kind of abnormal condition. In this paper represents the impact of SVC on relay load ability limit; the setting of SVC control parameter and mode of operation for SVC is taken in to consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical reports show that as humans age, they experience color perception loss. It is caused by the yellowing occurring on the human lens and the reduction of the human pupil size. These occurrences change the spectral characteristics and reduce the amount of light at the retina. Thus, the images perceived become darker and yellowish as we grow older. Due to this, it may affect the accuracy of the information obtained from color images on websites and smartphone applications. To understand the difficulties experienced by the elderly, researchers have proposed methods to model their color perception. In this paper, we conduct a study on three existing methods that simulate elderly color perception. The study aims to understand their theoretical foundations and mathematical formulation. Also, we study the age-related change to the chromaticity and colors of the simulated images from these methods. Moreover, we also compute the color difference between the original and simulated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One method that can be used to optimize supply chain is system modeling and simulation. A hybrid simulation system is system which shaped from any rate distinct simulation modelling and demonstrating systems (e.g. discrete event, framework elements, specialist-based) and a singular calculated simulation system when executed in PC programming, utilizes more than one simulation worldview. Hybrid models allow to solve different mathematical models using a digital computer related to a solving problems strategy. In this study, an analysis will be carried out from the results of previous research, regarding the efforts made to increase supply chain productivity by using hybrid simulation. Every scientific article goes through a rigorous selection process to get articles that are in accordance with the objectives of this research. The references are based on 2006-2020 with six stages of research implementation. The results show the approach using hybrid simulation methods is the best way to analyse and evaluate a supply chain. Each simulation approach can provide actual information required for improvement of the supply chain. Improvements are generally carried out on ongoing basis for each specified period. Hybrid simulation is useful for decision making, centralized, decentralized supply chain, flexibility appraisal and hazard management in supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterial composites are generally found to have great thermal properties and hence have witnessed an increasing demand in the recent years for manufacturing of efficient miniature electronic devices. The process of finding the right composites that exhibit the desired properties is a rather tedious task involving a lot of trial and error in the current scenario. This paper proposes a methodology to digitize and automate this entire process by administering certain efficient practices of assessing the properties of nanomaterial like Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics thus resulting in faster simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the physico-mathematical model of the airflow in the vicinity of the surfaces of the generating sets. Using the developed model, we have carried out the numerical study on the air motion around the generating sets and obtained the distributions of the temperature and air velocity. We have determined the values of the heat fluxes under the natural convective and forced air flow regimes, providing thermostating of the electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to provide an initial background for the selection and calibration of the CFD model suitable for the simulation of firing process of ceramic bricks in tunnel kilns. Therefore, the most suitable model is selected based on previous literature review and its capability is demonstrated using a reduced-scale virtual experiment. Such experiment was designed to simulate conditions in the tunnel kilns and to provide data for further analysis. First, a simple spatial configuration of bluff bodies in the wind tunnel is investigated using laminar and turbulent model to validate and confirm the presumed flow regime. With this validation, the same CFD model is extended by the heat balance equation and the heat exchange dynamics between air and solid bodies for the same configuration is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) also called unmanned aircraft is often used for various purposes such as photography, carrying goods, to industrial monitoring. Most of the control schemes for the UAV such as quadcopter is using PID based controller because of low computational cost and simplicity, but this type of controller is unable to compensate for nonlinear disturbances such as harsh wind or frame vibration. This can be solved by using neural network control but there are several constraints in UAV application, such as weight limitation, power limitation, even compatibility of the system that can be solved by using small computer platform. Continuing on previous research for low level quadcopter control based on neural network, the next step is to implement this control in Hardware-in-the-loop format safely by using Pressure Process Rig data that had the same nonlinear characteristic. This paper explores Hardware-in-the-loop simulation development with several small computer platform in the neural network control application. In addition, variation between several hardware and TensorFlow version is carried out to determine the effect of each variation. This paper shows how the various hardware and even different version of programming library can affect the performance of the neural network model computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the spread of the Internet and a large number of network users, the problem of congestion on the network has arisen. This paper presents a strategy to reduce network congestion using clustering algorithms, K-means, and shortest path algorithms. The paper aims to solve the problems of congestion control, access to quality of service, reduce time wasted when sending and receiving network users, take advantage of network devices, and provide quality of service without data loss. The results of the proposed system simulation showed its effectiveness and accuracy through the simulation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean manufacturing was broadly implemented to reduce waste. This paper aims to design a simulation modelling to measure waste and cost reduction in lean manufacturing. This paper used integration of dynamic and agent based modelling to design a simulation model of waste measurement. The conceptual model was applied with data from a case study taken small and medium sized of Batik in Madura. A simulation model was then built to translate the conceptual model into a practical application. The simulation model was used to predict levels of total waste cost in different scenarios. The model was verified and validated through the construction simulation model with input from historical data from case study. This model aided decision makers in predicting level of waste cost by changing the value of variables in the interface on monitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project works towards developing a simulation tool using TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstems Simulation Program) software. Through the implementation of different technologies with a compartmentation method in the software (the use of macros), different combinations of these technologies are to be developed and combined in more complex structures (to be called decks). In this paper an example of these combinations will be shown and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are several simulation software based mainly on two different calculation methods that are used to design, analyze and optimize optical systems by simulating them with an ongoing effort to improve its velocity without losing accuracy. This paper presents two types of software. The first software uses the raytracing algorithm providing high accurate results but with very long execution time while the second one is an analytic software based on convolution methods where the results accuracy decreases and the execution time decreases dramatically too. The main goal of this work is to compare the results obtained from the simulations of central receiver plants using both types of software and demonstrate that the analytic software can achieve an acceptable accuracy (less than 1% comparing with ray-tracing) saving a great time of execution and consequently, make its use practical to the design of solar central tower plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an investigation of Hypervelocity impacts (HVI) experiments on porous graphite. Two porosity models are compared. In the first one, pore collapse is assumed to be an irreversible process during compaction, whereas the second one considers that pore collapse is mainly due to elastic, i.e. reversible, deformation. Various experimental data are analyzed and compared to simulations with both models. Three experimental data are in favor of the second model: i) volume recovering upon release after quasistatic oedometric tests; ii) crater shapes resulting from HVI experiments; iii) ejecta velocity distribution observed under HVI experiments. The detailed analysis of these results suggests that they are related to the modelling of release waves velocity, which is significantly different between both models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude and condensate assay variations over time is inevitable in refinery industries due to market conditions revolutions i.e., source availability and pricing, which subsequently impose changes in operation strategy and in due course revamping the plant to maximize profitability. For any typical existing refinery operating unit revamps, plant wide simulation model is typically being developed to assess the impact of these feed slate changes towards the processing units, its final product yield, specifications, and other design impact across the entire processing facility. This step is considered as one of the most crucial initial/front end steps which would dictate the extend of modification needed of that specific operating unit. This paper discusses on recommended method to accurately evaluate an assay data and to correctly synthesis a crude or condensate assay into a process simulator software prior to plant wide simulation model development. Lesson learnt within the refinery industries has shown that major design changes had occurred within project phases which contributed to millions of losses just due to an inaccurate assay synthesis process. Hence, adopting a thorough and accurate assay synthesis over a typical assay synthesis methodology shall be well-thought-out to tailor the objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas produced through anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic materials attracts the interest of researchers and developers throughout the world as one of the most sustainable ways. Despite its complexity, numerous mathematical models have been developed to represent the biological transformation of these organic waste. Thus, most researchers favor combining these models with simulation software to facilitate building the AD without actual experimental setup as it eases the evaluation and analysis process. This paper presents a wide-ranging review of different types of simulation software used in AD. It can be categorized into two types: equational oriented and sequential modular. These methods provide different benefits to the developers of biogas production in accordance with the objectives of the study conducted. It includes establishing process design criteria that help in equipment sizing, hence easing the estimation of capital and operating costs. This review discusses how different simulations are used on different case studies with different conditions and parameters based on past research achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the numerical approximation of a fluid-structure interaction problem is described with the main atten-tion paid to the simulation of computational models of human phonation process. The mathematical formulation of the problem is described that allows to treat the numerical simulation of the vocal folds contact resulting in the flow domain closure. The mathematical model is described, numerically approximated and numerical results are shown [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the paper is study on flexural vibration reduction of a laminated cantilever beam by Macro Fiber Composite active element embedded to its surface. The numerical simulations of the system using the Finite Element Method (FEM) are performed. The Abaqus software package is applied. The time-domain analysis using the implicit method is carried out. The excitation of the system by concentrated load as a periodic force is defined. The beam response recorded by the sensor is used in the proportional control (P). In this application the MFC element is activated with a voltage signal, which is directly proportional to the measured displacement. A subroutine UAMP is prepared for implementation of the control algorithm. The resonance curves for the beam with and without control system are determined. Next, the experimental studies are performed and both results are compared. It was found that the proportional control algorithm of the MFC element can be used to change the stiffness of the thin-walled beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radio communication and navigation play an important role in flight and airplane. The challenge is to locate a plane at any moment since taking off till landing. A simulation system for tracking aircraft traffic must be implemented over all its flight by determination a longitude and latitude on the earth. In this paper, a simulation system for completed flight has been done using Matlab (m_file and aerospace blockset simulink). This model animates aircraft direction and motion on 3D earth (by NED frame which attached with the model) while tracing the trajectory by an ordered list of cities with latitudes and longitudes as input. This model developed to guess the location of the aircraft at any moment during its journey within the airspace of earth. The simulation model shows how you can visualize airline routes on the globe which is helpful and active for aircraft navigation through the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the influence of AC system on DC system, this paper presents a method of region identification which threatens the stable operation of DC system from the perspective of static analysis. Firstly, the directed lossless network model of AC/DC hybrid system is established, and the initial direct network domain is quickly formed based on the power flow downstream tracking method. Secondly, the boundary branch in the initial direct network domain is interrupted and calculate the voltage offset factor at the AC side of the DC system to correct the boundary branch. According to the types of boundary nodes in the initial direct network domain, the scalar function PI is defined by changing the generator output power to correct the boundary generator node. For the boundary load node, this paper correct them based on the static energy function model. Finally, the simulation of IEEE39-bus system verifies the correctness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a optimization procedure for the design of geometrical configuration of acoustic bricks is presented. The optimization process combines both computational simulation approach together with genetic algorithm. However, for the successful solution several necessary tasks must be accomplished. First, the selection and implementation of proper acoustic model is needed and second, the method for generation of geometrical configuration for the solution by Finite Element Method must be found. Therefore, the paper does not only describe the optimization procedure with recent knowledge and achievements, but also proposes several future objectives necessary for successful solution of the optimization problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the solid work modelling of a Stewart Platform for rotational motions has been done. Three basic rotational motions as roll, pitch and yaw of sinusoidal motion with different amplitude have been studied with solid works modelling. The inverse kinematic modelling has been formulated in this work to find out the individual piston motion of the Stewart Platform. The corresponding piston motion have been extracted for the rotational motions and depicted with help of Matlab Simulation. The maximum range of the platform motions have also been established and tabulated which can be implemented in real time applications. The maximum possible range of the roll motion is with 18° amplitude, pitch motion with 17° amplitude and yaw motion with 14° with the available piston stroke length of 150 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the solid work modelling of a Stewart Platform for rotational motions has been done. Three basic rotational motions as roll, pitch and yaw of sinusoidal motion with different amplitude have been studied with solid works modelling. The inverse kinematic modelling has been formulated in this work to find out the individual piston motion of the Stewart Platform. The corresponding piston motion have been extracted for the rotational motions and depicted with help of Matlab Simulation. The maximum range of the platform motions have also been established and tabulated which can be implemented in real time applications. The maximum possible range of the roll motion is with 18° amplitude, pitch motion with 17° amplitude and yaw motion with 14° with the available piston stroke length of 150 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of intelligent robots, the requirements for robot response speed and control accuracy continue to rise. Field-Oriented Control is widely used to control the joint motors of robots. It is also called vector control. Compared with the six-step commutation method, it can control the torque and speed of the motor more accurately. In Field-Oriented Control, traditional PID control plays a feedback role. It can adjust the current value to control the torque and speed to ensure the stability of the system. However, in real life, when the robot is in different motion states, its working status is different. Traditional PID control has poor adaptability and robustness to changes. Therefore, multi-modal control is required for the motor control of the robot. In this paper, MATLAB is used to optimize traditional PID control, and fuzzy logic algorithms are added to make the system highly robust and adaptive. The simulation results show that the FOC control system based on fuzzy PID control has faster response speed, higher accuracy, and better robustness than the general FOC control system. As the demand for automation and intelligence continues to rise in the future, the FOC control system based on fuzzy PID control has higher precision, good stability, and adaptability, which can improve the control of industrial robots, autonomous driving, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present a unified methodology for the derivation and implementation of the continuous dynamics (equations of motion) and discrete dynamics (transition equations) that comprise the hybrid model of an passive biped robot. A developed general model derivation procedure is presented which generates a complete mathematical model for a selected underactuated bipedal robot. The generated mathematical models are implemented in Simulink using the Stateflow tool. The functionality of the proposed approach has been demonstrated using several case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process to give teaching assignments for the teachers or lecturers to the available days and times by meeting certain goals is called timetabling. The lecturer's availability, number of courses, type of courses, number of course credits, classroom availability, course start time, and course end time are the factors that affect the learning schedule that makes timetabling complicated especially in university. Therefore, by using a mathematical optimization model, timetabling process becomes easier. Although many mathematical models have been made to do timetabling, there is no general model that can use in every university. In this paper, Binary Integer Programming is used to build the learning schedule in the Mathematics Study Program of Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). The compulsory courses do not overlap, the courses with the same year are evenly distributed, the lecturer's schedule being unable to teach, the lecturer's schedule shouldn't be teaching, and the lecturer's schedule should be teaching become the consideration in this paper. Then, based on the given data, there are three outputs, that is the schedule of the lecturers, the schedule based on the course year, and the schedule based on the day. The schedule that has been made based on the model is quite good and can be implemented in the daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main trends in telecommunications industry is the increasing complexity and scale of operational processes accompanying the control systems transition to service-oriented, programmable and software-controlled architecture. Implementation of functions related to the network management and control processes automation and providing services requires development of a new structured approach for further use in the practical context. This paper proposes a method for constructing future intent-based networks based on using the system simulation methodology and on the open digital architecture notation. Management and control system uses double feedback during the main stages of design, development, implementation and deployment. Effectiveness of solutions at each project iteration is evaluated taking into account requirements of the previous iteration, their real implementation and requirements of the next iteration. Study results could be used in design and operation of future communication networks implementing the intent-based control concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automatic cab signaling system exercises a significant impact on train safety by transmitting signals from the leading "ground traffic light" to the driver's cab. It allows the driver to move with confidence at the set speed. System now operates under difficult climatic and electromagnetic conditions, which affects the system performance. Since the development of the automatic cab signaling system, the electromagnetic environment on the railroad has become much more complex. As a result of the long-term use of this system, a number of drawbacks and functional limitations have been revealed. In order to examine the expandability of the functional features of the automatic cab signaling — a simulation model of continuous automatic cab signaling with orthogonal frequency-code generator of code signals, using Matlab Simulink software environment. As a result the signal data with orthogonal frequency-code modulation has been obtained, when the model with the new generator is failure-tolerant, without changing the receiving part. Operational capabilities of the model are presented below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports simulation heuristics of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and shows an application example. MCTS introduced by Coulom is a best-first search where pseudorandom simulations guide the solution of problem. Recent improvements on MCTS have produced strong computer Go program, which has a large search space, and the success is a hot topic for selecting the best move. So far, most of reports about MCTS have been on two-player games, and MCTS has been used rarely for one-player perfect-information games. MCTS does not need admissible heuristic, so the application of MCTS for one-player games might be an interesting alternative. Additionally, one-player games like puzzles are determinately operated only by one player's decision, so the sequences of changes in state are describable as a network diagram with interdependence between operations. If MCTS for one-player games is available as a meta-heuristic algorithm, we can use this algorithm for not only combinatorial optimization problems, but also many practical problems. Especially, as MCTS does not fully depend on evaluation function, so the solutions based on MCTS remain effective if objective function is modified. This paper firstly investigates on the application of Single Player MCTS (SP-MCTS) introduced by Schadd et al. to a puzzle game called Bubble Breaker. Next this paper shows the effectiveness of new simulation strategies of SP-MCTS, and considers the differences between each parameter. Based on the results, this paper discusses the application potentiality of SP-MCTS for a scheduling problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the sparse variable selection problem is considered for the Gaussian linear models. Varying forms of nonconvex penalties have been investigated for solving sparse variable selection problem with a specific interest in finding a solution under different forms of convex algorithmic structure. Specifically, this study investigates the solution paths of three different algorithms that utilized the coordinate-wise descent optimization technique. The three algorithms considered are the Least Absolute Selection Operator (LASSO), Minimax Concave Penalty (MCP or MC+) and the SparseNet. The predictive performances of the algorithms were studied for comparison using a Monte-Carlo simulation of several linear regression modelling scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the utilization of the complex chaotic dynamics given by the several selected time-continuous as well as discrete chaotic systems, as the chaotic pseudo random number generators and driving maps for the chaotic optimization. Chaos based optimization concept is utilizing direct output iterations of chaotic systems transferred into the required numerical range or it uses the chaotic dynamics for mapping the search space mostly within the local search techniques. This paper shows two groups of complex chaotic dynamics given by either discrete systems or time continuous chaotic flows and oscillators. Simulations of examples of chaotic dynamics, implementation issues and possibilities are briefly discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first introduces the 18650 battery, describes the importance of the battery temperature sensor, uses Ansys Workbench finite element simulation software and the mean of the combination of displacement constraint and reaction force, studies the force and the size of the change of new energy vehicle battery temperature sensor in the loading, translation and unloading of the three cases, then make the test to verify its accuracy .At last, the test results are compared with the usual maximum acceleration of the vehicle in driving which verified the sensor of the car will not fall off in the car driving process and work normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an active queue management mechanism, considering the node's own ability and its importance in the network to set the queue threshold. As the network load increases, local congestion of mobile ad hoc network may lead to network performance degradation, hot node's energy consumption increase even failure. If small energy nodes congested because of forwarding data packets, then when it is used as the source node will cause a lot of packet loss. This paper proposes an active queue management mechanism, considering the node's own ability and its importance in the network to set the queue threshold. Controlling nodes buffer queue in different levels of congestion area probability by adjusting the upper limits and lower limits, thus nodes can adjust responsibility of forwarding data packets according to their own situation. The proposed algorithm will slow down the send rate hop by hop along the data package transmission direction from congestion node to source node so that to prevent further congestion from the source node. The simulation results show that, the algorithm can better play the data forwarding ability of strong nodes, protect the weak nodes, can effectively alleviate the network congestion situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how complex phenotypes arise from individual molecules and their interactions is a major challenge in biology and, to meet this challenge, computational approaches are increasingly employed. As an example, a recent paper [1] proposed a whole-cell model Mycoplasma genitalium including all cell components and their interactions. 28 modules representing several cell functions were modeled independently, and then integrated into a single computational model. One assumption considered in the whole-cell model of M.Genitalium is that all 28 modules can be modeled independently given the 1 second step size used in simulations. This is a major assumption, since it simplifies the modeling of several cell functions and makes the modeling of the system as a whole feasible. In this paper we investigate the dependency of experimental results on that assumption. We have simulated the M.Genitalium cell cycle using several simulation time step sizes and compared the results to the ones obtained with the system using 1 second simulation time step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for quantitatively calculating the responsibility of harmonic energy loss. First, we establish a Norton equivalent circuit at the PCC to obtain a harmonic loss calculation formula for the user and the background under the condition that the circuit equivalent parameters are known. For the background side of the PCC, the background fluctuation harmonic method is used to calculate the background equivalent harmonic impedance. For the user side of the PCC, the user equivalent harmonic impedance is estimated by calculating the fundamental impedance. Under the premise of accurately calculating the equivalent circuit parameters, by measuring the voltage and current data of the PCC during the analysis period, the user's responsibility for harmonic energy loss can be quantitatively calculated. Through the IEEE14 node system simulation test, the calculation results show that our error control is within a small range, and the calculation method is accurate and easy to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to assess the usability of vacant areas within the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, to procure and install a new deuterium-deuterium neutron generator. The complex 3D model of the vacant areas either with their close vicinity is modelled in the SCALE system and the first simulations of radiation doses at the 3 principal positions are calculated utilizing the MAVRIC sequence and variance reduction methods. The assumed energy of neutrons emitted from the generator is 2.5 MeV, whereas a first approximation, the isotropic distribution is assumed. A discussion about the model simplifications and the first radiation dose results are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and Virtual Reality simulation technologies are among the fast-growing consumer-level intelligent simulation technologies and have been great solutions to enhance the user experience (UX) and interactivity. Many studies have shown that these technologies do help in virtual educational applications, but a discussion and comparison of their effects on students' eLearning is quite limited. This experimental study focuses on evaluating the potential of AR and VR applications specially designed for eLearning purposes and tests the effects of intelligent simulations used in an e-learning virtual environment. This was done by presenting an online lecture both in VR and AR to two different groups of learners. The study was conducted among the students of multimedia in a reputed private university in India. The simulation technologies were compared in terms of participants' test scores, engagement, excitement, and level of distraction. Scores of both the groups were compared and reported along with the participant's perception of each simulation technology. Quantitative and Qualitative data acquired from both groups have been analyzed and the results indicate that AR works best when incorporated into e-learning. This is one of the first conceptual studies of comparison between VR and AR for interactive online teaching. Further, this paper discusses the inevitability of making new tools to enable instructors to become creators of AR/VR experiences in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, alongside the traditional statistical and semi-probabilistic methods, through which it is possible to obtain an estimate of the road network performances whatever its geometric-functional configuration, the use of microscopic traffic simulation techniques is widespread, allowing a "dynamic" approach to the problem (e.g. evaluation of infrastructural interventions, traffic management, etc.). The traffic micro-simulation models are able to analyze and process, instant by instant, the movement of single vehicles on the network, on the basis of laws related to the vehicle movement and the driving behavior. Based on this premise, this study proposes an overview of traffic simulation models, with a focus on the advantages of microsimulation. In this direction, the paper presents an application to a real case study in the city of Catania (Italy), in order to evaluate the impact of different traffic regulation strategies in terms of level of service (LoS), road emissions and fuel consuption through scenario evaluations. First results demonstrates that traffic modeling and the implementation of microsimulation tools represent a valid support for the transport policies assessment, providing a basis for future research steps that will address the simulation of larger areas, through before and after analysis and the evaluation of different key performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas as an energy source is increasing its popularity in both small- and large-scale applications. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process requires heat to produce biogas effectively, which can be supplied via a solar system. The suitability of integration of solar thermal energy in anaerobic digestion was researched through this paper. With the help of TRNSYS software, a 0.2 m3 simulation model of the digestor reactor along with a 2m2 PV solar thermal system was built. A study was done in an atmospheric condition of Rockhampton in Central Queensland based on the thermal activity and dynamic behavior of the structure. Cow manure was used as a feedstock in the system. The simulation was run for predicting the daily average temperature within the AD of a typical month in summer and winter. The simulation was also done for predicting the biogas production in typical summer and winter months, and for all seasons in Australia. The simulated temperature was found to be the temperature of the biogas production at a mesophilic temperature of about 35°C. The result showed that the maximum predicted temperature was found to be 35.98 °C in the summertime and 35°C in wintertime. The result also showed that the maximum biogas production is 84.45L/day in summertime and 72.33 L/day in wintertime. So, the solar heating system can help increase the bio-digester temperature which contributes to the production of biogas in the AD system. Thus, the developed model can be considered as an accurate tool to predict biogas production in Central Queensland (Rockhampton) climate for solar-assisted AD systems. It is expected that the simulation model can be extended to predict biogas production from solar-assisted AD systems in other climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing method has expanded widely in using sophisticated methodologies to study biological and chemical processes. These methods vary between practical and simulation techniques to enhance and optimize different designs. This paper focuses on the surface plasmon in different fields, applications and uses it for different purposes. Clarifying the similitudes and contrasts between the works was done sincerely, examining various perspectives held by other authors. Investigation of the optical system methods. Assessment of how each optical method adds to the surface plasmon sensor technique. In the end, it sums up this review paper discusses the fundamentals of plasmonic-based sensors, coupling methods, and studies the latest additive tools for couplings such as a prism, optical fiber, waveguide, and grating. The most crucial goal of this paper is highlighting the application used surface plasmon and tools to reach the primary research objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electromagnetic system with a single input and sole output is presented in this paper. With the proposed controller, the sliding mode controller is no longer restricted to figuring out the sliding surface parameters. For the system performance to be stable and robust, the controllers are designed with flexibility of the parameter range. The variation of model parameters due to modeling and external disturbances or uncertainties in the real time systems can be taken into consideration by the proposed controller. The controller is choosing such that the stability of the system during reaching and sliding phase are ensured by Lyapunov's stability Theorem. An analysis of the proposed controller found that it has a simple structure and a set of tuning equations that are results of measurements of desired performance In uncertain real systems or systems where plant-model mismatches exist, flexible sliding surfaces and hyperbolic switching control offers highly useful control. The example of electromagnetic system demonstrated in the simulation provides applicability of the proposed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniature jet engine is designed and constructed using an existing turbocharger with the calculated dimensions of the combustion chamber. This paper discusses the design, modelling, and simulation of the combustion chamber according to the theoretical calculations. The combustion chamber consists of an inner liner (flame tube) and an outer casing. Simulation is done using Autodesk Fusion 360 software, to study the performance of the combustion chamber under various thermal stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the process of 7T SRAM cell is analyzing and also exploring high level leakage power reduction techniques and cell parameters. The first segment contains the information about process of the 7T SRAM cell like write operation and read operation. Second segment of this paper characterize high level the leakage power reduction techniques, containing the information about how many types of techniques are available for characterizing the high level leakage power reduction techniques and what is the effect on the high level leakage power reduction techniques on 7T SRAM cell design. The third segment of this paper shows the information about cell parameters. This segment of the paper is the most important segment because this segment contains the information about all the parameters of 7T SRAM cell. In the second segment of this paper contains the information about high level leakage power reduction techniques, by using high level leakage power reduction techniques we can make our 7T SRAM cell much better in different area like leakage power reduction, dynamic power consumption. The data of leakage power consumption shows that after voltage scaling technique leakage power consumption and dynamic power consumption is less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Microwave Rocket, a high power microwave beam ionizes atmospheric air inside of the thruster and the ionization front drives a shock wave. In this paper, CFD simulation was conducted using measured propagation velocity of the ionization front to evaluate the engine performance. As a result, maximum cycle efficiency was obtained at the power density of about 200 kW/m2 which is the transitional beam power condition between Microwave Supported Combustion and Microwave Supported Detonation regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews progress in microwave thermal rocket research since the concept was set forth in this forum 4 years ago. Since then, a microwave thermal thruster has been demonstrated in the laboratory for the first time, albeit at small scale. A numerical model has been developed that captures the behavior of this configuration and can be used to design future experiments, and system point designs have affirmed that a specific impulse of greater than 700 seconds and thrust to weight ratio of greater than 70 is quite possible. In future work, it remains to fully explore the wider design space and relative merits of microwave thermal rockets, delineating the operating regime in which microwave thermal rockets are superior to alternative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Stamping-stiffness coupling simulation techniques are proposed, i.e., stamping, springback and stiffness is simulated with dynamic-explicit FE method, static-implicit FE method, and dynamic-explicit FE method continually. Carrying out process for three steps and some key technical factors are listed. The stiffness for double-curvature box parts is analyzed by this method.The simulation result is compared with experimental one, and satisfied calculation accuracy is obtained. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]