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The article analyzes the provisions of the White Paper on artificial intelligence as a source of the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence. It is noted that the study of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union will contribute to the formation of the domestic source base in the field of application of artificial intelligence. It has been analyzed that in scientific circles, the provisions of the White Book on artificial intelligence are highlighted by domestic scientists in a fragmentary manner, which makes it difficult to comprehensively perceive the content and meaning of the White Book as a whole. The article states that the legislation of Ukraine needs improvement, which consists in compliance with European standards in the field of artificial intelligence. It has been established that it is advisable to enshrine provisions on the use of artificial intelligence at the legislative level. The article examines the provisions of the European Data Strategy, which recognizes artificial intelligence as an important component of the data economy. It has been studied that the provisions of the European Data Strategy provide for a combination of technology, industry, digital infrastructure and regulatory framework. It was noted that the provisions of the Strategy regarding artificial intelligence were further developed in the White Book. The article specifies the concept of artificial intelligence in accordance with the provisions of the White Book. It is noted that the Provisions of the White Book are aimed at ensuring consultation of interested parties, collection of feedback as a basis for future decision-making processes. It has been proven that the White Paper can be considered a political document containing the goals and possible actions of the European Commission regarding the regulation of artificial intelligence and contains a list of political proposals, intentions and recommendations. It is noted that the White Book is a framework for future legislative proposals on the formation of a legal framework related to artificial intelligence in the European Union. The article defines the structure of the main provisions of the White Book and establishes the fundamental principles that determine the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. Attention is focused on chapter 5 of the White Paper, which is devoted to the «Ecosystem of Trust: Regulatory Framework for Artificial Intelligence», which is devoted to the key elements of the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the thematic scope of the archaeological subject matter of the collection of research papers 'Arkasivski Chytannia' and its author's representation at the conference (2011-2023). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the content of the archaeological subject matter of the collections of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Arkasivski Chytannia', which was held by the community of historians of V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. The main areas of publications, stability, the geography of the authors' presentativeness, and prospects of using the materials of the collection in further publications are determined. Conclusions. During 2011-2023, 130 reports in various areas were presented in the 'Archaeology' section. The author's circle of archaeological issues was presented by 88 scholars. The archaeological area was represented mainly by researchers from Mykolaiv, Odesa, and Kyiv. Ten most active participants included almost exclusively representatives of Mykolaiv, who often presented (or were members of the group of authors) several reports. Foreign archeology was represented by scholars from Moldova, Poland, the Russian Federation, Germany, and the USA. In the regional context, the absolute majority of papers (81%) are devoted to the South of Ukraine. In the center of research attention are sites of the Bronze Age (34.6%) and Antiquity (31.5%), which together make up 66.1% or 2/3 of the materials. The main sites, that the authors regularly focused on, were the objects that are being studied (were studied) in the territory of Mykolaiv oblast: the fortified settlement of the Late Bronze Age Dykyi Sad (Mykolaiv), the ancient city of Olbia (the village of Parutino, Mykolaiv raion), the antique settlement on Berezan island (Mykolaiv raion), the antique settlement of Viktorivka (Mykolaiv raion) and the Bronze Age settlement of Rozanivka (Bashtanka raion). Other objects are represented mainly by individual publications. Almost 40% of the reports are presented with materials based on the results of field archaeological research, and almost 30% are material culture analyses. The history of archaeological science and the theory of archeology together account for slightly over 30%, of which the greater part is the history of archaeology. In general, analyzing the achievements of the conference in the presentation of archaeological materials, it is necessary to note the high level of the qualitative component of the majority of publications, originality, and novelty. All of the above, in our opinion, requires further popularization of the achievements of the conference in the scientific environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally safe process for preparing cellulose from hemp fibers and nanocellulose by acid hydrolysis of organosolv hemp cellulose was described. It was shown that nanocellulose had a density of 1.56 g/cm³, a tensile strength of 66.7 MPa, and a transverse size of nanoparticles from 8 nm to 23 nm. Ten options for adding nanocellulose to the fibrous mass of food packaging paper or to its surface were studied. It was established that the addition of nanocellulose improves the quality of paper. To meet the requirements of the standards, it was recommended to add 2% nanocellulose to the mass or 3 g/m² to the surface of the paper. It was shown that the addition of 2% nanocellulose to the mass increases the destructive force of paper by 47.9% and the absolute resistance to pressing by 49.7%. It was determined that the application of 3 g/m² of nanocellulose on the surface increases the destructive force of paper by 70.5% and the absolute resistance to paper crushing by 67.1%. The data of scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the addition of nanocellulose to the paper surface leads to the closing of the voids between the cellulose fibers and the irregularities of the paper surface structure, which increases its grease resistance. It was stated that hemp nanocellulose allows reducing by 50% the consumption of phenoprint synthesized from oil and obtaining paper for packaging food products with less environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is dedicated to issues of the conception of migration security in legislation and doctrine of the Administrative Law. It is stressed in the paper that migration processes in the modern world are a scope of the variety of social relations of the comprehensive safety, legal, management, and economic character that are related to the replacement of residents and non-residents of Ukraine into the state and out of it. This replacement is an object of administrative impact and administration and has an appropriate goal and task. It is suggested to define migration security as a state of security of whole the scope of strategic and regional migration interests of Ukraine, an absence or minimization of internal and external factors of risks. There is outlined, a purpose of governmental impact in the field of migration processes is insuring organization and managemental, and legislative impacts on the migration as a social phenomenon and its specifical expressions; formation of the content of migration relationships, determining the status of its participants; and impacting on factors which lead to violation of established requirements, illegal migration, and which are an object of attention of the state policy within the counteraction to this phenomenon. It is emphasized, that means of ensuring migration security should be current institutional elements of the migration system, built based on wide usage of information technologies, digitalization of management processes and making administrative-managemental solutions, integration of databases, and wide use of biometric identification tools, professional training of officials of the State Migration Service, and clear regulative regulation of activities. Compliance with the requirements of international cooperation and the state's unwavering fulfillment of international legal obligations, organization and legal ensuring transparent visa policy and support, balanced institutional system of the administration of migration processes, active law enforcement activities and cooperation, the use of the latest means of migration control through the use of biometric document flow, maintaining demographic and other types of registers, with unconditional compliance with the requirements for the protection of personal data, ensuring the administrative and legal possibility of interaction between the subjects of migration policy are significant principles of the state migration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the position of the United States of America regarding Ukraine’s cooperation with the North Atlantic Alliance during both administrations of the 42nd US President William Jefferson Clinton. The reflection of Ukraine’s relations with NATO from the standpoint of the American establishment in such important foreign policy documents as «The National Security Strategy of the United States for 1994, 1995, 1997 year» (L.T.), as well as in the official sources of the Presidents of the United States - «Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States of America». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comprehensively analyzes Israel's experience in the legal regulation of cybersecurity and explores its potential adaptation for Ukraine. Israel is a leading cybersecurity nation due to its integrated approach to cyber protection. The paper examines key legislative acts and organizational measures implemented in Israel, such as establishing specialized cyber units like TEHILA and the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD), and coordination centers that facilitate cohesive efforts between governmental and private organizations. The article highlights the significance of incorporating cybersecurity mechanisms into Israel's national defense strategy and the active involvement of the private sector, including numerous tech companies and startups, in safeguarding information infrastructure. The crucial role of international cooperation, particularly with the EU and the USA, in developing an effective cyber strategy is also discussed, emphasizing its relevance for Ukraine amidst the ongoing conflict with Russia. Additionally, the article delves into the continuous improvement of cybersecurity technologies and the professional development of specialists in this field. It highlights the importance of a holistic approach encompassing technological advancements and strategic planning. The paper also emphasizes the need for interagency coordination and the collaboration with international partners to elevate the overall cybersecurity posture. Key aspects of adapting Israeli approaches to Ukrainian realities are outlined, including the necessity of establishing specialized bodies, developing a national cybersecurity strategy, and engaging the private sector in cybersecurity efforts. By integrating Israel's best practices, Ukraine can significantly bolster its cyber defense capabilities, enhancing its ability to respond to cyber threats more effectively and protecting its critical infrastructures. Furthermore, the study addresses legal regulation issues, including both the regulatory framework and practical aspects of implementing cybersecurity measures at national and local levels. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures are essential to identify and ne utralize potential threats timely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the speed of development in the production of thin-sheet materials, the use of automated systems for detecting surface defects in such products is becoming more and more relevant. This is due to the fact that an early-detected defect reduces the amount of waste and increases production efficiency by reducing equipment downtime. The purpose of the paper is to review modern automated systems for visual inspection of surface defects on thin-sheet materials, in order to evaluate their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. The paper examines and analyzes the automated systems for searching for surface defects in various industries, including metal, paper and weaving rolled stock. It is shown that systems of this class are most often performed in a stationary configuration directly on machine tools or rolling machines, but there are systems that, in addition to their stationary implementation, have a portable version that is mounted on a diagnostic cart. The components of the hardware subsystem are considered, namely, the advantages of using intelligent cameras in comparison with linear scanning cameras are outlined. The advantages of using stroboscopic lighting in comparison with conventional LED floodlights have been determined. The software subsystem was considered, and it was also determined that the use of artificial intelligence methods, namely neural networks with machine learning, is a promising vector for development of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality and timely peer review for scientific works has become increasingly acute recently. Scientific reviewers peer review journal articles, conference papers, monographs, PhD-thesis, grants etc. Scientific reviewers are assigned mainly manually due to the lack of time. Having large volumes of content to review, a high-quality peer review is hard to get. In recent years there has been an increase in research on reviewer assignment automation. Also, the formal comparison of a reviewer’s research domains and a proposal’s research domains, or character-level comparison of keywords do not always provide high-quality assignments. In this paper, we perform a review on current methods of automated scientific reviewer assignment. There are 3 stages of reviewer assignment process: 1) creating reviewers’ database and structuring the information about reviewers and proposals; 2) calculating the similarity score between a proposal and a reviewer; 3) finding the appropriate assignment of proposals to reviewers, and maximizing the aggregated similarity and overall topic coverage over all assignments. Two main variations of reviewer assignment problem are considered: single and multiple reviewer assignment problem. Methods for structuring the information about proposals and reviewers based on statistical analysis of text, topic modeling and deep learning are analyzed. In the third stage, we considered possible optimal criteria for optimizing reviewers’ assignments to proposals, and also constraints, that ensure a certain level of reviewers-proposal concordance such as overall topic coverage, fair peer review, reviewers workload etc. The problem of optimal reviewer assignment is NPcomplete, therefore for solving different heuristics and meta-heuristics algorithms are used. We also present perspectives of future research on the automated reviewer assignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the power theory of three-phase power supply systems was further developed by substantiating new formulas for calculating the unbalance power of three-phase four-wire power supply systems based on the measurement of active and reactive powers of individual phases, which can be used to form compensation signals in distributed active filtering with centralized control. A new structural scheme for controlling an autonomous shunt active filter with extended functionality and increased speed is proposed, which can be used in both three-wire and four-wire power supply systems. Computer modeling confirmed the adequacy of the new formulas for calculating the unbalance power components and the effectiveness of the proposed active filtering strategies to minimize power losses in the transmission line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the problem of protection of underground metal pipelines using active cathodic protection. Shortcomings and emergency situations of active defense complexes are given. Analytical dependences of determining the levels of the protective potential in the conditions of a heterogeneous environment, various variations of the topology of laying the pipeline system are generally presented. The results of comprehensive monitoring of the operation modes of electrotechnical complexes of electrochemical protection allowed to develop a universal methodology for creating energy-efficient and reliable systems of cathodic protection of pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the structure of under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) relays in the interconnected power system (IPS) of Ukraine. The equivalent power system model to study the UFLS operation is developed, and UFLS configuration scenarios considering the requirements of ENTSO-E, are configured. The frequency stability for different scenarios of UFLS settings considering planned and emergency active power imbalances are studied. The plots illustrating the frequency change in the power system under these conditions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-homogeneous electric field distributions in the cross-linked polyethylene insulation of 330 kV power cable with multi-conductor core depending on the electrical conductivity and thickness of the semiconducting screen as well as at different frequency of applied voltage (from 50 to 104 Hz) are studied by finite-element analysis. As shown, taking into account the periodic structure of core surface, the electrical conductivity of the material of internal semiconducting screen should exceed 10–6 S/m and its thickness should be at least 1.5 mm in order to obtain the uniform electric field in the basic insulation of the cable at the boundary with the screen. The paper also considers the effect of various types of the surface and volumetric defects in the semiconducting screen on the electric field inhomogeneity in cable insulation. It is shown that the defects in the screen can lead to a significant increase of the electric field in the local zones of their location (up to 5 times as compared to the field without defects) and therefore contribute to the formation and development of treeing structures in the insulation. The revealed results explain the reasons for the micro- and macrolevel degradation of power cable insulation and confirm the need to ensure the uniform structure, smooth surface of both semiconducting screen and core during the technological process of manufacturing the power cables with crosslinked polyethylene insulation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the legal aspects of employing various defense components. It analyzes regulatory and legal documents that define the tasks and purposes of Ukraine's Defense Forces, including security forces, defense forces, the defense industry complex, and citizens and public associations that voluntarily participate in ensuring national security. The article outlines their functions, as reflected in new strategic documents. It demonstrates that the primary focus of security and defense sector development is on restoring and maintaining the state's defense capability at an appropriate level. The paper identifies additional powers granted to military command under martial law, which are associated with certain limitations on rights and freedoms, necessary to ensure the possibility of introducing and implementing martial law measures. The study analyzes the entities entrusted with tasks related to the implementation of the state's defense function, namely: the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, and the State Border Service of Ukraine. It reveals that the lack of a unified normative act regulating the interaction between security and defense sector institutions within the framework of tasks for ensuring the state's defense poses a certain problem. This item examines the powers of the National Police of Ukraine under martial law and emphasizes the legal status and organization of territorial defense units. An analysis of criminal norms reveals that the amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Ukraine will become the basis for establishing constitutional order in society and the state as a whole. The article states that in the context of the aggravation of the socio-political situation in Ukraine, caused by the active influence of the Russian Federation on the spread of anti-state and separatist tendencies and direct interference in all social processes of Ukraine, there is a need to unite all components of security and defense, given the complexity of the threats facing the country. It is noted that it will be possible to separate issues into separate security or defense ones only after the elimination of the threat from the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the issues of the safe operation of a two-level blockchain with a complex mixed consensus protocol — Proof-of-Stake in the main blockchain (mainchain) and Proof-of-Work in the secondary (sidechain). This two-level blockchain is built on the principle of the Proof-of-Proof protocol, where the safety of the sidechain is ensured by the stability of the mainchain, by referring the mainchain blocks to the sidechain blocks using special transactions. Such a structure allows faster issuance of blocks in the sidechain and, accordingly, faster processing of transactions without loss of security and without increasing the volume of the block. In turn, such a two-level blockchain is of the greatest interest for the creation of a cascade system of state registers, which will be guaranteed to be protected against the substitution and forgery of documents. The main results of the work are explicit analytical expressions for estimates of probability of double spend attack on such two-level blockchain, under the condition of adversary in sidechain and in mainchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the effectiveness of threshold and non-threshold wavelet noise filtering methods in processing radar signals. Three methods of wavelet analysis are analyzed: a method with a general threshold for limiting wavelet coefficients of detail; a method with a universal threshold for all wavelet decompositions; and a method without a threshold, based on zeroing the coefficients of detail at certain levels of the wavelet decomposition of the signal. The effectiveness of wavelet filtering is evaluated by the signal-to-noise ratio before and after filtering, signal entropy, and the model’s mean square error (MSE) value. It is found that over a wide range of high noise from –12 dB to –7.5 dB, the common threshold method provides more effective noise filtering than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the tools of public administration in modern European integration conditions of the state of Ukraine concerns important issues of personal data protection. Ukraine, as a candidate country for EU membership, is obliged to bring its legislation and practice into line with European standards. The article examines the tools of the public administration of Ukraine to ensure the protection of personal data in the context of European integration. The author claims that the public administration plays a key role in this area, because it is it that owns the personal data of its citizens. The paper analyzes various approaches to defining public administration and its tools of activity. The author concludes that the main tools of the public administration of Ukraine in the field of personal data protection in the context of European integration include: harmonization of legislation, namely bringing national legislation on the protection of personal data into compliance with European standards, in particular, with Regulation (EU) 2016/679" On the protection of natural persons in connection with the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and on the repeal of Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)"; institutional support, through the creation and functioning of state authorities responsible for the protection of personal data, such as the Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for human rights; personnel support through the training of qualified personnel to work in the field of personal data protection; information and technological support through the introduction of modern information technologies to protect personal data; international cooperation, namely cooperation with other states and international organizations in the field of personal data protection. The author emphasizes that the public administration in Ukraine, when performing its powers in the field of personal data protection, is obliged to strictly adhere to all norms of current legislation, both national and international. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the functions of the police in the context of a modern democratic state, their essence and classification. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for constant adaptation of law enforcement activities to the challenges of modern society, while maintaining a balance between ensuring security and respecting the rights and freedoms of citizens. The author analyzes various approaches to defining and classifying police functions presented in the works of domestic scholars. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the understanding of police functions from the Soviet period to the present, with an emphasis on their democratic orientation. The paper thoroughly examines the tasks of the National Police of Ukraine defined by legislation and their impact on shaping the functional orientation of the police. The author emphasizes the importance of preventive and prophylactic activities aimed at preventing offenses as a key function of the police in a democratic society. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and scientific sources, the author proposes his own classification of police functions in a modern democratic state, highlighting five main areas: preventive, protective, crime counteraction, service, and informative functions. Particular attention is paid to revealing the essence of the concept of «function» as a legal category and its specifics regarding police activities. The author emphasizes the relationship between the functions and tasks of the police, underlining that functions are derived from tasks and serve for their implementation. In the conclusions, the author offers his own definition of the concept of «functions of the police in a modern democratic state,» emphasizing their transparent formation without political bias and focus on preventing offenses, protecting the rights and legitimate interests of individuals, society, and the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the concept of legal science, education and practice in the context of their interaction. It is noted that the main task of the domestic system of higher legal education is to find a balance between fundamental theoretical training and practical skills. Some types of legal practice require thorough knowledge in the field of both national and international law. Many universities focus on studying the legislation of other countries and foreign languages. In addition, modern political processes require revision of work programs of disciplines, for example, related to the activities of international organizations. For the future professional, we consider it important not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge and mechanical skills, but also to form legal thinking (develop analysis, argumentation, decision-making, responsibility). It is emphasized that the changes in the field of legal education are enshrined in the Report of the European Commission on Ukraine’s progress towards joining the EU, which was published in November 2023. Among other things, there are requirements: to clearly distinguish between legal education and personnel training for law enforcement agencies; strengthen law school admission requirements and law school licensing requirements; introduce a transparent distribution of state orders; review educational programs with an emphasis on ethics, practical training, EU law and international exchanges; implement EDKI. When modernizing legal education, it is also important to pay attention to the learning process, in particular, it is necessary to diversify the activities of students. In addition to traditional lectures, seminars and the previously mentioned practices, the experience of writing coursework and final qualification papers, participation in model processes is important for future lawyers, as this allows for the formation of a general and legal culture of writing and speech, a legal position in a case and the skills of conducting a discussion. It is concluded that new legal mechanisms are being formed in modern Ukraine, which is manifested, in particular, in active law-making, qualitative changes are taking place in legal awareness, including professional awareness. Under such conditions, professional legal education, which involves the formation of students’ practical skills, becomes invaluable. While preserving the training of professionals for a narrow field of legal activity, university education on the basis of domestic and European legal science should be developed at the same time. A university student will be able to become a good specialist only if he studies legal concepts, categories, constructions and ways of their expression in various legal realities. Such knowledge will not become obsolete in a few years, even if the current legislation changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric film heaters (EFHs) applied on flat steel substrates show promising potential in the production of heating devices. The basis for manufacturing EHFs is heat-resistant steel, the surface of which is coated with a heat-resistant electrical insulation coating. These coatings are glass crystalline and are applied mainly by screen printing. Compared to screen printing, the electrophoretic method of coating is more productive. In this work, glass in the MgO-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 oxide system was chosen for obtaining glass crystalline coatings. The paper provides a description of the material composition and the method used to prepare a suspension for epy electrophoretic deposition of coating. The main technological parameters for forming electrophoretic coatings with a specific thickness are determined based on experimental results. Utilizing calculated data on the properties of the selected glass, the study substantiates the most rational temperature and time regime for coating firing. These conditions promote crystallization and result in the production of heat-resistant coatings with sufficient electrical insulating properties for steel substrates of EFHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the contemporary paradigm of regional marketing within the context of developing complex socio-economic systems. It aims to integrate theoretical frameworks with empirical research, providing a comprehensive understanding of how regional marketing strategies can enhance socio-economic development. The study reviews both domestic and international literature, analyzes case studies, and synthesizes insights from leading academic discussions and conferences. Key findings highlight the importance of adaptive marketing approaches, stakeholder collaboration, and innovative methodologies in fostering regional growth and resilience. The development of complex socio-economic systems requires nuanced and adaptive strategies, particularly in the realm ofregional marketing. This paperinvestigatesthe modern paradigm of regional marketing, emphasizing its role in the sustainable development of socio-economic regional systems. By examining various theoretical and practical aspects, this study seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on regional development and marketing. Regional marketing refers to strategic efforts aimed at promoting and developing a region’s economic, social, and cultural assets. It encompasses a range of activities, including branding, promotion, and stakeholder engagement, tailored to the unique characteristics and needs of a region. Socio-economic systems are complex networks of economic and social relationships and structures. They involve various actors, including businesses, government entities, and civil society, interacting within a regional context to drive development and growth. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Data are collected from a variety of sources, including academic publications, conference proceedings, and case studies of regional marketing initiatives. Regional marketing plays a crucial role in enhancing the visibility and attractiveness of a region. Effective marketing strategies can attract investment, boost tourism, and foster a sense of regional identity and pride. The study identifies several key elements of successful regional marketing, including branding and image building, stakeholder collaboration, innovation, and adaptability. The study also highlights various challenges faced by regional marketers, such as limited resources, competition with other regions, and the need for constant innovation. However, these challenges present opportunities for creative solutions and strategic partnerships. The paper includes several case studies of successful regional marketing initiatives from around the world, illustrating diverse approaches and outcomes. These case studies provide valuable lessons and best practices that can be applied to other regions seeking to enhance their socio-economic development through marketing. Regional marketing is a vital component of the development of complex socio-economic systems. By adopting a modern, adaptive approach to marketing, regions can effectively promote their unique assets, attract investment, and foster sustainable growth. This study contributes to the understanding of regional marketing’s role in socio-economic development and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a new mathematical model for the solution of a static symmetric boundary-value problem for a layer weakened by a through hole with ends covered with a diaphragm. A new method based on a system of three singular integral equations has been developed and tested numerically. As a result of a high-precision numerical study, it was found that with an increase in the thickness of the layer, an increase in the relative circumferential stress occurs. With a decrease in one of the radii of the elliptical hole, an increase in the relative circumferential stress is also observed. The paper presents the respective dependency graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the consideration of blockchain technology as a means of automating inter-organizational business processes. It is noted that the digitalization and automation of internal business processes bring significant benefits in terms of increasing productivity and reducing costs. However, organizations face difficulties when trying to obtain such benefits for inter-organizational processes, partly due to a lack of trust. This paper considers a blockchain approach to address this problem. Bitcoin has demonstrated how blockchain can provide a distributed system without the need for trust through cryptography and decentralization. LTO extends this approach with a decentralized workflow engine for ad-hoc collaboration. Information is exchanged between participants through private event chains for each process and hashed on a public blockchain. This hybrid approach allows organizations to comply with data protection requirements and avoid scalability issues typical of blockchain projects. The advantages of LTO live contracts over Ethereum smart contracts are discussed. Live contracts do not contain values directly, but describe the interaction between the parties, unlike the cryptographic "boxes" of smart contracts. Modeling live contracts as finite state machines allows visualizing them in the form of a flowchart. Alternative modeling techniques such as Petri nets and BPMN are discussed. The article describes a scenario-based approach to defining a workflow containing states, actions, participants, assets, and embedded data objects. The features of data objects, participant identifiers, process execution and its adaptability are detailed. The author explains the operation of a private event chain as an ad-hoc private blockchain that ensures the consistency of the process state between nodes. Methods of ensuring data privacy are discussed. The second part of the article is devoted to the global public blockchain LTO to confirm information from private event chains. The consensus algorithm is explained based on the importance of token ownership and its use to prevent abuse. Optimizations, such as the NG protocol and aggregation blocks, are discussed to scale with a large number of transactions. The last part describes the architecture of the platform and its components: microservices, application layers, container orchestration. The platform makes it easy to digitalize and automate inter-organizational interactions using live contracts on the blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the phenomenon of historical memory through the prism of postmodernism. In contemporary research on memory studies, historical memory is often viewed only as a tool for preserving and disseminating identity. This view is not bad, as it allows for the creation of certain institutions for working with memory, as well as the unification of approaches and practices, but it also loses the understanding of the emotionality and plurality of historical memory. Especially in wartime, problems in the historical memory of a community become even more important and can affect the emotional state of society. All of this gives the necessary impetus to take a fresh look at the existing perceptions of society about the past and how society inscribes this past in the present. The research aims to show that historical memory is a harmonious part of the postmodern present, and that the processes in historical memory reproduce the features described by postmodernists. That is why, in the author's opinion, the methodology of postmodernism provides the necessary tools for a new look at the problems of memory studies in the context of modern information technology. The study, based on the works of prominent researchers, identifies the characteristic features of postmodern methodology, such as: the absence of truth, schizophrenia, a state of flux, constant mobility and variability; everything can be perceived as a text; the death of grand narratives; the replacement of time with space; rhizomaticity. Historical memory is considered in terms of these characteristic features in the main part of the paper. The author believes that research of historical memory should be divided into several levels, from the individual to the supranational, when diametrically different points of view collide. Transition to different levels of memory allows us to clearly demonstrate the existence of contradictions and illogic in historical memory. When considering the textuality of historical memory, it is also pointed out that with the development of modern technology, historical memory is transforming from ordinary text to cybertext and hypertext. All of this proves that historical memory is an organic part of postmodernity, which allows the creation of new approaches to protecting and developing historical memory in modern information societies. It is worth noting that it is the postmodernity of historical memory that allows it to change and evolve, as well as to be preserved in the most difficult conditions. It should also be noted that the novelty of this work is that it clarifies the importance of understanding historical memory as part of postmodernity, because usually works on historical memory describe the replacement of researchers' interest in the history of an event with the history of a person, but do not describe how memory fits into postmodernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we consider the possibilities of applying the YOLOv5s deep learning model to the task of automating the process of detecting surface defects on printed circuit boards. Modern printed circuit boards are manufactured in large volumes and contain a signifi cant number of elements. The manufacturing process of printed circuit boards is complex, which increases the likelihood of board wiring defects, such as short, open circuits, mouse bites, etc. These defects are superfi cial and can be detected by visual and optical inspection. Compared to other methods, the visual-optical inspection is easier to automate. It is proven that it is promising to use deep learning models to automate the process of detecting objects in images. Modern neural networks can automatically detect surface defects in printed circuit board images with high reliability. The paper considers the YOLO class of models. It is established that the YOLOv5 model has better performance and recognition accuracy than previous modifi cations. In this study, the YOLOv5s model was implemented and trained to test the eff ectiveness of this network in the task of automated detection of surface defects on printed circuit boards. The open «PCB Defects» dataset was used for training. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the performance of the trained network on a test dataset was carried out. It was found that the network can detect surface defects of printed circuit boards with 92.5 % reliability in terms of mAP50. Additionally, the results of the recognition of diff erent classes of defects are analyzed and recommendations for further improvement of the system are given. In particular, it is promising to apply augmentation of training data and use a more complex architecture of the deep learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research paper is to uncover the mechanisms of editorial policy formation of the journal 'Przewodnik Naukowy i Literacki' in the field of history from 1873 to 1883, the peculiarities of filling the historical section, and the specifics of the author's circle of that publication. The scientific novelty of the research is in the fact that for the first time, an analysis of the editorial policy of the journal 'Przewodnik Naukowy i Literacki' in the formation of the historical section during the first decade of its activity in Lviv is conducted, the circle of authors is outlined, and the range of historical problems of the papers is analyzed. Conclusions. The progress of Polish intellectual culture became the main motive in establishing the printed edition 'Przewodnik Naukowy i Literacki' in 1873 in Lviv. Its pages covered and discussed issues of science and literature. The journal was clearly dominated by historical issues, mainly related to the political past of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Significant attention was also paid to the analyzes of the Polish state's political system, in which the scholars focused on finding the reasons for the loss of sovereignty. In the context of the introduction of positivist research methods, issues of the state of historical research, tasks, and methods of historical studies were sporadically raised. The need to maintain the level of scientific knowledge and reader interest made the editors balance between 'pure' research, presented by representatives of academic institutions in Lviv and Krakow, and historical and literary articles, the authors of which were amateur historians and writers. They filled the publication with materials that were distinguished by their attractiveness and, mostly, appealed to nostalgic feelings 'for the old days' or were instructive in nature. Thus, the journal under study appears as a published edition that reflected the main trends in the development of Polish historical science in Galicia from the 1870s to the early 1880s. The journal became a center around which a wide circle of experts in antiquity gathered, most of whom lived and worked in Galicia. Given the fact that more than half of the authors of the younger generation studied under K. Liske, the journal could also be considered as a presentation platform for the achievements of Lviv historical and didactic school. In general, the first stage of the activity of that crypto-historical printed edition was an important step in the professionalization of historical studies in Lviv, preparing the emergence in 1887 of the first Polish specialized historical journal 'Kwartalnik Historyczny'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epoch of world revolutions, the epoch of the formation of world ideas (the first half of the 19th century) gave rise to global projects of nationalism and the nation state, socialism and anarchism, emancipation, and public enlightenment, in the formation of which the Masonic 'rulers of thoughts' played an active role. The research paper uncovers the importance of the Masonic movement in the history of Ukraine and shows the contribution of the Masons to the formation of Ukrainian culture and the national idea, enlightenment, and self-organization of society. The purpose of the study is to find answers to the questions: why elite groups of Ukrainian gubernias gathered at the secret lodges in the 19th century, what global and intermediate tasks they set, and which of them they managed to achieve. And most importantly, how the Masonic 'building of the Temple' influenced the processes of formation of the Ukrainian nation. To address this purpose, the authors use a synthetic approach combining the research capabilities of social philosophy, history, and political science. The scientific novelty of the paper. A comprehensive study of the Masonic movement in the territory of Ukrainian gubernias of the Russian Empire has been conducted, extracting the Masonic movement from the historical context imposed by Russian-Soviet historiography. The authors mention Ukrainian Masons in Ukrainian history as 'builders' and 'awakeners' of a new society, where the democratic and national features of Ukraine were taken into account. Conclusions. In the first quarter of the 19th century in Central and Southern Ukraine, the Masons managed to form four centers (Kharkiv, Poltava, Kyiv, and Odesa) in which they not only organized the liberal-minded local elite as an independent 'horizontal structure', but also began 'Masonic creation' - upbringing a new person, a supporter of social progress. A special contribution of Masonic authors to the creation of Ukrainian literature and theater, the first historical studies of Ukrainian history, and Ukrainian autonomist projects took place. Of great interest are the activities of the Masons in Ukraine after their formal 'prohibition' in 1822, and the attempts of Masonic leaders to influence events in Ukrainian gubernias, being 'in the shadows', in the rigid system of barracks imperialism of the 'Nicholas era'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research paper is to highlight the activities of Bible societies in Ukrainian territory at the beginning of the 19th century. The scientific novelty is in the first-time study of the history of Bible societies at early 19th century, the determination of their place in the social life of Ukrainian gubernias, and links with related organizations in Europe. Conclusions. In the process of study, it was uncovered that the following branches of the Russian Bible Society (1812-1826) - British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS, 1804) were established in the territory of Ukraine: Volyn (Zhytomyr), Katerynoslav, Kyiv, Odesa, Podillia (Kamianets-Podilskyi), Poltava, Slobidska Ukraine (Kharkiv), Tavriia (Simferopol), Feodosiia, and Chernihiv. A special place was taken by branches in the colonies of foreign settlers near Odesa and in Molochni Vody. Correspondents first, and later - associations operated in the povits. Student and children's communities were also established. Missionaries of the BFBS (Pinkerton, Paterson, and Henderson) made a significant contribution to the Bible societies' movement in Ukraine. The main goal of the Bible societies was to distribute (sell or give free of charge) books of the Holy Scripture - the Bibles and the New Testaments - in the native language of those ethnic groups living in Ukrainian lands, regardless of religious denominations, gender, wealth, etc. At the same time, the gubernia branches supported the translation activities of Kyiv Theological Academy, and the seminaries of Kyiv, Katerynoslav, Podillia, and Poltava. Bible societies under Alexander I were supported by the emperor and the senior officials of the empire. Therefore, they included all administrative resources, both secular and religious. It is important, that in the activities of Bible societies, the representatives of educational and cultural circles were involved, among which in Kharkiv there were Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Karazin, Osypovskyi, Dzhunkovskyi, and others and in Poltava there was Kotliarevskyi. It was thanks to their efforts that in the circles of the Ukrainian intelligentsia a firm conviction emerged in the need to have a translation of the Holy Scripture in their native Ukrainian language. Funding. The paper is prepared on the results of the study conducted as part of the research work: 'Formation of National Identity in Ukraine in the 16th - early 20th century: Sources and Archeography'. M.S. Hrushevskyi Institute of Ukrainian Archeography and Source Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the main theoretical approaches to studying the quality of life and identify promising research directions and productive research methodologies for studying the problem using the example of Left-Bank Ukraine of the 18th and 19th centuries. The scientific novelty: methodological studies and theoretical advances related to the issue of quality of life are analyzed. Previous scientific works related to Left-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 18th - early 20th century are studied. The potentially most important areas for further research and prospective approaches to their implementation are identified. Thus, for the first time, a scientific problem that has not been studied on Ukrainian material is articulated and actualized. Conclusions. As of today, there is practically no historiography that would consider the history of Left-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the 18th - early 20th century through the prism of quality of life (as an interdisciplinary category). Instead, there is a significant body of research devoted to related aspects: economy, demography, development of medicine and sanitation, cultural changes, everyday life, etc. These studies are conducted in different scientific environments; however, they are an important source of factual information for studying the quality of life in this territory. Despite the methodological primacy of sociologists, historians still have the greatest prospects in this field. The need to understand the local specificity, the peculiar features of the era, and critically interpret the sources is essential. In the paper, it is proved that the study of certain economic aspects, the spread of new foodstuffs, medicalization, and educational initiatives alone can provide little insight into the quality of life in the region. The use of some additional markers (for example, demographic) and broader territorial comparisons is inevitable. At the same time, modern quantitative (first of all, sociological) methods will allow to compare and search for dependencies between various aspects and markers. Here, even with the use of already well-known sources, it is possible to study new problematic issues using our documentary material, involving methods tested by foreign colleagues. Funding. The research paper is prepared within the framework of Project No. 2020.20/0237 'Quality of Life and Demographic Characteristics of the Population of Dnipro Ukraine in the Second Half of the 18th -early 20th Century', funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper lies in exploring the effective methods for formation of acting skills in online education and their impact on acting skills' quality. The main emphasis of the paper is on analysis of virtual pedagogical approaches, on the use of technologies and innovations in training of actors, as well as the on study of independent strategies for selfeducation and the interaction between the parties to educational process. The methodology the research involves the use of methods aimed at analysing virtual pedagogical approaches, developing technology and innovation in training of actors, evaluating effectiveness through experimentation and statistical analysis adapted depending on specific features and scope of this research. An interdisciplinary approach was employed to the fullest extent, thanks to which such disciplines as pedagogics, psychology, and aesthetics were involved. The said methodological approach makes it possible to deeply investigate the structure of the topic. The culturological approach was used to analyse the topic in a culturalhistorical context and, together with the functional approach, it determines the scientific weight of the issues outlined in the paper. This is crucial for describing their actual functioning in the culture and in historical perspective. For this reason, analysed were existing research papers on formation of acting skills in online education, reviewed were pedagogical and psychological aspects in mastering of acting skills in online environment and determined were the key methods employed for formation of skills in a distance form. Evaluation of effectiveness of various online pedagogical strategies in formation of actor's professional skills is based on own experience and on experience of colleagues. The scientific novelty of the paper consists in the identification of an innovative approach to understanding and improving the process of actors' training in conditions of online education, taking into account the new challenges and opportunities offered by contemporary educational process. Conclusions. Online education in the sphere of stage craft can become an effective tool for formation of professional skills. With the use of up-to-date technologies, actors can not only develop their own talents, but also adapt them to requirements of the contemporary world, in which virtual space becomes an essential component of success in stage craft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the implementation of environmental aspects of social responsibility by trade enterprises in Ukraine. An analysis of environmental aspects, financial and non-financial reporting, and websites of large trade enterprises was carried out in relation to the display and provision of openness and availability of information about environmental aspects and enterprise costs. The composition of costs and their influence on the financial and economic indicators of the enterprise were studied. The implementation of one's own environmental policy and environmental initiatives, the implementation of projects, technologies, programs, and management methods used by trade enterprises of Ukraine were considered. The socially responsible enterprises' compliance with the requirements of current legislation, national and international standards, requirements for environmental standards of product quality and safety, preservation and protection of the environment, and the use of correct approaches to ensure the positive impact of their business activities on the environment were analyzed. The introduction of environmentally safe, resource- and energy-saving technologies, ecological containers and packaging, development of renewable energy sources, reduction of own greenhouse gas emissions, modern methods of utilization and recycling of PET bottles, plastic, waste paper, and waste, holding eco-actions on greening territories and charitable actions, motivate suppliers and carry out other measures that reduce the negative impact on the environment, contribute to the preservation of people's health, restoration of the environment and take care of the future of the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of constitutional transit and its features in the context of modern development of Ukraine. The author considers constitutional transit as a complex, multidimensional process that encompasses a wide range of legal, political, and social changes. The paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of constitutional transit, its individual stages, and key factors influencing the success of democratic transformations. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of constitutional transit in Ukraine, especially in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the post-bellum period. The author identifies the main problems faced by Ukraine in the process of constitutional transformations, including the instability of democratic institutions, limited economic potential, and crisis phenomena in the cultural environment. The article offers an analysis of possible stages of constitutional transformation in Ukraine after the end of the war, including urgent changes to ensure national security, development of a comprehensive reform strategy, public discussion of changes, legislative process, and implementation of adopted decisions. The author emphasizes the need to take into account national characteristics, historical traditions, and social mentality when conducting constitutional reforms. The importance of creating an institutional constitutional system that would effectively coordinate the activities of all social subsystems and regulate the behavior of participants in transformational processes is emphasized. The study demonstrates that constitutional transit in Ukraine is part of the global process of democratization, but has its unique features due to historical experience and modern challenges. The article also touches upon the understanding of the complexity and multifaceted nature of constitutional transformation processes in transitional societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) in criminal law is an important aspect of the legal system that enforces rights holders and prevents the illegal use of intellectual products. The modern world, in which information and innovation play a key role in the development of society, requires effective IPR protection mechanisms at both the national and international levels. This paper examines various aspects of the criminal law protection of IPR, starting with basic concepts and ending with international agreements regulating this area. The concept of IPR covers a wide range of objects that are the results of creative and innovative activities: copyrights to literary, musical, artistic works, rights to inventions, trademarks, industrial designs, geographical indications and other intellectual products that have economic and social value. Criminal law protection of IPR in Ukraine is regulated by a number of legislative acts, in particular the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights», the Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Rights to Inventions and Utility Models», etc. These regulations establish liability for infringement of intellectual property rights, including illegal use of IPR objects, piracy, counterfeiting of trademarks, which can cause significant material damage and affect the reputation of rights holders. An important place in the study is the analysis of the composition of crimes in the field of IPR. IPR crimes can vary in their nature and complexity. This can be both a direct violation of copyright, and more complex cases related to the counterfeiting of goods or the use of trademarks without the permission of the owner. Analysis of the criminal composition helps to understand which actions are subject to criminal liability and which sanctions can be applied to violators. Subjects of crimes in the field of IPR include both natural and legal persons who may be responsible for infringement of intellectual property rights. Particular attention is paid to the issues of identification and prosecution of violators, as well as problems arising in the process of law enforcement. The international aspect of IPR protection is an integral part of the modern legal system, as globalization leads to an increase in the international exchange of intellectual products and information. The work examines key international agreements, in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which establishes international standards for the protection of IPR. It is also important to analyze the role of international organizations, such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in coordinating the efforts of various countries in the fight against IPR violations. The work also raises issues of problems and prospects for the development of criminal protection of IPR. Challenges associated with the development of digital technologies create new risks for rights holders, in particular in the area of digital piracy and copyright infringement on the Internet. In the conditions of globalization, the harmonization of national legislation with international standards is necessary, as well as the development of international cooperation mechanisms for the effective protection of IPR. In general, the study highlights current problems and provides recommendations for improving the system of criminal protection of IPR in Ukraine. Effective protection of intellectual property rights is a key factor in ensuring innovative economic development and increasing the country's competitiveness in the international arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the historical and legal study of the origin and evolution of the institution of pardon in Ukraine and the European Union Member States. The author analyses the emergence of pardon in ancient Rome, its social and political role. The author points to the existence of three main forms of pardon in the Roman Empire: abolition, intercession and indulgence. The author emphasises the impact of the reception of Roman law and the growing role of the Roman Catholic Church on the establishment of the right of pardon as an element of the absolute power of the monarch in medieval Europe. Attention is drawn to the established tradition of pardoning convicted persons on the occasion of significant religious or state events. The author points out that the right to pardon is legally enshrined in the legislative collection 'Siete Partidas' in the Kingdom of Spain and to the modern subjects of pardon in the said State. The author analyses the evolution of the pardon procedure, in particular, with regard to the participation of not only the head of state, but also other subjects, including the Minister of Justice in order to ensure a greater level of political neutrality. The features of pardon in medieval Italy, the transfer of this right from the city councils to the monarch along with the establishment of the seigniorial regime are highlighted. The author also describes the practice of using pardoning charters and letters in medieval France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and Italy. The article outlines the stages of development of the legal institution of pardon in the Ukrainian lands during the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Cossack Hetmanate. The paper analyses the procedure for granting pardons in Ukraine during the Soviet occupation, namely, the vesting of this right not in a sole head of state, but in a collective body - the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The article highlights the right to pardon granted to the President of Ukraine after the restoration of independence, which is enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine. The author reveals the special role of the institution of pardon for persons sentenced to life imprisonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is noted that the concept of the presumption of innocence is a fundamental element of the modern legal system and a key principle of criminal law. According to this principle, every individual is considered innocent of committing an offense until their guilt is established in accordance with the law and confirmed by a court verdict. This principle serves a dual function: on the one hand, it ensures the protection of the rights of the accused, and on the other hand, it serves as a mechanism to deter potential abuses by state authorities. Thus, the presumption of innocence contributes to ensuring the fairness of the judicial process and strengthens public confidence in the le gal system as a whole. The article is devoted to the study of specific issues of the principle of presumption of innocence in the context of international criminal law. The author examines its enshrinement in international legal documents and application in the practice of international judi cial institutions. The paper analyzes certain aspects of the presumption of innocence, including its interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights as a fundamental principle of justice and a specific right of the accused. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the presumption of innocence as an objective legal provision, rather than a subjective opinion of the partic ipants in the process. The author explores the differences in the formulation of the principle of presumption of innocence in various international documents and their impact on the procedures for applying and refuting this principle. Key decisions of the European Court of Human Rights that interpret and apply the relevant provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are examined. The author emphasizes the importance of this principle as a guarantor of fairness and objectivity in international criminal justice. The work contains a review of scientific sources, demonstrating the complexity and multifaceted nature of the issue of presumption of innocence in international law. Based on the analysis conducted, there is a need for further research and adaptation of this principle to ensure its effectiveness in the context of the development of international criminal justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problem of distinguishing Internet law from Information Law and IT Law, establishing its place among other branches of law, reveals the main criteria for legal regulation of IT Law and fixing the basic principles of its functioning. Attention is focused on the fact that IT and the Internet network are interrelated, since the latter is the habitat of the former, and at the same time, the latter does not make any sense without tools with which any information can be processed. Thus, when considering the definitions of „information", „іnformation technologies" and „Internet network" in the context of the digital space, it was determined that they are interrelated - information is the main element, information technologies are used to work with information (for collecting, storing, processing), and the Internet network is used for transmitting and exchanging data. Such a conclusion can provide a complete picture of how and in accordance with what hierarchy these concepts should be displayed from the point of view of Information Law, IT Law and Internet Law. It was found that Information Law is essentially a broader concept than IT Law and undoubtedly includes it, however, given the specifics of the environment in which the relevant legal relations arise and the subject performing various operations with information, it would be more expedient to separate it into a separate institution of the former. This division is due in particular to the emergence of new areas of development, such as the institute of artificial intelligence, the institute of cloud technologies, the institute of digital signature and the globalization of the Internet network. Thus, Information Law and IT Law regulate a homogeneous range of public relations and are essentially related as an industry and an institution, but they have certain differences that are due to the environment of the emergence of regulatory relations. In turn, Internet Law is a separate branch of law that should regulate public relations that arise in the appropriate environment and consolidate fundamental digital rights and obligations, based on an international character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the legal support for electronic document management in Ukraine. It is determined that the introduction of innovative transformations in Ukraine in the context of information technology development involves the use of modern forms and methods of work based on electronic information exchange. Numerous forms and methods that have been used for decades in the field of information and communication relations for information processing have proven to be unjustified and ineffective in the new social and information and innovative realities. Electronic document management has replaced paper document management. The study found that the electronic document management system in Ukraine is undergoing a long path of development and formation. The introduction of electronic document management contributes to the digital modernization of Ukraine. The availability of reformed legislation is important for carrying out qualitative changes, which generates legal certainty of the status of subjects of the process of significant transformations. The electronic form of documents provides the necessary level of information security for participants in legal relations, since the exchange of documents occurs in encrypted form using a qualified electronic signature. It has been established that there is a saving of human and material resources that were previously used for printing, sending and storing documents. Remote advantages provide mobility and convenience of document transfer via electronic document management platforms or e-mail. The implementation of this document management system allows creating electronic archives for more efficient document storage. It has been established that the main effect of introducing electronic document management is resource-based. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the risks of introducing electronic document management by both state and local government bodies a nd business entities. The state of electronic document management in Ukraine in the field of public administration has been analyzed and ways of its further development have been identified. It has been established that the legal support for electronic document management requires further development, updating, balance, harmonization with international legal norms and standards. Implementation of high-quality legal, institutional, organizational, and managerial transformations in the sphere of public administration in the context of European integration requirements based on the recognition of a person as the highest social value is an urgent vital necessity, which will contribute to the development of Ukraine as a competitive state with a strong economy and advanced technologi es. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of insolvency practitioners in the corporate restructuring process amidst economic instability and dynamic changes. It highlights the primary tasks of an insolvency practitioner, such as developing a restructuring plan, negotiating with creditors, and overseeing the implementation of measures aimed at restoring the company's solvency. Particular attention is given to the contemporary problems and challenges faced by insolvency practitioners: legislative and regulatory issues, financial and economic problems, interactions with stakeholders, organizational and managerial issues, as well as ethical and moral challenges. It is established that researching these problems is critically important for improving the effectiveness of insolvency practitioners' activities and for developing appropriate regulatory and practical recommendations. This paper analyzes the legislative norms regulating the activities of insolvency practitioners. A review of changes in legal regulations and their impact on the activities of insolvency practitioners is conducted. Criteria for the effectiveness of insolvency practitioners' activities are determined. Successful cases of corporate rehabilitation and the factors influencing their effectiveness are analyzed. The methods and strategies of interaction between insolvency practitioners with creditors and debtors are examined. The problems and conflicts arising in the communication process and ways to resolve them are considered. Approaches to asset management, including the sale of property and cost optimization, are analyzed. Innovative methods of attracting investments and improving the financial condition of a company are discussed. The macroeconomic factors affecting rehabilitation procedures are analyzed. The impact of economic crises, tax policies, and financial regulation on the activities of insolvency practitioners is explored. Ethical standards and principles that insolvency practitioners must adhere to are assessed. Cases of ethical norm violations and their consequences are analyzed. The current trends and technological innovations impacting the activities of insolvency practitioners have been considered, namely: digitization of document management, process automation, analytical tools and big data, blockchain technology, smart contracts, and cybersecurity. Prospects for the development of rehabilitation procedures in the context of digitalization and the use of analytical tools are investiga ted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication is aimed at studying the principle of ensuring the right to appellate review of a case and, in cases specied by law, to cassation appeal as a fundamental constitutional principle of Ukrainian judicial procedure, and at identifying the issues of its interpretation and implementation within the framework of civil proceedings, and at formulating conclusions and proposals aimed at resolving the identied issues and contributing to the improvement of judicial practice. The paper 1-rst denes the signicance of this principle for achieving the tasks of civil procedure and analyzes its place in the system of other principles of civil procedure. It is found that the principle of ensuring the right to appeal a case and, in cases dened by law, to cassation appeal does not compete with other principles of civil procedure, but organically complements them, allowing to correct judicial errors made, thereby guaranteeing the principles of legality, objective truth and others. The analysis of the name of the studied principle revealed a legislative narrowing of its content, used by the indication of the possibility of appealing a «court decision», while other legislative provisions and the practice of civil procedure indicate the possibility of appealing rulings and orders of the court. The e-ectiveness of the legislative approach to the comprehensive nature of the appeal is substantiated, with the exclusivity and extraordinary nature of the cassation review of court decisions that have entered into legal force and the e-ectiveness of existing mechanisms for implementing this provision (a wide range of subjects of the appeal, limitation of the cassation appeal for certain categories of cases, mandatory preliminary appeal of the court decision, etc.). A certain problem was revealed during the analysis of the civil procedure law norm regarding the denition of the objects of appeal in the aspect of its content presentation through the prism of its consistency with the constitutional norm (64 of the Constitution of Ukraine), according to which the limitation of constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and citizen should be provided for by legal norms, therefore, through the prism of consistency with this provision, it would be more logical to establish a prohibition on appeal in relation to each individual judicial act. Legislative work aimed at eliminating certain imperfections in the legal regulation will contribute to a more e-ective implementation of the principle of ensuring the right to appeal a case and, in cases dened by law, to cassation appeal in the practice of civil proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers women’s access to justice as an invisible problem, the existence of which is overlooked or denied. Cases where women in similar situations experience more adverse legal consequences are not perceived as linked to gender inequality. The reasons for the invisibility of the problem are rooted in the Soviet past, in the patriarchal traditions of Ukrainian society, as well as in the reluctance to abandon myths and stereotypes, the lack of proper reflection on the past and the lack of a culture of public discussion of important social problems, the marginalization of “women’s” topics. To illustrate the invisibility of the problem, results of the questioning of training participants (judges, court staff and law enforcement officers) has been used, i.e. the discussion regarding manifestations of gender inequality, acknowledged in the Concept Paper of the State Programme for Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities of Women and Men, approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 21, 2012, No. 1002. The author noted, that during many years of delivering gender equality trainings only those participants who de facto contribute to caregiving/family responsibilities admitted that inadequate level of providing conditions for “a harmonious combination of family and professional responsibilities” is an actual problem; the same is observed in relation to other manifestations of inequality between women and men, which confirms the opinion that the perception of relevance or irrelevance of specific manifestations of gender inequality is determined by the individual’s own experience. The trend of reducing gender gap is perceived as the irrelevance of a certain manifestation of gender inequality, since “the situation has been improved significantly”, even if the gap remains large. In addition to the experience of delivering trainings, “stories from life” were also used to demonstrate the invisibility of the problem, particularly cases that illustrate the superior, prejudiced and sexist attitude towards women in high level (deputy minister) positions, especially when compared with the attitude towards men of the same age and status. Since a problem that is invisible has no chance of being solved, the ability to “notice”, “see”, “make visible”, “name”, “qualify”, etc. are the first steps towards its solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the legal duty of citizens in the tax sphere, which is constitutional. This type of obligation arises for citizens of Ukraine, resident individuals and non-resident individuals for each tax and fee in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and current legislation. The relevance of this study is that the legal obligations of citizens in the tax sphere are one of the most important components of optimal interaction between the individual and the state. As a rule, the participants of the legal relationship bear the corresponding legal obligations. Thus, this component determines a clear law and order, any other state and manifestation of social life, the observance of discipline, especially in the conditions of martial law, because the tax on the income of natural persons is the income from the tax on the financial support of the military. The object of the research is social relations that regulate the emergence, change, and fulfillment of the legal obligation of citizens in the tax sphere. The subject of this research is the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, current tax legislation and other legal acts. The adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the TC of Ukraine) led to the normative and legal consolidation of one of the key categories of tax law-the legal obligation of citizens. This duty is one of the main duties of taxpayers to pay a certain amount to the state for the performance of the functions entrusted to state authorities and local self-government bodies to finance expenses for various spheres of citizens’ life. Also, the current legislative documents of Ukraine in the tax sphere were considered, which, according to the decree of the President of Ukraine “On the introduction of martial law in Ukraine”, in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation, underwent and noted many changes. Proper legal regulation of legal relations is of great importance for ensuring the fulfillment of legal obligations in the tax field. It was concluded that the practice of current legislation regarding the regulation and implementation of legal obligations in the tax field in the conditions of martial law requires a deeper analysis and generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the features of the object of the crime provided for by Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, such as the victim and the subject of the crime. It has been established that in the course of the commission of this offense, the victim is usually excluded. An exception is only the qualified structure of the crime, which is related to the demand of unlawful benefit (Part 3 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). A natural person becomes a victim when extortion is committed, provided for in Part 3 of Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, since, as is known, extortion involves the threat of violence against the victim or his close relatives, restriction of the rights, freedoms or legal interests of these persons, damage or destruction of their property or property in their custody or under protection, or disclosure of information that the victim or his close relatives wish to keep secret. The debatable issue regarding illegal gain as a subject or means of committing a crime, provided for in Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, has been researched. It has been argued that unlawful benefit should be recognized as the subject of this criminal offense, since the socially dangerous acts described in this article, which consist in the offer, promise or provision of unlawful benefit, as well as in the acceptance of the offer, promise or receipt of unlawful benefit, are committed for the purpose of unlawful benefit, regarding it, as well as the presence of such a criminal offense as abuse of influence is connected with its properties. At the same time, the unlawful benefit specified in Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine cannot facilitate the commission of this crime, since the actual actions in relation to it constitute criminal influence. This crime is embodied precisely in the actions regarding the wrongful gain. Without illegal benefit, there will be no act, and therefore there is no reason to talk about ensuring its commission or facilitating it. It has been determined that an unlawful benefit could be the means of committing a criminal offense only if the provision of Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine covered the actual criminal influence on decision-making by a person authorized to perform the functions of state or local self-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reveals the organisational and legal framework for participation of higher education institutions of Ukraine in the implementation of the state’s anti-corruption policy. Based on the analysis of current legislative and subordinate legal acts on combating corruption in Ukraine, as well as legislation on education, the author highlights the legal capabilities of higher education institutions in terms of implementing national anti-corruption policy measures. It is determined that higher education institutions shall organise educational and awareness-raising campaigns with anti-corruption content, carry out activities to ensure the integration of anti-corruption topics into the content of higher education, work to form an attitude of intolerance to corruption in all its manifestations among students, introduce their own forms of activity to cultivate respect for corruption whistleblowers, implement measures to eradicate corruption risks in the internal activities of educational institutions and participants in the educational process, prevent conflicts of interest in the field of education and science, etc. The author proposes the classification of anti-corruption measures initiated and implemented by higher education institutions at the local level. In particular, such measures, depending on the specifics of the subject matter, are grouped into several groups: measures to create and introduce special educational components on anti-corruption into the educational process, organisation of special scientific research on the most pressing issues of anti-corruption and participation in targeted grant programmes on the prevention of corruption, development, adoption and implementation of local regulations on anti-corruption, introduction of a position of a responsible person for anti-corruption activities, and establishment of a special unit for anti-corruption activities. The author substantiates the existing organisational and legal problems of ensuring a high level of efficiency higher education institutions’ participation in the implementation of the state’s anticorruption policy. In particular, these include legal uncertainty of the criteria and methods for assessing the effectiveness of higher education institutions’ participation in the state’s anti-corruption policy, insufficient legal regulation of preventive anti-corruption measures taken by higher education institutions in the academic environment, and the lack of algorithmisation of the introduction of foreign experience in anti-corruption activities of foreign academies and universities into national practice. The author substantiates the expediency of creating a special international inter-academic platform for borrowing the best foreign experience of anti-corruption activities among participants in educational processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an analysis of the compositions of administrative offenses in the sphere of circulation of civilian firearms. During the research, a number of problematic aspects were identified that could negatively affect the application of the relevant provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, and a series of proposals were put forward to address these gaps. In particular, the publication emphasizes the need to differentiate in Article 85 of the Code of Administrative Offenses the administrative responsibility for violations of hunting rules depending on the type of animals that have been hunted or attempted to be hunted by the subject of the respective offense, taking into account the rates for calculating the compensation for damages caused as a result of violations of legislation in the field of hunting and game management (except for species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine). The paper also highlights the expediency of differentiation of liability in the aforementioned article of the Law for Fisheries with the use of firearms based on the criterion of causing or not causing damage to ichthyofauna by relevant actions. Furthermore, the author proposes to amend Article 174 of the Code of Administrative Offenses regarding the use of firearms in the following version: ‘Shooting with firearms in an uncleared area of a populated area, in an uncleared area outside a populated area, or in a cleared area in violation of the established procedure’ and to differentiate responsibility in the specified norm depending on the place of commission of the administrative offense as a feature of the objective side. Moreover, with the aim of improving and enhancing the effectiveness of the application of administrative-legal prescriptions, the scientific article focuses on the controversial aspects of the object, objective side, and subject of the composition of the administrative offense envisaged by Article 190 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; normative formulation of the title and disposition of Article 192 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; the circle of persons constituting the subjective composition of administrative offenses envisaged in Articles 191–195 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; sanctions for committing administrative offenses provided for in Parts 1, 2, 4 of Article 85 and Articles 174, 190–195 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to determining the impact of exogenous shocks, that occurred in different historical periods, on the development of the monetary policy of central banks. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that the analyzed examples of exogenous shocks occurred in different historical periods, usually had different foundations and differed in the course of events. However, the defining characteristic affecting the framework of monetary policy was their premature unpredictability. Sometimes indicators of future shocks were ignored by economic agents (as in the case of the Asian financial crisis), or exogenous shocks really had no precursors (for example, in the case of military conflicts). Regarding this, and despite the adoption by many countries of the framework of monetary policy in the form of inflation targeting, the main task of central banks in times of exogenous shocks remains to ensure the liquidity of the banking sector in order to prevent panic. The complexity of central banks' response to exogenous shocks was also manifested in the fact that they were usually not the only cause of shocks and subsequent recessions. Usually, their existence coincided in time with other large shocks in nature (for example, oil shocks with military conflicts or overcoming the consequences of COVID-19 with the russian invasion of Ukraine). The author emphasizes that during periods of exogenous shocks, various inflationary tendencies appear, affecting the expectations of economic agents. For example, during the periods of the first oil shocks, inflationary pressure increased, but subsequent crises associated with a significant increase in oil prices were less stressful due to the improvement of institutional monetary mechanisms for responding to them and the reduction of the share of oil in production and consumption processes. In turn, the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a decrease in economic productivity, which was the basis for weakening inflationary pressure. Based on this, the timely identification of the nature of exogenous shocks, their development trends, the presence of an independent and transparent status of central banks, the development of traditional (interest rate) and non-traditional (for example, currency interventions) instruments of monetary intervention determine both the duration of shocks and the subsequent terms of economic recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he article explores an innovative approach to establishing a museum of contemporary art in Ukraine using digital technology. The paper delves into the theoretical foundations of digital and virtual museums, emphasizing their role in preserving and promoting contemporary art amidst modern challenges such as pandemics and armed conflicts. The Non-Governmental organization (NGO) 'Museum of Contemporary Art' (established in 2020) aims to create a new professional institution in Ukraine dedicated to contemporary art. Unlike traditional methods where digitization follows the establishment of a physical museum, this project begins with a digital platform that serves as the foundation for a future physical museum. This approach highlights the innovative nature of the project and opens new horizons for museum practices and cultural heritage preservation. The digital platform not only documents existing artworks but also aids in forming a museum from the ground up, based on digitized collections. This initial digital creation preceding physical realization underscores the unique and groundbreaking character of the initiative. The article discusses the practical implications of the digital platform, including the management of art collections, facilitating research, and enhancing public access. It also addresses challenges related to copyright and collaboration with other institutions. Additionally, the article introduces the 'Wartime Art Archive', a project that preserves visual art created during the state of war, highlighting its significance for future generations. This digital platform is poised to become a comprehensive database of Ukrainian contemporary art, uniting works from various autonomous museums and private collections, thus fostering collaboration and accessibility. The ultimate goal is to create an inclusive and expansive representation of Ukrainian contemporary art, leveraging digital tools to overcome physical and logistical barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the clarification and generalization of the analytical methodology for the synthesis of typical digital astatic regulators of industrial electric drives, which can be presented in the form of discrete transfer functions in the Ztransformation, according to the given speed quality factor, and the development of recommendations for determining the setting parameters of such regulators. It is proposed to determine the coefficient of the integral component according to the given speed quality factor, and determine the other setting parameters in such a way as to compensate for two (for PIDregulators) or one (for PI-regulators) poles of the discrete transfer function of the control object. The ranges of speed quality factor values for a number of electric drives that are optimal in terms of dynamic performance indexes have been determined. It has been proven that to increase the speed in systems with PI controllers, it is necessary to compensate for the larger of the two poles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of investigation the stability conditions of self-excited induction generators. A mathematical model of the generating system with an analytical description of the dependence of the magnetization inductance on the current is used. It allows to avoid the iterative procedure and to scale the dependence to determine the magnetization inductance for induction machines of different types and power. The influence of the load inductance on the stability of the generating system at different rotational speeds is investigated. It is shown that an increase in the inductance value increases the system stability margins in the self-excitation zone. Also this article deals with the issues of system stability within the self-excitation zone of an induction generator at different rotational speeds depending on the value of the capacitance of self-excitation capacitors. It is depicted that at low rotational speeds there may not exist a stable operation mode in the self-excitation zone regardless of the value of the capacitance in the motor stator circuit. This method of determination the stability of the operation modes of the generation system will be useful both for the design of new systems and for the modification and adjustment of existing ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the parameters of 115 types of existing wind turbines (WT) were analyzed and their power curves were modeled by using the Weibull cumulative distribution function (CDF). On the basis of these data, regression equations were obtained for the CDF parameters for the power curves of WT due to their main sizes: the nameplate capacity of the generator P and the rotor D. Based on the analysis of the obtained 115 WT CDF parameters and main sizes, the regression model of the WT average used power (AUP) in specific wind conditions has been built. The area of existence of possible values of main sizes P and D is defined. The presence of local maxima in the distribution of AUP by nameplate capacity at fixed values of the rotor diameters has been revealed. An analytical relationship was found between the optimal values of WT main sizes in different wind conditions. Certain restrictions were obtained for the maximum rotor diameter depending on the values of the nameplate capacity. The average starting wind speed of 3.37 m per s, at which the wind turbine starts working, has been determined theoretically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) is an abnormal function of the thyroid gland towards increasing caused by excessive iodine intakes of the body. The main reasons for the development of IIT are effects of increased amounts of iodine in people with long-standing iodine deficiency, medical procedures with exposure to radiographic iodinated contrast media as well as long-term treatment with iodine-containing drugs, primarily amiodarone. Aim: to describe an original practical case of the type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis development, to analyze the peculiarities of its clinical manifestations, to evaluate the possibilities for pharmacological correction of thyropathy, and to show the importance of the thyroid gland function systematic monitoring to prevent amiodarone-associated thyroid complications on the example of a particular patient taking antiarrhythmic therapy for a long time. A 71-year-old patient S. was on inpatient treatment in the Endocrinology Department of MNE "Zaporizhzhia Regional Clinical Hospital" ZRC with diagnosed thyrotoxicosis based on complaints, laboratory and instrumental examinations, which was probably caused by long-term amiodarone treatment. A vitally important situation for the patient was the compression of mediastinal organs of unspecified genesis, which significantly complicated swallowing in the first place and impaired food passage into the stomach. Additional examinations using imaging methods were contraindicated due to thyrotoxicosis, since iodine-containing contrast agents could not be used. Surgical decompression of mediastinal organs was also not considered due to the presence of concomitant pathology which greatly increased the operative risk. Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with the use of thyrostatic drugs in dynamics did not result in a significant decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormones. It was decided to prescribe glucocorticoids. The patient started prednisolone therapy at a dose of 30 mg per day. A week later, positive dynamics were obtained as a reduction in compression phenomena. The patient began to swallow normally and take food independently. According to the treatment regimen, the dose of prednisolone and methimazole was gradually reduced to maintenance. On the 17th day of hospital stay, the patient was discharged for further treatment in an outpatient setting. After 4 months, the patient was examined by an endocrinologist. A palpable decrease in the thyroid gland size was noted. There were no objective signs of thyrotoxicosis. Based on laboratory tests, TSH was 1.28 μIU/ml (0.38-4.31 μIU/ml), free T4 was 15.52 ng/dL (0.82-1.63 ng/dL). The patient was capable of eating independently and did not complain of swallowing disorders or other clinical manifestations of mediastinal compression. He continued to take prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg per day, tyrosol 5 mg per day. Conclusions. Thus, the paper has described and analyzed the clinical case of the patient with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Findings have indicated that cessation of amiodarone and management with glucocorticoids in view of ineffective thyrostatic treatment resulted in positive response to therapy of thyropathy in the patient. The importance of routine thyroid function monitoring to prevent amiodarone-induced thyroid complications of long-term antiarrhythmic therapy has also been shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The paper aimed to update the study on accelerated biological aging as a complication of cancer therapy with a focus on diagnosing and prognosing the disease course. The authors independently searched scientific literature for the systematic review within databases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane in the period from 2018 to 2024, using combinations of keywords "cancer", "biological aging", "replicative aging", "antitumor therapy", "markers of cellular senescence", "coronary artery calcium" and selected full-text publications written in English and Ukrainian with level 1-3 evidence. People affected by cancer grow old faster. This could be related to malignant growth biology as well as to methods of anticancer therapy received. Cytostatics, targeted, hormonal and immune drugs damage not only malignant, but also benign cells, which leads to violations of replication with sustained cell cycle arrest and other phenotypic signs - macromolecular damage, metabolic changes, production of a specific senescence-associated secretome. Clinically, this is manifested by reduced work capacity, weakness, chronic organ dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, progression of coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sarcopenia, cognitive disorders, a de novo development of tumors and premature death. Biological markers of cellular senescence include the expression of lipofuscin, Ki67, p21 WAF1/Cip1 or p16 INK4a. A clinical marker of aging is the deposition of calcium salts within coronary arteries based on the Agatston score detected using multidetector computed tomography. Conclusions. A better understanding of the cancer consequences associated with accelerated biological aging might suggest new therapeutic strategies and improve the quality of life among cancer survivors. Rehabilitation measures through changes in diet, caloric restriction, aerobic exercises and pharmacological senolytic therapy should be a part of a patient's daily routine after completion of radical cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]