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The paper is devoted to new scientific approaches to the formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major cities of the country. The paper considers solving the problem of transport cost reducing, as a significant part of the production cost in an industrial sector of the economy and enterprises, by implementing a complex of logistics operations in the field of transport services. The purpose of the theoretical paper is a mathematical formalization of the solution of the particular problems of optimizing the traffic control on the basic network of transport highways with varying degrees of detail of municipal facilities. There is a set of mathematical models developed to adequately describe the temporal characteristics of developing the transport and logistics complexes of the cities with the possibility of their optimization at any time according to a given set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main issues in reaching the modern level of cargo handle capacity for railroads of the Eastern Part of Russia. The main problems troubles of the current development strategy for Eastern polygon of the Russian Railways have been identified. Based on review of best practices of the overseas railroads in the bulk and intermodal cargo transportation, this paper proposed a direction for intensive railroad capacity development using the set of the key technologies for heavy-haul trains. The main idea of the paper is to take advantage of the distributed power for the heavy-haul trains to reduce longitudinal dynamics and lower rail track wear. It is necessary to dramatically revise the technical requirements for locomotives of next generation and make them more adopted to the operating model and conditions of the Eastern polygon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, heavy haul traffic on AC railways of Russia has caused an increase in electric currents flowing through the elements of the traction power supply system and track circuits, which significantly exceed the design values. Increased electrical loads complicate the operation of traction substations elements, contact networks, relay protection and automation devices, signaling, centralization and blocking system. A significant problem with increasing loads is a rail potential magnification, which violates electrical safety and can even lead to failures and interruptions in railway traffic. The paper investigates rail potential formation along the entire length of the intersubstation zone between traction substations by means of simulation model developing throw MathLAB Simulink software. Based on the findings, further research opportunities for a quantitative assessment of changes and early identification of rail potentials critical values at AC railways. The novelty in this paper lies in the identified and constructed graphics for rail potentials dependence on electrical resistances of different elements and circuit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the role of atomic energy in the energy balance and the nuclear industry development strategies of countries. The development problems of the Russian nuclear industry, which is the most important condition for ensuring energy independence and stable growth of the country's economy, have been identified. The paper describes the specifics of atomic energy, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as risks and opportunities. A brief overview of the theoretical fundamentals of the modern theory of clusters and various scientific approaches to the concept of a cluster is given, the domestic nuclear industry development specifics are shown, and the existence of the nuclear industry cluster in Russia, its effective functioning, and successful development is justified. The mechanism of state management and financial support of the nuclear industry cluster has been formulated, and the role of its research complex in the Russian nuclear industry development has been determined. The expediency of improving the mechanism for managing and funding the research complex of the nuclear industry cluster using the model of creating a state fund for supporting scientific, research, and innovative activities in the field of atomic energy has been justified, which, among other things, will improve the efficiency of budgetary expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the unique role of the educational system in the life of the modern digital society, which focuses on the basic provisions, values and principles that are inherent in the post-industrial era. The efficiency and quality of the work of the education system directly depends on human potential, the ability of people to overcome not only natural, but also cultural challenges. The difficult modern conditions in which Russia found itself require a qualitative transformation of the entire national educational system. The object of research in the article is the digital culture inherent in modern Russian society, in the development of its impact on the transformation of the educational environment. The analysis of digitalization in the system of higher education carried out by the authors shows that at the moment it is a form of administrative-compulsory imposition in higher educational institutions in the form of distance learning technologies, for example, in the form of online courses, while the practical experience of many leading foreign institutions shows that they have an extremely low degree of integration into the higher education system. The purpose of the study conducted in the article is to study various possible directions for the development of digital culture based on the analysis and subsequent assessment of the degree of its interaction with modern values of education. The authors propose a conceptual scheme for creating a metauniversity in the form of a technological platform operating in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses wood as a valuable raw material for the production of building, finishing, insulating materials and fuel. An analysis was made of the production activities of one of the timber enterprises of the Angara-Yenisei region and the portfolio of marketable products produced by it for the period from 2017 to 2021. An assessment is made of the dynamics of changes in production volumes and the cost of fibreboard, lumber and pellets over 5 years. The influence of the average distance of cargo transportation, the pace of housing construction in Russia, the volume of production in the furniture industry, the growth of the global economy, restrictions on the export of products to the European market caused by both the spread of coronavirus infection and the foreign political situation in the world on the production volumes of wood processing enterprises, its cost is described. and demand. In order to improve the timber industry enterprise, the need to ensure an optimal balance of production and consumption of wood biomass by means of improving the portfolio of manufactured products is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), the issues of timely delivery of raw materials and goods are becoming the main factor in the efficiency of formed transport and logistics chains. The acceleration of the process of cargo transportation in international traffic has an impact on the economic and political interaction of the participating countries. Today, transit transportation of goods and containers should be carried out according to the principles of "seamless" logistics. Such transportation is possible only with the development and implementation of digital technologies and the creation of a single information platform with the connection of all participants in the transport market. The state of the terminal and transport infrastructure of border checkpoints is a limiting element in the movement and processing of foreign trade cargo flows. The purpose of this article is to study the problems of functioning of border checkpoints on the territory of the Far Eastern District of Russia and to consider the criteria for the formation of terminal and logistics infrastructure for the effective passage of projected cargo volumes. The paper presents and describes two groups of criteria – basic and additional. At the end of the article, the existing technological problems in the passage of goods across the state border are considered and tools for improving the efficiency of the organization and promotion of international goods are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, none of the modes of transport can independently satisfy all customer requests. For example, without the use of road transport, it will not be possible to deliver cargo "from door to door". The increase in the volume of multimodal transport allows to reduce the imbalance between different modes of transport and optimize the transport system. Transportation from the Pacific region is particularly relevant at the moment, as this region is a reliable partner of Russia during the introduction of new sanctions by the European Union. And the active development of the Pacific region In this paper, the transportation of auto parts in containers will be considered, which is also an urgent topic, since the container transportation market shows positive dynamics every year. The purpose of this work was to develop an optimal transportation route from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of development of transport and road complex in the era of transformation of socio-economic systems, in particular caused by consequences of pandemic COVID-19, were analyzed. The justification for the need to develop a new strategy for the development of the transport and road complex for the exit of the economic system of the Russian Federation from the crisis is given. The logic of constructing the author's concept is presented, in which the transport and road complex is considered not simply as a factor of economic development, but as an attractor of the development of the socio-economic system of the state. The paper presents an analysis of the picture of state bifurcations and methods of reproducing the transport network. The synergy of the process of influence of transport and road complex on socio-economic system is described. An algorithm for choosing spatial solutions for the development of the transport and road complex has been developed to expand communication opportunities and eliminate the socio-economic asymmetry of the development of individual territories. Conclusions were drawn on the possibility of using the proposed concept of the development of the transport and road complex in the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation to overcome the crisis caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car-sharing is a phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly widespread, first of all, in large cities. Since its inception in Russia, this phenomenon has become the object of scientific research by scientists from various branches of science, as well as the object of attention of journalists and practitioners. The benefits of car-sharing are obvious, its active use in megalopolises and large cities allows eliminating traffic jams, mitigating the problem of the lack of parking spaces, and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, there are many problematic aspects in the concept of car-sharing, primarily in the legal sphere, which are exacerbated as it spreads and increases in popularity. First of all, it is the problem of the safety of using carsharing for the driver and passengers. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the adherence to the rights of car-sharing users, on the one hand, and the car-sharing company, on the other hand, which is possible only by detailed and effective legal regulation. The main legal problems of using car-sharing in Russia, including the issues of the security of this service are analysed in this paper. Based on the study conducted, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the use of car-sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the issues concerning the investigation of the deformation properties of the soft saturated clayey soils by means of static sounding and dynamic probing, as well as plate bearing test. It is indicated that with using static sounding and dynamic probing, the reliable deformation characteristics of soils can be obtained. The paper presents the static sounding and dynamic probing procedures that are currently used in Russia. The plate-bearing test utilizing various in size bearing plates is also described in the paper. The procedure for obtaining the necessary results is described, methods for evaluating the results are considered, and the main key points of these studies are given. The article draws conclusions. It is indicated, that on the basis of the numerous field investigations carried out during the time period of 1992-2020, it appeared impossible to establish a robust agreement between the deformation characteristics of soft saturated clay, determined using static sounding and dynamic probing tests, and those determined using the plate-bearing test performed with the bearing plates of 600, 3000 and 500 sq. cm, as well as deformation characteristics obtained from the laboratory tests results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world has had different challenges and needs to analyze and track trends in regional economies. This paper examines economic indicators leading to spatial differentiation within macro-regions for the case of both Bulgaria and Russia as countries that have similar conditions on some key indicators of regional development. The analysis period is long - 20 years in order to be able to derive more specific trends in the behavior of production activity. Data on regional gross domestic product, population, foreign direct investment and employment were used as a basis, treating the sectoral and spatial variation within local emerging markets. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is calculated to highlight leading economic activities in different regions for an explanation of ongoing trends nature and an assessment of diversification degree of the spatial distribution of economic activities. We find using the multivariate OLS model that diversification in construction has a stronger influence on regional growth than diversification of the total amount of all investments in all sectors of resourse region. We concluded that foreign direct investment in the regional economies of Bulgaria and the Siberian macro-region would contribute to infrastructural development, which we will investigate later in our next joint works. The guidelines in the differences that are derived are of particular importance in the planning of regional policies and preparation of strategic documents and predetermine the need to analyze regional economies periodically and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article was written as part of the general work on the development of a methodology for conducting scientific and technical support during the construction of unique high-rise buildings, related to organizational and technical measures in the implementation of scientific and technical support for the construction of high-rise buildings. This article describes the process of determining the effectiveness of scientific and technical support in the construction of unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that the methodology for conducting scientific and technical support for construction is not fixed in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, the process of conducting scientific and technical support at construction sites is often formal and does not affect the reduction of construction time, cost reduction, risk reduction, etc. indicators. In order to streamline the process of conducting scientific and technical support for construction, this work is developing a methodology for generating a list of organizational and technical measures that have lists of criteria for the possibility of applying these measures for various unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that unique high-rise construction objects are considered, individual organizational and technical measures should be applied to each object, taking into account various geological, environmental, and natural conditions at the objects. The paper presents a calculation of the effectiveness of conducting scientific and technical support, this calculation allows you to determine how effective scientific and technical support will be at the facility in the event of certain organizational and technical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis results of scientometric data of modern Russian research in Computer science to form and evaluate thematic trends, as well as determine their position relative to the trends of world scientific publications. The study is based on the methods of scientometric analysis of bibliographic data to reveal the thematic distribution of scientific publications, including in retrospect. The bibliographic database of the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.Ru, the Scopus database, as well as the annual reports "Research fronts" published by Clarivate Analytics were used as data sources. In the course of the study, an examination of scientific publications was carried out, and internal research fronts were identified. A conclusion is drawn about the catching-up position of Russian research in the field of Computer sciences, and an assumption is made about the thematic areas that will be relevant in Russia in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer preferences are one of the major factors which influence consumer behavior and the purchasing decisions. Factor analysis can be applied in order to identify the most significant consumer preferences and to form market segments. The paper presents a methodology of using statistical factor analysis in researching and identifying the key behavioral factors influencing consumers' choice of bakery products. Thus, the study analyzes the possibilities of factor analysis application in the consumer behavior research. The authors propose using the semantic differential method to assess the priorities of consumers in their choice of bakery products. The object of the study is the bakery products market of the Ural region of the Russian Federation. The sample of consumers in the scope of the study consisted of 405 respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the obtained primary data. Factor analysis allowed the authors to identify the key factors influencing the choice of consumers: brand awareness, information on the packaging, naturalness of the product, freshness, presence of taste modifiers, and price. The adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test of sphericity. The multicollinearity between variables was assessed with the correlation matrix. In order to extract the factors and determine the number of the factors, the authors carried out the principal components analysis (PCA). The results prove that factor analysis allows extracting important factors from consumer survey data and identify consumer segments with specific peculiarities of priorities. A set of marketing communications has been developed for each segment based on the characteristics of the extracted factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies problems in the country's energy sector associated with low efficiency. Thus, a comparative analysis of statistical data showed that in 2020 there was an increase in the share of unprofitable energy enterprises in Russia from 46.3 to 48.3%, the growth of losses increased to 448,505 billion rubles, exceeding the values of 2019 -141,510 billion rubles, therefore, more than 3 times. It is shown that there is an increase in the degree of depreciation of fixed assets of energy enterprises from 45.7 to 47.6%, which is accompanied by an increase in the costs of maintaining the operability of equipment. In addition, the costs of correcting internal defects are increasing due to the poor-quality organization of monitoring the equipment condition, which also reduces the efficiency of energy enterprises. Different approaches to solving the problem have been summarized: the use of information innovations in the energy sector, the introduction of technological and transactional innovations, as well as innovations in the management of an energy company, for example, the transition to project management or a risk-based management model in the electric power industry. We offer project management to reduce non-manufacturing costs in an energy company on a concrete example of reducing the costs of internal defects correction and implementing an improvement algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we highlight the problems related to UN SDG number 7 (providing affordable, reliable and sustainable energy) by analyzing the current infrastructure that provides uninterrupted reliable energy supply to technologically isolated and hard-to-reach territories in the Russian Federation. We explain the different components of Hybrid Energy Complexes that include various elements of renewable energy sources, we analyze the factors influencing the efficiency of these complexes and we optimize the composition of these complexes by using a mathematical simulation program that predicts various output indicators. By comparing our estimates with actual data in Ust-Kamchatsk, we are able to highlight the accuracy of our program as well as make conclusions on how its future implementation may have a positive effect on both ecological and economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the current state of Indian Railways and dwells upon the present and potential challenges. Railways act as one of the major and busiest networks globally; it is a quintessential model of commercial transport for both goods and passengers. Recognized as the largest employer globally, it is hardly surprising that Indian Railways directly employs 6% of the total employment within the organized sector plus a 2.5% employment that gets generated through other entities dependent on it. The Railways boasts of being the fourth-largest rail network world-wide. Thus it is credited as the most accessible, prevalent, and affordable means of both passenger and goods transport. Having said this, it does face tough challenges in terms of catering to the ever-rising population and keeping a check on operational costs, which puts several constraints ahead of it. A committee of experts has been constituted to enforce reforms and improvements in services from time to time. This study tries to reflect upon the reforms proposed by experts with a special focus on Foreign Direct Investment requirements and creating a sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. The study endeavors to benchmark the Indian Railways with the Russian Railways' recent experience implementing the FDI and PPP models. It suggests a way forward to enforce better private participation and dwell upon policy measures to reform the Indian Railways. The study is qualitative and highlights the constraints and challenges that they pose in people's service. To analyze the scenario further, we have tried to draw a parallel with relatable economies like Russia and benchmarked with the Russian Railway's reforms, which could help compare similar reforms in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of today, the Russian Federation puts a special emphasis on the country's digital transformation in general and shows a particular interest towards big data, which is confirmed by a number of documents analyzed and the situation in the subject area. The research paper presented to your attention analyzes big data. One of their application areas is a public sector, in particular, the operation of federal regional bodies of the executive authority. The main value of big data from the governmental point of view consists in the possibility of work with heterogeneous information to improve the efficiency of management decision taking over a wide range of issues. The key research purpose is extrapolating the expertise in big data analysis used in the work of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Primorsky Territory. To do this, the authors suggest addressing to the theoretical assumptions of big data, learning the key chain of work on them and focusing on the national and foreign experience of data use in certain knowledge fields. The practical part of the research includes the description of the operation experience of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Prymorsky Territory directly relating to the region digital development and providing a certain list of works with heterogeneous data. As an example, the authors pay attention to the approved approach to the analysis of a large set of open data, characterizing the SME work and development in the Primorsky Territory, placed at the website of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. The conclusion highlights the point that the suggested approach on the data processing can be adapted to similar needs in other federal regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of using multidimensional analysis to determine composite quality indices of systems may be the specifics of the data used. Traditionally used as an initial transformation, data scaling does not eliminate the existing data properties. Logarithmic transformation is usually mentioned as possible, but recommendations for its use in the construction of composite indicators are not given. The paper proposes a criterion for the application of logarithmic transformation of variables. Logarithmic transformation is necessary exclusively for anomalous variables. An anomality criteria based on the signal-to-noise ratio of data in a proposed standard form is used. Visually abnormal variables can also be identified using heat maps. The proposed analytical method for detecting anomalous variables coincides with the results of heat map data analysis. The evaluation of the effectiveness of using logarithmic transformation in assessing the quality of poorly formalized systems is examined. Composite indexes of the quality of life for regions of the Russian Federation are calculated. The use of logarithmic correction for anomalous variables solves the problem with the negativity of the weighting coefficients as well as providing a more correct socio-economic interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the moment the energy safety of the Kaliningrad region (KR) is largely dependent on the mutual electrical energy exchange through existing connections to Lithuania and further to Belarus and Russia. Taking into account the upcoming KR energy system disconnection from Lithuania, followed by isolated operation (starting from 2025) and wind energy potential of KR, the question of electrical production by the wind as an option for KR sustainable development should be considered. The paper aims to compare three different connection possibilities for onshore power plans (WPP) of different capacity (30 and 90 MW) based on preliminary system power flow calculations using an especially developed energy system model, which are: 1. connection of WPPs to the existing substations of the grid; 2. connection of WPPs to "Wind Grid" ("WG") – new lines and substations in energy system especially constructed for wind energy production; 3. simultaneous connection of WPPs to existing substations and to "WG". The conclusion of the paper is 1st the option is the cheapest, but not viable because WPPs create additional problems with voltage levels and lines overload. Some measures to overcome observed problems are proposed. The electrical system parameters, such as voltage levels, power flows, and power losses are very close for the 3rd and 2nd options. The 3rd option is more expensive, because of additional switching equipment, but most flexible and easy to handle for the system operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the transformation of systems properties of the coal industry in Russia, which are a result of changes in the economic conditions in the industry. The focus is on the factors influencing the national and regional coal industry development and their transformation. The study shows that these factors differ significantly for various regions of Russia. The toolkit (an information-model complex) developed with the participation of the authors for research on the prospects for the coal industry development is presented. Systems properties of the coal industry and factors that affect its development were factored in when developing the toolkit. The experience of research conducted using the tools presented in the paper has shown their sufficient flexibility and adaptability depending on changing conditions in the coal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in the parameters of the electrical regime are significant for the efficient operation of power systems. The decision-making loop in most dispatching centers of large system operators includes LFO monitoring. It belongs to one of the most relevant areas of synchrophasor measurement data processing. There are several methods have for determining the source of forced oscillations. However, due to the scale and internal heterogeneity of the power systems, no one provides a final solution to the problem in practice. The paper proposes a combination of methods based on the analysis of the oscillation energy and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the measuring signals. The paper considers the examples of the LFO analysis in actual cases in the power system of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic of scientific research is the absence in domestic practice of systemic approaches to justified digital transformation in science-intensive organizations. This paper evaluates the implementation of a digitalization strategy using the example of science-intensive enterprises in strategic industries, substantiates the need for a sustainable digital transformation program in a science-intensive company. The level of digitalization of companies in Russia and the world is analyzed, synergistic effects from the implementation of digital initiatives and the advantages of their mutual aggregate interaction are revealed. Conclusions were made about the impact of the implementation of digital solutions on the competitiveness of knowledge-intensive industries, about the effects and effectiveness of the implementation of innovative digital projects. They also noted the risks, difficulties and problems arising in the implementation of digital solutions in enterprises. Strategic sectors of the economy were selected as the basis for the analysis: traditional sectors of the fuel and energy complex in terms of their contribution to the economy (PJSC Lukoil, PJSC Tatneft, State Corporation Rosatom) and in terms of development prospects (State Corporation Roskosmos). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of heat energy markets in countries with developed district heating systems (the Nordic countries, China and Russia). Changes to the organizational structure of the market are identified, in the context of generational change in district heating systems (1-5 generations). Special emphasis is placed on providing end-users of thermal energy with new options using renewable energy sources, heat pumps as stated in the new fourth energy package adopted in the European Union in 2019. Generalized block diagram of the automation system for active prosumer developed. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop wireless sensor control systems for district heating systems that keep pace with the market changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the review of problematic and controversial issues of the development of railway transport in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. When finding out the reasons for the disruption of railway transportation during World War I from 1914, which became even more aggravated during the 1917 revolution in Russia, some railway engineers, including revolutionary-minded, considered the operation of technical inspection and state control institutions in the industry adverse for the development of railways. From the point of view of some railway engineers, the normal functioning and development of the railways were possible only in the presence of specific conditions, i.e. its organization in all major details strictly corresponding to the nature of the business; complete stickiness to the plan of its course and full coordination of the operation of all parts of its complex mechanism without exception; properly trained and specially selected personnel set in conditions that ensure the best possible use of its business qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian market of transport and logistics infrastructure developed rather slowly in 2019. By the way, there was nowhere to expect breakthrough indicators – the growth of the world economy is slowing down, and therefore the decline trends are inherent in many industries around the world. Delivery volumes gradually gained momentum, but in early 2020 there was a crisis – the COVID-19 pandemic, which swept the whole world and changed the lives of not only millions of people, but also the situation in the international and regional markets. The closure of borders between countries and the introduction of a self-isolation regime has led to a significant reduction in the volume of production capacities. The COVID-19 pandemic, having disrupted the established ties between producers and consumers around the world, has made serious adjustments to the business processes of transport and logistics organizations. The paper analyzes the features of the formation and functioning of logistics chains for Russia and the world. Global trends in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the modern conditions of transformation of economic relations were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issues of response to abnormal and emergency situations, including threats of and acts of unlawful interference on vehicles and transport infrastructure facilities of the railways of the Russian Federation. The response process is considered in terms of the regulations of interaction between the units in charge of the response and transfer of information about an accident. Based on the results of the analysis of regulatory documents, the data on the response processes in the event of threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations were structured. An algorithmic model of the response process of the structural units of the railway, forces and units responsible for transport safety on the transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles and other safety authorities under threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the possible reasons for changes in hot water supply system's quality of Kirovsk. It has been investigated the most probable source of iron in hot water supply system by authors of this paper. Authors analyze the chemical composition of original water which has been used for cold and hot water supply system of several cities in Murmansk region. Researcher has pointed out the most significant indicators of original water's chemical composition which are affect to the determination of iron's increasing source. It has been determined the locations of sampling sites at a typical combined power plant with installed chemical water treatment and deaerator. Authors has proposed the various methods of water treatment at the Apatity power plant for cities heat supply system. Also, it has included pre-boiled water treatment. This work was performed by authors in project: "Clean water", Kirovsk. This project is a part of Federal Program "Clean water" which is in a structure of Russian water strategy until 2020. Funding and coordination of the program is by relevant ministries - the Russian Federation Ministry of Construction and Municipal Services, the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development and JSC "Institute of microeconomics". The total funding volume of Program is 331.8 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the apartment buildings technical condition are a huge digital array for making important management decisions both within the boundaries of individual territories of municipal formation, and for planning budget expenditures within the municipality, the subject of the federation and the country as a whole. In this paper the aspects of forming data on apartment buildings in various information systems are considered. Also, the basics of ensuring the reliability of the presented data are studied. The paper notes that for many years, during the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the requirements of technical regulations and regulatory documents on the maintenance and operation of apartment buildings are not fully observed by operating organizations. The deadlines for replacing the systems and equipment that have worked out are not met. It is noted that the federal legislators and the Government of the Russian Federation have not defined a general procedure for monitoring the technical condition of apartment buildings and have not formed a common approach to assessing their technical condition, the owners' obligation to finance these works has not been defined, their frequency has not been determined. It is shown that the data obtained during the condition monitoring of apartment buildings combined in federal and regional information systems would be an objective marker in the formation of state and municipal programs in the field of reducing the unfit for living housing fund monitoring financing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of the contemporary education system of African countries. It is noted that some African students prefer to obtain higher education abroad, including in the Russian Federation. Africa is progressing rapidly, and education has become an important factor of the continent's stable social, political and economic development. This pertains in particular to the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education. One of the main interests of almost all African countries is the formation of a higher education system that meets modern requirements. There is an urgent task of improving qualifications and employment of young people, whose numbers are rapidly increasing. The paper describes reforms that are being carried out in the system of training professional personnel. It is concluded that the development of education will not only help African countries "grow" own specialists in necessary fields, but also provide educational services at the continental and world level, thereby attracting additional capital to national economies. The author makes an attempt to highlight countries in Africa that are most actively raising the level of training of highly qualified personnel and becoming leaders in the field of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper substantiates the systemic limitation of the application of the concept of a smart city in terms of duration of the planning horizon. It is shown that use of this method shall be based on the prerequisites for transforming the urban system itself in order to correspond to the current economic situation. In the analytical part of the paper, the assumption is substantiated that the method that makes it possible to assess and predict changes in the stage of the life cycle of the industrial system of a city are multidimensional classification algorithms that allow to separate objects in accordance with similar characteristics. The feature space of the problem of multidimensional classification will be an array of assessments of factors characterizing the state of the regional industrial system, such as: presence of markets for products to neighboring regions/countries, the availability of infrastructure for implementation of expanded production, and availability of raw materials and labor resources, the intensity of competition; availability of raw materials and local labor resources. As a result of approbation, research results were obtained with a sufficient level of statistical significance based on the estimates of these factors in the 50 largest cities of Russia. In conclusion, it was concluded that the regional industrial subsystems of the largest cities in Russia are at different stages of the life cycle, with the majority at the growth stage, which suggests that in these regions it is necessary to set the goal of long-term preservation of ecological landscapes, the load on which will continue grow in the coming decades. At the same time, in cities with industrial subsystems at the stage of maturity, it is necessary to plan for transition to a new type of arrangement of the regional economy, assuming that the next generation of residents will be mainly employed in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the features of development of urban planning policy in Russia, in a historical context, are associated with the fact that large-scale urban planning until recently was not carried out in current conditions, while urban planning realities were based on the Soviet legacy created in other economic conditions, with the assumption of other economic, social and spiritual needs of the city people, both existing and potential. With the change in the economic formation, strategic urban planning, until recently, was not carried out on the required scale; the basic goal on the scale of urban development was to ensure the survival of the population, which also had a negative impact on the state of the space of post-Soviet Russian cities. It is concluded that at present it is necessary to rethink the principles of development of Russian cities, which differ significantly from the urban planning practice of other developed and developing countries. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to rethink the functionality of the urban environment, its consistent and systematic planning. In conclusion, the paper shows that in order to solve the set tasks, it is necessary to rethink the heritage of several economic and cultural structures of society, considering the current socio-economic and cultural situation. Wherein, the data for the period since 2000 show that at present it is necessary to search for interaction between the various dominants of the city. In modern conditions, decisions in the field of urban planning policy adopted in previous historical periods do not correspond to the current situation; to a greater extent, it is determined by economic reasons or local social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and baking qualities of flour of the main cereals: wheat, rye and triticale. The advantages and disadvantages of each crop are marked. The data collected by the authors provide a sufficiently detailed description of a popular and highly-demanded grain crop on the world market – triticale. Using the studies of domestic and foreign researchers-technologists of the baking industry, the authors conclu-sively prove the advantages of triticale grain flour. They mark therapeutic qualities of bakery products made with the use of this flour. The paper discusses various techniques for producing dough using triticale flour. We give a description of the useful properties of bread baked from dough of various kneading. Our article gives a good overview of the evaluation system of bread quality from triticale flour and a combination of triticale and wheat flour in various ratios. Moreover, it helps to get a ranking score for all indicators. The article's authors see the improvement of bread baking technology, the use of advanced additives that enhance the bakery products with triticale flour and give them therapeutic qualities. The article brings into sharp focus the importance of triticale in expanding the raw material base of the bakery industry. More-over, the world leaders in the production of triticale are named, as well as the leaders in the gross collections of triticale in the Russian Federation. The paper generalizes the practical experience of Russian bakers in the production of various types of bakery products with triticale flour. The authors mention the main varieties produced in different Russian regions. Also, they mark innovations of domestic baking industry. The article concludes with a review of promising directions for the triticale flour use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a relatively new issue: the role analysis of Russian cross-border regions in food provision of the country and ensuring food security of the regions themselves. The methodological foundation of the analysis was the studies conducted by Russian scientists, legal documents of the government, distribution statistics of public investments in the cross-border regions. The authors amply demonstrate the inequality in distribution of federal funds to the fixed capital of the cross-border regions, highlight the leading regions and outsider regions. The article assesses the economic development level of groups of cross-border regions, isolated by geographical feature. It is quite convincingly remarked that the Russian Federation has not formed an effective policy regarding the border territories in general, and ensuring their food security, in particular. The cross-border regions occupy a significant part in federal investments. Nevertheless, priority regions that are in acute need of state support to ensure their accelerated development have not been determined. In depressed regions, the average per capita consumption of staple foods that meets the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2016 has not yet been provided. The authors have traced the underconsumption of such essential human health products as milk, dairy products and vegetables to low incomes of the population. The abandoned status of some territories is the cause of their plight. Today, the issues of these territories are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development, which mainly solves the general problems of the regions. They do not consider the particularities of the cross-border territories and the significance of their development for ensuring food security in Russia. The paper concludes with the specific proposals for solving the topical issues of ensuring food security of the cross-border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to low-carbon development, to reduce the negative impact on the environment, mainly affects the energy sector. Natural gas occupies a stable position of the demand of the Unified Energy System of Russia for 2021-2026 in fossil fuel. When natural gas is burned, thermal nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx) are predominantly formed in power-generating boiler of thermal power plants. This article presents the modeling and study of the natural gas combustion process with the organization of flue gas recirculation to the active burning zone on the example of a power-generating boiler of the TGMT-464 type, using the ANSYS Fluent software package. The paper presents a model and graphs of the temperature and NOx content distribution in the active burning zone with a change in the proportion of flue gas recirculation from 0 to 22%. The decrease in the emission of harmful substances is explained by the decrease in the peak flame temperature in the active burning zone, which is the main indicator of the formation of NOx. The decrease in temperature in the active burning zone is explained by an increase in the volume of gases in the combustion zone. The article is intended for postgraduate, candidate for a doctor's degree interested in the development of methods for suppressing the formation of NOx in the combustion products power-generating boiler at TPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a bind of ways to improve indoor air conditions in the basement premises of the restored and reconstructed historical buildings. The features of the functional purpose of these basements are given and connected with religious architectural traditions of Russia. The measures are affecting the indoor air quality in the premises and building envelope conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of improving the structural safety of buildings and structures is to improve the methodology for examining their technical condition. One of the significant stages of the building survey is a preliminary or visual survey, during which visible defects and damage are identified that affect the bearing capacity and performance of structures. Further, depending on the degree of damage to structures, the need for a detailed survey of the building with openings of building structures, testing of structural materials and verification calculations is determined. On large objects with a significant number of defects, a visual inspection with fixation of all defects and damages requires a highly qualified expert and a lot of labor. With frequent recurrence of defects, there is a possibility of skipping them and obtaining a biased examination result. A significant increase in the efficiency of detecting defects and damage at the stage of visual inspection can be facilitated by the use of neural network technologies using machine learning methods. Works in Russia and abroad in all fields of science and technology are currently devoted to the study of the operation of neural networks, which indicates the high promise of these technologies. In this paper, we studied a convolutional neural network model created in the Google Cloud Vision API, applied to detect cracks in reinforced concrete building structures. To train the neural network, images of cracks in a real survey object with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame were used. Based on the results of the work, the high efficiency of the constructed model is shown and the possibility of its application in the diagnosis of other types of defects encountered during the inspection of reinforced concrete structures of buildings is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our research is to show (by example of learning curve analysis) possibility of managing the educational process. The article presents experimental results of the construction and quantitative analysis of the learning curve by example of the elementary mathematical skill development. The experiment involved, 11th-grade students at the comprehensive school of the Russian Federation. The results obtained were divided into three groups, for each of which the learning curves were plotted. The paper outlines several dependencies on construction of learning curve approximation. Comparison of the results of the experimental learning curve approximation by various functions may lead to the conclusion that not all of them are satisfactory. The current findings showed that each student has a clearly traceable unique learning curve. It indicates the need for individual trajectory development for teaching every single student to improve the skills acquisition quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents identification and verification of a new version of the mathematical model of the Universal Modeling Method for calculating gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors. To identify the loss model, we have tested the 20CE family of model stages designed by the Problem Laboratory of Compressor Engineering TU Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The identification involved the results of 70 model stages tests and the plant test results of the TKR-175E and TKR-140E turbocharger compressors. The identification result was the average error in calculating the efficiency inside 1.2% for all flow rates. To verify the new model, low flow rate model stages measured characteristic were successfully compared with calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of improving inter-level cooperation in the management of rural areas in modern conditions, in view of the intersectoral and interterritorial affiliation of infrastructure systems, determined the goals and objectives of this paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the guidelines for organizing inter-level cooperation in managing the infrastructure of rural areas on the basis of studying scientific sources, analyzing statistical information, identifying patterns of modern development. The authors considered trends in the development of rural infrastructure on the example of the entities of the Ural macroregion of Russia. Among the results of the study, the role of infrastructure as a material basis is noted, which forms relationships and interactions in rural areas, leading to a qualitatively new integration of participants in reproductive processes associated in a specific location. To overcome negative trends and improve the quality of cooperation in infrastructure management, it is proposed to introduce the institute of agro-industrial territorial economic systems, which allows developing the logic of management processes while respecting the interests of business, population and management. The results of the study confirmed that inter-level cooperation is the most important element of management activities in achieving sustainable development of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need of improvement in the Russian Federation electronic industry enterprise competitiveness presents qualitatively new requirements to the instrumental means of economic analysis. To a certain extent, this applies to the problems of factor analysis. The paper suggests a method of using a Box-Jenkins model for possible production factor increment values forecasting. The paper contains interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed instrument of predictive factor analysis can be used in practice to support management decisions dealing with strategic development of industrial enterprises and increasing their economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the concepts and organizational foundations of ensuring the information security of an organization in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The relevance of the study of the problem posed has been proved, since in modern realities there is a widespread introduction of information and software technologies. It is shown that the digital economy is one of the main directions of the strategic development of Russia - the digital transformation of various spheres of human life requires the most careful measures to ensure cybersecurity and protect the confidentiality of information resources. The role of the latest technologies for processing "big data", the implementation of high-tech solutions in order to ensure reliable, timely, long-term and safe storage of databases is clarified. It is shown that the modern information environment is unprecedented in terms of the presence of threats and risks that can manifest themselves in various forms; in this regard, it was proved that it is extremely important to timely and constantly identify and analyze emerging threats and risks, as well as ongoing changes in the information infrastructure. It was also proved that only with this in mind, it is possible to design and build an effective information security system based on the formation of an extensive information infrastructure that allows to provide timely and secure access to information that organizations need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of the paper shows that an important factor in the location of the production of building materials is the availability of sufficient raw materials in the region. The northern regions of the Russian Federation in general and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in particular have rich reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials. In addition, the author draws attention to the fact that despite the presence in Yakutia of its own mineral resource base, at present there are factors that contribute to the delay in the development of this industry: the use of technologies that are outdated and energy-intensive, the uneven distribution of production capacities for the production of building materials on the territory of Yakutia. This contributes to an increase in the cost of construction, arising from high tariffs for transport services. The need of Yakutia in large volumes of building materials is due to the expansion of the housing stock, industry and road network. In this connection, the production of building materials on its own in the harsh northern conditions will allow the republic to reduce the cost of their importation from other subjects of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the development of geometric shapes for the improvement and further development of hybrid wind generators, in which wind turbines and structures are combined with solar cells to convert wind and solar energy into electrical energy. The paper also analyzes and finds out how relevant it is to improve the appearance of combined-type wind power turbines, taking into account the external conditions of the impact of wind load and the choice of promising geometric shapes for the development of the energy network of the Russian Federation in the first place, including taking into account the economic feasibility of the decisions taken. An analysis was carried out on many well-known design solutions, which showed that in order to create a successful sample of a wind generators with solar cells, it is necessary to solve many researches and tasks, using knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage of market relations, the construction industry is relevant and widespread. The construction industry cannot be singled out as a special form of industry, since it has scales of only internal significance. The construction industry is quite heterogeneous. It may include large-scale forms of construction, where teams of workers build public and shopping centers, residential multi-storey buildings, construction complexes for the aerospace industry, etc. Shopping and entertainment centers are large construction projects. Such facilities require constant construction supervision, which includes fire supervision, in order to ensure fire safety in them. The paper analyzes fires in the Russian Federation, including in shopping and entertainment centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are investigated on the example of the shopping entertainment center Passage in Voronezh, the analysis was performed based on the assumed situation of fire growth and carrying out emergency rescue operations. Simulation of two scenarios of fire growth with the most dangerous fire zones has been carried out. According to the first scenario the fire breaks out in the premises of the "Perekrestok" store located on the 1st floor. In the event of a fire in the store, the greatest amount of manpower and resources will be required, since this facility has the highest fire hazard because of a large amount of goods stored there. According to the second scenario, a fire breaks out in a retail space located on the second floor of the Passage shopping and entertainment center. For the considered shopping entertainment center, recommendations have been developed for organizing rescue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of industrial real estate reproduction based on the industrial parks construction as a top-priority segment of the national industrial construction market responsible for the sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the priority implementation of the eco-industrial development concept are investigated. The relevance of this field of research is determined by the significant demand for improved use of global trends in sustainable development, green construction and environmental development applied to modern forms of industrial construction i.e., the industrial parks, in the course of construction, reconstruction or modernization of competitive industrial real estate. The purpose of the study is to elaborate methodological approaches and practical recommendations for structuring efficient industrial eco-development models as investment and construction systems for efficient management of multi-format industrial real estate facilities' reproduction in the course of industrial parks construction within the framework of public-private partnership models. The study focus is on industrial construction systems as industrial eco-development structures responsible for investment projects management in industrial parks at all stages of the life cycle of operation. The scientific results given in this paper: the peculiarities of the industrial parks' market formation and growth in Russia and abroad, as well as the analysis of organizational impact methods related to the state priorities of the national formation and development of industrial parks; the experience of global and domestic implementation of the sustainable development, green construction and eco-development concepts in relation to the industrial parks' construction; the author's functional and structural modeling of industrial and construction systems as institutions of industrial ecodevelopment of industrial parks, as well as the determination of the life cycle sustainability integral indicators in these ecodevelopment models; graphical interpretation of the predicted ecodevelopment sustainability indicators as the economic reliability of the life cycle functioning of industrial construction in relation to the industrial park "Severny Almaz" in the East Siberian region at the early stages of its planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]