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In recent years, nanobubbles have become a focal point of academic research. Unlike macroscopic bubbles, nanobubbles possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in various fields such as medicine, aquaculture, and mineral flotation. Particularly, the ultra-high stability of nanobubbles, which can persist for hours or even months, has become a hot topic. However, a systematic summary of the development history of nanobubbles is still lacking. Addressing this gap, this paper outlines the development history of nanobubbles and discusses the research progress on their stability. The paper also highlights the applicability and limitations of existing theories and summarizes the impact of nanobubble stability on flotation processes. This study aims to expand the potential research value of nanobubbles and provide new directions for further studies on their stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In steeply inclined thin ore bodies, crown pillars left behind after open stoping present significant safety risks during extraction, as drilling workers operate under increasingly thin pillars, leading to a high likelihood of large-area roof collapses. To avoid these risks, high-grade primary ore pillars are often permanently left in place, resulting in significant resource wastage. To safely and efficiently recover these crown pillars, a vertical strip mining process is proposed. This paper provides a detailed explanation of the method's cutting layout for preliminary mining, recovery process, and key technical and economic indicators. Industrial application on-site has shown that this method maximizes the recovery of crown pillars while minimizing the exposed area after roof removal, thereby ensuring high safety. The per-shift for unit machine productivity increased from 15.4 1 to 23.3 1, an improvement of 51.3%. The mining loss rate decreased from 62% to 5.3%, a reduction of 91.5% compared to the original mining method, yielding excellent technical and economic results. This process can be promoted in similar mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baitu AuPb Deposit is located at the intersection of the Kangshan - Shanggong Fault and Machaoying Fault on the southern margin of the North China Craton. The Au, Ag, and Pb ore bodies are in heterogeneous coexistence. They mainly occur in secondary fault zones in carbonate rocks in a vein-like and layered manner. This paper conducted rare earth and microelement tests on the main rocks. The characteristics of rare earth elements indicate widespread development of hydrothermal and metamorphic metasomatism. The specific characteristics are: w(REE) > 10 (REE) > 10(REE) >t(REEtek) > 10(REE mineralized dolomite) > 10W(REF-mineralind quarte vein), showing a feature of the greater the degree of alteration mineralization, the lower the total rare earth content; 2 The rare earth distribution curve shows that with mineralization, slope increases, enrichment degree of light rare earth decreases, and enrichment degree of heavy rare earth increases; 3 The influence of alteration on Eu element anomalies in rocks such as andesite tectonic rock and marble is not significant, while mineralization results in a significant negative anomaly of Eu element. Additionally, the alteration has a significant impact on Ce element anomalies in andesite, tectonic rock, and marble, causing the Ce element to evolve gradually from positive anomalies to negative anomalies. Mineralization further increases the degree of negative anomalies in Ce elements. Comparing the microelements of the main rocks and ores with that of the North China continental crust, it was found that andesite and marble are the main host rocks, and the ore-forming elements Ag. Sh, Pb, W, and Zn are enriched, providing high background value for lead mineralization. After alteration, Pb and W elements in andesite show obvious enrichment, suggesting that the hydrothermal fluid itself carries Ph and Wore-forming elements or has a hydrothermal metasomatic enrichment effect on the ore-forming elements in the wall rocks; In terms of anomalous intensity, tectonic rocks, quartz veins, quartz syenites, and (marble) dolomite have higher enrichment or depletion intensity compared to andesite rocks, and the anomalous intensity is sequentially strengthened, indicating a close relationship between the source of ore-forming matters and the carbonate rocks of Longjiayuan Formation. In summary, the genesis of Baitu AuPb Deposit is generally dominated by magmatic hydrothermal filling and metasomatism, but it is superimposed with later continental volcanic sedimentary transformation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the high-quality development of gold mines, it is essential to achieve effective qualitative enhancement and reasonable quantitative growth. Using Inner Mongolia Pacific Mining Co., Ltd. as an example, this paper provides a detailed introduction to the specific measures it has implemented to achieve high-quality development: focusing on addressing weaknesses and challenges to create a hub for technological innovation; adhering to green mine requirements, striving to reduce energy and resource consumption, implementing effective mine restoration, and building a highly harmonious green mine between humans and nature; actively exploring and increasing reserves, evaluating the value of resource development and utilization, and enhancing resource utilization efficiency; improving management systems and mechanisms, selecting the right people, utilizing talent effectively, and retaining personnel to enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Inner Mongolia Pacific Mining Co., Ltd. has achieved remarkable results through measures such as technological innovation, green development, exploration and reserve expansion, and enterprise development by talent building, providing a reference model for the high-quality development of similar gold mines [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of high oxygen content in the deoxygenated pregnant liquid after long-term use of the deoxygenation tower in the zinc powder replacement process, this paper mainly conducts a series of studies on the packing types and loading methods of the deoxygenation tower in a gold smelting plant. Through in-depth comparison and analysis of multiple process indicators such as deoxygenation rate, replacement of barren liquid, and grade of gold mud, it was found that using polypropylene Pall Ring packing instead of plastic point wave packing can significantly alleviate the problem of clogging of gaps after calcium deposition of the packing, improve the deoxygenation performance of the deoxygenation tower, significantly reduce zine powder consumption, lower the grade of precious metals in replacement barren liquid, and improve the grade of gold mud. The improvement of packing has extended the service life of the deoxygenation tower, reduced the interference of base metal elements on the gold mud smelting process, and achieved significant economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details the current research status and technical challenges of deep gold mine mining, discussing in detail theories of mining-induced rock mechanics, rock mass structure identification and rock mass quality classification, mine 3D engineering disaster modeling, study of deep mining design methods, deep stope blasting and caving technology, mining-induced ground pressure regulation and monitoring, self-supporting active pressure relief support technology, impact on surface rock displacement, ventilation and cooling technologies, intelligent mining, and ultra-deep vertical shaft construction. Prospects for future development in areas such as the development of non-explosive mining robots for gold mines, mining-induced rock mechanics, prevention and control of deep mining-induced ground pressure disasters, deep mine cooling technology, construction of ultra-deep vertical shafts, and continuous intelligent mining technology based on the equilibrium of mining-induced ground pressure have been proposed, providing a reference for systematic research on deep gold mine mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost control is a critical aspect of project construction management, particularly in the roadway con- struction of non-ferrous metal mines where the influencing factors are complex and variable, making cost prediction challenging. This paper proposes a cost prediction method for support engineering in non-ferrous metal mine roadways based on the grey model. A brief introduction to the grey model is provided, and a support model based on the grey model is established. Simulation of the support process is conducted, and the compilation and pricing of roadway support costs are completed. This method effectively predicts the cost of support projects, providing a scientific basis and reference for cost control in mine roadway support construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of science and technology, China's gold testing technology has been greatly improved. The paper elaborates on the development of gold testing technology from 4 aspects: the history of gold testing, standardization, quality assurance, and the development of automation and intelligentization. It also prospects the future development direction of gold testing, in hope that it provides references for the high-quality development of gold testing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive hydrothermal alteration occurred to Anjiayingzi Gold Deposit during mineralization. The sequence of alteration types from early to late is albitization, sericitization, silicification, pyrite sericitization, chloritization. Through the analysis of major and micro elements in various altered rock samples and their original rocks, this paper studied the characteristics of element migration during hydrothermal alteration in detail. The results show that the main elements SiO2, CaO, MgO, Fe2O, and TiO2 show a gradual decreasing feature: 2 the large ion lithophile elements K, Rb, Th in the micro elements show an increasing trend, while Sr shows a decreasing trend, and Bi shows an obvious increasing feature in all alterations; 3 the abundance of rare earth shows an increasing trend; ④ the ore-forming elements Bi, Cu and Zn have high contents in the pyrite sericitization and silicification stages. Combining with the petrographic characteristics, it is further revealed that the unloading of ore-forming elements starts from the stage of pyritization, and is concentrated in the silicification stage, providing a basis for the positioning and delineation of ore bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable support form and support parameters are the key to ensuring the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. The joint support effect of bolt + metal mesh + shot grouting in the Grade IV surrounding rock area of the drainage roadway of Julong Copper Mine in Xizang is poor. In this paper, for the problems of support in the Grade IV surrounding rock area of the drainage roadway of Julong Copper Mine, bolt and steel arch support, as well as the thickness of shot grouting, is introduced on the basis of the existing support. Different bolt support parameters are designed and optimized using finite element numerical simulation software. The results show that there is an obvious stress addition phenomenon at the roadway surrounding rock roof. With the increase of bolt support parameters, the maximum stress value at the roadway roof increases. With the increase of row spacing between bolts, the maximum displacement of the roadway roof increases, the bolt spacing increases from 1.2 m to 2.0 m, and the displacement of the roadway roof is 4 mm, 4.38 mm, and 4.82 mm, respectively. The optimal support parameter of the bolts is 1.6 m x 2.4 m. The results of the study provide theoretical references for the selection of the support parameters of the bolts of similar roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium-low temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits are widely distributed and large in scale, accounting for about 65 % of the gold deposits in China, which is the main mineral source of gold in China. In the process of prospecting, different types of deposits correspond to different prospecting methods. The determination of the metallogenic model of deposits can provide theoretical support for prospecting as well as theoretical guidance for mineral exploration and prediction. In view of this, the ontology construction and inference mechanism of medium-low temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold deposits are studied in this paper with reference to prospecting and prediction theory of exploration area. Using Protege ontology modeling software, the ontology modeling of the deposit is completed. Based on the SWRL inference rule language, the genesis type of the deposit is defined by inference rules. A set of ontology inference mechanisms oriented to the deposit type discrimination is designed. The inference is completed with the HermiT inference device. After a lot of experiments, the ontology inference method of the deposit genesis type proposed in this paper has a good application effect in the discrimination of gold deposit genesis types and can be widely used in the discrimination of other types of deposit genesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stable control of the undercutting roadway during the service period is an important part of the production management of natural caving metal mines. When the undercutting roadway is arranged in the fault fracture zone, the complex structural conditions will intensify the damage of mining stress to the surrounding rock of the roadway. To clarify the essential reason for the failure of the surrounding rock of the undercutting roadway under the condition of high stress and complex structure, this paper constructs the fault activated slip mechanics criterion under mining disturbances and simulates the stress transfer of the weak layer surrounding rock of the undercutting roadway under different mining operating conditions. It is found that the failure caused by the bottom roadway under complex structural conditions can be summarized as a composite failure mechanism of "fault activation—weak layer instability". The paper correspondingly proposes a large-area continuous undercutting stress migration control technology and a differentiated reinforcement precision support technology centered on "high-strength mechanized wet shotcrete". Since the promotion of stability control technology, the surrounding rock of the undercutting roadway has become unstable phenomenon has been significantly reduced, the annual deformation rate of surrounding rock has been reduced by 50 %,and the roadway repair rate has been lowered from 20 % to 5 %,which provides engineering reference for the precise control of roadway surrounding rock under complex structural conditions in similar metal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maotoushan Gold Deposit is located in the eastern part of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is widely distributed in the gold deposits of the northern margin of the North China Craton. This paper systematically expounds the geological characteristics of Maotoushan Gold Deposit, suggesting that the ore bodies are located in the Lower Permian Jiujuzi Formation, and the mineralized rocks consist of metamorphic sandstone, red chert, and carbonaceous slate. Gold is present in the form of hydrothermal superimposed quartz veins and veinlets, which are consistent with the attitude of the strata, indicating a sedimentary-dynamic metamorphic gold deposit. The metallogenic regularities and ore-controlling factors of Maotoushan Gold Deposit are summarized, and prospecting indicators are proposed, providing theoretical references for the exploration and prospecting of similar gold deposits along the northern margin of the North China Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lannigou Gold Deposit is a typical Carlin-type gold deposit. The ore body mainly exists in the fracture zone, and the surrounding rock is mainly semi-hard soft bedded clastic rock. Lannigou Gold Mine chooses the upward slicing cemented filling mining method for production and mining. With the introduction of advanced international working concepts and methods, and Access database and Surpac 3D mining software used as the main tools, a complete database system and a number of practical 3D DTM models, entity models and block models are established, and a shared working platform for geological work, surveying, mining and production managers; based on the secondary development function library provided by Surpac software, a rich macro command system is developed, and widely used In drilling design, ore body interpretation, and model building. The work of drilling design, geological logging, database management, ore body interpretation, production guidance, loss and dilution statistics, metal balance, and data acquisition can be completed with high efficiency and high quality and promotes the intensive development and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. This paper introduces the geological working method of production in Lannigou Gold Mine, in the hope that it can provide a new idea and inspiration for the geological team of similar mines in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the comprehensive utilization method of Sifangou tailings, Qinling Gold Mine, tests on the preparation of sintered brick and steam-free and baking-free brick based on the process mineralogical characteristics were carried out. The results show that the composition and particle size of the tailings makes them suitable for brick making; the optimal test conditions for sintered brick preparation are 15% bentonite ratio, 7% molding moisture, 15 MPa molding pressure, 10 °C/min heating rate, 1 050 °C sintering temperature and 2 h heat preservation time. The sintered brick can reach Grade MU25 and can be used in severe weathering regions; the optimal test conditions for steam-free and baking-free brick preparation are 25 MPa molding pressure, 18% molding moisture, and 20% cement ratio. The influence of each factor on the compressive strength of the sample is as follows: cement ratio > molding pres- sure > molding moisture. This paper provides a basis and reference for tailings brick making and comprehensive utilization of Sifangou tailings in Qinling Gold Mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the sharp increase in the blasting cost of enterprises after the full implementation of electronic detonators, the paper proposes to adopt the initiation method of electronic detonating cord detonator hybrid initiation network, and replace the use of electronic detonators by detonating the peripheral holes with detonating cords. Through the field single factor test, it is determined that the electronic detonating cord detonator hybrid initiation network is connected in parallel by segments, the peripheral holes and non-peripheral holes are respectively charged with uncoupled interval or continuous charge, and the electronic detonator is used for millisecond delay initiation, and the test results are the best. Through cost comparison and analysis, after the implementation of the new initiation method, the enterprise's blasting cost will be saved by 17.37%, and the annual cost will be saved by about 5.6 million yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of silver paste, the preparation method of flake silver powder has been widely studied. This paper describes the research progress of the preparation method of flake silver powder, including the principles of 3 methods, namely mechanical ball milling, light inducement, and template method. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed. The research direction of mechanical ball milling and template method were prospected, in the hope that it can provide references for the preparation of flake silver powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock ore slice identification is a task that requires a high level of expertise. Manual identification often results in unavoidable subjective errors and is highly inefficient. Deep learning image recognition technology can efficiently perform rock ore slice identification, but training deep learning models requires a large amount of annotated data. Therefore, it is important to find efficient ways to utilize limited annotated data. By adopting a multi-label classification approach, a classifier can be trained on a labeled dataset, and then this classifier is used to generate pseudo-labels for a large number of unlabeled rock ore slice images. Finally, the model is retrained using the labeled training data and all the unlabeled data. The results show that the use of multi-label classification approach for identification of rock ore slice structures and minerals is feasible. Additionally, this paper employs a semi-supervised learning approach to train the model and improve the model’s generalization ability without requiring a large amount of manual annotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main ore-bearing strata in the Yangshan gold mining area are carbonaceous phyllite, calcareous phyllite, siliceous limestone, etc. Among them, the construction difficulty is the highest in carbonaceous phyllite. Its structure is sedimentary bedding, with major minerals of illite and kaolinite, low strength, developed fractures, softening when encountering water, and with interlayer of quartz particles, susceptible to fragmentation. In the drilling construction process, it is extremely easy to cause drilling accidents and the success rate of processing is very low. This paper summarizes the characteristics of shaft accidents encountered when drilling carbonaceous phyllite stratum in recent years and analyzes the causes of the accidents and difficulties of handling from 3 aspects: strata, personnel, and equipment. It proposes preventive measures and treatment key points: adjusting the slurry performance and enhancing the sand discharging capacity of the pump to improve the hole environment, and maintaining the equipment performance of the drilling rig, drilling rod, and connector, can effectively reduce the frequency of shaft accidents; for the borehole failure, broken drilling, stuck drilling, and buried drilling, rapid handling should be taken as the principle, and the problems can be bypassed by using water-cement grouting and directional drilling to significantly reduce economic losses and shorten the duration of shaft accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock mass explosibility is an important index to measure the difficulty of rock mass blasting, and an accurate evaluation of rock mass explosibility can provide a basis for reasonable blasting design.In this paper, rock density, uniaxial compressive strength, rock tensile strength, rock brittleness index, dynamic load strength, and integrity coefficient are selected as the indicators of rock mass explosibility data set.The data set of rock mass explosibility is standardized by Z-Score, and the influence of dimension on model prediction is eliminated.Naive Bayes, support vector machine, and XGBoost models are used to classify rock mass explosibility.The results show that XGBoost model can accurately evaluate rock mass explosibility and provide a new method for rock mass explosibility evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive development of lead - zinc resources over the years has led to the gradual manifestation of geological and environmental issues in Xunyang Lead Zinc Belt, including geological environmental pollution caused by mining activities, damage to land resources in mining areas, and hidden geological hazards in mines. This paper provides a detailed analysis and summary of the current status of environmental issues in Xunyang Lead - Zinc Belt and proposes corresponding strategies for geological environmental remediation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium mining and processing generate a large amount and various types of low-concentration uranium- containing wastewater, which seriously threatens the ecological environment of mining areas and the physical and mental health of residents. This paper briefly describes the characteristics of uranium wastewater and summarizes the current status of the research on the treatment technologies for wastewater at home and abroad as well as their advantages and disadvantages, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, evaporation concentration, extraction, permeable reactive barrier technology, microbial remediation technology, phytoremediation technology, photocatalytic reduction technology, and combined treatment technologies. It is believed that multidisciplinary integration (chemistry, biology, physics, materials, etc.) is a new approach to breakthrough the key technologies for the treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the uniqueness of displacement back analysis for circular roadways in viscoelastic rock masses. Taking the Kelvin model as the research subject, based on the analytical solution of displacement for circular roadways, the uniqueness of displacement back analysis for rock mass parameters is studied using parameter identifiability conditions. The results show that regardless of the number of measured displacement points, it is not possible to uniquely back analyze all rock mass parameters with only one known parameter. At least 2 parameters must be known in order to potentially back analyze the remaining parameters; as more parameters become known, the identifiability of each parameter gradually improves; whether the vertical and horizontal ground stresses are equal and whether they are set to zero as known conditions have a significant impact on the back analysis results; properly reducing the number of parameters to be inverted has a significant effect on enhancing the uniqueness of the back analysis results; among all parameters, the ground stress exhibits the best identifiability, followed by elastic modulus, while Poisson's ratio and viscosity coefficient show the poorest identifiability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new form of tailings disposal and utilization, cemented tailings discharge technology is mainly applied in arid and rainless places, and the backfill body is exposed to a high-temperature environment for a long time. Based on this characteristic, this paper carried out research on the multi-scale temperature-strength coupling characteristics of cemented tailings backfill bodies. The results show that in the early stage of the hydration reaction, high-temperature curing can promote the hydration reaction of cementitious materials, thus improving the strength of the backfill body, but it will have a negative impact on the strength of the backfill body in the later stage; high-temperature curing has different effects on the amount of hydration products in the early and late stages of backfill body, but it does not affect the type of hydration products. The increase of hydration products will make the structure of the backfill body denser and the connection between particles become more solid, which is manifested as a more compact structure in SEM images on the micro level while on the macro level an increase in strength and a decrease in porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems such as low mining efficiency and difficulty in guaranteeing safety because the steep thin ore body in Linglong Gold Mine has been mined by short-hole shrinkage method over the years, this paper presents in-vein along-the-way raise medium-long hole and subsequent filling mining method. The top pillar shall be reserved at the top of the stope, and an along-the-way raise is arranged in the middle as a pedestrian ventilation channel. At the same time, all blast holes are first constructed from top to bottom and then blasted from bottom to top layer by layer. The blasted ore falls into the bottom of the stope by self-weight, adopts the bottom structure of flat bottom ore passing, and is transported by scraper into the mine car. The application practice shows that the mining method achieves the goal of safe and efficient mining with an mining loss rate of 1. 19 % and an ore dilution rate of 12. 6 % by controlling the mining width. The mining efficiency is 47 % higher than that of the original short-hole shrinkage method, and the safety is greatly improved by letting personnel through the mine by bottom ore passing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax planning is beneficial for mining companies to reduce tax costs and minimize tax risks. This paper introduces tax planning and its significance, and provides tax planning ideas for mining companies, including profits and losses offset to adjust organizational structures and connected transaction, making full use of tax preferential policies to reduce tax burdens, and optimizing the value of money through tax timing planning. These strategies help mining companies enhance their corporate value, improve competitiveness, and achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the stability of the cemented filling body in Songxian Shanjin, this paper conducted compressive strength tests on cemented filling bodies under different types and contents of glass fiber, basalt fiber, and polypropylene fiber, and compared the influence of fibers on the compressive strength and failure morphology of the cemented filling body. The experimental results show that polypropylene fiber has the most significant improvement effect on the macroscopic strength of the cemented filling body, followed by basalt fiber and glass fiber, under different fiber content conditions, the compressive strength of the cemented filling body shows a trend of increase at first and then decrease. When the fiber volume content is 0.2 %, the compressive strength of the cemented filling body is the highest. In addition, the addition of fibers has a more significant improvement in the compressive strength of cemented filling body with lower ash-sand ratios. The influence of fiber content on the cemented filling body at different curing ages is greater than that of fiber types. In the compressive strength test, the cemented filling body without added fibers experienced spalling and crack penetration during failure, while the cemented filling body with added fibers experienced coarse and long cracks during failure, with more fine cracks generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold futures and gold T+D business don't do well in meeting the requirements of the market in that gold futures cannot be delivered daily, which is not conducive to the trade flow of gold enterprises; the overall holding cost of gold T+D is relatively high, and in recent years, the overall trading volume and holding volume have declined, while the guarantee fund inquiry business is a new development path for gold business. The paper compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these 3 types of business: guarantee fund inquiry business in commercial banks, gold futures, and gold T+ D. explores the feasibility and measures of commercial banks conducting guarantee fund inquiry business, in order to provide a new choice for gold trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall infiltration can cause a decrease in the strength of the rock and soil mass on the dump slope, increase the bulk density of the upper rock and soil mass, and reduce the stability of the slope. This paper takes a mine dump slope as the background, and uses GeoStudio software to simulate and analyze the pore water pressure characteristics and safety factors under different rainfall durations. The simulation results indicate that as the duration of rainfall increases, the limit value of pore water pressure continuously increases, and the pore water pressure increases towards the top of the slope, while the corresponding safety factor decreases. The study provides references for the stability of the dump slope in the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case study of the pollution control over the heap leaching cyanide residue left by historical gold mines in arid areas of western China. Based on a thorough analysis of climate, hydrogeology, and the characteristics of heap leaching cyanide residue pollutants, in-situ closure operation is employed to verify the pollution control effect over the pollutant such as heavy metals in heap leaching cyanide residue. The paper in detail describes the in-situ sealing and isolation scheme, control and monitoring scheme, and auxiliary schemes. After implementation, the environmental pollution risks are effectively controlled, and the peripheral environment is evidently improved, achieving anticipated engineering goals. The control technology can provide references for the pollution control of heap leaching cyanide residue generated from similar gold mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of homogeneity and stability of samples is one of the most important links in the research and development of reference materials. According to the requirements of homogeneity and stability of the first-class certified reference materials, the homogeneity and stability of reference material candidates for the analysis of the precious metal composition of black shale were studied in this paper. The homogeneity test of 8 precious metal valuation elements（Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru） of the reference material candidates was carried out, the measured F values of all elements were lower than the F theoretical critical value by single factor analysis of variance, which indicated that the samples were homogeneous; the short-term stabilities of the samples under the extreme conditions of low temperature-20 ℃ and high temperature-60 ℃ and during transportation were investigated, and the results were consistent; in 21 months, the valuation elements and variable components of the samples were tested at 5 time points, the frequency of which is carried out dense at first and scattered after, and through one-way variance test, the measured F value is less than the theoretical value, the results indicating that the values of the characteristic parameters were stable during the investigation period. The homogeneity and stability of the prepared reference material for the analysis of the precious metal composition of black shale meet the research and development requirements for reference materials. Through the stability evaluation, the stability of this reference material is defined as 5 a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of large-scale to super large-scale deposits require large-scale fluid participation, and the mechanism of fluid emplacement is an unsolved scientific problem. In this paper, the mechanism of mineralization is explained by pumping suction, and it is proposed that there are two kinds of pumping suction in geological processes, namely "structural pumping" and "magmatic pumping". The former is a vacuum-state "structural pump" formed because the strata of different physical properties, due to tectonics, are metamorphosed and deformed in varying degrees under the condition of good sealing of the cap-rocks. Under the communication of fault to deep magma chamber or fluid reservoir, deep ore-forming fluid invades shallow rock mass to form ore bodies under pump suction. The latter is a vacuum-state "magmatic pump" formed in the deep magma chamber or channel because the magma in the deep magma chamber is pumped up and invades, and the deeper fluid will be pumped under the action of fault communication. By using pumping-suction mineralization, the range of tectonic metamorphism and deformation in a region can be delineated in detail, and the range of mineralization can be defined, which can provide an important reference for prospecting prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to expand the application of remote sensing prospecting technology in gold prospecting, this paper takes the Zhuanshanzi area in Inner Mongolia as an example, and selects Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data. On the basis of image data preprocessing, the regional tectonic information is enhanced by the fusion of B7B5B3 band. The principal component analysis is used to extract the alteration anomaly information through threshold segmentation. Based on the geological characteristics and remote sensing interpretation information of the region and Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit, the prospecting indicator of gold deposits in Zhuanshanzi area is established, and 3 prospect areas for prospecting prediction are delineated. The field verification shows that there is gold mineralization in the prospect area. It is believed that the linear and ring structure and remote sensing anomaly information extraction based on OLI remote sensing images can be used as auxiliary means for gold prospecting prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly demanding requirement of environmental protection in China, the proportion of non-cyanide gold extraction in the gold metallurgy industry is increasing. This paper summarizes the types, performance, and gold leaching efficiency of novel environment-friendly gold extraction agents emerging in recent years in China, and focuses on the analysis and discussion of the synthesis and gold leaching mechanism of these gold extraction agents. It is suggested that further optimization of the synthesis process of the novel environment-friendly gold extraction agents, the research on the gold leaching mechanism, and continuous enhancement of its adaptability to different types of gold ores, are the key research directions of the future popularization and application of this kind of gold extraction agents, in order to provide references for the realization of "green, environmentally friendly and safe gold metallurgy". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better integrate mineral resources in the mining area and improve mine production capacity and economic benefits, a mine plans to implement phase Ⅱ project construction（mining area Ⅱ） when the mineral resources of phase Ⅰ underground project（mining area Ⅰ） are to be nearly depleted. The paper carried out an engineering geological survey on the typical ore rock in the study area in order to demonstrate the impact of the construction of connecting roadway from mining area Ⅰ to mining area Ⅱ on the overlying rock layers of surface villages. Based on the results of on-site engineering geological survey, indoor rock mechanics test, and rock mass quality evaluation, the numerical simulation analysis research on the impact of newly excavated roadway on surface deformation is carried out. The results show that the excavation of the roadway connecting mining area Ⅰ and mining area Ⅱ only results in minus 10 mm surface displacement and will not damage the overlying rock layers of the surface villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the rules of the reaction kinetics in the vacuum roasting pretreatment of carbonaceous gold ores were studied. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor of vacuum roasting of carbonaceous gold ores were calculated by Arrhenius equation, and the kinetic models of different stages were defined. The results showed that temperature was the key factor to control the reaction rate during the vacuum roasting pretreatment process. The higher the temperature was, the greater the mass loss rate was. The vacuum roasting process was divided into two stages: 0-60 min and 60-120 min, which were controlled by interface chemical reaction and diffusion respectively. The appa-rent activation energy of the second stage was significantly lower than that of the first stage, indicating the thermal decomposition reaction and mass loss were mainly concentrated in this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flotation process is a complex flow field formed by the interaction of multiple phases, which plays a key role in the segregation performance of flotation equipment. With the unceasing development of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technology and its unique advantages in the fluid flow field, CFD technology has been widely used in the field of flotation and plays an important research tool for understanding flotation mechanisms and developing and optimizing new equipment. The paper introduces the numerical simulation of CFD technology in the flow field of flotation equipment and the flotation process, categorizes and reviews the application and current status of research of CFD in flotation equipment, and at the same time, points out the development direction of CFD technology in flotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of PLC technology, various functions have been fully integrated, and its application advantages in electrical systems gradually become apparent. As an important component of gold mine exploitation, the automation level of the drainage system directly affects the quality of gold mining. The paper in detal introduced the the major characteristics of PLC technology and its advantages. In view of the slow speed and low automation level of the drainage system in a gold mine, study on the automatic control of drainage system is carried out based on PLC technology, and the structural composition, network structure and field application of the system is introduced. With the application of PLC technology to the gold mine, the equipment of the drainage system operates more reliably and stably, improving the automation level of mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional ore rock classification method based on rock mass stability cannot meet the construction requirements of the cantilever roadheader.In order to find a suitable ore rock classification method for the construction of the cantilever roadheader, this paper establishes a set of ore rock classification methods based on the tunneling performance of the cantilever roadheader. Taking Lingshan mining area of Linglong Gold Mine as the engineering background, the adaptability classification is carried out by analyzing the engineering geological conditions and tunneling speed and other factors, and then the BQm model of the cantilever roadheader ore rock classification is proposed, and the tunneling amenability classification is divided. Finally, the ore rock classification method based on the performance of cantilever roadheader is obtained by integrating the 2 classification methods, which can effectively predict the construction speed.The comprehensive ore rock classification verification in Lingshan mining area of Linglong Gold Mine is carried out, and the verification results are reasonable and reliable, providing a strong reference for on-site construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-project evaluation and analysis of a mining construction project is the final step of a complete mining construction project and is also a crucial process. Conducting a scientific and effective post-project evaluation can examine the level of investment decision-making and management, comprehensively understand the implementation process and operational status of the entire project, and provide references for other projects of the same type based on the lessons learned. This paper introduces the post-project evaluation and methods, and for a specific mining construction project, analyzes the post-evaluation from aspects such as overall project summary and evaluation, effectiveness and economic benefits evaluation, environmental and social benefits evaluation, and goal and sustainability evaluation. The main lessons learned are summarized, and countermeasures and recommendations are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the mechanism of biological metallurgy technology, commonly used metallurgical micro-organisms and the classification of biological metallurgy technology are introduced. The application of biological metallurgy technology in the gold industry and the main technical types of biological stirring oxidation process and biological heap oxidation process are summarized, the research status of biological oxidation pretreatment of high arsenic, high impurity gold concentrate, and electronic waste resources, as well as the purification and utilization of oxidation solution are introduced emphatically, the future key research directions of biometallurgical technology are pointed out, providing a basis for better promotion and application of biometallurgical technology in the gold field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress of beneficiation technology, the proportion of fine-grained tailings in beneficiation production is gradually increasing, which makes the requirements for hydraulic classification equipment for filling higher and higher. In view of the high proportion of fine-grained tailings for filling in Jinfeng Gold Mine, Guizhou, and the serious aging of hydraulic classification equipment, this paper studies the optimization of hydraulic classification equipment selection. The necessity and equipment parameters of replacing hydraulic classification equipment are determined through material balance calculation. The effect of replacing hydraulic classification equipment is evaluated from 5 aspects: tailings particle size, underflow yield rate, aggregate concentration, production test block strength and economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inner Mongolia Pacific Mining Co., Ltd. uses a heap leaching process for gold extraction. The large area of ore heap leaching and high sodium cyanide consumption result in high production costs. To further reduce costs and increase efficiency, the company has optimized the process and implemented the effective area dripping method. This paper introduces in detail the application conditions of the effective area dripping method in heap leaching process and the control of various indexes. The successful application of the method effectively reduces the dosage of reagents, saving 55.14 million yuan in reagent costs with significant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferromagnesian minerals can react with CO2 under natural conditions to form stable carbonate minerals, which is a safe, economical, and sustainable way of carbon capture and storage. This paper introduces the carbon fixation mechanism of ferromagnesian minerals and analyzes their carbon fixation capacity and potential based on the large reserves of ferromagnesian tailings from the Suoluogou Gold Mine in Sichuan, where the proportion of CaO, MgO, FeO and other components that can fixate CO2 is high. It is estimated that the current carbon storage capacity of the Suoluogou tailings is as high as 1. 64 million tons, and the average annual CO2 storage capacity in the future is estimated to be about 120 000 t based on the current production efficiency. At least 2. 46 million tons of CO2 can be stored for the future production of tailings. Referring to the ERW method, ferromagnesian minerals can be further separated from the Suoluogou tailings and sprayed on farmland for natural weathering and consumption of CO2, which will greatly reduce the cost of CO2 storage by promoting comprehensive utilization of tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenges in deep mining include three highs and one disturbance, deep mine hoisting, ventilation, and intelligent mining. The poor working environment and high labor intensity of underground workers result in low production efficiency and high operating costs during the deep mining of mineral deposits, which seriously affects the safety of production underground. Taking the deep mining of a gold mine the Jiaodong Peninsula as an example, the paper analyzes it from a technical, economic, and management perspective, proposing the mechanized point-column upward horizontal layered filling mining method in the mining area. The underground working environment is effectively improved, and the production capacity of the mining area is increased by 23 %, while the mining loss rate is reduced by 20%. The resource recovery rate and production efficiency are significantly improved. Industrial experiments show that the new mining method can meet the technical and economic index requirements, and its research results can be used to guide mine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xianglushan Ore Field is a component of the Jiuling W-Mo-Sn-Cu-Au polymetallic fluorite and kaolin metallogenic sub-belt in the eastern part of the Jiangnan Metallogenic Belt, and is also one of the important tungsten polymetallic ore fields in northern Jiangxi.In recent years, the ore field has successively discovered tungsten deposits such as Xingping, Zhangtianluo, and Dayanxia.Based on the latest exploration and research results, this paper has studied the metallogenic factors and laws of tungsten in Xianglushan Ore Field.It is believed that the Upper Sinian-Cambrian strata contain carbon, silicon, and argillaceous rocks that are closely related to metallogenesis, and the superposition and intersection of NEE-trending anticline with the NE-trending secondary structure obviously restrict the ore-forming location of the deposit; the ore body location is controlled by the interlayer fracture zone of the lithologically variant difference surfaces of the ore-bearing strata and the contact position between the fine-grained biotite granite and the charcoal, siliceous and argillaceous rock types, and the superposition and intersection are favorable to the formation of rich and thick ore bodies; the main ore bodies occur in the diopside-biotite metamorphic zone, and are related to the alteration such as greisenization; the Rb-Sr isochron age of the late Yanshannian S type fine-grained biotite granite is 126.2 Ma±2.6 Ma, indicating that the Sm-Nd isochron age of the scheelite（121 Ma±11 Ma）of Xianglushan Tungsten Deposit is in an obvious coupling relationship with the time when the fine-grained biotite granite magma emplacement occurred in the area, indicating that the metallogenesis is related to the granite magmatism in the late Yanshannian, and the fine-grained biotite granite body is more closely related to the tungsten metallogenesis.On this basis, the metallogenic model and integrated prospecting model of tungsten metallogenesis in Xianglushan Ore Field are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The support of complex and fractured surrounding rock tunnels is one of the challenges that should be dealt with urgently during the development process of deep gold resources. At present, mines often use joint support methods with steel arch frames and wood. However, due to the inflammable and easily corrosible properties of wood, it is not applicable for permanent underground mine support. Therefore, based on the numerical simulation study, this paper proposes to use new type of support materials with lightweight energy-absorbing characteristics as the lining to replace the wood in the support of tunnels.The theoretical analysis shows that the new type of support materials has obvious energy absorption and pressure relief effects and is more suitable for the pressure relief support system for complex and fractured tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the background of new nano-gold composite materials development and gold industry transformation, the study explores and practices the industrial production of Au/C nano-gold composite materials. The paper mainly introduced the process of the industrial production of Au/C nano-gold composite materials, in terms of its principle, ap- proaches to the industrial production system, equipment selection design for the industrial production, and its core tech- nology and the production practice explored. The practice shows that the nano-gold particles produced by the Au/C production process are all in the state of even dispersion and don't fall off after multiple washing because of the intense interaction between nano-gold and activated carbon surface that guarantees the load capacity of particles. Besides, the diameter of nano-gold particles concentrates on 5 nm and the size distribution is homogeneous, which ensures its quality for subsequent use. The study makes demonstrations for the industrialized development of other new materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of residual ores in the intermediate pillars, crown, and sill pillars left by the shrinkage mining process adopted in the upper deposit of Chaihulanzi Gold Mine are highly economically valuable.To further improve the utilization rate of residual ore resources, this paper based on the existing scheme of the mine proposes 4 overall mining technology schemes for residual ore resources.Based on ABAQUS numerical simulation software, the corresponding numerical simulation model is established.The size striking direction extends 420 m, the vertical direction 616 m, and the height 160 m; the width of the surrounding rock is 50 m.The recovery rate, displacement field, and surface subsidence of different schemes were obtained, and the optimal technical extraction scheme was finally determined to be the horizontal and vertical striped evenly supported ore pillar extraction scheme through comparative analysis.The results show that in actual production, the scheme can maximize the economic benefits under the condition of safe mining while recovering the residual mineral resources under the non-cemented waste rock filling body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some state-owned enterprises take part in financial trading to live up to assessment indicators such as business revenue and earned profits, resulting in events with legal risks and causing enormous losses of state-owned assets.The paper introduced the connotation and typical trading patterns of financial trading, analyzed the legal risks of financial trading in state-owned enterprises, and put forward suggestions including making up the trading system, regulating the business operation flow sheet, reinforcing management and control measures, and implementing management and control responsibility, expecting that the study can be used as a reference to promote robust and sustainable development of state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]