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City cluster is an effective platform for encouraging regionally coordinated development. Coordinated reduction of carbon emissions within city cluster via the spatial association network between cities can help coordinate the regional carbon emission management, realize sustainable development, and assist China in achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This paper applies the improved gravity model and social network analysis (SNA) to the study of spatial correlation of carbon emissions in city clusters and analyzes the structural characteristics of the spatial correlation network of carbon emissions in the the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) city cluster in China and its influencing factors. The results demonstrate that: 1) the spatial association of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster exhibits a typical and complex multi-threaded network structure. The network association number and density show an upward trend, indicating closer spatial association between cities, but their values remain generally low. Meanwhile, the network hierarchy and network efficiency show a downward trend but remain high. 2) The spatial association network of carbon emissions in the YRD city cluster shows an obvious 'core-edge' distribution pattern. The network is centered around Shanghai, Suzhou and Wuxi, all of which play the role of 'bridges', while cities such as Zhoushan, Ma'anshan, Tongling and other cities characterized by the remote location, single transportation mode or lower economic level are positioned at the edge of the network. 3) Geographic proximity, varying levels of economic development, different industrial structures, degrees of urbanization, levels of technological innovation, energy intensities and environmental regulation are important influencing factors on the spatial association of within the YRD city cluster. Finally, policy implications are provided from four aspects: government macro-control and market mechanism guidance, structural characteristics of the 'core-edge' network, reconfiguration and optimization of the spatial layout of the YRD city cluster, and the application of advanced technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the peer and economic effects of corporate poverty alleviation behavior. Using the data of A-share non-financial listed corporates in Shanghai and Shenzhen of China from 2016 to 2020, the empirical analysis of this study finds that: corporate poverty alleviation behavior has significant peer effects; the guidance of local poverty alleviation policies weakens the peer effects of corporate poverty alleviation behavior; compared to private enterprises, the poverty alleviation behavior of the peer firms has a more significant impact on state-owned enterprises; and corporate poverty alleviation behavior can result in the backflow of economic benefits and achieve the organic unity of economic and social benefits. The purpose of this paper is to explore the peer effects of corporate poverty alleviation behaviors through empirical analysis using available public data. The results of the study not only increase the motivation of corporate to participate in poverty alleviation from a peer effects perspective, but also reveal key factors for sustaining corporate poverty alleviation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, in recent years it has become a prevailing trend to promote the spatial maturity and high-quality transformation of new towns, yet there are few quantitative methods to evaluate their urban morphological maturity. From the perspective of quantitative urban morphology, this paper integrates street view data and cutting-edge analytical techniques into classic urban morphological study and develops a quantitative index for evaluating urban morphological maturity that fits Chinese cities by adjusting the indicators in line with the unique characteristics of the built environment of Chinese cities. Focusing on five new towns, as well as a historic area, of Shanghai, the paper evaluates their urban morphological maturity with this quantitative index and verifies its validity by comparing the evaluation result with that of expert consensus. It then proposes some design guidelines that may provide robust support for the regeneration of these new towns. Given its reliance on the multi-source data of open access and ready availability, this index holds promise for evaluating the urban morphological maturity of other new towns, to provide support for urban form improvement from both holistic and detailed perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cloisonné enamel production in China during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, Christian workshops, whether operating under missionary subcontracting or owned by the Catholic Church, have yet to be accurately identified and contextualized. This article delves into three significant contexts. Firstly, it identifies and contextualizes the Christian connections and interactions of the Decheng private cloisonné workshop, involving the French Lazarist Bishop Alphonse Favier, in Beijing. Secondly, it identifies the cloisonné workshop stablished by the Lazarists in the Beitang complex in Beijing and elucidates the role it played. Finally, this paper presents new evidence concerning cloisonné Christian objects crafted by the Tushanwan Jesuit workshop in Shanghai. Some of the primary works of these three workshops are identified for the first time. Additionally, this paper shows that certain cloisonné crosses, some of them thought to be originally Japanese, including those referred to as Namban, were, in fact, crafted in Beijing during the 1920s. These preliminary results will contribute to placing Chinese Christian cloisonné within the history of Chinese Art and its interactions at a global level in the context of evangelization in China, the production of the so-called export art, and the processes of indigenization carried out by the Lazarists and the Jesuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crises constitute ideal opportunities for authoritarian leaders to promote certain narratives, shaping reality in their favor and crafting their own preferred storylines about current events. In other words: they serve authoritarian leaders on a silver platter the opportunity to instrumentalize these unforeseen circumstances to gain domestic political legitimacy by promoting strategic narratives. The COVID-19 pandemic was no exception in this regard. Ever since its onset in early 2020, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was among the most active actors worldwide seeking to capitalize on the global crisis for legitimation purposes. Whether applying narratives of governance supremacy, portraying the People's Republic of China as a "global savior," or promoting emotionally appealing nationalistic narratives, the regime used the pandemic as a window of opportunity to rebrand its international role and enhance its domestic legitimacy. When observing the CCP's communication style over the course of 24 pandemic months (2020–2022), however, major shifts become apparent regarding the main narratives crafted in communication with national audiences. Based on this, the paper focuses on the role of such narratives for legitimation claims. Using exemplary media articles collected between the outbreak of the pandemic in China in late 2019 until the harsh Shanghai lockdown in spring 2022, it thus traces the narratives employed by Chinese state elites and explores how they are intertwined with nationalism and broader power claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the 2015 China Household Financial Survey (CHFS) this paper examines the effect of culture on the gender gap in financial literacy. We exploit geographical differences in culture in China, comparing outcomes between rural and urban areas and between areas in the east and west (Shanghai and Chongqing). Using the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition we show that, nationally, the gender gap in financial literacy is entirely the product of differences in the way men and women acquire financial literacy. It is a result consistent with cultural effects. When considering just women in Shanghai and Chongqing we observe a raw financial literacy differential of 13% (favoring Shanghai). This gap is also the product of differences in the way financial literacy is acquired. It provides additional evidence as to the importance of culture when it comes to understanding financial literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses doctor-patient communication about C-sections (CSs) in Shanghai, China. Specifically, we examine the information discrepancies between obstetricians' and patients' perceptions of CS and the important factors affecting shared decision-making. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 12 postnatal women who experienced CS and with 12 obstetricians. We identified barriers to patient-doctor communication and shared decision-making: obstetricians' lack of time in outpatient prenatal visits to explain the implications of CSs, family members' knowledge and opinions on CSs, and information from media and social networks. The lack of communication between the expectant women and the obstetricians was driving the women's distrust in the latter. The lack of obstetricians' time to communicate with the pregnant woman led to low trust in the medical staff and overutilization of CS, whereas a lack of financial resources led to underutilization of CS. The obstetricians suggested providing expectant women with more education programs and midwifery support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak and the implementation of peak and carbon neutral policies have severely impacted oil price volatility and the industrial sector. Exploring the impact mechanisms between oil prices and industries is particularly important for accurate forecasting of crude oil prices. As one of the world's largest commodity consumers, China's crude oil market is more representative and susceptible to external factors than that of developed countries. In this paper, we propose an analytical forecasting framework based on the causal effects between Shanghai crude oil prices and various industries in China to improve the forecasting accuracy of crude oil prices. Information geometric causal inference (IGCI) is applied to detect causal relationships between 31 different industries in China and Shanghai crude oil prices in the three time periods before, during and after COVID-19, and industries with strong causal information effects on crude oil prices in the long run are screened out as additional features. An oil price forecasting model based on Gray Wolf Optimization and Extreme Learning Machine (GWO-ELM) is proposed. Considering the small amount of data for Shanghai crude oil, this paper proposes a cross-learning data approach to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the GWO-ELM model outperforms RF, LSTM, GRU, and migration learning-based Tr-LSTM and Tr-Adaboost models in the task of Shanghai crude oil futures price prediction, and find that industry characteristics with long-term causal effects on oil prices can improve the model prediction accuracy. Our proposed analytical prediction can capture the oil price trend more accurately through the information of the industry and solve the problem of insufficient training data for the model. The application of this framework is expected to provide new methods and ideas for data mining of crude oil and other futures prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a historiographic and ethnographic analysis of how reflexivity, as a communicative practice and valued personality trait, has been understood, regulated, legitimised and used to control Chinese workers from the planned-economy era to the present. Using a Shanghai-based multinational company as a case study, I document how and under what conditions English-mediated reflexivity, with its stress on self-entrepreneurship, came to replace former Mandarin-mediated reflexivity supporting a notion of collective workerhood. Special attention is paid to reflexivity's changing roles in shaping, managing and evaluating workers and facilitating understandings of labour, power and agency. The paper argues that the emerging English-dominated reflexivity represents a required linguistic shift for the creation of a new worker type in the current globalised economy as it normalises managerial technologies of discipline, stratification and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the goal of achieving "carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060", as clearly proposed by China, the transportation sector will face long–term pressure on carbon emissions, and the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will usher in a rapid growth period. However, true "zero carbon" emissions cannot be separated from "green hydrogen". Therefore, it is of practical significance to explore the feasibility of renewable energy hydrogen production in the context of hydrogen refueling stations, especially photovoltaic hydrogen production, which is applied to hydrogen refueling stations (hereinafter referred to "photovoltaic hydrogen refueling stations"). This paper takes a hydrogen refueling station in Shanghai with a supply capacity of 500 kg/day as the research object. Based on a characteristic analysis of the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station throughout the day, this paper studies and analyzes the system configuration, operation strategy, environmental effects, and economics of the photovoltaic hydrogen refueling station. It is estimated that when the hydrogen price is no less than 6.23 USD, the photovoltaic hydrogen refueling station has good economic benefits. Additionally, compared with the conventional hydrogen refueling station, it can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 1237.28 tons per year, with good environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, countries worldwide are embracing digital strategies, enabling enterprises to utilize digital technology, digital supply chains, blockchain, and additional digital measures to increase their competitiveness. This paper analyzed the correlation between the digital transformation of manufacturing export enterprises and their business and export performance, focusing on China's manufacturing export enterprises through empirical analysis. The study investigated the influence of digital transformation on enterprise performance. Using the Resource Based View theory and Trade theory, hypotheses were proposed and regression models were developed to analyze a sample of 1007 enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock markets from 2012 to 2019. The study conducted regression analysis, intermediate effect test, robustness test, stage lag, and heterogeneity analysis. The study found that (1) Manufacturing export enterprises listed in the stock market implemented digital transformation, leading to a significant positive impact on their overall performance. (2) Digital transformation led to cost reduction, improved R&D intensity, and enhanced human resources, among other benefits for enterprise performance. (3) According to the fractal analysis, non-state-owned enterprises exhibited more favorable effects on enterprise performance, and the digital transformation of manufacturing export companies in developed regions had a more significant impact on their performance. Finally, the study's empirical results yielded pertinent proposals for digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first proposed a statistical test for the detrended multiple moving average cross-correlation coefficient DMMC (s). The DMMC (s) mainly was used to analyze the correlation between the dependent variable y and other n independent variables x i . We proved that DMMC (s) approximately obeys the chi-square distribution. We studied the statistical properties of the DMMC (s) between normally distributed random sequences and power-law ARFIMA long memory random sequences. Furthermore, we discussed the influence of the cross-correlation among the target variable and independent variables on DMMC (s). Finally, we further study the application of DMMC (s) to China's stock markets and China carbon emission trading markets to investigate multiple cross-correlation. The empirical results show that there is a strong multiple correlation between China's Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock markets, while the correlation between China's carbon markets is not significant. This paper provides new ideas and theoretical support for exploring the correlation between multiple variables, which has implications for investors and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective land rights reform in developing countries is promoted as a means of optimizing the use of land resources by clarifying property rights and encouraging land transfer. However, such mechanisms remain controversial, particularly as the overall cost – transaction, social, cultural – is often judged to be greater than the benefits obtained. In seeking to address whether this is always the case, this paper reports on a study of the "Three Rights Separation Reform" implemented in a Shanghai suburb, China. The paper argues that localized implementation of land rights reform can provided the context in which farmers feel more secure and have better expectations with respect to land rights, which can stimulate them to modernize and improve their farming practices. We argue that localized implementation, with a combination of top down regulations and bottom up practices, allied to both expert and tacit knowledges, effectively reduces the overall transaction cost and offers flexibility for the local community to find their own solutions under complex socio-economic conditions. We conclude by arguing that additional research and reforms are required to further reduce the transaction cost and enhance farmers' long-term expectations and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how common property is produced and delineated in contractual communities in China. Shanghai, one of the most developed Chinese cities with a burgeoning housing market, is used as a case study. The research analyses the power relations between land, construction and housing departments within Shanghai district governments and with developers, specifically, during the development phases of land leasing, construction permission and ownership registration. Drawing on the theoretical framework of new institutionalism, and its conception of path dependency in urban space, the article sheds light on what has led to the infringement on homeowners' common property by developers. In a weak legal and regulatory system for property development, the departments within district governments shirk responsibility to each other, whereas developers hold considerable power. The article concludes that common property bears the imprint of power dynamics set in motion in the development phase and thus requires greater recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote-sensing images of high spatial resolution (HSR) are valuable sources of fine-grained spatial information for various applications, such as urban surveys and governance. There is continuing research on positional errors in remote-sensing images and their impacts in geoprocessing and applications. This paper explores the combined use of multi-point geostatistics (MPS), machine learning—in particular, generalized additive modeling (GAM)—and computer-image correlation for characterizing positional errors in images—in particular, HSR images. These methods are employed because of the merits of MPS in being flexible for non-parametric and joint simulation of positional errors in X and Y coordinates, the merits of GAM in being capable of handling non-stationarity in-positional errors through error de-trending, and the merits of computer-image correlation in being cost-effective in furnishing the training data (TD) required in MPS. Procedurally, image correlation is applied to identify homologous image points in reference-test image pairs to extract image displacements automatically in constructing TD. To cope with the complexity of urban scenes and the unavailability of truly orthorectified images, visual screening is performed to clean the raw displacement data to create quality-enhanced TD, while manual digitization is used to obtain reference sample data, including conditioning data (CD), for MPS and test data for performance evaluation. GAM is used to decompose CD and TD into trends and residuals. With CD and TD both de-trended, the direct sampling (DS) algorithm for MPS is applied to simulate residuals over a simulation grid (SG) at 80 m spatial resolution. With the realizations of residuals and, hence, positional errors generated in this way, the means, standard deviation, and cross correlation in bivariate positional errors at SG nodes are computed. The simulated error fields are also used to generate equal-probable realizations of vertices that define some road centerlines (RCLs), selected for this research through interpolation over the aforementioned simulated error fields, leading to error metrics for the RCLs and for the lengths of some RCL segments. The enhanced georectification of the RCLs is facilitated through error correction. A case study based in Shanghai municipality, China, was carried out, using HSR images as part of generalized point clouds that were developed. The experiment results confirmed that by using the proposed methods, spatially explicit positional-error metrics, including means, standard deviation, and cross correlation, can be quantified flexibly, with those in the selected RCLs and the lengths of some RCL segments derived easily through error propagation. The reference positions of these RCLs were obtained through error correction. The positional accuracy gains achieved by the proposed methods were found to be comparable with those achieved by conventional image georectification, in which the CD were used as image-georectification control data. The proposed methods are valuable not only for uncertainty-informed image geolocation and analysis, but also for integrated geoinformation processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently the Chinese government has been actively collaborating with nonprofit nongovernmental organizations to provide social welfare services to older adults at the community level. The role played by NGOs in facilitating governance has only recently gained attention in the literature on Chinese NGOs and urban governance. Addressing this gap, the paper advances geographers' understanding of State–NGO collaborations in facilitating urban governance in the Chinese context using fieldwork in Beijing and Shanghai on the provision of community eldercare services as an example. It also explains the political control of these NGOs and their changing role in the eldercare market. We argue that collaborations between the state and NGOs in China have gradually transferred eldercare services to the NGOs, and led to a fragmented welfare system, which, as a consequence, has facilitated entrepreneurial urban governance. The paper sheds light on community-based organizations, their collaboration with local governments, and how they have become not only welfare providers but a significant site for social control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microscopic traffic flow models enable predictions of traffic operations, which allows traffic engineers to assess the efficiency and safety effects of roadway designs. Modeling vehicle trajectories inside intersections is challenging because there is an infinite number of possible paths in a two-dimensional space, and drivers can simultaneously adapt their speeds as well. To date, human driver models for simultaneous longitudinal and lateral vehicle control based on the infrastructure characteristics and interactions with other drivers inside an intersection are still lacking. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, it proposes an integrated microscopic traffic flow model to describe human-driven vehicle maneuvers under interactions. Drivers plan their heading and acceleration in the predicted future to minimize costs representing undesirable situations. The model works with a joint optimization for an interaction cost term. The weights associated with the interaction cost reflect how selfish or altruistic drivers are. Second, the proposed model endogenously gives the order of vehicles in case of crossing paths. Third, the paper develops a clustered validation method for microscopic traffic flow models with interacting vehicles, which account for interdriver variations. Results show that the model can accurately describe vehicle passing orders of interacting maneuvers, paths, and speeds against empirical data. The model can be applied to assess various intersection designs. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971140 and 52122215] and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [Grant 20ZR1439300]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration or segmentation of regional carbon prices implies that barriers may hinder prices from adjusting efficiently and impede linkages between regional carbon markets. Past studies have found that crossregional carbon prices in China tend to diverge, indicating unbalanced regional markets and that carbon cap-and-trade policies may be insufficiently effective. China's carbon trading pilots opened in 2013. Is the integration efficient? This is the research question addressed in this study. This paper uses the carbon prices of four carbon-trading pilot regions in China (i.e. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong) over the period of January 1, 2014, to March 23, 2021, to explore whether prices are correlated across three dimensions: long-term convergence, short-term correlation, and volatility transmission by adopting a vector error correction model with heterogeneous variances. And by using longer-term daily data and empirical tests that can account for the multiple-faceted correlations, this paper provides evidence showing that long-term convergence and risk transfer between the four regional carbon prices exist, which indicates significant regional integration. The results indicate that the price behavior of the Beijing pilot is efficient and that the Shanghai pilot has the lowest volatility. The paper also documents an information transfer pattern. For example, the Beijing pilot is shown to be the leading risk transfer market, whereas the Shanghai pilot is shown to be the market where most risk is transferred. Contrary to findings elsewhere, our main results demonstrate that China's carbon markets exhibit integration efficiency and no imbalance between regions. This may be because the efficiency of China's carbon markets has improved over time. The evidence also implies that if a multi-dimensional correlation has not been considered, it may underestimate the efficiency of regional carbon prices' integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has become a major public health emergency in the world, which seriously affects the normal operation of cities. Epidemic prevention and control is not only needed in big cities, but also in small and medium-sized cities. In view of this, the paper takes Beian city, China as the research area. This study establishes a street network model through spatial syntax, and predicts the crossing potential and arrival potential of its street network. This will play a reference role for traffic flow control in Beian city. The article uses emerging data. Through GIS spatial analysis method, we identify the hidden danger space of city. Therefore, this summarizes the places where people are easy to gather and some problems of the current situation of the city. The results show that: (1) Beian bridge and Wuyuer street have a good traffic potential. The intersection of Longjiang Road and Beidahuang street and the intersection of Tianyuan North Road and Baocheng road have good accessibility. (2) The intersection of Ping'an Street and Shanghai road is a potential hidden danger space of the city, and the focus of epidemic prevention and control. (3) The coverage rate of urban community medical services to residential land is 58.61%, and the existing medical infrastructure is insufficient. Under public health emergencies, the paper will argue a new development ideas for health and safety small town planning by visualizing the hidden danger space of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on business and economies globally. This paper aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on firm performance in China's high-tech industries. The population of this paper is 116 companies listed on the sci-tech innovation board (STAR market) of the Shanghai stock exchange. DuPont analysis is applied to measure firm performance including return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), asset turnover ratio (ATO), and profit margin. The empirical results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant and negative impact on ROE, ROA, and ATO in high-tech industries, and research and development (R&D) investment has a moderating role in the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and firm performance. The findings may play a guiding role for corporate managers and policymakers to overcome this formidable crisis in the era of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sheshan Geomagnetic Observatory (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) code SSH), China was built in Xujiahui, Shanghai in 1874 and moved to Sheshan, Shanghai at the end of 1932. So far, the SSH has a history of nearly 150 years. It is one of the earliest geomagnetic observatories in China and one of the geomagnetic observatories with the longest history in the world. In this paper, we present the rescue and quality control (QC) of the historical data at the SSH from 1933 to 2019. The rescued data are the absolute hourly mean values (AHMVs) of declination (D), horizontal (H), and vertical (Z) components. Some of these data are paper-based records and some are stored in a floppy disk in BAS, DBF, MDB, and other file storage formats. After digitization and format transformation, we imported the data into the Toad database to achieve the unified data management. We performed statistics of completeness, visual analysis, outliers detects, and data correction on the stored data. We then conducted the consistency test of daily variation and secular variation (SV) by comparing the corrected data with the data of the reference observatory, and the computational data of the COV-OBS model, respectively. The consistency test reveals good agreement. However, the individual data should be used with caution because these data are suspicious values, but there is not any explanation or change registered in the available metadata and logbooks. Finally, we present examples of the datasets in discriminating geomagnetic jerks and study of storms. The digitized and quality-controlled AHMVs data are available at: 10.5281/zenodo.7005471 (Zhang et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies suggest that land financing has given rise to entrepreneurial governance in China because local governments act like entrepreneurs to capture land value appreciation. However, the new land reserve institution has recently forbidden local governments from using land as collateral and centralized the financial management of land reserve projects. Given this profound change in land institutions, we ask whether local governments have become less entrepreneurial. This paper investigates the Shanghai Land Reserve Centre. The funding restriction and declining land profitability make it more challenging to generate land revenue. However, the local government is now adapting to the new land reserve institution, developing new entrepreneurial tactics, and treating land investment as a recurrent income stream. Facing the conjuncture of alarming local government debts, re-centralizing state control, and structural limits of land finance, local governments' entrepreneurial stance is not eliminated, but their entrepreneurial practices are reshaped. Theoretically, this paper contributes to understanding how urban entrepreneurialism evolves in response to changing political and economic conjunctures. • A framework for understanding governance transformation: conjunctures-incentives-tactics. • The new land reserve institution transforms local land-based entrepreneurial tactics. • Declining profitability of land finance based on project-level dataset in Shanghai. • Land incentive is reshaped to use land to trigger a long-term investment stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of urbanization in China has contributed to traffic events, such as traffic accidents and delays. It is difficult to detect and resolve highway traffic congestion in a timely manner using traditional methods because they are slow, require a large number of workers, and require the installation of a large amount of monitoring equipment. Therefore, it is imperative to introduce advanced technology to address these challenges. Recently, deep learning technology has made significant breakthroughs and has been widely applied to various fields with satisfactory results. Deep learning is among the most important technologies for the detection and evaluation of traffic congestion, enabling the accurate detection of the state of the expressway network's traffic congestion, the evaluation of traffic congestion, and the prediction of possible traffic congestion. This enables management to formulate traffic dredging strategies in advance to prevent the negative impact of traffic congestion on normal traffic flow. This paper proposes a framework based on deep learning for next-generation highway traffic management. This framework selects traffic congestion indicators to construct an index model, and then constructs a deep learning model based on self-coding. It predicts and classifies highway traffic environment data and excavates sample data based on the characteristics of traffic parameters. As soon as traffic data were classified, a prediction model based on SoftMax was established to detect and predict highway traffic congestion. We conducted a traffic congestion analysis of the Shanghai expressway network based on the speed performance data obtained from the China Traffic Management Bureau. As a result of their research, we developed an index to measure highway traffic congestion. For traffic control and management organizations to function effectively, it is crucial to have an accurate and clear picture of traffic network operations. We evaluated the proposed framework using data gathered from highway monitoring scenes, and the results indicated that 98.6% of the data could be correctly detected. Using the prediction model based on SoftMax for expressway vehicles during peak hours, the accuracy was 92%, and the misjudgment rate was 8%. This study demonstrates that detecting and evaluating the state of highway traffic environments using deep learning has high accuracy, can be applied to actual highway traffic systems, and is extremely useful for detecting highway congestion. This framework is a promising solution for next-generation highway traffic management and provides accurate and timely traffic congestion detection and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban rail transit usually contains many small radius curved tracks, and wheel flange wear is prominent, which greatly reduces the service life and increases the maintenance and replacement costs of wheelsets. Two metro lines in Shanghai of China had suffered from severe flange wear since 2017, and the flange wear rate increased gradually over the next three years. This paper presents the understanding and treatment of severe flange wear through field measurement and numerical simulation. The investigation results indicated that the key factors causing severe flange wear were poor rail gauge face lubrication, the use of a low conicity wheel profile for trains running on the two metro lines containing many small radius curved tracks, and the lack of timely maintenance of low rail profiles. Three countermeasures were proposed to mitigate wheel flange wear, which were evaluated through wheel–rail matching analysis and wheel wear prediction. Then, two countermeasures, i.e. improving rail gauge face lubrication and employing the LM-30 wheel profile, were verified through field tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing COVID-19 shocked financial markets globally, including China's crude oil future market, which is the third-most traded crude oil futures after WTI and Brent. As China's first crude oil futures are accessible to foreign investors, the Shanghai crude oil futures (SC) have attracted significant interest since launch at the Shanghai International Energy Exchange. The impact of COVID-19 on the new crude oil futures is an important issue for investors and policy makers. Therefore, this paper studies the short-term influence of COVID-19 pandemic on SC via multifractal analysis. We compare the market efficiency of SC before and during the pandemic with the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis and other commonly used random walk tests. Then, we generate shuffled and surrogate data to investigate the components of multifractal nature in SC. And we examine cross-correlations between SC returns and other financial assets returns as well as SC trading volume changes by the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis. The results show that market efficiency of SC and its cross-correlations with other assets increase significantly after the outbreak of COVID-19. Besides that, the sources of its multifractal nature have changed since the pandemic. The findings provide evidence for the short-term impacts of COVID-19 on SC. The results may have important implications for assets allocation, investment strategies and risk monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects (PIMs) is ineffective, and research on the issues of informal institutions' influence on stakeholders is limited. The present study answered how informal institutions influence the practices of public participation while conflicts occur among stakeholders. Two PIMs in China were used as case studies to investigate the effects of informal institutions. The paper suggests that the adversarial relationships among stakeholders can be reconciled by recognizing that informal institutions encompass the social responsibility of PIMs (SR-PIMs) and culture. Results also showed that effective public participation entails the fulfillment of SR-PIMs by responsible behaviors of stakeholders and the positive effect of cultural tension, enabling participatory awareness of stakeholders. This study improves understanding of how to mobilize stakeholders in practice with responsible behaviors to reach a consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the difference‐in‐differences method, this paper employs a unique government land transaction dataset at the individual level and investigates how much extra government revenue is generated by the Shanghai Disney Resort through land value appreciation in nearby areas. The results suggest that the Shanghai Disney project significantly increases the nearby land value and then increases local extra government revenue. The average annual extra growth rate was 9.81% (37.01 billion CNY) of Shanghai government revenue from 2009 to 2015 through nearby land value appreciation after the approval of the Shanghai Disney project in 2009. There also exists a heterogeneous impact of the Shanghai Disney project on different types of land value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sheshan geomagnetic observatory (IAGA code SSH), China was built in Xujiahui, Shanghai in 1874 and moved to Sheshan, Shanghai at the end of 1932. So far, SSH has a history of nearly 150 years. It is one of the earliest geomagnetic observatory in China and one of the geomagnetic stations with the longest history in the world. In this paper, we present the rescue and quality control of the historical data at Sheshan observatory (SSH) from 1933 to 2019. The rescued data are the absolute hourly mean values of D, H and Z components. Some of these data are paper-based records, and some are stored in a floppy disk in BAS, DBF, ACCESS and other file formats. After digitization and format transformation, we imported the data into the Toad database to achieve the unified data management. We performed statistics of continuity rate, visual analysis, outliers detects and data correction on the stored data. Then we conducted the consistency test of daily variation and secular variation by comparing the corrected data with these of the reference observatory data, and the computational data of the COV-OBS model, respectively. The consistency test revealed fairly good agreement. However, the individual data should be used with caution, because these data are suspicious values, but there is not any explanation or change registered in the available metadata and logbooks. Finally we present an example of the datasets in discriminating geomagnetic jerks. The digitized and quality-controlled AHMVs data are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584285 (Zhang et al, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the perspective of "state-led neoliberal modernization" to explore the collusion of the state and the market in the construction of scientific motherhood and its effect on rural nannies in China. It claims that the state and the market work together to shape rural nannies' modern subjectivity in the neoliberal economy through the commercial training programme of scientific motherhood. Based on a case study in Shanghai, this paper argues that the training for scientific motherhood attempts to transform rural women into modern care workers through two mechanisms: reconstructing recognition and mobilizing emotion. Rather than passively receiving the training, nannies use their agency to adjust the knowledge and practice of scientific motherhood to suit their complicated working situation. Their strategies include deploying scientific knowledge flexibly and instrumentally, practising self-restraint in limited intimacy, and paying attention to their own familial investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coronavirus epidemic, many Chinese hospitals have established buffer zones to prevent the spread and transmission of the virus. The buffer zone is a monitored and separate area where the patients who need hospitalizations after the quick treatments in the emergency department can temporarily wait for the Covid-19 test and receive some healthcare services to stabilize their conditions. Because the beds in the buffer zones are limited, the managers face the patient admission control problem for the buffer zone. This management and control problem is challenging since the patient arrivals are uncertain, and the patients’ conditions are different. In this paper, we build the infinite- and finite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) models for this problem. We use the uniformization method to discretize the patient flow. We propose various iteration algorithms to solve the MDP models and obtain the optimal and threshold policies. Numerical experiments validate the advantages of the policies obtained by the algorithms in this paper over the current policies of hospitals. Note to Practitioners—The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been causing enormous damage to people’s health, jobs, and well-being. COVID-19 has affected almost all countries globally and has changed the operation mode of the healthcare system, especially the hospitals. The hospitals are the frontlines of healthcare service and the battle with the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is motivated by our collaborations with hospitals in Shanghai, China. In China, many hospitals establish buffer zones: a monitored area where the patients who need hospitalizations after the quick treatments in the emergency department can temporarily wait for the Covid-19 test and receive some healthcare services to stabilize their conditions. Because the zone’s capacity is limited, the managers must make dynamic patient admission control decisions according to multiple factors, such as patients’ health conditions and the usage of beds in the zone. We propose two MDP models to solve this complex problem. Several iteration algorithms are designed to solve the MDP models and obtain the optimal and threshold policies. Based on hospitals’ real-life data, we show the methods presented in this paper can help hospital managers make more reasonable decisions. Although we focus on the hospital’s buffer zone in China, the methodology and approach for this problem can be extended to other practical hospital management scenarios in the coronavirus pandemic. For example, For example, some hospitals have admission control problems for coronavirus patients due to hospital capacity limitations. The hospital has to decide if a patient is accepted as an inpatient or suggested to home quarantine. In such a case, the admission control problem can also be solved by the methodologies in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's flower industry is developing rapidly, and the size of the retail market is increasing year by year. Studying the factors influencing residents' flower purchasing behavior and understanding their flower needs can help promote the sustainable development of the flower industry. Based on customer satisfaction theory, this paper uses 838 consumer research questionnaires from 15 districts in Shanghai to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction on residents' flower purchasing behavior by conducting a binary logit model and to investigate the moderating effect of flower purchasing purpose on the influence of satisfaction. The results show that price satisfaction and satisfaction with promotional methods have a significant negative effect on flower purchasing behavior, service satisfaction has a significant positive effect on purchasing behavior, and different customer purchase purposes lead to different intensities of the effect of satisfaction on purchasing behavior. According to the conclusion of the study, three countermeasures are proposed: to popularize the knowledge of flower culture, guide the concept of flower consumption, and promote the transformation of flower consumption to daily consumption; to conduct regular research on consumers by flower merchants to clarify consumers' needs and improve their satisfaction; to clarify consumers' purchase intention, increase the investment in the research and development and cultivation of flower products, and improve the supply level of flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing a scientific basis and method to ensure the smooth functioning of the Chinese crude oil market would be hugely significant to China's future economic development and security. To this end, attempts have been made to both internationalize the Shanghai crude oil market and minimize financial risks. This paper selects three crude oil markets (INE, WTI and Brent) and five Chinese financial markets (the futures, bond, fund, stock and foreign exchange markets) as the research objects. The Diebold and Yilmaz spillover index model and the multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) method are used to study the volatility spillover effect and the asymmetric cross-correlation between crude oil markets and financial markets. When the volatility spillover effect and the asymmetric relationship that exists between the financial markets are examined, the volatility spillover of the oil market to the financial market is found to be significantly higher than that of the financial market to the oil market. In particular, the spillover effect was even more significant from late-2019 to early-2020. Analysis demonstrates an asymmetric cross-correlation between crude oil markets and the abovementioned five Chinese financial markets. In particular, the impact of the Chinese crude oil market on the stock market is greatest, especially with respect to the Brent and WTI crude oil markets. Except for the bond market, when the INE and Brent markets are increasing, the risk exposure to financial markets is more significant. Among financial markets, INE-Bond market asymmetry is stronger than WTI-bond market asymmetry, but weaker than that of the Brent-Bond market when there are large fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's flower industry is developing rapidly, and the size of the retail market is increasing year by year. Studying the factors influencing residents' flower purchasing behavior and understanding their flower needs can help promote the sustainable development of the flower industry. Based on customer satisfaction theory, this paper uses 838 consumer research questionnaires from 15 districts in Shanghai to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction on residents' flower purchasing behavior by conducting a binary logit model and to investigate the moderating effect of flower purchasing purpose on the influence of satisfaction. The results show that price satisfaction and satisfaction with promotional methods have a significant negative effect on flower purchasing behavior, service satisfaction has a significant positive effect on purchasing behavior, and different customer purchase purposes lead to different intensities of the effect of satisfaction on purchasing behavior. According to the conclusion of the study, three countermeasures are proposed: to popularize the knowledge of flower culture, guide the concept of flower consumption, and promote the transformation of flower consumption to daily consumption; to conduct regular research on consumers by flower merchants to clarify consumers' needs and improve their satisfaction; to clarify consumers' purchase intention, increase the investment in the research and development and cultivation of flower products, and improve the supply level of flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-rise building areas (HRBs) provide significant social and environmental services and play a crucial role in modern urbanization. The large-scale and long-term spatial distribution of HRBs is of great interest to many fields, such as urban planning and local climate analysis. While previous studies have confirmed the value of Sentinel-2 images in extracting HRBs and their changes, current work is limited to relatively local areas and short-term analysis. One reason is due to the fact that the earliest Sentinel-2 image can only date back to 2015. To address this research gap, this paper proposes an efficient procedure to intelligently extract HRBs and their changes from multitemporal Landsat-7 and Sentinel-2 images, using a specifically designed fully convolutional network. To validate the proposed method, we selected four typical cities in China, namely, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Zhengzhou, as study areas. We utilized Landsat-7 images acquired in 2000 and 2010, along with Sentinel-2 images acquired in 2020, as experimental data. We extracted and analyzed three periods of HRBs and their changes in the four cities, along with urban rail terminal data and gross domestic product (GDP) data in the same period. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently extract HRBs and their changes in the four cities over the past 20 years, with an overall accuracy of more than 90%. HRBs changes are primarily driven by urban planning policies and geographical factors. There is a strong positive correlation between the increase in HRBs and the increase in rail terminals, both in terms of quantity and spatial distribution. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between HRBs increase and GDP increase in terms of quantity, but the trend varies in different cities due to their diverse developing modes. Overall, the results indicate that the proposed method can be a potential operational tool to extract large-scale and long-term HRBs and their changes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, China is at a critical stage of economic transformation and pollution control. The environmental pollution control efficiency (PCE) deserves more in-depth study. This paper adopts a three-stage global data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and a global Malmquist index model to measure the PCE and the sources of its changes in China from 1991 to 2019. Study shows that: (1) the overall level of PCE has remained low over the past 29 years, and it has a slowly fluctuating upward trend, with an average annual growth rate of only 0.92 %; (2) the lower pure technical efficiency hinders the effectiveness of environmental pollution control, which is mainly affected by the slow technological progress; and (3) at the provincial level, the overall efficiency of Shanghai and Guangxi has long been above 0.9, while the efficiency of other provinces has been below 0.9 for quite a long time. At the regional level, the Yangtze River Delta is the most effective area, while the Yellow River Basin is the most ineffective area. In consideration of this, we provide specific strategies for improving PCE of each province, from three aspects of increasing the capital input, optimizing the scale structure, and upgrading technology level. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the management of advance admission requests for obstetric care. Pregnant women in China select one hospital and request admission for both antenatal and postnatal care after nine weeks of pregnancy. Schedulers must make the admission decision instantly based on the availability of the most critical resource, that is, hospital beds for postnatal care. The random delay between admission requests and postnatal care has created a distinct advance admission control problem. To address this issue, we propose a basic model that assumes a unit bed requirement for one day. Each admission generates a unit of revenue and each unit of overcapacity use incurs an overcapacity cost. With the objective of maximizing the expected net revenue, we establish an optimal policy for unlimited requests, that is, an expected arrival time quota (EATQ) policy that accepts a fixed quota of advance admission requests with the same expected date of confinement. We then propose an extended model for general capacity requirements. Using the Poisson approximation, we establish the optimality of the EATQ policy, which is shown to be solvable by a simple linear programming model. We compare the numerical results from the different policies and conduct a sensitivity analysis. The EATQ policy is demonstrated to be the best option in all test instances and notably outperforms the current admission rules used in hospitals, which usually accept admission requests according to some empirical monthly quota of the expected delivery month. The Poisson approximation is shown to be effective for determining the optimal EATQ policy for both stationary and nonstationary arrivals. Summary of Contribution: First, this paper investigates the advance admission control problem for obstetric care. Pregnant women in China choose one hospital and request admission for both antenatal and postnatal care after nine weeks of pregnancy but the most critical resource is hospitalization beds needed for postnatal care. The random delay between admission request and postnatal care makes the problem unique and challenging to solve. It belongs to the scope of computing and operations research. Second, this paper formulates a dynamic programming model, analyzes the structural properties of the optimal control policy, and finally proposes a mathematical programming model to determine the optimal quota. Numerical experiments show the validity of the proposed approach. It covers the research contents of theories on dynamic stochastic control, mathematic programming model, and experiments. Moreover, this paper is motivated by the practical problem (advance admission control) in obstetric units of Shanghai. Using these optimality properties, solution approaches, and numerical results, this paper provides guidance on how to manage advance obstetric admission requests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its components (human, structural and relational capitals) on the performance of manufacturing listed companies in China. This paper also investigates the impacts of company ownership, industry attributes and region on the IC-performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the data of 953 manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges over the period 2012–2016. The modified value-added intellectual coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied to measure IC efficiency. Finally, multiple regression analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings: This study reveals that IC can enhance firm performance in China's manufacturing sector. Overall, earnings are affected by physical capital, human capital (HC) and structural capital (SC), and profitability and productivity are influenced by physical capital, HC, SC and relational capital. Physical capital is the most influential contributor to firm performance. In addition, state-owned enterprises have a greater impact of IC on firm performance than private-owned enterprises; high-tech manufacturing companies have higher IC performance than non-high-tech manufacturing companies; manufacturing companies in China's eastern region have higher IC performance than the counterparts in central and western regions. Practical implications: The findings may help managers, stakeholders and policymakers in developing countries to effectively and efficiently manage their IC resources. Originality/value: This is the first study to evaluate IC and its relationship with firm performance among Chinese manufacturing listed companies using the MVAIC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To make a bibliometric analysis of the literature published in Pharmaceutical Cave and Research from 2001 to 2021 and study its academic influence. Methods: The literature published since December 2001 was retrived from the website of Pharmaceutical Cave and Research (http://pcarjournal.zgkw.cn). All the information concerning publication time distribution, author affiliations, citation frequency, key words and fund sponsorship were collected for statistical analysis. The top 10 author affiliations and top 20 frequently-cited papers were screened. The expansion of the geographical coverage and increase of academic influence of the journal were analyzed. The key words with frequency ≥15 times in pharmaceutical care papers were identified. The Ucinet 6.0 software and NetDraw software were used to plot the network relationship diagram of high frequency key words and find out the hotspots of the pharmaceutical care papers in the journal. Results: Since inception, the Journal has totally published 3021 papers, reached peak in 2008-2010 and then gradually declined. Now, the journal enjoys a good reputation in Shanghai and even in the whole Eastern part of China, with author affiliations distributing throughout 33 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions, and even with a few of foreign contributors. There were 1446 papers cited by the Chinese science and technology core journals, and 183 papers cited by SCI journals. Totally, 596 fund-sponsored papers were published in the journal, with the ratio of fund-sponsored papers accounting for 19.73%. The pharmaceutical care papers published in the journal clearly displayed the development process of pharmaceutical care in China. Conclusion: With good academic quality, this journal has high influence in the field of pharmacy, particularly in pharmaceutical care. In addition it provides a high level academic exchange platform and professional support for the development of pharmaceutical care, and plays a positive role in promoting further development of hospital pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If humans lose the sun, they will find it in eight minutes. If the implementation of Internet hospitals is fully improved and matched with the government's "medical community and Medical Association", the whole country will only be able to solve the problem in minutes. There are many problems in domestic hospitals, such as the shortage of medical resources in poor areas, "difficult and expensive to see a doctor, especially tired of queuing up; more disputes, more drugs, more cross infection". Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, a number of Internet based hospitals have emerged in the wake of the policies of our government and various sectors of the society. Shanghai internet management measures define "Internet hospital" as "including the Internet hospital as the second name of the entity medical institution, and the Internet hospital independently set up relying on the entity medical institution" [1]. In short, the Internet hospital is based on the entity medical institutions, and the third party organizations provide technical support, combined with advanced technology such as AI technology, 5G transmission, three-dimensional imaging, etc., to achieve the new "Internet plus medical health" development direction of online consultation, intelligent search and consultation, remote diagnosis and treatment, chronic disease management, grading system diagnosis and treatment, and drug delivery to home. Although the emergence of the epidemic has made the internet medical service in China develop rapidly from an uneven road to Kangzhuang Avenue, the number of registered real users has reached and exceeded the total number of the past four years just a few months before the outbreak. However, there are still some problems in Internet medicine, which is still an emerging industry. These problems include the quality and safety of internet medical services, the lag of laws and regulations, the weak willingness of cooperation among top three, the problem of multi-point practice policy formulation of doctors, the problem of Internet data storage, the problem of not carrying out Internet treatment activities for newly diagnosed patients, and how to promote Internet hospitals to achieve "medicine insurance" in an all-round way. In view of these common problems in China Internet medical industry, this paper puts forward the following solutions: from the perspective of market demand as the main driving force for the development of the industry, matching with the national "medical community, medical Consortium" policy, constantly improving laws and regulations, introducing blockchain information technology, and striving to create a platform that can promote the development of medical institutions, doctors and Internet public health the development environment of the Department and other parties, combined with the big data in the field of Internet medicine and the progress of 5g science and information technology, has formed a complete and standardized comprehensive medical service closed-loop and regional collaborative integration development, so as to achieve the real "digital health".[2] This paper uses the survey method and interdisciplinary research method, the research stage is mainly divided into early and late. In the early stage, through collecting the information about the reality and historical situation of the research object, we find out the problems existing in the Internet hospital, and then make a comprehensive comparison, analysis and induction according to the data. In the later stage, we use the scientific research methods, and use the relevant disciplines including computer, Internet, medical, legal, commercial, financial and so on to carry out cross research, They are highly differentiated and integrated into a unified whole. Finally, to imagine the solution to the problem is the core of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the green efficiency performance of the logistics industry in China's 30 provinces from 2008 to 2017. We first evaluate the green efficiency of the logistics industry through the non-directional distance function method. Then, we use the functional clustering method funHDDC, which is one of the popular machine learning methods, to divide 30 provinces into 4 clusters and analyze the similarities and differences in green efficiency performance patterns among different groups. Further, we explore the driving factors of dynamic changes in green efficiency through the decomposition method. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in general, the level of green efficiency is closely related to the geographical location. From the clustering results, we can find that most of the eastern regions belong to the cluster with higher green efficiency, while most of the western regions belong to the cluster with lower green efficiency. However, the green efficiency performance in several regions with high economic levels, such as Beijing and Shanghai, is not satisfactory. (2) Based on the analysis of decomposition results, the innovation effect of China's logistics industry is the most obvious, but the efficiency change still needs to be improved, and technical leadership should be strengthened. Based on these conclusions, we further propose some policy recommendations for the green development of the logistics industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the relationship between cultural distance, classroom silence, and the performance of culturally responsive and inclusive education (CRIE) using a survey of 1051 college students in Shanghai in 2022. We found a significantly positive association between migrant students' cultural distance and their perceived learning gains in class. Students' cultural distance increased their classroom silence as a form of protection but had no significant effect on their classroom silence as a sign of power. The classroom silence as protection decreased students' perceived learning gains. However, classroom silence as power could be used by both local and migrant students as a hold-up strategy to strengthen their influence in class discussions, which could improve their perceived learning gains. Teachers' CRIE played the most important role in migrant students' perceived learning gains, while the effectiveness of CRIE was also actually dependent on the different channels and mechanisms of cultural distance and classroom silence. A cautious identification of classroom silence will improve the effectiveness of CRIE. Suggestions are offered to lighten the practice of educators, administrators, and instructors who face classroom silence from subnational migrant students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on museums situated in the People's Republic of China privileges the analysis of exhibitions over visitor studies. Based on the author's research on the reception of the Shanghai History Museum's representation of colonial history, this paper sheds light on the opportunities and difficulties of working with museum audiences in China. The article presents a qualitative analysis of the collected data, showing how visitors personalize and criticize the state-sanctioned anticolonial and nationalist version of Shanghai's history. It argues that visitor studies are a useful method for examining how museum audiences renegotiate the meaning of exhibitions under an authoritarian regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of innovation dividends, whether investors, as the main participants in the capital market, can tolerate enterprise innovation activities is the key to whether the capital market can help enterprises innovate. This paper takes the listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares in China that disclosed quantitative performance forecasts from 2016 to 2021 as samples, obtains the market reaction of performance forecasts through the event study method and uses them as proxy variables of investors' short-term performance expectations, and uses multiple regression analysis to explore the impact of corporate R&D on investors' short-term performance expectations. The results are as follows: (1) corporate R&D investment significantly reduces investors' short-term performance expectations (that is, investors have a significant tolerance effect on enterprises with higher R&D investment); (2) the increase in the shareholding ratio of institutional investors weakens the tolerance effect; and (3) with the implementation of China's innovation-driven strategy, the tolerance effect of its capital market on enterprise R&D gradually increases, especially for high-tech companies, but has a low tolerance effect on state-owned companies' R&D risk. The results show that investors in China's capital market are not completely rational in their response to corporate R&D, and investors are willing to bear more short-term performance losses for high R&D investment, which is consistent with prospect theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Do distinct subpopulations of decidual stromal cells (DSCs) exist and if so, are given subpopulations enriched in recurrent miscarriage (RM)?Summary Answer: Three subpopulations of DSCs were identified from which inflammatory DSCs (iDSCs) and glycolytic DSCs (glyDSCs) are significantly enriched in RM, with implicated roles in driving decidual inflammation and immune dysregulation.What Is Known Already: DSCs play crucial roles in establishing and maintaining a successful pregnancy; dysfunction of DSCs has been considered as one of the key reasons for the development of RM.Study Design, Size, Duration: We collected 15 early decidual samples from five healthy donors (HDs) and ten RM patients to perform single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 43 RM patients and 37 HDs were enrolled in the validation cohort.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Non-immune cells and immune cells of decidual tissues were sorted by flow cytometry to perform scRNA-seq. We used tissue microarrays (TMA) to validate three distinct subpopulations of DSCs. The expression of inflammatory and glycolytic proteins by DSCs was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Different subsets of decidual NK (dNK) cells and macrophages were also validated by multicolor flow cytometry and mIHC. Cell ligand-receptor and spatial analyses between DSCs and immune cells were analyzed by mIHC.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: We classify the DSCs into three subtypes based on scRNA-seq data: myofibroblastic (myDSCs), inflammatory (iDSCs) and glycolytic (glyDSCs), with the latter two being significantly enriched in RM patients. The distribution patterns of DSC subtypes in the RM and HD groups were validated by mIHC. Single-cell analyses indicate that the differentiation of iDSCs and glyDSCs may be coupled with the degrees of hypoxia. Consequently, we propose a pathological model in which a vicious circle is formed and fueled by hypoxic stress, uncontrolled inflammation and aberrant glycolysis. Furthermore, our results show that the inflammatory SPP1+ macrophages and CD18+ dNK cells are preferentially increased in the decidua of RM patients. Cell ligand-receptor and mIHC spatial analyses uncovered close interactions between pathogenic DSCs and inflammatory SPP1+ macrophages and CD18+ NK cells in RM patients.Large Scale Data: The raw single-cell sequence data reported in this paper were deposited at the National Omics Data Encyclopedia (www.biosino.org), under the accession number OEP002901.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The number of decidual samples for scRNA-seq was limited and in-depth functional studies on DSCs are warranted in future studies.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Identification of three DSC subpopulations opens new avenues for further investigation of their roles in RM patients.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (No. XDB29030302), Frontier Science Key Research Project (QYZDB-SSW-SMC036), Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFE0200600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31770960), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2019SHZDZX02, HS2021SHZX001), and Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (17411967800). All authors report no conflict of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure upon local governments to redeem their debt could affect government fiscal ability. It could consequently affect their fiscal policies on corporations, which might distort corporate innovation. Based on the data of Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and the local government implicit short-term debt financed by local government financing vehicles (LGFVs) in 31 provinces, this paper shows that local government debt (LGD) negatively affects corporate R&D investment in China, thereby suggesting a strong crowding-out effect. The crowding-out effect is more pronounced when the firm is a non-state-owned enterprise (NSOE), the firm's size is small, the firm's age is young, or the firm is in the lower market competition. This paper provide evidence by interacting the terms that local government actions, such as consumption of fiscal resources, strengthening tax collection efforts, or consumption of credit resources, might partially account for the crowding-out effect. This study illustrates the innovation costs of local government debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical means of transportation for residents to travel with low carbon in the new era, it is of grea t significance to explore how to achieve sustainable development throughout its life cycle. Based on t he challenges of the development of shared bicycles in China's cities, this paper innovatively proposes a governance framework for the sustainable development of shared bicycles oriented to the circular e conomy and a governance path based on the 3R principle, and constructs a complex system dynamics model that integrates three sub-modules of faulty vehicle reduction, faulty vehicle reuse and end-of-lif e vehicle resource. On this basis, based on the practical case of Shanghai, a multi-scenario simulation of the sustainable development path of shared bicycles from the perspective of circular economy is ca rried out. The study found that: (1) the five strategies of user use behavior governance, recycling parti cipation behavior governance, urban total delivery control, faulty vehicle recycling monitoring and pro ducer responsibility extension system all play a significant role in the sustainable development of the s hared bicycle industry; (2) In terms of a single strategy, the extended producer responsibility system a nd the monitoring of faulty vehicle recycling are the two best governance measures for the governme nt to control faulty and scrapped vehicles, operators to reduce production and recycling disposal cost s, and thus improve the efficiency of resource utilization in the industry, followed by urban total invest ment control; (3) In terms of combination strategies, the comprehensive integration and implementati on of the five strategies is the optimal governance path to promote the sustainable development of sh ared bicycles in China, after full implementation, the total number of scrapped bicycles in Shanghai wil l be reduced by 71.15% from 2021 to 2031, the production and recycling costs of operators will be sav ed by 73.77%, and the carbon emissions will be reduced by 87,800 tons. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes to implement the extended producer responsibility system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper constructs an economic growth model that contains human, physical capital, innovation, and energy factors and estimates the output elasticity of seven provinces and cities in East China in the period of 2004–2018. Having calculated the contribution rate of these different factors to economic growth, the paper finds that factors of production have a different elasticity that impacts the growth of different regions and industries and notes that energy and physical capital are the most significant factors for the growth of primary and secondary industries. This highlights that industrial growth has not freed from the path dependence of extensive input, and the authors cite Shanghai and Jiangsu as typical regions in this regard. The former's growth largely depends on physical capital and energy, and the latter's growth depends on the input of diverse elements including innovation. The latter is better suited to the needs of the "new normal" economic growth. The authors construct a simulation model of economic growth based on system dynamics, and system simulation results show that energy and material capital investment not only have the most significant effect on economic growth in East China but also provide clear evidence of extensive economic growth. The paper then demonstrates that increasing the optimal allocation of input factors and the rational flow between regions is conducive to improving output efficiency and provides the results of the Malmquist index calculation: on the whole, there is no obvious technological progress in East China. Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are, however, provincial-level regions of this part of the country which demonstrate significant technological progress in East China. In conclusion, the paper suggests that this region of China will be unable to maintain its current level of economic growth because of the combined influence of factor input constraints and insufficient technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital economy has been given a critical mission and momentum to promote high-quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Based on previous research on the spatial distribution of the digital economy and urban networks, this paper creatively utilized the data on human resource needs in the digital economy to compare the urban network. Using Kriging interpolation, network density, clique analysis, GIS technology, and other tools and methods, the evolution of network characteristics and the structure of digital economy companies in the Yangtze River Delta were described. The study found that (1) the digital economy of the Yangtze River Delta cities has developed rapidly, but the industry segmentation, spatial distribution, and scale are not balanced; (2) the networked pattern of the digital economy has taken shape, and the collaborative governance effect of the digital economy network based on the human resource supply chain and the urban network is beginning obviously; and (3) the core cities such as Shanghai and Hangzhou still occupy a dominant position in the digital economy, although there have been formed several cliques, most cities in the network have not yet been able to form subclusters independently. The urban agglomeration spatial structure attracts scholars, urban managers, and policymakers. Many scholars have researched the network structure of urban agglomerations from transportation and population flow perspectives. It is a new attempt to analyze the urban system through the spatial relationship of human resource demand. In recent years, as a new development content, the digital economy has attracted the attention of urban managers and markets around the world. From the perspective of urban planning, describing the network distribution of digital economy enterprises' human resource needs in the urban agglomeration space is conducive to better grasping the structural characteristics of China's Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and understanding the urban system within the urban agglomeration. At the same time, it also provides a basis for the organization and resource allocation of the digital economy in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A deep freight-on-rail-transit strategy is proposed to integrate urban transport. • Drivers and barriers to deep FoRT strategy are identified. • Suitability of MRT-based integrated logistics system adoption in China is assessed. • Influencing factors of project adoption and policy implications are suggested. • Government support and public–private partnerships are critical to project success. Integrating goods movement into public/mass rapid transit (MRT) is an emerging initiative to improve urban freight transport services and sustainability. This paper explores new prospects to achieve extensive non-road city logistics based on a deep freight-on-rail-transit (FoRT) strategy. To begin, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of deep FoRT are analyzed in view of the development status quo of urban China. Next, a multi-criteria assessment model driven by real-world data and 11 quantified metrics is proposed to judge the suitability for developing the MRT-based integrated logistics system (MILS) in 16 Chinese cities. Finally, critical factors influencing MILS project adoption are explicated, and the possible supportive policies are discussed from aspects of planning, regulation, funding, marketization, and innovations. Results show that the alignment with national development goals, rich social-environmental benefits, and stakeholder interest are the primary drivers of deep FoRT strategy, whereas poor planning and decision-making, governance and management deficiencies, and high investment could be the main hurdles. Priority of MILS project adoption in the selected cities is divided into four tiers, where Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen are recognized as the three best candidates. Strong and coordinated policies are needed to integrate the strategy into urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]