Search

This paper intends to explore the grammatical properties and meaning of pseudo-coordinative structures, as agarra y les paga or va y se muere, registered in different colloquial varieties of Spanish speaking countries. Pseudo-coordination produces grammaticalized constructions of two verbal forms inflected on the same morphological categories and united by the conjuction y, which denotate a unique event, since the first verb is desemantized or grammaticalized. A relevant fact is that the same grammaticalized verbs intervening on pseudo-coordinative structures (besides ir and agarrar, venir, coger, pillar, saltar and llegar, and the more novel volver, arrancar, largarse, lanzarse, ponerse, meterse, mandarse) function (or functioned) as periphrastic auxiliary verbs, often with an inchoative or ingressive meaning. Empirically, the paper concentrates on determine the grammatical distribution of pseudocoordinative structures, differentiating them to inchoative periphrasis, in order to offer a consistent syntactic and semantic analysis of these constructions. This will lead us to conclude that the primary meaning of grammaticalized pseudo-coordinative structures is aorist aspect (Smith, 1991; Camus Bergareche, 2004), in the same lines as Coseriu (1966) and in opposition to recent perspectives, as García Sánchez (2007) and Jaque et al. (2018, 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the research project «Fictional orality» in the translation of short stories by Carmen Lyra, registered at the Institute of Linguistic Research of the University of Costa Rica under the number 745-C1-002. It analyzes the Spanish to English translation of components with a semantic function as part of the features of «fictional orality» in Tales from my Aunt Panchita by the Costa Rican writer Carmen Lyra. In particular, the colloquial lexicon, and the semantic relations of similarity are traced. To do so, first, we systematized the results related to translation techniques, methods, and norms; afterwards, we contrasted them with the tendencies identified for the pragmatic field and for phraseological units, according to previous research part of this project; and, finally, we discussed the most representative examples of semantic or stylistic divergence between the source text and its English counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct use of Spanish when writing biological papers. We present a list of the most frequent errors in biological manuscripts written in Spanish, and we explain which are the recommended options. Our article is based on the International Codes of Nomenclature, and the guidelines of the Real Academia de la Lengua and the Council of Science Editors. We group the indications in four categories: lexical errors (e.g. English cognates); spelling (graphic accents, punctuation, font), morphology (use of prepositions) and style (linguistic economy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relational adjectives in Spanish constitute a subset of adjectives distinct from qualifying adjectives in both their syntax and semantics. A key difference between relational and qualifying adjectives is that the former can only be created by means of suffixation. From an onomasiological approach, suffixes forming relational adjectives are all conceptually similar, given that they perform the same function. These suffixes create a rivalry between schemes because they compete in the categorization of a lexeme. The choice of a given suffix is dictated by structural and contextual factors. This paper aims to describe the structural factors involved in the use of the -al, -ario, -ero, -esco, -´ico, -il, -ivo, and -torio suffixes, and give an account of their productivity in Mexican Spanish, using data from the Morfolex corpus. The results show that the main suffix forming relational adjectives is -ero, but it is used more in colloquial contexts, so that the diaphasic factor is key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional tokenization methods using linguistic rules have been replaced by statistical segmentation algorithms. Although these algorithms show a higher efficiency and are capable of building subword vocabularies from large corpora without human supervision, these subwords do not consistently correspond to morphemes. This paper addresses this issue by proposing an evaluation methodology and applying it to the morphological quality of Spanish vocabularies produced by three prominent subword tokenization algorithms –BPE, WordPiece, and Unigram– commonly used in Large Language Models (LLMs). Three gold standards were created to measure relevance, coherence, and morphological accuracy of vocabularies of six tokenizers trained on Spanish corpus, exploring different vocabulary sizes. Evaluation results indicate that none of the three algorithms is suitable for accurately representing Spanish morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociolinguistic typology studies have uncovered diverse social, cultural, and political factors that might account for aspects of the structural complexity of the world’s languages. Accordingly, the languages spoken by close-knit (or esoteric) societies tend to feature more complex phonologies and morphologies, as well as increased semantic opacity. By contrast, the languages spoken by open (or exoteric) societies usually exhibit more syntactic complexity together with greater semantic compositionality. In this paper, we support the view that classical (i.e. variationist) sociolinguistics would benefit from applying this typological approach to the study of intralinguistic variation. Specifically, we argue for relying on the concepts of esotericity and exotericity for achieving a better characterization and understanding of Spanish familects (i.e. the private language varieties used within families). We advance a specific protocol for studying this linguistic variety, as well as a tentative list of features characterizing Spanish familects, which we have posited under the view that familects are esoteric varieties of the standard language, although with some distinctive features compared to the oral vernacular, particularly to informal speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Madrid has become a receptor space for both internal and external migration, which supposes social and linguistic consequences that may be worth studying. Sociolinguistic integration of the group of Paraguayans in Madrid is a complex process due to their bilingual character between Spanish and Guaraní, used in mixing and codeswitching as jopara. The aim of this paper is to study not only the sociolinguistic integration process of Paraguayans in Madrid, but also the language attitudes to Paraguayan form of Spanish and Guaraní, as well as the degree of bilingualism and vitality of Guarani in Madrid, where it becomes a minority language. The results suggest a manifest prestige of their two varieties, reflected in the only partial convergence towards the Madrilenian variety and in the vitality of the Guaraní, used as jopara. Despite this, they value the linguistic variety of Madrid as the most prestigious, which they recognize as the normative one and wish it for their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that the Spanish adjective suffixes -ivo and -dor, usually considered synonymous, are specialized when attaching to a verbal base. In some cases, these bases are different, and, in many others, they attach to the same base, but each suffix selects a different verbal reading. Specifically, the suffix -dor selects eventive verbal bases and/or verbal readings with an agentive initiator, while the suffix -ivo is specialized for stative verbal bases and/or verbal readings with a non-agentive initiator. This selection determines that the adjectives suffixed by -dor develop a habitual reading (hombre madrugador ‘morning man’) or an episodic one (atleta ganador ‘winning athlete’) and the adjectives in -ivo, on the contrary, tend to a dispositional interpretation (comida nutritiva ‘nutritive food’). Likewise, adjectives in -dor have more verbal properties than adjectives with -ivo, so that they can inherit the arguments of the verbal base and they accept verbal modifiers, both possibilities are ruled out for derived adjectives with -ivo. The semantic, syntactic, and morphological differences of these adjectives are explained from the different structural configuration in which they are generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a lexicographical and terminological study of the various names that epilepsy disease has received throughout the history of the Spanish language. Among other particularities, we analyse the etymology and lexicogenetic mechanisms, diachronic and diaphasic restrictions, as well as the documentation for more than thirty lexical units consigned in the medical terminological dictionaries of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the importance of Pedro Henríquez Ureña’s Observaciones sobre el español de América (1921) for linguistic geography and linguistic historiography is very well known, this paper maintains that its information is also very relevant to historical dialectology of Latin American varieties of Spanish language. This statement is demonstrated with several examples which increase our knowledge of this subject and whose study in other corpora is very difficult or event impossible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of authorship, when we talk about women's literature, results in a metamorphic process that forces women writers to adopt an absent identity. The gregarious positioning of women, as well as the reduction of their area of movement, distances them, from ridicule and undervaluation, of creative acts, including writing. A research task of excavation is therefore called for in order to unearth the plausible reasons for the bifurcated identity and the tools used to do so. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a documentary analysis carried out on the use of pseudonyms by Spanish language women writers from the 18th century to the present day in order to answer the causes, forms, and functions of the confluence of otherness in the field of women's writing. All of this with the intention of reconstructing the reality of a world biased under the patriarchal hand, which enables the creation of a real and egalitarian canon that contributes to making women visible, eliminating inequality, and showing references and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse a set of macrosintactic elements in the speech of the football players of two Spanish teams: Real Betis Balompié and Sevilla Fútbol Club, in order to determine how they speak about victories and defeats. To make it possible, the Pragmatics linguistics model of Fuentes Rodríguez is used as a analytical tool. The results show that argumentative operators are the most common elements of speech, specially intensifiers, as it occurs in the case of other argumentative markers. Moreover, modal operators, the second group in frequency, reveal that the football players prefer to mitigate their assertions. Finally, in the case of enunciative operators, despite their low frequency, those that characterize their speech as honest are used. We suggest that football players' speech are mostly persuasive, although they do not present their assertions as a doubtless, something that has to do with the polemic context of football as a mass entertainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Applied Cognitive Linguistics, more specifically on how the different areas within this theoretical perspective contributed to the field of the acquisition and teaching of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). Cognitive Linguistics is not a homogeneous approach to language; it includes different perspectives about language that share some theoretical principles, such as the integration of language with other cognitive abilities. In SFL, Cognitive Grammar has received most of the researchers’ attention but the interest in other areas of Cognitive Linguistics is now growing. The main benefits of applying Cognitive Linguistics to SFL teaching are explained in this paper. The focus is on typological contrasts in the area of motion events (e.g. ir ‘go’ vs. venir ‘come’; dejar ‘leave’/poner ‘put on’/meter ‘put in’) and the difficulties they pose to SFL students. Finally, it is explained how Cognitive Linguistics helps with the new challenges of the acquisition and teaching of SFL, particularly in relation to typological contrasts. For ex*ample, the development of mediation and plurilingual competence through the lens of Cognitive Linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reports of official organizations and interns at the Teacher Training Faculty confirm the gradual increase, especially at the primary education level, of international students who do not know the vehicular language of their schools. At the same time, abroad, there is a growing and sustained demand for Spanish as a Foreign Language courses at the primary education level. Consequently, primary education teaching degree programs must help students develop competencies and strategies linked to teaching ELE. Therefore, this paper reviews existing measures to address this reality. It also presents a training proposal that contributes, within the framework of active and cooperative learning, to an understanding of the difficulties of international students in learning the official languages of their schools, and improves the linguistic support provided to them. Consequently, the proposal will enhance the inclusion of international students. Finally, this paper aims to broaden the job outlooks of future primary education teachers by showing the growing request for ELE learning in primary education level abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tradition of dimensional models in the study of emotions suggests that affective space is better defined by a small number of non-specific general dimensions. This dimensional perspective in the study of emotions postulates that the minimal entities of representation are dimensions such as valence (attraction vs. rejection) and arousal (level of activation). Data collection in this perspective is done through the laborious process of resorting to the estimates of hundreds of people who must decide on a continuum of two dimensions: how positive or negative the object to which the concept alludes is, and what level of arousal it generates. To do so, generally, an image-based questionnaire developed to measure an emotional response is used, called SAM (Self Assessment Manikin), which is a set of synthesized drawings that can be used to guide the participants' response. As can be noted, the volume and quality of the procedures used to study these affective variables associated with concepts involves an arduous process of data collection and processing. The complexity of this work, due to the enormous amount and type of data, makes computational intelligence a very useful and novel tool for its approach in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results. Processing by means of distributional semantics obtains the meaning of a word by locating the context in which it appears through an intelligent search in large volumes of electronically stored data. Lexical-affective information, represented by the valence and activation dimensions, is a type of information that seems to be represented by the social use of a term and, therefore, it is plausible to infer it by studying the contexts in which the term appears. In this paper we consider the plausibility of the application of the method of estimating lexical-affective values by means of distributional semantics for the Spanish language. In order to achieve this objective, the Spanish adaptation of the ANEW is used for this purpose and, two procedures were carried out. On the one hand, the most traditionally used computational method of estimation by means of linear regressions was compared with a model based on neural networks, which showed the better fit of the latter. On the other hand, lexical-affective values were estimated for a set of complex emotions and, in order to verify the strength of the results, such estimation was compared with empirical data taken and processed in a linguistic community (Argentine), different from the community that gave rise to the data with which the computational model was trained (Spanish). The results have been very encouraging since, between the computationally derived estimates and the empirically derived data with the Argentine population, correlations were found to be sufficiently strong and comparable to those that can be found when the same comparison is made between empirically derived results with different age groups, or between different genders, or when comparing different geographical regions. These results point to a striking common base of the language, a basic common core of concepts, which can be explored by means of the procedures and techniques of distributional semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the social and stylistic variation in the speech prosody of the Spanish of Mérida, Yucatán. Assertive utterances from sociolinguistic interviews and discourse completion tasks are analyzed considering the social variables of age, gender and educational level. The prosodic analysis is carried out within the Autosegmental Metrical model (Pierrehumbert 1980, Ladd 2008) and with the Sp_ToBI labeling conventions (Hualde & Prieto 2015). The results show that this variety of Spanish is characterized by a prominent descent starting from the first tonal peak, the early-peak alignment in some prenuclear positions, and the presence of some non-falling boundary tones. The social and stylistic variation suggests that the last two are features that indicate vernacularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis of the segmental phonological system of Maleku (Guatuso) on the basis of previously published phonological and phonetic descriptions. It has a particular focus on the distinctive features that contrast the phonemes, since no other publication has addressed this topic in detail before. In the patrimonial consonantal system, a total equivalence is established between the values of the features [sonorant] and [voice] if the phoneme classified as a voiced palatal fricative is considered a "sonorant fricative". On the other hand, in the innovative system, which incorporates four phonemes borrowed from Spanish, the contrastivity of the feature [voice] is activated due to the introduction of voiced stop phonemes that contrast with the unvoiced stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we present a sociolinguistic study on the variation of the/s/in implosive position in the Spanish spoken in the city of Seville. For this purpose, the work is based on PRESEEA materials from the high educational level of Seville's citizens, which in made of semi-structured surveys recollected between 2012 and 2014. The results have been obtained through a quantitative study of the data and after a application of stadistic correlations and logistic regression analyses in order to observe the influence of the independent variables in the pronunciation of the/s/implosive consonant when all the factors act simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to analyze what linguistic and social factors influence the production of the different articulatory variants of the phoneme/s/(sibilance, aspiration, elisión, assimilation and aspiration with assimilation). The results show that the aspirated allophone [h] is the most frequent variant, reaching the highest percentages, followed by the elision, which contrasts with the results obtained in others linguistic communities of Andalusia (e.g.: Málaga, Jaén, Granada) where it is observed that the most used variant is the elision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subtitles in peninsular and Latin Spanish of the Netflix series Sex Education (Nunn et al., 2019). The series features dialogues with numerous colloquial and vulgar marks typical of youthful language, as well as scenes in which issues related to the ideological category of sex are addressed. The corpus is made up of a selection of scenes taken from the eight episodes of the first season that contain elements related to the category of sex and, in particular, to the following subcategories: sexual relations and sexual anatomy. Based on the classification proposed by Ávila-Cabrera (2020; 2023) in his model for analyzing the translation of taboo languages, it has been possible to shed light on the different techniques used to translate sexual slang in the two versions compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the presence of Anglicisms in the field of drinks in Spanish. After analyzing 22 digital media using the search tool "Observatorio Lázaro", a sample of seventy-eight anglicized non-adapted lexical units has been excerpted. The extracted terms refer to various types of alcoholic drinks, some of which already have a Spanish equivalent, whereas in other cases, those terms refer to new concepts that do not have Spanish equivalent due to its novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the history of education in Chile in the 19th century, focusing on its institutions and fundamental actors. For the analysis, we analyse legal and educational texts, which structure the gestation and evolution of the education throughout this century More specifically, we pay attention to the aspects concerning grammar. The externalist and epihistoriographical approach adopted in this research allows us to draw essential conclusions for further general and particular research in this period, which emanate from the interdependence between education and the historical, social and cultural context. The results demonstrate both the importance given to Spanish grammar at all levels of teacher training, which would subsequently be transmitted to the students, as well as the preponderance of the figure of Bello in its theoretical bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a historiographical and political-linguistic perspective, in this paper I try to show some historical and educational data of Spanish teaching policies during the process of generalization of public secondary education in the context of the consolidation of the Uruguayan State (1912-1936). The selected period includes the creation of public high schools (1912) and the institutionalization outside Montevideo, Uruguay's capital city of the Spanish Language ("Idioma Castellano") (1912) and Spanish Language ("Idioma Español") (1936) and the books for students, framed in the corresponding study plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical terminology is a historical product whose creation and evolution involves not only scientific, but also social and cultural factors. Based on this premise and taking the TERMMED Project as a reference, the aim of this paper is to study the terminology of the field of assisted reproduction (AR) in order to understand its evolution, to determine how this evolution depends on and feeds back into the social context in which it takes place, and to observe its rate of dictionarization in the Spanish academic dictionary. As one of the discourses that best shows the changes experienced by any area of reality is the dictionary, firstly, the entries of a representative selection of AR terms in various editions of the academic dictionary of Spanish are analyzed. Secondly, the first appearance of these words in the most representative textual corpora of Spanish, their frequency of use and the interest of the general population in consulting them, are also analyzed. The results show the social importance that AR has been acquiring and the mismatch between the rate of dictionarization of these units and the needs of the speakers reflected in the corpora of use and in the consultations to the dictionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On two pages of the Maya hieroglyphic manuscript known as the Madrid Codex are found vestiges of European paper. Visible on one of those fragments are handwritten words in Latin and Spanish. Scholars first proposed that the European paper had been incorporated into the substrate of the Maya codex during manufacture, and that the codex was a post-conquest creation. A re-analysis of the codex has shown, however, that the European paper became adhered to the codex after it was manufactured and painted. Another study has argued that it is a fragment of a Bull of the Santa Cruzada and that its presence helps to identify the approximate year and place when the Maya codex fell into the hands of Spanish friars. This article will show that argument is incorrect and that the European writing found in the Madrid Codex does not clarify the provenience of this important document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School well-being has a growing interest in educational research and practice, although its multidimensional nature and the imprecision in its definition limit its knowledge and make more in-depth study necessary. The aim was to deepen the understanding of the construct of school well-being identifying perspectives, models and definitory elements. A systematic review of 53 bibliographic sources from internationally databases (APA, PsycInfo, ERIC, Scopus, WoS) was conducted. PICO approach for formulating the eligibility criteria and searching for research questions, and PRISMA-compliance systematic review recommendations were followed. There were included articles and papers conferences, from 2000 to 2020, with the keywords school wellbeing or well-being, in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish languages. Topics related to health and illness, work, university, and social, economic, politic, or cultural issues were excluded. Information was analysed descriptively using the meta-narrative. The characteristics of the studies (methodology, participants, years of publication and countries) were presented; the perspectives classically linked to school well-being as a subjective (hedonic) and psychological (eudemonic) concept as well as the social well-being were explained; and the factors that operationalize it were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse a corpus of 137 texts published between 1888 and 1899. These texts are included in one of the most successful Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century: Las Novedades (New York, 1876-1918). In the analysis I will determine the linguistic ideologies and the discursive strategies used for the promotion of Hispanism and Spanish language in a sociopolitical context in which the Spanish hegemony was losing all its power at an international level. Thus, the ideologies found are divided in two different categories: the linguistic ideologies that give the language a cultural value and the linguistic ideologies that make reference to the economic and commercial value of the language. The results obtained from this analysis will contribute to understand the role of Spanish language in the United States. Furthermore, this paper presents an unpublished corpus of clear historiographic interest that contributes to clarify the panorama of Hispanism in a country like the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grammatical agreement, a property of inflectional languages such as Spanish, consists of a formal association of different syntactic constituents. Even though it is a categorical morphosyntactic phenomenon, in Peruvian Spanish non-agreement occurs in different communicative contexts, due to certain social factors that will be analyzed in this paper. Based on a variationist perspective, we intend to identify and analyze non-concordant (NC) utterances extracted from the PRESEEA-LIMA corpus (directed by the author) in several linguistic contexts related to the constituents of noun phrases and verb phrases. An overview of the quantitative results will be provided in this paper. Moreover, we will approach data from both a heuristic and a hermeneutic point of view, through a reinterpretation of the role of quantitative value in the determination of linguistic variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyses the translation of motion events from Spanish novels into German and English. More precisely, it focuses on three translation agents: translation students, professional translators and the neural machine translation tool DeepL. The study, contextualised in the Thinking-for-translating hypothesis (Slobin, 1997, 2000, 2003), aims at investigating whether all the information about the motion events in Spanish novels is transferred or otherwise Manner information is added, as might be expected due to intertypological differences (German and English languages are satellite-framed languages and Spanish is a verb-framed language, Talmy, 1985, 2000) and the data obtained from studies based on professional translation (cf. Slobin, 1996; Cifuentes-Férez, 2013; Molés- Cases, 2019). Overall, the results show that the way students and professionals deal with the translation of motion events is influenced by their mother tongues. However, it seems that, in general, students are more reluctant to add information about Manner in motion events than professional translators. Besides, the most observed translation technique in the case of DeepL corresponds to literal translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study, we verified the advantages of learning a set of idiomatic phrases in Spanish through two didactic proposals based on Cognitive Linguistics in which the participants reflected on the connection between the idioms’ literal reading and the idiomatic meaning retroactively (after receiving the meaning) or proactively (before discovering it) (Ureña Tormo et al., 2022). This paper focuses on the incorrect responses of the previous study and identifies four types of errors: a) interference with the meaning of another target idiom; b) literal meaning; c) meaning unrelated to the idiom; d) blank response. Among these, blank responses (d) predominate significantly, especially one week after learning the idioms, while confusion between phrases (a) decreases markedly over time. The results do not allow us to establish whether either of the two methodological proposals is more likely to cause or avoid a certain type of error. However, given that the pedagogical treatment based on reflecting on the literal-figurative link retroactively reports superior results, it is convenient to continue exploring its pedagogical potential, and to relate this to idioms with specific features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passivization in Spanish takes (active) clauses with a direct object and turns them into (passive) clauses in which that argument behaves as a subject. English allows secondary passives as well, in which the constituent that is promoted to the subject position is the goal or beneficiary argument of ditransitive predicates such as give: Peter was given a book. Although Spanish does not have this kind of passives, this paper discusses some data on ditransitive verbs whose passives allow the promotion of goal or beneficiary arguments. It is shown that there are at least two major types with differentiated characteristics: verbs that enable a construction we call beneficiary accusative and verbs that trigger what we call lexicalized goal-passives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the multiple realizations of lower limit and of speakers from different Spanish speaking territories found in the extensive oral corpus FEC (Fonología del Español Contemporáneo). We present several acoustic criteria to assign the continuum between occlusive and approximant to different phonetic variants to enable quantitative analysis of the corpus. The results of the acoustic analysis confirm the different phases described in previous literature of the phenomenon in the different Spanish speaking territories. Additionally, they show that a) palatal fricative realizations [?] - the IPA symbol commonly used for the phoneme - is very rare in the corpus and b) that in territories that distinguish between/?/and/j/, hybrid variants consisting of lateral + central that show a beginning delateralization are quite recurrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes, from the viewpoint of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (henceforth, SFL), the specific ways in which the structure of the Spanish clause is organized for the realization of basic experiential functions, including Participant, Process and Circumstance. Thus far, SFL-descriptive work on Spanish has given little attention to the ways in which units and classes of units are organized along the rank scale of this language and how this organization contributes to the structural configuration of types of process. Based on the principles derived from the SFL theoretical dimensions of axis and rank, this article accounts for Spanishspecific resources at stake, first, in the realization of nuclear clause functions such as Process and Participant, and then in the realization of peripheral circumstantial elements. The paper finally addresses the key implications of the approach adopted to the account of the Spanish clause as well as to the general criteria involved in the identification of basic functions in its experiential structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the idea that the study of peripheral phenomena or marginalia in language can shed new light on the interpretation of other, less marginal linguistic data. Specifically, it focuses on the joining or separation of linguistic elements, which is often considered a typically marginal phenomenon, but which constitutes one of the syntactic criteria for classifying verbal periphrases. For this purpose, interpolation, i.e. the separation of the two components of a periphrasis by another element, is examined in three specific cases: , and . The analysis offers clues for reconsidering interpolation as a criterion for the classification of periphrases. At the same time, the study makes it clear that, on the one hand, verbal periphrases are characterised by a type of syntactic ambiguity and, on the other hand, their semantic value is decisive in determining their periphrastic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with so-called 'particle verbs' or 'phrasal verbs' in Peninsular Spanish lexicography and grammaticography from the 15th century to the present. These structures, situated halfway between the lexicon and the grammar, are considered marginal in modern Spanish from a typological and pan-Romance perspective. They also do not appear systematically in current dictionaries and grammars, where some are explicitly criticised. However, recent studies document certain (semi)productive patterns, some dating back to Old Spanish, that decline in diachronic corpus data starting in the 1500s (cf. Wiesinger 2020; in press a). The present contribution explores the interplay between this diachronic development and the treatment of particle verbs in normative and/or didactic Spanish dictionaries and grammars. In fact, the decline of Spanish particle verbs can be linked to normative and (re)latinising tendencies in Renaissance dictionaries and grammars, where certain adverbial particles are omitted and most particle verbs lack their own entries despite being used in the definitions. Although particle verbs are increasingly recognized in the works of the Real Academia Española in the 1700s and part of the 1800s, this traditional tendency reemerges in the 20th century and is slow to disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze how metadiscourse has been studied by examining scientific production during the last four decades. We used the bibliometric analysis. We selected papers on inclusion criteria: including Scopus articles published in English, Spanish, and other languages. For other databases, we considered publications in Spanish and some in Portuguese. The bibliometric analysis used the VOSviewer software. The results show the lines of research on metadiscourse, the approaches to its study, and the centers that lead them, as well as researchers and the various disciplines of their research. Additionally, we characterized niches as epistemic spaces for the study of metadiscourse: authorial commitment through interactional resources, self-mentions, and metadiscursive strategies. We found gaps between the scientific production published in Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar and between that published in English and Spanish concerning metadiscourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to describe and summarize the syntactic and semantic behavior of adjectives-adverbs in Spanish and to establish a grammatical contrast with what happens in French and, to a lesser extent, in Italian. In this qualification of the state denoted by the verb, the complementation verb + adjective is used (esp. hablar claro, fr. parler vrai, it. parlare chiaro), and the adjective remains invariable in its masculine singular form. However, this complementation is not homogeneous in these Romance languages. The preceding classifications have not considered all possible cases. Considering the degree of lexical fixation they present, three large groups of adjectives-adverbs can be established in these languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to describe the prosodic features --nuclear pitch configurations and pitch range-- of neutral and oriented interrogative utterances in the Spanish of Mexico City. We carried out a study of polar and wh- questions recorded in the free conversation module of the Corpus Norma Lingüística Culta (Lope Blanch 1971) and Habla Popular de la Ciudad de México (Lope Blanch 1976). The findings of the qualitative analysis show: i) the nuclear pitch configuration L* (L)H% --with the variants L* (L)H%, L* ¡H%, !H* ¡H%-- in information-seeking yes-no questions and confirmation questions, ii) the nuclear configuration L* L% documented in neutral wh- questions, and the boundary tone H% produced in the non-neutral condition --hypothetical or confirmative-- of the utterance; iii) the use of the pitch range as a potential prosodic resource for the expression of lesser or greater knowledge about the expected answer. The spontaneous speech data partially confirm the descriptions based on discourse completion tasks for this variety of Spanish (de-la-Mota et al. 2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an insight on the centrality of two main paradigms of the current linguistic theory in the field of Spanish as a second/foreign language acquisition, and its operative role in teaching. Generative Grammar (GG) as well as Cognitive Grammar (CG) are mentalist models, however, its postulates on the connection between human cognition and non-native linguistic knowledge are, in many cases, opposite; therefore, these models imply different conceptions of a pedagogical grammar. Throughout the paper, it is taken into consideration the way in which they are antagonistic, but also how they can be complementary. Even though GC has been more popular in classroom teaching, current GG may have a relevant impact on the curriculum, as well as on the instruction, by presenting a greater predictive capacity to identify the learner’s difficulties in processing certain linguistic structures. Finally, other key notions on linguistic knowledge, processability, and input, regarding didactic intervention, are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These notes set forth a linguistic model reminiscent of glossematics, with four differentiated modules each dealing with variation in the system of address in Spanish according to the characteristics of each of the analyzed phenomena. The model distinguishes two main levels: content and expression. In each, the model further distinguishes between form and substance. Within the level of content, the study of social relations belongs to substance, and the way those relations are grammatically formalized and how they interact with each other belongs to form. A fundamental aspect of the model is the connection between the enunciative person and the grammatical person. The paper concludes with an analysis of the morphological instantiation of the grammatical person in different varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguous relative clauses with two possible antecedent nouns have been widely studied in Spanish since they cast doubt on the universality of syntactic parsing principles. Current research suggests that there is an early contribution of prosodic information in the disambiguation of this kind or sentences in oral comprehension and production tasks. In this paper we present two comprehension experiments of locally ambiguous relative clauses with two possible attachment sites in Spanish, in which different prosodic parameters were manipulated to yield either congruous or incongruous pairings of prosody and syntax, with the aim of testing their influence on listeners' attachment preferences of the ambiguous clause and on their response times. Additionally, fundamental frequency (F0) and temporal (pause distribution) prosodic parameters were manipulated in different subexperiments so as to assess their separate contribution to participants' performance. Our results confirm an effective and relatively early use of prosodic information by listeners during language processing. In particular, congruous prosody with syntax generally facilitates participants' responses, though this effect was found to vary across the two attachment options. Finally, F0 and temporal prosodic features were found to make a similar contribution to participants' responses, with few occasional differences between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine existing analyses for (restrictive) relative clauses and propose an analysis for Spanish relatives from the perspective of a lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG). We will provide a summary of the main proposals in the literature and examine the questions that any analysis of relative clauses should address. Our TAG approach synthesises the descriptive and theoretical advantages of existing models (the head external analysis, the raising analysis, and the matching analysis) and offers a solution to some of the main problems that have been observed in the literature. We will focus on the internal configuration of relative clauses, their structural position, and the category of the expression que in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to analyze the teaching practice of a preschool teacher in a private school in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, based on the dimensions of effective and represented work. From the analysis of the instructions and the simple self-confrontation, axes of analysis were identified that allowed an approach to the main challenges that the teacher faced with the online education developed during the pandemic by covid-19. The results of the work placed at the center of the discussion the teacher's challenges and concerns about the ways of teaching online literacy, the relationships with the students' families when working from home, and the interaction with technology in the virtual classroom. Taken together, the findings broaden the picture of teaching practices during social distancing and contribute to the empirical knowledge of this object of study as a result of the impact generated by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers' gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which "sí, pero (yes, but) + negation", "aunque (even though)", "no, pero (no, but) + assertion" and "a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)" stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject's age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the information structure of predicate doubling in Rioplatense Spanish (e.g., Leer, leyó 'as for reading, she/he read'). We propose that in this construction the dislocated predicate functions as a contrastive topic in the sense of Büring (2003), that is, it evokes a set of alternative questions with which it contrasts. We argue that this characterization explains the "continuation effect" that predicate doubling exhibits, i.e., the fact that a predicate doubling sentence suggests a potential continuation that involves another predicate. Moreover, we show that this analysis correctly predicts the distribution of predicate doubling in embedding contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term webtoon comes from the composition of web and cartoon and it starts to be used in 2000. Based in some way on the popularity of paper comics in South Korea, Daum website launched a webtoon service in 2003 for the first time. This work analyses the peculiarities of the Korean webtoon, specifically its verticality, adapted especially to mobile phones, and its transmediality, which facilitates the adaptation of these comics to other formats such as movies, TV series, novels, games, animation, etcétera. A list of the numerous webtoon adaptations to various media is collected, as well as the more detailed explanation of one of the paradigmatic webtoon in Korea: Misaeng. Webtoon's brief history in the domestic market and its vigorous expansion to the global market since 2013 (encircled within the popular Korean wave Hallyu) are explained. The strategies of the major webtoon companies (Naver, Daum, Kakao, and Lezhin) are briefly shown. The near constant growth in all parameters studied shows the vitality of the webtoon industry already in the global market, also with numerous works available in Spanish language. By approaching webtoon's authors and readers we aim to get a little closer to the phenomenon of webtoon and its success, especially among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the sentences formed by a demonstrative pronoun and an adjective unid by a copulative verb (e. g. Eso es grave). So far, the approach to this type of sentence has been limited to their relation with forms ended in -mente. In this work we analize this phenomenon according to bases of the theory of relation between sentences and we take a corpus of current Spanish from social media. We prove that this type of sentences are involved in a Relation of Evaluation as a satelllites of other(s) sentence(s) that constitutes the nucleus of that relation. That relation are based on lingüistic signals like the indexical character of the demonstrative pronoun and specially because of the character of the adjective. Moreover, that type of relation can also acquire an argumentative dimension and the evaluation contained in the satellite sentence can be an argument or a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the uses of the Spanish indefinite pronoun uno, in a diaphasic oral corpus, which is organized by communicative situations ranging from formal monologues to colloquial conversations with family and friends. The description incorporates a basic distinction between the communicative and the thematic role of the sentences where the indefinite pronoun appears, as well as the pragmatic parameters of referential accessibility, interlocutivity and genericity, which allow observing the alternations with other pronouns in the communicative space of the discursive universe in the context of the conversation. The main results show a depersonalizationpersonalization operation linked to the interlocutory relationship that, in addition to the generic character traditionally assigned to the pronoun uno, allows describing an expressive and an appellative use, in a continuum of specificity-genericity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During academic exchanges, students are in contact with the linguistic landscape (LL). In this paper, we aimed to characterize the linguistic attitudes of Spanish as SL or FL students towards the linguistic taboo (LT). For that, we collected samples of tabooed signs detected inside the restrooms of a university. The data was used in surveys of students who were in face-to-face or online language immersion. With the samples collected, we describe the tabooed LL with which those who carried out the face-to-face exchange were in contact. The results of the surveys made it possible to investigate the students' knowledge of tabooed expressions in Spanish and, in addition, to characterize their linguistic attitudes towards LT. We conclude that the students, although they show a predisposed linguistic attitude to deal with LT, lack the communicative competence that would allow them to be competent users in relation to taboo expressions. Thus, this type of experience justifies the need to include the LT as part of the contents of the Spanish as a SL or FL class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to model plural nominal concordance errors for a Spanish corpus of four learners of Spanish as a foreign language: SONIA (level A1/A2), NATI (level B1), JAKO (level B2), MIRKA (level C1). In the framework of dynamical systems, it is postulated that "correct" and "incorrect" concordances constitute stable discrete attractors to which the continuous flow of the system converges in three simple simulation models: Lokta-Volterra, coordination game (evolutionary games theory), gradient ascent. As a result, the models better approximate the global error pattern than the session pattern. In the latter, the model based on Lokta-Volterra offers better performance for SONIA, NATI and JAKO. MIRKA obtains the worst performance in all the models, but its error decreases with the gradient ascent model. It is concluded that learning patterns are self-organized and emerge from the dynamics of concordance microsystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings up to discussion the idea of translation as a cognitive work which creates transitivity relations among linguistic codes. This phenomenon will be analyzed from a double perspective: the act of translating and the transmission by Lucretius of Epicureanism in Latin. So several aspects of theory of translation will be presented which have been used by the authors of this paper in their new Spanish translation of De rerum natura (2020). Moreover, it will be demonstrated how Lucretius developed meaningful semiotic chains in the Epicurean tradition and a linguistic theory in which words build a structure according to Nature's order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]