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This paper aims to analyze several specific forms of filmmaking very related to neoliberalism as an economic, political and cultural system, taking as reference the affective turn to explore this link. For this, it will be considered the different contributions that, from different fields of social sciences, have linked the evolution of capitalism with the conquest of the sphere of affections and emotions, and it will use the methodology of film analysis to verify, in a set of concrete works, the features of that relationship. From this intersection between theoretical proposals and case analysis, the article wants to show an expressive strategy based on the humanization of certain behaviors, through the cinematographic narrative, which normalizes some attitudes and values due to decisions which work on the construction of the story an the aesthetics of the work. This strategy will be verified in three very significant films: The Social Network, Steve Jobs and The Founder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branded content creation is seeing a surge in response to the gradual loss of effectiveness of conventional advertising. This paper analyzes the degree of suitability of the radio medium for the development of the branded content technique, in contrast to podcasting, from the perspective of professionals in both sectors. To this end, exploratory research is proposed, through a methodological triangulation. Specifically, open interviews are conducted with 6 managerial professionals linked to these media, which are completed with a survey of 50 professionals from the radio company and a content analysis of the advertising rates in force in 2023 of the 31 generalist and thematic stations included in the General Media Study. The research shows that, at a formal level, despite the obstacles experienced in terms of the commercialization of the technique, radio is a valid medium for branded content and that the prestige provided by certain stations, their audience and expertise, in terms of the production of journalistic products, provide added value to the brand. However, considering the tactical nature of the medium, depending on the objectives and results pursued by the brand, podcasting may be the most appropriate spoken sound medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective power of digital audiences, fragmented and multiplatform, produces a discrepancy between what the media offer as most relevant in their agenda and what the public prefers to consume or share. A ‘news coverage gap’ that is analysed in this paper applied to the case of the Ukrainian war in the international press. For this purpose, the news highlighted on the frong page, the most read by the web audience and the most shared by Twitter/X users of the digital editions of El País (Spain), Público (Portugal), The Guardian (UK) and The New York Times (US) is collected for four weeks of 2022. The initial sample (N=1680) forms a final useful sample (N=259) on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to which a content analysis is applied around four categories: journalistic narrative, multimedia, interactivity and tabloidization treatment. The main results show that three of the four media dedicate less than 25% of their front page to the Ukrainian war. A breaking news coverage, augmented by ‘hook’ headlines, which decreases as time goes by and which barely finds interest in the audience, with consumption and dissemination rates between 10% and 3%. This disparity between the most relevant journalistic selection and the preferences of the public reflects an audience that disregards the criteria of journalistic relevance and media that fail to capture their interest or attention regarding the coverage of the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Brain metastases are the most common malignant lesions in the central nervous system. Brain metastases from pancreatic cancer are very rare, with poor prognosis. The present paper aims to describe a rare pathology and the work carried out for the patient's care. Case report: 49-year-old man with personality changes, depression, and apathy. Five days before admission, he presented dysarthria, added left hemiparesis, and disorientation that progressed to sudden neurological deterioration that required advanced airway management. A computed tomography study was seen with cerebral cystic lesions. A decompressive craniectomy and drainage of the larger lesion was performed, with subsequent resection. The study protocol with immunohistochemistry reports CK 19, compatible with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: A rare case of multiple brain metastases and suspected lung metastasis, both secondary to primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma was presented. The patient began with symptoms associated with brain lesions. The incidence of brain metastases with a primary pancreatic tumor is very low, and this is an exceptional case when presenting with neurological symptoms. Surgical resection of the brain lesion had a limited role in the clinical improvement of the patient since the progression of the disease was rapid. Still, it was useful to establish a diagnosis by immunohistochemistry. Since there are no screening tests for pancreatic tumors, it is difficult to identify them in early stages and without gastrointestinal symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty years after the beginning of the transition in Argentina and 50 years after the Chilean coup d'état, this article analyzes the sexual violence against women implemented in clandestine detention centers (CDCs) as political, terrorist, and genocidal violence. Through a qualitative approach to the testimonies of former political prisoners, this paper aims to understand sexual violence against women in the experiences of concentration camps as a specific form of violence within the framework of conservative reconstructions of the civil-military dictatorships in Argentina and Chile. This violence, which was a total patriarchal act, not only sought to punish and discipline “deviant” female militants, but also to harm militant men. Likewise, it was established as a permanent threat against female detainees and a way of suppressing change and subjective, cultural, and social subversions, which, in parallel or as part of the political experience, developed in the countries of the Latin American Southern Cone. It is argued that sexual violence is a form of terrorism and genocide, since it projects terror into a specific group of the population and seeks to annul the possibility of being a woman when she breaks with the sacralized mandates of the patriarchal order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to test the hypothesis that Banco de México defines its monetary interest rate policy based on other variables, far from the interest rate, going against the principles of the Taylor´s rule. An econometric study with Acyclic Directed Graphs (GDA) is proposed, which according to the bibliographic review would be a pioneering application in the object of this study, to measure causal relationships on various variables. The data was obtained from Banco de México and INEGI. The results reveal that the definition of the reference rate in Mexico is likely to follow the guidelines of the Federal Reserve in the United States, mostly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic and social impact of federal tourism policy on the six Magical Towns in the State of Veracruz during a decade. Using an descriptive, quantitative approach, it contrasts the evolution of human development indexes, welfare conditions, the degree of marginalization and the tourism GDP of the Magical Towns. Findings point to differentiated results. Coatepec and Orizaba report high development and welfare indexes and low marginalization, while tourism does not even represent 5% of their economic activity. However, Xico, Coscomatepec, Papantla and Zozocolco show a high dependence on tourism activity, ranging between 12% and 20%. In conclusion, the magical towns program requires the inclusion of efficiency criteria: the achievement of social welfare objectives implies that resources should be channeled to municipalities with greater socioeconomic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper seeks to contribute to the investigation of the conceptual changes that took place in communication studies in Argentina between 1970 and 1990, based on the survey of the writings of three authors linked – more or less formally – to this field of study during that period: Margarita Graziano, Alcira Argumedo and Beatriz Sarlo. The two questions that guided the research were: Did conceptual changes occur in the intellectual productions of these three authors between 1970 and 1990? Why did these conceptual “shifts” occur in the period considered?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether delusions of thought insertion constitute a counterexample against the so-called principle of immunity to error through misidentification. After distinguishing different formulations of the principle in the literature, we suggest that thought insertion does not undermine it. After, we clarify the concept of psychological self-adscription in its use relative to first-person pronouns in the context of the debate about the relationship between thought insertion and immunity to error through misidentification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyses the constitutional thought of Emilio Rabasa in relation to federalism. Although Rabasa is known for having been a critic of the 1857 constitution and its unicameral federalism, this paper casts Rabasa as a defender of a kind of federalism that was favorable to the sovereignty of the states, as opposed to the power of the central government. Rabasa supported this argument in two ways: on the one hand the states should be reorganized to achieve the ideal of “executive governments” and on the other the excessive powers of intervention of the three branches of the federal government over the states had to be curtailed. These two dynamics impeded or hindered, according to Rabasa, the necessary political learning that gave life to federalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argentina. General Archive of the Nation. Written Documents Department. Argentine Confederation. Ministry of War and Navy. 58-1-1. Paper. [Part of the map of the Chaco that by order, and under the direction of the General Command is being drawn up by the engineer attached to the E.M. of the latter.] Undated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with a growing problem due to environmental problems in the state of Michoacán and the irrational use of water, "Economic value of externalities in uncertainty and development in the central region of the Tacámbaro river basin" constitutes a paper that has the objective to estimate through fuzzy logic the Willingness to Pay of the users of the central region of the Tacámbaro River to carry out actions that allow increasing the flow of the river and avoiding its contamination. As well as specifying the socioeconomic value of externalities and the impacts that are generated in the regional development of the municipality due to the decrease of water in the basin. Information of great importance for the establishment of management actions for the Tacámbaro river basin in particular and for another body of water in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the factors that enable or hinder the use of sustainable modes of travel for work or study in a low-income area in southern Bogotá. The results, based on quantitative and qualitative material, show that the residents of this area mostly travel using sustainable modes and reveal how informal transportation facilitates daily bicycle use. In contrast, insecurity, invasion of public space, inadequate infrastructure, cost of travel, and rules regulating the use of public transport appear to be barriers. This suggests that urban mobility policies and projects in Bogotá overlook some realities faced by the inhabitants of the city's margins, thus hampering the further development of sustainable mobility practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michel Foucault establishes a form and style of work that allow him to create specific artifacts of thought. The Frenchman's thought opens up possibilities of singular approaches to certain problems arising in the interstices of history, the archive, the heterogeneity of spaces, discursive elements and power. In this paper I raise the possibility of a narrative journey that accounts for some implications and consequences of the creation of objects of research in Foucault's writing, pointing out a path of creation within his stylistic form of proposition of method, as well as its scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeterminacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a neutrosophic study on attitudes towards virtual technology, with a special focus on the "Experience Machine". Employing a methodology that incorporates the theory of indecision and neutrality into response analysis, the perceptions of 50 university students were investigated. Opinions and feelings were transformed into neutrosophic numbers to calculate contradiction and conduct a detailed analysis. The results indicate a predisposition towards agreement with virtual technology, although notable indecision and a significant presence of neutral attitudes were detected. The correlations and clustering methods applied reveal a complex dynamic of attitudes, challenging binary interpretations and highlighting the need for more nuanced strategies. This neutrosophic approach offers new perspectives for the development and marketing of innovative technologies, recognizing the diversity of emotions and opinions in user responses to emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having adequate housing is a basic requirement for social integration. However, residential exclusion is a permanent risk in our society for many groups and with very heterogeneous social profiles. The Observatory of Social Exclusion of the University of Murcia has developed its own methodology in the five recounts-survey carried out in the municipalities of Cartagena and Murcia in recent years. This paper presents this methodology, providing the social profile of the 824 people in residential exclusion, captured in the recounts-survey carried out in February 2023 in Murcia. It also offers the results of graduating the situation of the people surveyed, adopting a multidimensional approach, into four social spaces: Inclusion, Vulnerability, Moderate Exclusion and Severe Exclusion. The principal component analysis carried out confirms that in the processes of residential exclusion the accumulated risks in the dimensions of income and socio-family relations are determinant, adding in the Spanish population the health dimension and in foreigners the education dimension, showing significant differences according to nationality, although not of gender. These results are complemented by the proposals of the professionals involved in social intervention with this group, who participated in the discussion groups and interviews carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art and a series of reflections on the contributions of digital games in the educational development processes of local authorities. To this end, an exhaustive review was initially carried out, focusing on research works, publications and congresses carried out on the subject. We also proceeded through a web search, using google and webs of associations and research groups to find and analyse digital recreational applications (video games, serious games, gamified apps, etc.) developed to spread local entities and disseminate their culture, traditions, experiences of the population, etc. It was used as a methodology for content analysis through the adaptation of guides proposed in previous studies to evaluate fundamental aspects for the achievement of the objectives of each game. Based on the analyses, the discourse focuses on describing the reality and, on that basis, making suggestions and recommendations, with the aim of providing strategies that contribute to the use of this type of resources as tools for socio-educational development in municipal contexts and guiding the decision-making process of the different agents for their selection and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario ruled by governance, the digital transformation of education is woven through the participation of multiple actors. Recent academic literature deals with the study of state, regional or private policies. However, municipal policies are also an element of great interest for illustrating micro-political processes, making it possible to develop situated work. Based on this premise, this paper studies the case of a municipality in the province of València that for the last decade has been implementing an initiative to provide digital devices to 5th grade students in its four schools. Using a qualitative approach, a field study is carried out by means of interviews with teachers and classroom observations, in which this initiative is investigated, delving into the difficulties and challenges it entails. The main results show that local councils are key bodies in promoting the digitalisation of schools, and that municipal policies reflect the trends in the transformation of education that govern the macro-political level. In conclusion, it can be seen that the municipal context is driving changes in classroom work, posing important challenges for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of inhaled anesthesia has its origins in the soporiferous sponge. It was in the 19th century with the discovery of nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform that began a new era that redirected the anesthesiology and surgery. In Mexico, inhaled anesthesia with ether and chloroform was introduced in the XIX century during the United States War of Intervention, when doctors from both armies used it for the first time in military surgery and later in the practice of civilian medicine. Scientific publications in our country related to this new knowledge were non-existent and the little written was limited to small inserts in local newspapers. Dr. Ramón Alfaro, member of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, published in 1852 in the corporation’s journal one of the first scientific articles known in our country related to the practice to anesthesia with chloroform. Dr. Antonio Sánchez Meneses was a distinguished Mexican anesthesiologist and medical historian, who dedicated himself to researching the history of anesthesiology, especially inhaled anesthesia in Mexico. The aim of this paper is to make a brief description of the history of inhaled anesthesia, its main protagonists and its incorporation in Mexico, but especially to honor the memory of doctors Ramón Alfaro and Antonio Sánchez Meneses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper examines the open legal primary rule in Chile for the selection of the presidential candidate, established in 2012 through Law 20640. This rule contains elements shared with similar legislation in the region as well as specific characteristics. Methodology: Through a case study, we will investigate the results and consequences of the application of primaries on the three occasions they were implemented (2013, 2017, and 2021). We will review the formal changes adopted and the political events that occurred in the interim, considering the main variables that typically intervene in electoral events of this nature, drawn from the existing debate and literature. Conclusions: The case of Chile shows that the combination of an open legal primary system with voluntary internal voting, incomplete simultaneity, and the absence of stable political groupings produces effects that do not align with either the general aspirations for the implementation of primaries or the theoretical purposes outlined by the ideologists of Chilean legislation. Originality: This study contributes to the emerging literature addressing open legal primaries in their dual aspect, both as a nomination mechanism and as an electoral rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of tolerance and recognition of the other in the text of the peace agreement signed between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-FARC-EP People's Army, and its implication in the success of the Agreement and the construction of a stable and lasting peace. As early as, a documentary review and using the hermeneutic method, philosophical texts that address the concept of tolerance and recognition of the other were reviewed, to then enter into dialogue with the text of the Final Agreement. It is concluded that the final Agreement expressly emphasizes tolerance, but not recognition of the other; however, there are relevant aspects in the text of the Agreement such as forgiveness and reconciliation that require going beyond tolerant acts, especially when is going to implement a Peace Agreement to end an armed conflict, where negative feelings are involved that make it difficult to advance in national reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the complex semantic aspects of "Transmodernity" by Enrique Dussel and "New Cultural Mixing" by Juan Carlos Scannone within the context of how Christianity's liberating philosophical framework contributes to the idea of "universality". This reconstruction delineates a analysis of the reconfiguration offered by these two authors concerning notion of "universality", on the basis of the relationship between European Modernity and Euro-North American Postmodernity, the differentiated processes of Latin American modernization and Nuestroamerican tradition's plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960s, Foucault conducted his historical-philosophical research under the methodological name of archaeology, using this term to refer to the study of the historical conditions of possibility that allowed for the emergence of various knowledges and institutions. In his book The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, published in 1966, Foucault focused his descriptive work on the different epochs of thought around the concepts of episteme and historical a priori, both of which were abandoned at least in the Foucauldian vocabulary of the following decade when Foucault began to describe his intellectual work as genealogy. In the intellectual field in Argentina, the reception and circulation of Foucault's work varied greatly from the 1950s to the present day. In recent years, archaeological categories have been used to think about both intellectual history and the diagnosis of contemporary society. In this paper, we will present two updates of Foucault's episteme to think about the tensions between knowledge and politics: the era of "The Forms" by Elías Palti and the postmodern episteme by Pablo Manolo Rodríguez, showing how both expressions reformulate the conceptual apparatus used by Foucault to think about an archaeology of the political in the case of the former, and the historical emergence of cybernetics by analyzing the epistemic changes made in the last fifty years in the case of the latter author. For this task, we will show what is retained from the Foucauldian gesture but also to what extent Argentine authors distance themselves from the thinker from Poitiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a critical reflection on the cultural protocols present in the conception of artificial intelligence (AI) and its link with poetic writing based on the work Soy una máquina y no puedo olvidar (2017) by Martín Rangel. On the one hand, the work highlights the anthropocentric conception with which the 'creative' possibility of machines has been objectified and their role as an 'assistant' in the creation of an 'augmented humanity', a concept explored by the French philosopher, Eric Sadin. On the other hand, the work proposes a temporal gap between the expectation of immediacy in digital tools and the standards of human temporality in the writing process. Within this framework, Rangel's work allows for the development of an elucidation that creates a tension between the common view of the relationships between AI and poetry through fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the role of Latin American e-lit anthologies in the platformization of culture? This paper compares such anthologies with the dominant platform model as a characteristic mode of production in the digital medium. Since e-lit is a fertile liminal field for rethinking categories of literary criticism, the hypothesis is that it illustrates the oscillation between two poles of digital content: 'capturability' and 'overflow', poles whose aesthetic and political implications are paradoxical. The digital cultural field may be effectively created at the interfaces, or, alternatively, in the interfaces, so the aim is to offer a tentative response to two related questions: what are the challenges for literary criticism in this scenario; and what are the differences between a) fully integrated or convergent productions as normalized digital content in the context of online platforms; and b) those that exceed the limits of standardization due to other dynamics of indexation and distribution. We introduce the proposition of a forensic aesthetics as a form of accessing the field and interfaces as a key subject. Interfaces are discussed through the contrast between a standardizing 'container model' and the indexing operation of artworks that transcend the logics of 'content', like those selected by Latin American e-lit anthologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the poetry of Colombian poet Piedad Bonnett (born in Amalfi, 1951) from the figurations of impermanence, viewing it as semiotic mediation towards the profound structures of the lyrical universe. Based on the distinction made by Christine Buci-Glucksmann (2006) between a melancholic and a positive ephemeral, the study intends to highlight the predominance of textual signs that convey a painful vision of impermanence in Bonnett’s poetry. This involves the meditation on the temporality of existence from an allegorization of the fleeting, on the one hand, and a certain corporealist intuition of time, on the other. The analysis ends by examining the conditioning factors that can justify such an approach towards the transitory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemological debate is an inherent part of Geography, given the constant lack of definition and noted absence of unity within the discipline. Epistemological reflection not only shapes Geography's identity, but also enables it to establish its position as an independent academic field. However, in Spain, epistemological reflection in Geography has been weak. In recent years, its significance appears to be diminishing, with researchers and professors showing less concern for matters related to geographical thought, and a reduced emphasis on these topics in university education. This paper examines the content of Geography theory in Spanish university programs and assesses the epistemological discourse among Spanish geographers in academic discussions and publications. The findings indicate a regressive trend, both in the teaching of the theory of Geography and in the contributions to epistemology within academic discussions and media. This trend poses a risk to the ongoing processes of updating teaching staff and curricula in Spanish Geography. It could lead to the fragmentation of the discipline into numerous subfields, each with different theories and methods, lacking a cohesive theoretical framework. It is crucial to propose new avenues for accommodating this epistemological reflection and integrating it into university teaching. There is interest among Spanish geographers, but this interest lacks a platform in the preferred channels for publishing and disseminating academic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychosocial intervention program described in the present paper is implemented in five modules. The general objective is to provide an initial protocol in the procedure of psychosocial interventions to prevent alcoholism in adolescents through the empowerment of new social representations of its consumption. This proposal resides in a multi-methodological strategy, starting from the Historical-cultural approach, specifically from the social situation of development as a category. The epistemological platform is expected to facilitate a valuable methodology to prevent alcoholism in adolescents. Systematizing said prevention process will aim at setting the course for a theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a critical analysis of Law 20.393, which regulates the criminal liability of legal persons in Chile, with special emphasis on those aspects in which the national legislator was innovative in relation to the Italian legislation used as the main inspiring model, weighing the sense of each of them in the light of the discussion on these elements in comparative law. In this sense, the reflections are especially focused on the weighting of the relevance and scope of three important modifications: the unification of the regime of attribution of liability whether a subject acts in a superior position or one in a subordinate position; the omission of the inclusion of the requirement of fraudulent circumvention of the preventive rule; and the certification as a mechanism of preventive suitability of the model recognized by international regulations as useful for the accreditation of a serious and efficient self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to be a contribution to the discussion of the so-called "communicability problem", by stating that there is no such problem that can be solved in a sole way for all types of criminal intervention. The analysis will focus on the accessory intervention of the figures of incitement and complicity, beginning with (1) a proposal for understanding both figures as forms of imputation of an auxiliary conduct to the main conduct of the perpetrator. Subsequently, (2) the structure of the so-called "improper special offences" will be analyzed, focusing on the distinction between offence and punishable act. From this distinction, the discussion on the communicability of personal circumstances to extranei participants will be reviewed from the understanding of the imputation structure of participation as an accessory conduct. To this end, (3) the main arguments against the immutability of a punishable act qualified by personal elements to extranei will be presented (4) by focusing on the interpretative controversy that has arisen around article 64 of the Chilean Penal Code. After presenting a proposal for interpretation that distinguishes between circumstances modifying the penalty and elements modifying the wrongful act, (5) this thesis will be contrasted with the proposals that favor the so-called "limited communicability" that defend the "rupture of the imputation title" for cases of punishable acts qualified by personal elements. (6) It will conclude with a brief outline of what should be the solution in cases of principal intervention in a punishable act, namely, the intervention of extranei indirect perpetration and coperpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution analyzes the role of norms contained in individual administrative acts to determining the content of criminal wrongdoing. The reference to administrative acts raises a series of questions regarding the role of these norms in the configuration of the criminal offense and the extent to which the criminal norm can be determined by the content of said administrative act. This problem cannot be adequately addressed without a reflection on the way in which criminal law interacts with norms and evaluations from other areas of the legal system. Based on a critical analysis of these arguments, this paper provides an alternative explanation regarding the basis and scope of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an analysis of the role played by trust relationships and the agent's position in the definition of unjust conduct regarding the crime of disloyal administration in art. 470 N°. 11 Chilean Penal Code. To that effect, the paper critically analyzes dogmatic discourses of national criminal literature and proposes an autonomous reading of the elements of the crime at national level. It is therefore concluded that the incorporation of the general clause “to be in charge” provides a specific and novel content that, interpreted in the form of “responsibility as a role”, introduces the requirement of a normative status. In other words, the crime is not based on the violation of norms of conduct with open or common recipients that refer to the generic role of citizen but rather on specific and institutional norms that refer to the special status of the person in relation to the legal good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractivist archaeological practices have been carried out in the Atacama Lickanantay territory, Antofagasta region, northern Chile, ever since the 19th century, excluding or denying the voice and/or participation of members of the local indigenous community. However, the beginning of the 21st century saw a change in this sense bringing new experiences of collaboration between Atacameños and archaeologists. Our goal is to reflect on the definitions and applications of collaborative methodologies in archaeological projects, through discussion focusing on the global, through the national and finally the local, from where we approach a particular collaborative project. The research, conducted between early 2021 and mid 2024, studies the history of the collection and patrimonialization of indigenous bodies in the Atacameño Lickanantay territory, and socializes this information among the local communities. Based on this work, we conclude that all research in the territory must involve and be authorized by the Atacameño communities. Also, we consider that the Atacameños should stop being the object of research and instead become researchers who lead or collaborate in the studies within their communities and in their territory. The originality of this paper lies precisely in the fact that it brings a global discussion of contemporary archaeology to a concrete case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of the loss of insect diversity in the world and Mexico, to make it evident and know the consequences that may arise from this situation, as well as the main causes that cause it, with specific examples based on personal experiences. Finally, some suggestions are provided that could help reduce this problem, several of them are derived from the references consulted and others are proposed for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to honor Dr. Gabriela Castaño-Meneses for her remarkable scientific career, which has served as an enduring wellspring of inspiration for the members of the Laboratory of Arthropod Ecology in Extreme Environments. Throughout her professional journey, Dr. Castaño-Meneses has delved into the exploration of arthropod ecology and taxonomy, distinguishing herself particularly in the study of springtails, mites, and ants. Her research has traversed a broad spectrum of habitats, ranging from soil ecosystems to tree canopies, encompassing cave-dwelling and aquatic environments. Her contributions extend nationally and internationally, enriching our comprehension of ecological processes which can promote efforts in biodiversity conservation amidst the challenges posed by climate change and habitat loss. Beyond her scholarly achievements, Dr. Castaño-Meneses stands out as an emblematic reference in our lives, transcending her profound humanity throughout our tenure in her laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the presidential systems of Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Uruguay, covering the period between 1989 and 2022, with the aim of examining the factors that motivate a person in the head of a ministry to seek the presidential candidacy. The central argument holds that both the incumbent president and the political parties have the purpose of taking advantage of a person's passage through a Cabinet of State to boost his or her presidential candidacy within the political organization. The selected cases are justified due to the existence of historical moments in which ministers have left their posts to compete for the presidency in these countries. The methodology employed in this study follows a multimethod logic. First, quantitative logistic regression analysis is used, followed by qualitative press analysis of ministers' careers to support the theoretical argument. The most notable results highlight that having a political profile, being a member of the president's political party and having held a political ministry are influential factors when running in presidential elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to demonstrate how the artworks in the exhibition "Madres plantas y mujeres luchadoras. Visiones desde Cantagallo", created by the Shipibo artists of the Non Shinanbo collective, constitute a testimonial record that evidences the strategies that emerged within Cantagallo, an urban indigenous community, in the context of the measures taken by the Peruvian State during the first stage of the Covid-19 pandemic. Through the "reading" and analysis of a selection of artworks and based on interviews with the artists, it will be illustrated how their work creates an effective testimony that emphasizes the empowerment of the women in the community, the significance of the bonds of solidarity within the community and the relevance of Shipibo traditional knowledge, which is open to heterogeneous elements, thus evidencing its modernity and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to assess and improve the impact on reading students' comprehension due to an intervention in two curricular modules, Teorías pedagógicas and Lengua at Teacher's Training of an Instituto de Formación Docente (IFD) in Uruguay. The framework on these studies is based on Academic Literacy, which encompasses the teaching practices needed for reading specialized texts. The method used to quantify changes on reading students' comprehension is a pretest and posttest strategy without control group. Before and after the intervention a reading comprehension test is applied. The results show a statistically significant difference in the mean between the pre and posttest (the difference of 1 and p value equal to 0.003). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted which is that the intervention produced change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose a sentencing model with a gender perspective for judges, which contributes to guaranteeing the application of women's human rights and reducing errors in sentences, such as: revictimization, poor access to justice, discrimination, as well as gender stereotypes or prejudices that can affect judicial reasoning. The methodological design of this study is based on the qualitative paradigm based on the data collection technique and a descriptive legal content analysis of specialized guidelines in the doctrinal and normative field, as well as thirty sentences for gender-based crimes in the period 2020-2023 issued by the Judicial Branch of the State of Michoacán. As a result, a guide or model of sentencing in criminal matters is proposed so that judges can identify and apply it in cases where gender violence has been proven, this will make it possible to have a more precise and solid judgment in its argumentation, as well as to meet the main criteria for the protection of women's human rights before the corpus iuris of law on the matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to trace some lines of understanding of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. To do so, it employs tools from Greek mythology—in the form of the goddesses Themis and Dike—to provide minimal explanations for the onset of resentment and indignation that fuel robust processes of violence and revenge. Employing the hypothetical-deductive method, the paper advances by proposing honor as a structuring element of the social status within Arab families, and ethics as the Jewish worldview of life, supported by rituals that seek purity (kashrut). The study also innovates by presenting an initial proposal for the peace process between Israel and Palestine based on the system of total exchanges, referred to as potlatch by Marcel Mauss (2016, ebook), aiming to bridge fractures and develop an ethos of trust and overcoming pain, towards a progressive agenda of dialogue and mutual concessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on locating the career and contributions made by María Bertely Busquets to the historical research on the Mexican education field to highlight a facet of her intellectual activity that was little known but very important to her. The edition of La División es nuestra fuerza. Escuela, Estado-nación y poder étnico en un pueblo migrante de Oaxaca, her great posthumous work, constitutes the axis of the account of her participation and contributions to the education historiography in the country. But, in addition, it serves to situate a prolonged constructive process preceded by approaches to the history and historicization of the culture of the school and its agents from ethnographic practice, which then gives way to the deepening and development of the anthropological-historical method that deploys in the work. As a final reflection, the importance of bringing together the works and promoting intellectual exchange between anthropologists and historians of education is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of the different cardiology medical residencies in Latin America. Method: Cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the characteristics of cardiology residencies in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, through self-administered electronic surveys. Results: Three hundred seven residents of 147 residences were surveyed. Mean age was 31 years and 63% were male. Ninety eight percent carry out their training in the capital city. The average total training time is 4.8 years. Forty four percent complete their residency in internal medicine prior to starting cardiology, and 10% have no prior training. In cardiology training is 3 years in most countries. Fifty four percent present academic activities every day and 16% only once or less, consisting of theoretical classes (93%), clinical cases (85%), bibliographic workshops (69%), and writing scientific papers (68%). Supervision is carried out by the chief resident (45%), resident coordinator (44%), resident instructor (27%) or the department head (54%), while 2.6% do not present supervision. The main rotations were echocardiography (99%), hemodynamics (96%), coronary unit (93%), and electrophysiology (92%). Residents highlighted the need to improve academic activities (23%) and scientific production (12%). Conclusions: There are important differences in the academic and practical training between the residences of the different countries of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Mexico's productive and commercial integration from 1995 to 2018. It offers a framework to understand how the sectors of the Mexican economy are integrated into global value chains (gvc). The methodology developed by Wang, Wei, Yu, and Zhu (2017a and 2017b) is applied to the interregional input-output matrices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (oecd). With this, two questions are answered: 1) What percentage of production factors used in Mexican sectors have been involved in activities of segmented production or gvc between countries? And 2) what percentage of final products produced by sectors in Mexico come from gvc activities? The results indicate that the sectors of the Mexican economy have higher participation indexes in backward linkages, which shows a higher share of imported intermediate inputs, compared to their respective participation indexes in forward linkages. The latter represents inputs from the country in exports and production of goods from third countries. Additionally, the results indicate that any policy design aimed at promoting specific activities should take into account the increasing integration of countries and their sectors gvc on a global scale, regardless of their level of development. This fact may limit the options for further integrating activities related to gvc with domestic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes empirically the existence of the credit channel of monetary policy in Mexico, that is, the relationship between changes in the target interest rate and variations in credit granted by commercial banks. The study combines aggregate information with data from the individual balance sheets of commercial banks and conducts a panel data regression analysis. The analysis is performed for total credit and its components (business, consumer, and mortgage). Additionally, by using banks' accounting information, it explores whether the transmission mechanism occurs on the supply side. It is found that there is a negative and economically significant relationship between interest rate and credit, and such a relationship is established for different types of credit. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the transmission mechanism operates on the supply side, as banks with more robust balance sheets exhibit greater resilience to changes in the interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the central decades of the 19th century, Spain developed a banking system based on plurality of issuance. Various banks were authorized by the state to circulate their banknotes in their respective provinces. This process gave rise to a mosaic of issuing banks. Their existence facilitated the acceptance of banknotes, at the same time as these banks provided means of payment in the territories in which they operated. The effects were important both for the spread of the banknote and for the economy. This paper summarizes the Spanish issuing experience, which was affected by the crisis of 1866 and ended in 1874 with the issuing monopoly in the hands of the Banco de España. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While specialized literature has discussed the conditions necessary for economic development, such as the role of institutional frameworks, the implementation of an entrepreneurial state and national innovation systems or industrial policies and the creation of markets, less attention has been given to the role of energy and its relationship with the performance of industrial enterprises. This paper analyzes the links between the energy system and industrial policy in Argentina, revealing that the segmentation led to industry paying more for energy than residential users, although well below full cost, resulting in a transfer of tax revenues to industrial businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses mood selection in evaluative noun clauses introduced by the neutral article lo. There exist mutually exclusive theories: while certain authors speculate that mood has an impact on an informative level, according to others the subordinate clause of these syntactic constructions always represents rhematic information, regardless of the mood of their verb. To discover which of these speculations is valid, we analysed 4222 cases in the Corpes XXI and determined the frequency with which indicative and subjunctive appear with different verbs and adjectives in the syntactic structures considered. Data demonstrate that either one mood or another is increasingly used in an exclusive way in conformity with the semantic and frequency of the adjective or verb that induces it. This observation not only is solely compatible with the exclusive rhematic value of the subordinate clause, but also with the other secondary theories on the structures here considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this communication is to identify, to describe the process of building a public policy agenda that involves men in the construction of equality with women, and to recognize the perception of those who participated in it. It conceived the process as an organization with its own dynamics. A descriptive research about ethnographic approach involved recovery of documentary information of the process, interviews with participants in the construction of the agenda and a workshop. Results are presented in a timeline involved papers to prepare work meetings; profiles of potential participants were identified, the work to be developed was outlined and the respective call for in-person and virtual meetings was issued. Participants in the work meetings discussed contents of the agenda and political impact, the requirements to continue the process and the formation of specialized working groups. Elements such as uncertainty, the breaking of agreements and their fixed, the (mis)knowledge of what public policy among others, intervened in the process. As a conclusion, the lessons that emerge from this process are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between China's maritime security policy and territorial disputes in the gray zone in the South China Sea. The study examines this relationship through the strategy and means of Chinese maritime security policy, aiming to clarify the factors that influenced this policy to drag its territorial disputes into the gray zone. The article argues that the rivalries between countries in the region fostered by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) operated as an external pressure on China. Furthermore, geopolitical factors and the perception of the Chinese ruling elite have contributed to considering the UNCLOS as a threat to China's maritime interests in the South China Sea. Consequently, the Chinese maritime security policy seeks to shift the status quo in the region to establish China as a hegemonic regional power with its sphere of influence while avoiding an open war with its neighbors and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]