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As one of the most important staple crops in China,wheat production target both high yield and high quality is very essential to simultaneously meeting the demands for food security and life quality. It has been found that both contents of key chemicals and processing quality vary greatly within different layers of wheat kernels. This provides a potential approach to achieve both high-yield and high-quality of wheat. In this paper,we detailly reviewed the spatial distributions of protein and its components,starch,dietary fiber and microelements. We further discussed the underlying mechanisms on the formation of protein and starch spatial distribution in the views of supply of substrate and synthetic capacity of protein and starch. The paper also summarized the regulation effects of cultivation practices on quality spatial distribution. Finally,we proposed the breakthrough solutions for exploring the underlying mechanisms on quality spatial distribution. This paper will provide research views for achieving the production of wheat with both high yield and high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the suitable straw returning methods for grain production in the Zitong River Basin. [Method] The impacts of straw non-returning (BR), straw mulching (FR), straw burying (MR) and straw heap back to field (DR) on soil fertility and grain production were investigated. [Result] Total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic matter contents treated with FR, MR and DR increased by 18. 6 -38. 2 mg/kg, 5. 6 - 6 . 5 mg/kg, 0. 6 -2. 3 g/kg compared to BR treatment, respectively. The yield of rice, wheat, reap and corn increased by (1. 1 - 1. 3) x 10³, (0. 7 - 0. 8) x 10³, (0. 3 - 0. 5) x 10³, (0. 7 - 1. 0) x 10³ kg/hm², respectively. Returning straw to the field has significant effects on soil nutrients and grain yield. The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic matter in DR treatment were significantly higher than FR and MR treatment, and the yield was slightly higher than FR and MR treatment. Rice, rape and corn all achieved the greatest economic benefits under DR treatment, with an average increase of 15. 6%, 27. 2%, 32. 1% compared with FR and MR, respectively. That of wheat on FR and FR was the same, 26. 7% higher than MR treatment. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis of the effect of soil fertility in the cultivated, grain yield and economic benefits, heap back to field is more conducive to the fertilization and grain production of the rice, rape and corn fields in the Zitong River Basin, and the straw mulching and heap back to field are both beneficial to the small grain production in the wheat field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, taken ‘Gangyou725' as a control, the field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different combination of plant density, N rate and N application pattern on grain yield and rice quality of high-quality hybrid rice ‘Yixiang4245'. The results showed that the grain yield and rice quality of hybrid mid-season rice was not significantly affected by N application patterns. The chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylase of ‘Yixiang4245' were significantly lower than that of ‘Gangyou725', while the differences between 'Yixiang4245' and ‘Gangyou725' in grain yield, brown rice percentage, milled rice percentage and head rice percentage were relatively small, and the gel consistency of ‘Yixiang4245' was significantly higher than that of ‘Gangyou725'. Significant differences of grain yields of ‘Yixiang4245' were observed among different combinations of plant densities and N application rates，of which the highest yield of ‘Yixiang4245' was observed in combination of mid-density and mid-N rate, with average of 7. 96 t・hm-2, 5.2% higher than that of combination of high-density and low-N rate and 6.9% than that of combination of low-density and high-N rate. The rice quality of ‘Yixiang4245' was not significantly affected by combinations of plant density and N rate. In a word, it was concluded that increasing grain yield and rice quality of ‘Yixiang4245' could be achieved under the combination of mid-density and mid-N rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]