Search

This paper is product of a hermeneutic-documentary exploration, which aims to specify the work of the university and university teaching in the current context. To achieve this end, the historical-conceptual origins of the university are indicated, marked by ecclesiastical influences, but which, with their development, gave space to increasingly broader knowledge, gaining the legitimacy of society, manifesting an autonomous structure, independent of the power of the State, the church and private enterprise. However, in recent times, the constraints of global society have distanced the university from its relationship with the community, locating it in utilitarian dimensions, for which it is required to rescue its primary sense, of a university focused on the progress of science and in the resolution of social conflicts. However, this is only possible to achieve with effective university teaching, challenging, promoting critical thinking, democratic and committed to citizen education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to consider the ontological status of fictional objects by confronting two traditions: the Philosophy of language and New Realism. According to a widespread philosophical tradition, intentional objects do not exist; however, negative existential statements pose many challenges to logic, most of them condensed in the expression: Plato's beard, so efforts are required to understand the problem. To conduct this consideration, we begin by mentioning Pegasus, as an example of a fictional object, and we show the ordinary difficulties raised by asking about its existence, even more, by denying its existence. Subsequently, we indicate how the problem acquired a philosophical dimension. Next, some works of two philosophers belonging to the analytic current are explored: Quine and Searle, who respond to the problem of the non-existence of fictional objects or discourse; in turn, in the following section, two perspectives coming from the New Realism are presented, represented by Benoist and Gabriel, who place the discussion in the ontological terrain and confront the problem without eluding it in questions about language. The main result of this work consists in rethinking the concept of existence and extending its consequences to epistemological and ontological discussions in the human sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the main ideas of Hannah Arendt's moral philosophy in the texts Some questions of moral philosophy, Thinking and Moral Considerations, Eichmann in Jerusalem, The Life of the Mind and Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy. In the first place, the characterization of the moral collapse that occurred in the context of totalitarianism is exposed, then Arendt's appreciations about the moral discernment criteria of Socrates, Plato, Kant, etc., its links with the faculty of will, and its references to the loss of self as a widespread phenomenon in society are examined. Finally, the meaning of the faculty of judgment is evaluated and the value of exemplarity in contemporary ethics is based. This paper presents the conclusions of the first stage of the research project whose question is: How can Arendtian ideas about exemplary validity as a criterion of moral discernment contribute to the consolidation of ethical positions that respond to the existential situation of contemporary man? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the consequences of the covid pandemic on the teaching-learning process in the teaching of philosophy in higher education. The consequence of the pandemic altered the way of teaching, resorting to virtuality. The question arises: are physical contexts necessary to successfully carry out the teaching-learning process? To answer this question, a comparative analysis is used, taking into consideration, on the one hand, the Greek legacies of the ancestral teaching of philosophy represented in the Socratic dialectic games, and on the other hand, with the technified teaching of artificial intelligence. In this way, the reflection will lead us to the idea of the transformation of a humanizing education towards a transhuman or post-human education. In the Platonic dialogues the pleasant conversation is translated into a discourse full of astonishment, the problem must be faced to the human intelligence and challenge it. Socratic irony dynamizes ideas, the interlocutor hierarchizes them, compares and synthesizes them to establish some thesis on what was unquestioned. Thus the spirit conquers intellectual happiness protected by emotion, tranquility, "being is intelligible", a mixture of rational logic and emotionality. Is it possible to replicate these Greek intellectual activities in the pandemic situation experienced and dominated by remote teaching systems? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immanuel Kant has been a crucial milestone in various spheres of human thought. His treatment of the ancient problem of appearance is not exempt from this premise. However, his notable contribution in this regard has not received the attention and depth provided by the primary studies of his work. This paper aims to comprehensively expose the problematic nature of illusions from Kant's perspective. Firstly, a concise review of the treatment of appearance throughout the history of philosophy will be conducted. Subsequently, the relevance of Kant's intervention in relation to this topic will be emphasized. Following that, a meticulous reconstruction of the topography of the different types of illusory appearance addressed in the Critique of Pure Reason will be undertaken, namely: empirical, logical, and transcendental illusions. This analysis will highlight the peculiarities, contexts, and inherent meanings of each of these forms, ultimately concluding the essay with a comprehensive evaluation of this significant episode in Kantian philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is proposed to dismantle part of the complexity of the problem of private property in Rousseau in the following way: a) it is a concept that obeys very precise circumstances in the context of the Genevan philosopher, the decay of the feudal world and the advance of the market economy, the evolution of capitalism; b) it is a concept that in the body of his work he thinks and reflects on it as a new reality c) for this concept Rousseau draws on the discussions raised with physiocrats (economists), jurists (jusnatrualist) and both liberal and republican philosophers who due to that they did not conceive their discipline as a science isolated from the others, but that each one kept elements of the others despite its emerging specificity d) In unison with its context, Rousseau proposes to think of property from a political philosophy that integrates four sides, which political, moral, legal and economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will address the new material challenges that democracy must address in the 21st century and that go far beyond the simple procedural formal rule defined by Bobbio and that had nothing to do with the substantive contents that are dealt with in the framework of a society or political community, especially complex like those of today. This situation maintains two causes that generate it and sequence it. On the one hand, the very stormy scenario with which the capitalist production model and its crises have generated in the population and, on the other hand, the reaction of the population who has felt orphaned of democracy, delivered naked to the market, and whose The feeling of reaction and annoyance has been reflected in various libertarian social movements, but also in the seduction of authoritarianism and the emergence of the extreme right. For the above, we will review a prospective of issues that democracy will have to face and the classic and contemporary positions that have been at the base of this fundamental discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the chat-bot LaMDA developed by Google and the experience by the engineer B. Lemoine. The issue brings forth a problem, namely can artificial life feel? The discussions held to-date are set out, openly or tacitly, on the Turing test (1950) focused on intelligence. This paper highlights the phenomenological stance over any other approach to the subject. LaMDA does not just think, it feels; moreover, it senses. It is indeed a sentient person. The highly sensitive question concerns the complexity of the mind. It is claimed here that feelings and/or sensations are already cognitive acts by themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a philosophical approach to the theory of language in legal expressions, which increasingly establish measures that seek to differentiate the keys of the codes that have been budgeted from the theories of language in the construction of legal discourse, For this purpose, a theoretical analysis has been carried out, which from the philosophical theory can be appropriated by reviewing the sentence T 626 of 2022, where the Colombian constitutional court has detached itself from the forms and legal technicalities to be understandable to a child who acts as a receiver of the message. In such a way that this introduces a reflection that appropriates the interpretation of the law from the intellectual authors and not from the message, generating a significant transformation that must be considered within the legal hermeneutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kripke has had an enormous impact on theories of reference thanks to his distinction of the metaphysical necessity of epistemological naming, breaking with decades of descriptive traditions of reference. Nevertheless, within the process of naming, there exist in the author's theory, glimpses of propositional attitudes and intentional aspects that the author does not delve into. This paper will detail the most important aspects of the American philosopher's theory to give rise to the discussion of the scope of the intentional aspects and propositional attitudes at the moment of naming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the role of transformational leadership within the judicial system, specifically in relation to the role of judges and magistrates as democratic leaders. To achieve this end, the research focuses on three core aspects: 1) It points out the main conceptual references on the three-dimensional theory of law, essential when defining the legal reality or the management and administration that derives from it. 2) It explores the relevance of transformational leadership, considered one of the most debated administrative approaches, which tends to train leaders committed to the organization, society and the group that accompanies them. This vision of leadership allows promoting collective actions, adapting to social demands, generating significant changes within organizational structures. 3) It explores the role of judges as social leaders, called to promote transformations within society, assuming it as a point of balance between the role of the State with citizenship, without losing sight of the human side of the administration of the justice, which is why it invites a permanent revision of the laws, attending to the growing demands of society. The method used for the development of the paper is the hermeneutic-documentary. It concludes in the urgency of transforming the judicial system, ensuring equity and social justice, where the magistrates occupy the place of social leader's par excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the analysis of conspiracy beliefs and conspiracy theories by taking into consideration some of the major contributions about the topic presently provided by several disciplines. A definition is given that helps illustrate the most prominent features of these beliefs, namely monological bias, logical and conceptual fallacies, dispositional influence and pseudorationality. Other important psychological preconditions are also provided (such as, among others, credulity, hypersensitive agency detection devices and proneness to self-deception), but, as the paper argues, they are features shared to a greater or lesser extent with other belief systems, like radical political ideologies and religious fundamentalisms. As a result, it is suggested that a more proper understanding of the phenomenon is attainable by approaches combining psychological data with the analysis of groups and sociopolitical dynamics. Participation in social structures and networks that act as "echo chambers" or "epistemic bubbles", as well as exceptional contingencies and shifts in power distribution among group/social actors seem to be the most influential factors that explain formation, spread and salience of this kind of beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the issue of food security, articulating it with the relevance of achieving SDG 2, as one of the fundamental objectives set by the United Nations Organization for Sustainable Development (2015). To achieve this end, the research focuses on four fundamental aspects: 1. The relevance of food security in the global context and the need for timely access to food for individuals, without neglecting the asymmetric structural contexts on the planet, such as hunger and poverty, which limit the conditions for development (FAO, 2009). 2. The relevance of SDG 2 for food security, the production of goods and food effectively, preventing actions that threaten life on the planet (Cóndor et. al, 2022). 3. The presence of people who suffer from hunger in the Latin American and Caribbean region, which has been on the rise since the 2010s and which limits the possibilities of access to sustainability and better living conditions (ECLAC, 2019), a fact that has been intensified with the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic (FAO, 2021). 4. The COVID-19 pandemic that has given rise to new vulnerabilities and conditions for access to food, resulting, among other things, in the stunted growth of infants under five years of age. The method used is documentary review. It concludes on the relevance of food security for the achievement of sustainable development, for the reduction of poverty and structural asymmetric conditions, without failing to recognize the distance that exists to reach the fulfillment of these objectives, especially in convulsive scenarios such as those of the global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This papers aims the unconstitutionality of articles 142º and 181º of the Political Constitution of Peru, regarding the irreversible and unchallengeable nature of the resolutions issued by the National Election Jury, through the legal institution of electoral protection, whose main purpose of challenging the final decisions of said electoral body against violations of citizens' political rights, such as political participation in electoral acts, due to the processes of registration of candidacies for the election of positions of popular mandate, in the counting process and in the proclamation of results, as well as in the registration process of political organizations. For this, we will expose, in the light of the interpretations of legal philosophy, the seven most important constitutional rulings of the Constitutional Court in matters of electoral protection, understood as a human right to free choice, which must be respected by all. It concludes on the relevance of the control of constitutionality before the actions of the National Election Jury, always having as its north the legitimate and legal practice of elections, as a guarantee of protection of the constitutional and democratic rights of all individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate, from a critical and philosophical perspective, the evolution of sound legal practices and their impact on the possibility of building social welfare, an essential element for the current democratic consolidation. He considers that humanization is a social possibility that occurs when establishing legal relationships with otherness. It is the configuration of law, of the legal system, the unequivocal manifestation of overcoming the concomitant biological determinations of the animal condition, so that, based on practices based on justice, ethics and politics, it is possible to expand the scope of the right and have a positive impact on the constitution and social development. Given this scenario, the right is considered as a collective asset, expressible in solidarity, compassion and in the encounter with otherness, mediated by the intervention of the social pact. It is concluded that the best jurisprudence is the one capable of regulating social relations, by virtue of promoting actions that humanize coexistence and penalize violations of the dignity of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the meanings of cultural diversity, multiculturalism and interculturality, interconnecting them to the educational act. In this way, it is based on the premise that diversity is something inherent to the human being, exhibits the peculiar qualities of the inhabitants of certain geographical locations and the traits that make their culture unique. Within this universe, multiculturalism is defined as the recognition of the existence of diversity, of conditions of respect and tolerance to coexist within society, but maintaining a hegemonic logos that conditions social practices, adapting to global interests that pose the diversity and inclusion, masking the Western hegemonic status. From this, the urgency of entering intercultural issues, in dialogue between cultures, is assumed, but the paradigmatic approaches of Bilingual Intercultural Education have failed to transcend the limitations of multiculturalism. Interculturality, therefore, has to be connected to decolonizing proposals, to the transformation of reality, acquiring a genuine meaning in another pedagogical praxis, as another epistemic and political project, with the possibility of creating different imaginaries, where permanent processes take place. of changes, development and space for the integration of alternative identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the notion of moral sense in Hutcheson by proposing the thesis that its foundation rests on a plan designed by Providence, which has provided human beings with the capacity to approve moral good and evil. In this sense, we explain how moral approval consists in an internal perception of a sentimental character founded on the goodness of the divinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is inscribed in the frameworks of the history of ideas in our America, as a concern to understand what was expressed about culture by this generation of Latin American Boom writers; whose phenomenon, with multiple objects of study, manages to interact the spheres of cultural life in the region from the sixties of the last century: the literary, the political, the editorial, the aesthetic; all dimensions necessary to generate more satisfactory and nuanced definitions than those presented by the critical-analytical apparatuses that reduce it to a movement, generation, group or literary style. This paper joins the effort to investigate and create more complete definitions for this phenomenon through the following methodologies: literary historiography, Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of literary chronotopes and the thematic study of the literary corpus produced by the Latin American boom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a critical analysis of intrafamily violence, considered a social problem, of the living conditions of individuals, of the denial of their identity, of their rights and of the ways of interrelating with others. It includes a review of the definition of violence as a human problem, not limited to geographical dimensions, but intensified in different latitudes according to existing social asymmetries. According to the World Health Organization, domestic violence is a type of interpersonal violence, which is masked within social norms. It is usually physical, psychological and sexual, arising mainly in spouses, infants and adolescents, the elderly and the disabled. Although it is not a new scenario, the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic greatly accentuated the vulnerabilities and the propensity to suffer violence within the home. For this reason, as it is a human issue, it has notable philosophical edges to consider, which lead to the revaluation of the dignity of individuals and the understanding of human complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the role of corruption in social instances in Latin America, its effects and the perception that public administration has among citizens. To achieve this end, the following aspects are addressed: 1. The conceptualization of corruption, as part of a systematic framework, which distorts the scope of the public and private spheres, as well as the political, economic and power spheres, serving as a incentive for the breakdown of democratic institutions. 2. The failures of the State when it comes to dealing with corruption, which has resulted in its institutionalization, having a notable impact on public opinion, expanding through the media, making this a precarious condition within political agendas Latin American. 3. The critical review from the philosophical and legal postulates, which guide the treatment of corruption from clear and precise sanctions, which tend to strengthen the public sphere, democracy and the institutionalization of the State. It concludes in the urgency of promoting State reforms, establishing appropriate laws and sanctions for corruption cases, which, consequently, leads to the strengthening of the social fabric and the recovery of the State's credibility by the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the meaning of the family in the light of economic thought. It is a complex issue, approached from various areas of knowledge, but essential to clarify conceptual positions and place it as the foundation of society and its interaction within the business environment. This topic has historical-philosophical relevance, since since Aristotle oikos has been understood as a domestic unit, house or family, a place where private interests, government and household administration converge. Originally, it was an unequal, despotic management, which served as the basis for improving citizen life, which, in its trajectory, broadened its understanding to come to think of itself in terms of natural or artificial coexistence. In its evolution, the family has been consolidating as a social organization and from this, to a business organization, where, through the representation of actors, they manage a family business, instilling a series of values, beliefs, but also having implicit dangers, such as nepotism or autocracy. Although the family business model has been extensively worked from administrative positions, it can serve to maintain the family, community and cultural identity, in the face of the advances of Western globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, violence against women has been present in various scenarios and social contexts. It is an issue that does not escape the spaces of philosophical reflection, the struggles of feminism and the positions of international organizations responsible for ensuring the protection of human rights. By virtue of the foregoing, the article presents a critical analysis of violence against women, understood as a type of institutionalized violence, maintained over time, which implies the subordination of women to the patriarchal and phallocentric culture, which is evidenced in psychological, sexual and physical aggression and, ultimately, in femicide, as a condition of extreme violence against femininity. The method used for the elaboration of the work is the hermeneuticdocumentary. This paper is not intended to establish definitive positions, but to serve as a denunciation of the conditions of marginalization and objectification of women in current scenarios, particularly in Latin America, while promoting awareness of this masked reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the development of the multimodal academic activities developed at the School of Philosophy of the University of Zulia, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic, the eventual sanitary confinement decreed by the Venezuelan executive on March 17, 2020, its subsequent easing and return to blended activities in 2022. This is a qualitative exploration, analytical-descriptive, in which interviews conducted with 12 professors and 26 selected students are evaluated, achieving an approach to the experience in multimodal education, its benefits, limitations and articulation with the development of competences of the philosophical field. Among the results obtained, the relevance of multimodality stands out as a flexible option that, supported by the use of ICT, has allowed the advancement and achievement of objectives, development of competencies, group skills, among others. However, the peculiar conditions of the Zulia State, such as the cessation of electricity supply, the failure of communication platforms, have hindered the fluidity of the teaching/learning processes, to which are added the precariousness in access to the latest generation equipment for tales fines Despite this, the School of Philosophy has maintained active teaching, research programs and projects, the training of educators and students, as well as the organization of events that strengthen the presence of philosophy within the national and international academic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains what suffering-focused ethics are, and presents some of the main reasons in their support. It then discusses their implications for the moral consideration of animals. The paper argues that under according to these views, the harmful use as resources of animals should be rejected. It then examines those positions that accept the use of animals as long as it takes place in ways that reduce the harm inflicted by them. The paper presents several reasons why such positions can be challenged and why they conflict with what suffering-focused ethics imply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New ventures are part of the global reality, they are an alternative that drives the economy from various angles, being favorable to face adverse realities, such as that experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic. By virtue of the above, this paper, focused on the documentary research method, aims to analyze the figure of entrepreneurship, offering an interpretive and critical position. To achieve this end, the following aspects are considered: 1) The conceptual definition of entrepreneurship, which contemplates its economic meaning, its relevance for the social sciences and as mechanisms to establish relationships between entrepreneurs and the social conglomerate. 2) The ethical dimension of entrepreneurship, its link with social responsibility and with the obligations to the community, which makes us lean towards a definition of entrepreneurship linked to the strengthening of the productive economy and human relations. 3). The role of enterprises in the COVID-19 scenario, a moment characterized by the exacerbation of social asymmetries, the closure of companies, the sanitary confinement, but which also meant the promotion of various enterprises that kept society operational, offering goods, services and inputs in a novel way, supported by digital commerce and other alternative tools. It is concluded that new ventures are part of the current reality, they are a source of innovation, economic growth and effective mechanisms to face the logic of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the theoretical-conceptual assumptions concerning cultural heritage and its link with Latin American cultural identity. To achieve this goal, we reflect on cultural heritage as a material, tangible and intangible asset of humanity, whose value is not obtained in a utilitarian way, but through its connection with the ancestral legacy and with social identification towards it. On the other hand, it points out the importance of the ownership and conservation of heritage buildings, which is why cultural management is essential, whose purpose is to summon the citizenry, the State and private entities to respect and value heritage, assuming a responsible, sustainable and sustained attitude towards emblematic historic buildings in Latin America, which have been victims of human intervention, violence, and various natural disasters. Finally, by understanding that adequate care and understanding of the historical, social and philosophical relevance of historical heritage buildings would improve not only the material conditions of the buildings, but also the citizen's conception of their identity and the role they play. as a mechanism of resistance to the changes sponsored by globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a conceptual approach to human relations, situated from the approaches of administrative/organizational thought. It contemplates how the private company has grown according to the guidelines imposed by globalization, leading to the excessive accumulation of profits, leaving aside the valuation of individuals as worthy beings, which represents a misrepresentation of what should be the sense of belonging to the company. For this reason, we reflect on the urgency of directing organizational activity towards the search for the common good, based on an ethic of coexistence, whose purpose is to integrate the social with the labor, promoting the development of a series of axiological qualities to define. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reconstruction of the critical theory of justice in recognition of Axel Honneth. Develops the idea of social freedom that supports his conception of justice, in confrontation with the ideas of negative and reflective freedom that feed the traditional debates of justice in contemporary political philosophy. It shows the scope and limits of the author's reflection and proposes Amartya Sen's approach to capacities as a framework for social analysis that contributes to correcting the deficiencies of the proposal for a critical theory of justice as recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researcher's belonging to a scientific community implies benefits but also, simultaneously, opportunity costs. The latter include the impossibility of questioning the foundations that explain the corpus of premises and regulatory ideas by virtue of which such collective conceives itself as the creditor of a given "impartial" knowledge. This paper will provide, in this sense, an analysis of the epistemic and sociological possibilities that researchers count on so as to question the set of such premises without this necessarily implying -in Kuhn's terms- the genesis of an abrupt paradigm change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is extracted from the research "Relationship between executive functions and social cognition with job performance in the Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, seccional Bello" carried out in 2019. Social cognition as a fundamental part of higher cognitive processes and Person - Environment interaction is presented as a leading actor at work and in its manifestations, that is, the level of work performance is closely linked to social interaction skills. The article works with a population made up of university professors from the city of Medellín (Colombia) whose performance is variable but within the criteria accepted by that educational institution and who, in addition, do not present emotional alterations or mental illnesses categorized in the DSM -V. A series of tests are applied to this population that are detailed throughout the writing and a direct relationship between social cognition and performance is evidenced. This investigative work promises a great contribution to the improvement, not only of the performance of the teachers, but also of the quality of life of them and their families and the positioning and continuous improvement of the IES (Institutions of Higher Education). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the theoretical underpinnings of globalization and western economic growth, being determining factors for the current environmental crisis. Under a bibliographical exploration, supported by the hermeneutical method, the urgency of questioning the dominant economistic model is raised, which exposes social asymmetries, human vulnerabilities, the loss of cultural identity and the reification of nature, under the premise seeking progress, conditioned by the interests of international organizations, not in accordance with the sui generis needs of peripheral countries. Following this line of argument, an ethical stance is assumed, where the urgency of rescuing man's relationship with nature prevails, possible through environmental education, which points out the relevance of the common good, of development in terms of sustainability, showing the possibility of advancing with perspectives of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I wish to explore how Wittgenstein's pyrronism can be understood. I do not want to get into discussion with authors who supporting or rejecting this appellation for Wittgenstein. My intention is considering the conflict of opinions, the suspension of judgment, ataraxy and philosophy as ethic and then analyzing whether through these concepts some kind of similarity can be established between Wittgenstein and pyrronism. In the same way, I consider it useful if the text serves to show that all the similarities between the way Wittgenstein's philosophy is conceived and the pyrrhonics can serve to defend Wittgenstein's neopyrrhonism as something more than a simple family resemblance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, developed under the hermeneutic-documentary method, aims to analyze the role of teaching English as a foreign language in the Latin American scenario. To achieve this end, the research explores the following aspects: 1) It presents the conceptualization of coloniality as a fundamental element for understanding colonial legacies, the advancement of global society and the epistemic impositions present in the Latin American region. 2) Point out how English has become the hegemonic language par excellence, transmitting, more than words, a cultural imprint that codifies existence, by promoting globalization, capitalism, as well as ways of living and expressing oneself, which do not reflect the reality of the regional context. 3) Indicates the role of English teaching in Latin America, which has been determined by the development of instrumental skills, which emphasize the monitoring and evaluation of students, leaving aside aspects inherent to the understanding of culture and intercultural dialogue. 4) It raises the urgency of decolonizing the teaching of English as a foreign language, modifying the banking conception of education, tending towards a critical pedagogy and the projection of an inclusive society. It concludes on the importance of the decolonization of knowledge, the dialogue between cultures and the use of other methods for teaching English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, from a philosophical perspective, the scope and limitations of organizational ethics in the context of the era of globalization. Through this exploration, developed under the hermeneutical-documentary method, the following aspects are considered: 1. The elements that make up managerial ethics, as well as the various contexts that constitute the fields of action of philosophy within this universe. 2. The vulnerabilities exposed by globalization, both at an economic, social, and administrative level, as well as in human aspects, which lead to valuing the importance of decision-making, as a fundamental aspect to consolidate spaces characterized by justice and social equity. 3. The challenges faced by business management in the face of the gaps that arose after the COVID-19 pandemic, which, although not new, are intensifying in the midst of asymmetric and dissimilar scenarios characterized by exclusion, marginalization and the invisibility of difference. It is concluded that, in the face of the rise of virtuality, which has strengthened the processes of globalization, an ethic must be maintained according to the guidelines of social responsibility, promoting values such as respect, tolerance, justice and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pursues the historical-philosophical clarification of the intersection of three concepts that have a special importance in contemporary debates that have a bearing on the understanding of what the human being is, both as an individual entity and its relations with others and, also, as a sometimes inhospitable place nucleated by irresolvable tensions. In this sense, Judith Butler's performative approach is of special interest, which can be understood, on the one hand, as a complex and critical transhumanism and, on the other hand, as a proposal to understand the human beyond humanism, without resorting, therefore, to foundationalist ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recurrent changes that we are experiencing nowadays indicates that we are immerse in the XXI century, which means that we are facing a globalized society that requires an ethical, critical and aware individual capable to face the different problems that afflict their communities or country of residence. That is why talking about linking ethical values with university responsibility is necessary, considering that the vast Latin America must educate, not only and individual trained to carry out and activity in a certain discipline of knowledge, but also that he is responsible professional with the institution that formed him, as well as with the environmental, ecological, moral and social elements. This paper aims to describe the different definitions of University Social Responsibility (RSU) talking into account characteristics such as: 1.- Impact of this in the Globalized Society 2.-Emergence of the RSU concept, based on the laws that gave rise to it, 3.- Differences between Corporate Social Responsibility (RSE) and University Social Responsibility, 4.-Ethical values and their involvement with University Social Responsibility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aim of the essay is to analyze Paulo Freire's proposal for a liberating education in relation to the decolonial positions of today. To achieve this end, the research considers the following aspects: 1) Conceptualizes Freire's proposal referring to liberating education, in which he postulates a social praxis, with a view to building a pedagogy of the oppressed, as a mechanism to disarticulate the advances of the modernity, leading more and more to liberation. 2) It questions the banking conception of knowledge, as it assumes a depersonalized system of accumulation of knowledge, without understanding the complexity of existence. 3) It considers the role of the individual in the processes of social transformation, expressing a critique of the prevailing educational models, taking as an example the theory of the five skins of Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The method used is the hermeneutic-documentary. It concludes in the need to maintain a critical attitude and a permanent social action, which allows consolidating liberation through a decolonization project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the fundamental axes that currently converge for the needs of nature and humanity. The philosophical statements contained in this reflection become valid when it comes to articulating ethical codes with the advancement of science and, at the same time, educating through an axiological system that leads to sustainable human development. In this order of ideas, it is pointed out how Western progress has led to catastrophic events for life on the planet, coupled with the excessive use of science, without any ethical criteria to regulate their actions. However, as a result of the moral reflection of recent times, of the voices of various social groups, scientific improvements have been questioned and directed towards the production of knowledge that allows human activity to be deployed positively on nature and on society, taking into account that, to make this possible, it is necessary to combine ethics, science and education, to walk towards progress in terms of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violence that has been built around gender affects social dynamics and ways of understanding the world. Although it is true that the role of women in the construction of culture is vital, relations with the other, with the male sex, have been based on asymmetries, objectification and implementation of dominant patriarchal logics. For this reason, this paper analyzes the categories of gender, equity, multiculturalism and interculturality, pointing out the necessary transcendence of multicultural approaches, which hide hegemonic discriminatory patterns towards women and culture, since recognition or tolerance towards women is not enough. The other requires the establishment of symmetrical, equitable dialogues that tend towards social justice. The work was developed following the guidelines of the hermeneutic-documentary methodology. It concludes in the recognition of the heterogeneity of genders, cultures and knowledge, to denounce discriminatory patterns in multicultural approaches, which encourage mistreatment towards divergent identity, tending towards the consolidation of an ethical-normative system based on a genuine intercultural dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred years after the birth of Leopoldo Zea, one of the most prominent philosophers of Latin America, in this paper we reflect on the role of the human being in history and the philosophy proposed by the author. We gather his vision about the Western philosophical heritage, anthropocentric and Eurocentric, facing the possibility of generating from our region a philosophy centered on the idea that all humans are human. Thus, we will unveil his criticism to the pretension of a universal Man and we will make visible his anthropological and humanist proposal, from which he manifests the need of recognition, from the cultural diversity, of all human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of an interpretative documentary revision, the paper posits that in Hector Abad Faciolince's Angosta there is a narrative of realism as that which is convenient to the strongest. The relation between narrative and justice in recent academic production is explored; the concept of the just when faced with Angosta narrative is exposed; the novel as a fictional narrative space between fiction and representation of realism is proposed; as a conclusion, it is stated that the novel's plotting takes advantage of the tensions and tragedies of realism and, at the same time, suggests an aesthetic vindication of a different yet unlikely justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present Derrida's reading of Husserl's phenomenology in his text Genesis and Structure and Phenomenology. Its structural stages, its due themes and conclusions will be presented. The aim of this paper is to understand the problem that Derrida points out in the passage from structure to genesis in the Husserlian phenomenological method, and to observe the arguments that conclude the bad achievement of the phenomenological method. The aim is to detail this interpretation by basing it on Husserl's texts and Derrida's considerations on them. In the same way, this work is intended to serve as a basis for introductory studies to phenomenology and deconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objects that populate the world are external to the human mind, as well as individual and particular. Concepts, on the other hand, are the result of conceiving something mentally, detached from the immediacy of sensible impressions and, therefore, from particular representations. By means of the concept, then, we arrive at a universal significance which is formulated by means of a word and constitutes that which we refer to and can apply to a multitude of individuals indistinctly. The concept is an intellectual representation of a universal or general object that is obtained through abstraction and, for this very reason, is abstract and not concrete. This paper focuses on how the Middle Ages dealt with the problem of universals, as well as the most important arguments of the debate. Thus, after pointing out the early ancient antecedents of the universals polemic, I will give a brief overview of the medieval era as a conflictual context and, finally, I will analyse the main positions: the realist position, with its twofold extreme, with Platonic roots, and moderate, influenced by the Aristotelian conception of substance), and the nominalist position, articulated theoretically by William of Occam and put into scientific practice by thinkers who mark the transition from medieval philosophy of nature to Renaissance physical-mathematical philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to notice the integration of expressions of modernity, the idea of space and language of the subject as representations of the world. The modern is analyzed under the tension of the Latin American and the Eurocentric. The ideological through the idea of space as a cosmological antecedent and language under the figure of reality and its hermeneutical contour. We have called the whole of this relationship the semantics of the representation of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the close relationship between the social sciences and the health sciences. From a general point of view, both disciplines seem to have followed a parallel path and without points of intersection; However, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the close relationship that science has to explain and confront the complex and multidimensional reality that is, at the same time, eco-biopsychosocial. This reality requires having researchers, professionals and theorists who see the need to interpret the world within complexity, from multidisciplinary approaches, which makes it possible to verify the particularities of each community. Therefore, an effort is necessary to reinterpret the training of health and social science professionals, carrying out joint work, leading to success in working with the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the viability of building an ecological citizenship, understood as a response to the environmental crisis, a product of the advance of symbols of the instrumental rationality of modernity. The confluence of diverse theoretical, cultural, educational, philosophical and social movements gave rise to the emergence of a political ecology, which was built on the utilitarian foundations established by Western logos, while allowing a holistic, complex and heterogeneous understanding of relationality man/naturalness. However, the environmental problem was not resolved with the political emergence of ecology; it required entering into sustainable development, with the presence of an ecological citizenry, whose fines are placed on the responsibility and active role of the citizen in favor of the environment, to the communities in the processes of transformation of society. However, to consolidate this proposal, it cannot be achieved without environmental education, thought, in the bureaucratic terms of the academy, as a life training, which must be carried out from birth to death, promoting axiological training and a culture sustained, fair and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, developed under a diachronic-rationalist approach, analyzes the existing interconnection between pharmaceutical patents and human rights in the current context. To achieve this end, the research focuses on the following aspects: 1) the commercialization of resources that could favor public health. 2) The synergies that promote the mixed investment of public and private capital for the distribution and effective use of drugs. 3) The role of human rights in the practices of production of health goods and services. 4) Market strategies that do not violate the individual and collective rights of citizens. It concludes on the importance of pointing out the role of the State as a regulator of commercial activities on aspects that concern public health, in addition to indicating that pharmaceutical patents constitute a social opportunity to promote health, this to the extent that they articulate efforts with the State and with social sectors, to give way to the consolidation of human rights and the vindication of the dignity of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the bioethical dimension of the vaccination process for COVID- 19 in pregnant women. To achieve this objective, the following aspects are considered: 1) the historical antecedents of immunization, rescuing the importance of the works of Wortley, Jenner, Pasteur, among others. 2) The dilemmas that have arisen around the practice of vaccination, among which the growing commercialization of the pharmaceutical industry stands out, articulating to a macro project of globalization and social exclusion. However, in the midst of this onslaught of the contemporary economic model, key approaches emerge to safeguard the right to life and the protection of human dignity, such as the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights proposed by UNESCO in 2005 3) The various obstetric and ethical positions considered for the use of vaccines in pregnant women. 4) The dilemmas arising from the implementation of vaccines for COVID-19 on pregnant women, not yet having enough scientific documentation to know the adverse effects in the future. It concludes on the need to evaluate each particular case before making a decision regarding the immunization of women in the midst of the pandemic, considering, previously, health as a fundamental human right and the right to information, as a means to take a wise decision in relation to the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and the proposal for sustainable development. By virtue of this, the article focuses on three aspects: 1) the theoretical conceptualization of sustainable development, which arises from the demands of a society plagued by environmental deterioration, which demanded forceful actions to stop the adverse effects of industrialization. In response, the World Conservation Union, the Brundtland Report (CMMAD, 1987), Agenda 21 (Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992), and the World Summit in Johannesburg in 2002, helped shape the definition of sustainable development managed so far. 2) The proposal for Corporate Social Responsibility, which has antecedents in the 19th century, but it is not until the 20th century, along with the advances in sustainable development, that it enters the academic and managerial scene, postulating a new vision of the company, with social relevance, adapting to the demands of a more conscious society, without losing sight of the need for sustainable production and growth. 3) Corporate Social Responsibility in interrelation with the objectives of sustainable development, representing the opportunity to materialize the responsibility of companies with the environment and the community. It concludes on the importance of awareness regarding globalization and its adverse effects on life on the planet, as well as the need for companies to act responsibly in the face of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims provides some reflections on the transitions that the sense of the Right to Health in Venezuela has embodied in the period 1960 to 2021. For this, a critical review of the health legislation in force during that period is carried out, as well as of the Reform and Counter-reform processes attempted within the framework of the dynamic historical-political contexts that the country has gone through. It is possible to characterize periods, and to show approaches, distances and transitions to the neoliberal model in the process of establishment in Latin America; from regularities, similarities and asynchronous parallels, identified in the contrast with what happened in other countries of the region, Chile and Colombia; also revealing possible horizons for the Right to Health in the Venezuela of the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]